Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Halton
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	540,975	521,045	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	540,980	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
0 to 14 years	107,130	103,430	1,440	1,160	1,100	2,020
0 to 4 years	30,520	29,090	340	75	1,015	380
5 to 9 years	37,980	36,945	545	420	65	755
10 to 14 years	38,635	37,395	550	665	20	880
15 to 64 years	357,360	346,630	6,165	2,525	2,045	7,425
15 to 19 years	36,360	35,240	430	645	40	755
20 to 24 years	31,685	31,005	370	270	35	505
25 to 29 years	25,925	25,500	255	110	60	310
30 to 34 years	30,175	29,615	375	135	55	440
35 to 39 years	37,740	36,550	735	345	110	905
40 to 44 years	43,390	41,995	835	310	255	990
45 to 49 years	44,175	42,715	865	295	295	1,015
50 to 54 years	42,820	41,400	915	200	305	1,015
55 to 59 years	36,590	35,430	760	110	295	810
60 to 64 years	28,505	27,190	620	115	580	680
65 years and over	76,480	70,980	1,680	205	3,615	1,785
65 to 69 years	25,305	23,800	555	50	900	580
70 to 74 years	19,315	17,930	465	45	875	490
75 to 79 years	14,075	12,830	290	55	900	315
80 to 84 years	10,000	9,250	195	15	540	200
85 years and over	7,790	7,175	175	40	405	195
85 to 89 years	5,590	5,130	130	25	300	145
90 to 94 years	1,865	1,745	40	10	65	45
95 to 99 years	290	275	0	0	15	0
100 years and over	45	30	0	0	20	0
Average age	39.0	38.7	43.8	29.7	56.2	not applicable ...
Median age	40.2	39.9	46.3	22.3	66.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	433,845	417,610	7,840	2,730	5,660	9,210
Married or living common law	274,445	263,760	5,355	1,515	3,820	6,110
Married	246,740	236,865	4,635	1,480	3,760	5,375
Living common law	27,700	26,895	715	35	55	735
Not married and not living common law	159,400	153,850	2,490	1,220	1,840	3,100
Never married	108,310	105,700	1,330	1,070	210	1,865
Separated	10,975	10,610	235	25	105	255
Divorced	21,335	20,605	450	60	215	480
Widowed	18,780	16,935	475	65	1,310	505
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	433,845	417,610	7,840	2,730	5,660	9,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	415,130	400,050	7,515	2,300	5,260	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,762	65,328	72,831	47,508	17,696	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,559	43,107	51,255	30,769	14,329	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	415,265	400,180	7,525	2,300	5,265	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,228	50,652	54,818	38,817	16,437	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,775	38,211	44,038	28,864	14,279	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	388,265	375,990	7,100	2,085	3,090	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,579	64,917	71,803	49,005	17,426	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,297	41,601	48,957	31,637	9,438	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	278,795	267,475	5,075	1,565	4,685	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,495	6,456	7,388	4,607	8,385	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,747	2,735	4,240	1,446	6,093	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	327,610	318,580	5,785	1,760	1,480	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	63,534	63,626	72,655	49,828	24,317	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,588	42,633	53,586	34,867	14,203	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	93.3	93.4	93.1	93.3	57.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	77.4	77.6	76.8	80.5	38.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	6.7	6.6	6.9	6.6	42.2	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	433,845	417,610	7,845	2,730	5,655	9,210
Without total income	18,710	17,560	325	435	390	545
With total income	415,130	400,055	7,515	2,305	5,265	8,665
Percentage with total income	95.7	95.8	95.8	84.4	93.1	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60,770	57,435	875	595	1,860	1,175
$10,000 to $19,999	55,150	52,040	770	305	2,040	920
$20,000 to $29,999	44,665	42,990	755	220	700	870
$30,000 to $39,999	37,295	36,215	615	200	265	715
$40,000 to $49,999	35,665	34,735	695	135	105	760
$50,000 to $59,999	31,070	30,235	590	170	75	670
$60,000 to $69,999	26,855	26,145	540	115	60	595
$70,000 to $79,999	22,315	21,795	375	100	45	425
$80,000 to $89,999	19,105	18,585	410	70	40	445
$90,000 to $99,999	17,295	16,835	360	80	20	400
$100,000 and over	64,940	63,040	1,535	310	55	1,690
$100,000 to $149,999	38,180	37,130	800	210	40	905
$150,000 and over	26,760	25,905	735	100	15	790
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	433,845	417,615	7,845	2,735	5,660	9,210
Without after-tax income	18,580	17,435	320	430	395	530
With after-tax income	415,265	400,175	7,525	2,300	5,265	8,675
Percentage with after-tax income	95.7	95.8	95.9	84.1	93.0	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	62,810	59,395	945	600	1,870	1,245
$10,000 to $19,999	58,165	54,980	805	315	2,070	965
$20,000 to $29,999	51,385	49,540	860	270	710	1,000
$30,000 to $39,999	45,570	44,330	785	180	275	875
$40,000 to $49,999	43,380	42,225	810	240	105	925
$50,000 to $59,999	36,025	35,095	705	155	75	785
$60,000 to $69,999	28,710	27,960	575	100	80	625
$70,000 to $79,999	24,940	24,260	525	145	20	590
$80,000 and over	64,280	62,400	1,515	300	60	1,665
$80,000 to $89,999	17,775	17,305	355	90	25	395
$90,000 to $99,999	11,220	10,925	230	60	0	260
$100,000 and over	35,285	34,175	940	150	20	1,010
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	433,845	417,610	7,840	2,735	5,660	9,210
Without employment income	106,240	99,030	2,055	970	4,175	2,540
With employment income	327,610	318,580	5,790	1,760	1,475	6,670
Percentage with employment income	75.5	76.3	73.9	64.4	26.1	72.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	43,610	42,295	730	300	290	880
$5,000 to $9,999	24,735	23,940	375	170	250	460
$10,000 to $19,999	35,950	34,900	485	160	400	565
$20,000 to $29,999	27,410	26,625	380	205	200	480
$30,000 to $39,999	25,210	24,640	345	120	105	400
$40,000 to $49,999	24,940	24,340	445	110	45	500
$50,000 to $59,999	23,090	22,510	420	120	40	480
$60,000 to $69,999	20,500	19,970	395	95	45	445
$70,000 to $79,999	17,615	17,205	285	95	30	330
$80,000 and over	84,550	82,145	1,925	395	85	2,125
$80,000 to $89,999	15,715	15,290	330	55	35	360
$90,000 to $99,999	15,065	14,660	305	90	15	345
$100,000 and over	53,765	52,190	1,290	250	35	1,415
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	433,845	417,610	7,845	2,735	5,655	9,210
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	167,465	163,445	2,945	695	380	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	68,481	68,357	81,012	72,793	30,975	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	90,417	90,355	102,366	81,177	41,412	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	540,980	521,040	9,280	3,895	6,755	11,230
English only	481,395	481,395	0	0	0	0
French only	415	0	415	0	0	420
English and French	52,290	39,540	8,850	3,900	0	10,805
Neither English nor French	6,870	105	0	0	6,760	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,895	6,760	11,230
English	446,090	441,150	4,940	0	0	4,945
French	3,665	160	3,510	0	0	3,505
Non-official language	59,715	49,755	115	3,075	6,755	1,655
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	59,710	49,760	120	3,075	6,760	1,655
English and French	1,295	405	435	460	0	665
English and non-official language	29,340	29,290	55	0	0	55
French and non-official language	130	0	120	0	0	125
English, French and non-official language	740	270	100	365	0	285
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
None	454,945	442,560	4,385	1,775	6,225	5,275
English	31,710	27,625	2,060	1,675	355	2,900
French	7,090	4,745	2,300	50	0	2,320
Non-official language	45,650	45,020	360	95	180	405
Aboriginal	15	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45,635	45,000	360	95	180	405
English and French	335	25	20	280	0	160
English and non-official language	520	400	105	20	0	115
French and non-official language	715	665	50	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,895	6,760	11,230
English	382,985	382,975	10	0	0	10
French	8,960	500	8,460	0	0	8,460
Non-official language	134,170	123,690	385	3,340	6,755	2,055
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	134,155	123,665	385	3,340	6,755	2,055
English and French	1,550	1,070	95	390	0	290
English and non-official language	12,375	12,375	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	440	115	320	0	0	320
English, French and non-official language	495	320	10	170	0	95
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
Official languages	534,105	520,940	9,270	3,895	0	11,220
English	533,690	520,935	8,855	3,895	0	10,800
French	52,710	39,540	9,270	3,900	0	11,220
Non-official languages	171,555	159,480	1,740	3,580	6,760	3,525
Aboriginal languages	35	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	171,515	159,445	1,740	3,580	6,760	3,530
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	540,980	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,225
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	5,455	5,155	280	20	0	290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	5,130	4,835	275	15	0	285
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	3,005	2,940	65	10	0	70
Métis	2,030	1,805	210	10	0	215
Inuk (Inuit)	90	90	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	130	125	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	200	200	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	535,520	515,880	9,000	3,880	6,760	10,940
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	540,980	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,225
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	1,485	1,475	15	0	0	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	539,490	519,570	9,265	3,895	6,760	11,215
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,755	11,230
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	550	515	35	0	0	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	545	510	35	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	345	325	25	0	0	25
Métis single ancestry	180	165	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	9,045	8,440	565	35	0	585
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	8,855	8,275	540	40	0	560
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,280	5,960	285	40	0	300
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,410	2,155	245	0	0	250
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	170	165	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	190	165	25	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	130	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	10	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	531,385	512,090	8,680	3,855	6,760	10,605
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	502,490	487,040	8,655	3,205	3,595	10,255
Canadian citizens only	464,920	451,850	7,990	2,130	2,955	9,050
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	37,570	35,195	670	1,075	635	1,205
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	38,485	34,000	625	695	3,165	970
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	540,980	521,040	9,280	3,895	6,760	11,230
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	375,815	366,075	7,390	1,345	1,005	8,065
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	160,165	150,395	1,720	2,525	5,515	2,985
Before 1981	48,240	46,905	355	205	780	455
1981 to 1990	18,710	18,010	165	140	400	235
1991 to 2000	29,940	28,185	345	395	1,010	545
2001 to 2010	42,785	39,365	550	1,260	1,620	1,175
2001 to 2005	22,635	21,210	205	530	685	470
2006 to 2010	20,150	18,155	335	725	930	705
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	20,485	17,935	310	530	1,705	575
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	5,000	4,570	165	25	240	180
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	160,165	150,395	1,720	2,530	5,515	2,990
Under 5 years	18,970	18,250	185	410	120	390
5 to 14 years	31,250	30,325	280	580	60	575
15 to 24 years	31,895	30,935	300	290	370	445
25 to 44 years	65,735	62,375	845	1,055	1,460	1,370
45 years and over	12,315	8,515	105	190	3,505	200
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	160,165	150,400	1,720	2,525	5,520	2,990
Americas	21,720	20,675	125	635	285	440
Brazil	870	805	0	60	10	30
Colombia	2,265	1,970	10	135	150	80
El Salvador	420	405	0	0	10	10
Guyana	1,295	1,295	0	0	0	0
Haiti	55	20	40	0	0	40
Jamaica	2,945	2,945	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,130	1,015	0	90	20	45
Peru	925	840	0	70	20	35
Trinidad and Tobago	1,805	1,800	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	5,325	5,170	50	80	15	95
Other places of birth in Americas	4,690	4,410	20	185	65	120
Europe	61,255	58,445	695	735	1,375	1,060
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,065	1,030	10	15	20	15
Croatia	2,490	2,410	0	10	70	10
France	625	180	435	15	0	440
Germany	3,100	3,030	25	45	10	45
Greece	730	700	0	0	10	10
Hungary	870	855	0	0	15	0
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	1,240	1,240	0	0	0	0
Italy	3,790	3,585	15	20	165	25
Netherlands	2,020	1,990	10	25	0	20
Poland	6,685	6,400	0	40	235	30
Portugal	4,680	4,185	0	30	465	15
Romania	2,295	1,950	25	250	75	145
Russian Federation	1,595	1,395	10	70	120	50
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	1,235	1,190	0	30	20	15
Ukraine	1,245	1,180	0	30	35	15
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	21,300	21,280	15	10	0	15
Other places of birth in Europe	6,295	5,870	135	145	140	210
Africa	11,070	9,670	725	550	120	1,000
Algeria	105	35	55	20	0	60
Egypt	4,190	3,615	145	360	75	325
Ethiopia	120	110	0	10	10	0
Kenya	770	765	0	0	0	0
Morocco	120	60	50	10	0	55
Nigeria	890	880	0	0	0	0
Somalia	100	100	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,955	1,950	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,820	2,155	475	155	35	555
Asia	65,440	60,925	175	605	3,735	475
Afghanistan	1,245	1,125	10	0	110	10
Bangladesh	675	660	0	10	10	0
China^{Footnote 51}	9,235	7,655	10	80	1,490	55
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	1,600	1,545	0	15	45	10
India	13,680	12,760	10	55	860	30
Iran^{Footnote 53}	1,800	1,665	0	50	80	35
Iraq	2,485	2,400	0	15	75	10
Japan	305	305	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	3,185	2,910	10	50	225	25
Lebanon	1,000	845	85	60	10	110
Pakistan	11,195	10,750	10	90	350	55
Philippines	7,255	7,230	0	10	15	0
Sri Lanka	1,695	1,595	0	0	95	10
Syria^{Footnote 55}	640	565	0	0	75	0
Taiwan	545	520	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	1,450	1,230	0	25	190	15
Other places of birth in Asia	7,445	7,160	45	150	85	120
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	680	680	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	20,480	17,930	305	535	1,710	575
Americas	2,975	2,715	10	180	70	105
Brazil	230	205	0	20	0	10
Colombia	305	265	0	10	25	0
Cuba	90	85	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	115	0	0	0	0
Mexico	290	250	0	35	0	15
United States^{Footnote 58}	985	940	0	30	15	20
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	350	320	0	25	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	615	530	10	60	15	35
Europe	2,680	2,290	110	60	220	140
France	115	20	85	10	0	90
Germany	85	70	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	165	165	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	25	25	0	0	0	0
Romania	160	115	10	10	30	10
Russian Federation	340	260	0	10	70	10
Ukraine	125	115	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	865	860	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	805	660	15	20	110	20
Africa	2,395	1,995	165	185	50	255
Algeria	20	0	10	0	0	10
Cameroon	20	15	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	20	0	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	1,400	1,160	50	155	35	125
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	325	320	0	0	0	0
Somalia	50	50	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	165	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	330	260	55	10	0	65
Asia	12,300	10,810	25	105	1,365	75
Afghanistan	240	200	0	0	40	0
Bangladesh	150	140	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	2,255	1,510	0	15	730	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	55	55	0	0	0	0
India	2,165	1,965	0	10	200	10
Iran^{Footnote 65}	270	230	10	15	20	10
Iraq	780	735	0	0	40	0
Israel	140	140	0	0	0	0
Japan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	460	380	0	10	75	0
Lebanon	175	140	15	25	10	25
Nepal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,825	1,680	0	10	130	0
Philippines	1,855	1,855	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	255	250	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	100	95	0	0	10	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	185	125	0	0	60	0
Taiwan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Turkey	130	130	0	10	0	10
United Arab Emirates	365	355	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	60	50	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	715	660	0	15	35	10
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	125	125	0	0	0	0
Australia	95	100	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,900	6,760	11,230
First generation^{Footnote 71}	168,410	158,070	1,995	2,570	5,775	3,280
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	149,060	145,770	1,235	1,135	930	1,800
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	223,505	217,200	6,050	195	55	6,150
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	113,925	105,410	1,375	2,340	4,800	2,540
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	70,450	66,770	890	1,880	910	1,830
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	25,600	24,180	410	655	355	735
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	44,845	42,590	475	1,225	550	1,090
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	30,550	26,710	315	235	3,290	435
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	12,125	11,220	165	210	535	265
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	795	700	10	15	70	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	540,980	521,045	9,280	3,895	6,760	11,230
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	139,000	130,430	1,390	2,280	4,895	2,530
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	50,075	47,790	135	540	1,610	405
Chinese	19,980	17,705	110	245	1,920	230
Black	15,225	14,460	660	65	35	695
Filipino	11,135	11,070	0	25	35	15
Latin American	8,945	8,135	45	495	270	295
Arab	12,515	11,400	305	585	230	595
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	2,905	2,635	40	80	150	80
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	4,180	3,850	0	80	245	50
Korean	4,895	4,500	10	85	295	60
Japanese	1,675	1,645	10	15	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	2,760	2,695	30	10	30	35
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	4,705	4,550	25	65	70	60
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	401,980	390,605	7,890	1,620	1,865	8,695
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	540,975	521,040	9,280	3,895	6,760	11,225
North American Aboriginal origins	9,590	8,950	600	40	0	620
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,805	6,435	330	35	0	350
Inuit	225	210	15	0	0	15
Métis	2,750	2,470	275	10	0	280
Other North American origins	118,785	114,525	3,915	240	100	4,030
Acadian	715	570	145	0	0	145
American	6,785	6,695	70	10	10	75
Canadian	113,600	109,580	3,690	235	95	3,810
New Brunswicker	20	20	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	380	375	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	30	10	0	0	10
Québécois	150	70	85	0	0	80
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	372,150	362,335	6,310	1,760	1,750	7,185
British Isles origins	234,355	232,515	1,590	210	40	1,700
Channel Islander	105	95	10	0	0	10
Cornish	45	50	0	0	0	0
English	136,910	136,150	620	105	30	675
Irish	95,295	94,425	805	45	20	825
Manx	135	130	0	0	0	0
Scottish	101,465	100,895	465	90	20	510
Welsh	10,230	10,210	10	15	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	18,400	18,305	80	15	10	85
French origins	42,730	37,090	5,320	305	20	5,470
Alsatian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	15	10	0	10	0	0
French	42,655	37,020	5,320	300	20	5,470
Western European origins (except French origins)	71,945	70,930	670	270	75	805
Austrian	3,980	3,935	30	10	0	35
Bavarian	65	70	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,995	1,775	205	15	0	210
Dutch	21,780	21,670	45	40	35	60
Flemish	170	170	0	0	0	0
Frisian	45	45	0	0	0	0
German	47,765	47,270	285	175	35	375
Luxembourger	70	55	0	10	0	0
Swiss	2,355	2,170	155	40	0	175
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	10	15	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	11,795	11,730	60	0	15	60
Danish	2,915	2,910	10	0	0	10
Finnish	2,580	2,555	20	0	0	15
Icelandic	710	710	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,595	2,570	20	0	0	25
Swedish	3,205	3,190	10	0	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	570	570	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	68,315	66,665	295	715	645	650
Bulgarian	1,095	1,035	0	40	15	20
Byelorussian	560	515	0	15	20	10
Czech	2,505	2,465	10	30	0	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	810	800	10	0	0	10
Estonian	815	815	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	7,665	7,520	50	65	30	85
Latvian	980	970	15	0	0	15
Lithuanian	1,810	1,765	20	20	10	25
Moldovan	110	110	0	0	0	0
Polish	28,695	28,175	80	145	295	150
Romanian	4,700	4,310	30	280	80	170
Russian	7,640	7,250	45	155	195	125
Slovak	2,305	2,265	15	20	10	30
Ukrainian	19,955	19,720	60	110	65	115
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	200	195	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	94,560	92,075	770	685	1,025	1,115
Albanian	900	785	10	20	85	20
Bosnian	780	745	10	15	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	9,455	9,335	45	25	55	55
Cypriot	200	200	0	0	0	0
Greek	5,690	5,530	95	50	15	120
Italian	44,690	43,905	425	140	225	490
Kosovar	35	35	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	2,145	2,110	10	15	15	20
Maltese	2,820	2,790	20	10	0	25
Montenegrin	185	180	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	19,560	18,905	45	90	520	90
Serbian	4,710	4,500	15	120	70	80
Sicilian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	2,115	2,115	0	0	0	0
Spanish	9,260	8,745	140	285	95	275
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	960	945	10	10	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	105	100	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	2,505	2,380	25	55	50	50
Basque	100	100	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,530	1,440	0	40	45	25
Roma (Gypsy)	90	90	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	130	125	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	665	640	15	10	0	25
Caribbean origins	14,405	14,150	170	65	25	200
Antiguan	45	35	10	0	0	10
Bahamian	130	135	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,105	1,105	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	120	120	0	0	0	0
Carib	75	80	0	0	0	0
Cuban	695	675	0	10	10	0
Dominican	400	335	10	40	15	25
Grenadian	385	385	0	0	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	135	75	50	10	0	55
Jamaican	7,775	7,710	45	15	0	55
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	90	85	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	170	165	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,445	2,430	15	0	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	275	275	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	1,615	1,570	45	0	0	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	350	350	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	14,550	13,625	75	550	295	350
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	415	390	0	20	0	10
Arawak	45	50	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	540	515	10	20	0	15
Belizean	25	20	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	1,040	1,010	10	10	15	0
Chilean	645	625	15	10	0	15
Colombian	3,250	2,845	35	190	180	130
Costa Rican	90	90	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	550	540	0	0	10	0
Guatemalan	305	305	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	2,020	2,015	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	140	110	0	30	0	20
Honduran	75	70	0	0	0	0
Maya	70	65	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,060	1,910	10	110	25	60
Nicaraguan	165	160	0	0	10	0
Panamanian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,280	1,200	0	70	15	35
Salvadorean	565	550	10	0	10	10
Uruguayan	160	150	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	1,295	1,170	10	110	10	60
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	530	510	0	15	10	0
African origins	16,245	14,450	1,135	540	125	1,400
Central and West African origins	2,540	2,260	245	15	15	255
Akan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	45	35	10	0	0	10
Ashanti	35	35	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	125	20	105	0	0	105
Chadian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Congolese	90	15	75	0	0	75
Edo	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	750	725	15	0	0	20
Guinean	35	25	10	0	0	10
Ibo	80	80	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	30	0	0	25
Liberian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,030	1,010	10	15	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	255	255	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	155	120	35	0	0	35
North African origins	7,040	5,960	515	470	90	750
Algerian	200	65	115	20	0	120
Berber	70	20	30	20	0	40
Coptic	275	255	0	10	0	10
Dinka	15	15	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	5,865	5,235	200	350	80	370
Libyan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	335	205	110	20	0	120
Sudanese	185	170	0	0	15	0
Tunisian	185	90	70	20	0	80
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	120	45	20	55	0	50
Southern and East African origins	3,325	3,170	135	10	10	140
Afrikaner	70	65	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	40	25	10	0	0	10
Burundian	55	30	25	0	0	25
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	105	95	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	150	145	0	10	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	270	270	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	125	70	50	0	0	55
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	30	10	30	0	0	25
Seychellois	15	15	0	0	0	0
Somali	190	185	0	0	0	0
South African	1,715	1,705	0	10	0	0
Tanzanian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	120	120	0	0	0	0
Zambian	65	70	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	130	130	0	0	0	0
Zulu	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	315	305	10	0	0	10
Other African origins	3,540	3,240	245	45	10	265
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	395	385	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	3,210	2,920	240	40	0	265
Asian origins	116,155	109,320	695	1,495	4,640	1,445
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,230	19,840	320	445	620	545
Afghan	2,180	2,035	0	10	135	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	2,320	2,170	40	60	50	75
Armenian	1,090	985	60	20	25	70
Assyrian	405	395	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	75	75	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	10	0	0	0	10	0
Iranian	3,170	2,935	15	75	150	50
Iraqi	2,625	2,530	10	25	70	15
Israeli	305	275	20	10	10	20
Jordanian	775	750	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	100	85	0	10	10	10
Kurd	170	155	0	0	15	0
Kuwaiti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	3,275	3,030	130	95	20	180
Palestinian	2,140	2,085	0	25	20	15
Pashtun	210	180	0	0	30	0
Saudi Arabian	165	160	0	10	0	10
Syrian	1,525	1,405	25	15	80	35
Tajik	85	75	0	0	15	0
Tatar	95	90	0	10	0	0
Turk	1,895	1,715	25	85	75	65
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	85	0	0	10	0
Yemeni	95	95	0	10	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	965	925	0	15	25	10
South Asian origins	51,135	48,805	180	575	1,580	465
Bangladeshi	480	475	0	0	10	0
Bengali	415	380	0	25	0	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	33,580	32,160	160	330	930	320
Goan	410	410	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	190	180	0	0	15	0
Kashmiri	120	120	0	0	0	0
Nepali	60	55	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	12,275	11,710	20	160	385	100
Punjabi	2,495	2,250	0	35	210	20
Sinhalese	245	240	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	2,055	1,955	0	35	60	15
Tamil	560	480	0	25	55	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	2,790	2,670	20	30	75	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	45,265	42,130	205	500	2,435	455
Burmese	115	115	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	160	145	10	10	0	10
Chinese	23,970	21,600	155	275	1,945	290
Filipino	12,225	12,150	15	25	40	25
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	435	435	0	0	0	0
Japanese	2,400	2,335	10	45	15	30
Karen	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,055	4,660	10	90	290	55
Laotian	170	160	10	10	0	10
Malaysian	235	230	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	100	85	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	75	75	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	250	245	0	0	0	0
Thai	205	200	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,380	2,125	25	55	175	55
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	275	275	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	905	870	0	10	30	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	900	865	0	10	30	10
Oceania origins	1,080	1,080	0	0	0	0
Australian	740	740	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	190	195	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	175	175	0	0	0	0
Fijian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Maori	30	30	0	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	30	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	433,845	417,615	7,845	2,735	5,655	9,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	53,790	49,725	920	450	2,700	1,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	108,215	104,995	1,580	500	1,140	1,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	271,840	262,890	5,345	1,785	1,815	6,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,095	19,370	465	60	210	495
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	9,425	8,995	250	35	150	260
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	10,675	10,375	215	30	55	230
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	91,080	88,745	1,625	225	490	1,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,725	10,170	315	60	185	340
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,940	144,610	2,940	1,445	935	3,670
Bachelor's degree	101,150	97,990	1,825	680	660	2,160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,690	9,180	215	190	100	310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,215	4,060	60	65	30	90
Master's degree	31,105	29,800	750	435	120	970
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	3,780	3,580	95	75	35	130
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	433,845	417,610	7,845	2,730	5,655	9,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	162,005	154,720	2,500	950	3,840	2,970
Education	15,900	15,220	485	80	115	520
13. Education	15,900	15,220	485	80	120	520
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,765	10,460	170	60	75	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,660	1,630	35	0	0	30
50. Visual and performing arts	9,100	8,830	135	55	75	165
Humanities	16,135	15,550	315	170	95	395
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,420	1,250	75	55	40	105
23. English language and literature/letters	4,760	4,680	35	40	0	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,865	4,740	60	25	40	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	70	60	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	825	805	10	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	780	765	10	0	10	10
54. History	2,630	2,580	35	10	15	40
55. French language and literature/letters	785	665	85	35	0	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,370	38,375	615	225	155	725
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	280	255	15	10	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,230	4,145	55	25	10	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,640	5,515	80	15	25	85
22. Legal professions and studies	5,705	5,525	125	40	20	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	690	660	25	10	0	30
42. Psychology	6,135	6,030	85	15	10	90
45. Social sciences	16,675	16,240	240	110	95	290
Business, management and public administration	69,215	66,755	1,665	445	350	1,885
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75	80	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,520	3,450	55	10	0	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65,625	63,230	1,610	440	345	1,830
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,890	12,370	250	125	150	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,310	5,125	90	75	15	125
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,160	3,090	55	0	10	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	170	165	10	0	0	15
40. Physical sciences	3,810	3,565	85	45	110	110
41. Science technologies/technicians	445	420	10	10	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,870	13,390	240	150	90	315
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,445	10,095	180	125	35	245
25. Library science	630	615	10	0	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,535	2,415	50	20	45	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	260	260	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	46,725	45,090	800	325	505	960
04. Architecture and related services	2,400	2,335	40	10	20	45
14. Engineering	18,155	17,260	340	260	285	470
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	9,205	8,925	140	40	105	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,985	5,860	90	0	25	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,010	6,880	90	0	35	95
48. Precision production	3,965	3,830	95	0	35	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,600	3,490	50	10	45	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,195	2,115	25	10	45	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,400	1,375	30	0	0	25
Health and related fields	31,880	30,965	575	170	170	660
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,935	3,850	65	10	20	70
51. Health professions and related programs	26,705	25,935	490	145	135	560
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,235	1,180	25	15	20	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,475	11,200	185	30	60	200
12. Personal and culinary services	5,850	5,690	95	25	45	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	55	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	70	10	0	10	10
43. Security and protective services	3,855	3,795	55	0	0	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,625	1,580	30	10	10	35
Other	20	20	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	433,845	417,610	7,840	2,735	5,655	9,210
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	162,005	154,720	2,495	950	3,840	2,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	271,840	262,895	5,345	1,785	1,815	6,235
Location of study inside Canada	206,250	200,900	4,490	775	85	4,875
Same as province or territory of residence	187,095	183,830	2,660	520	80	2,920
Different than province or territory of residence	19,160	17,070	1,830	255	10	1,955
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	65,590	61,990	855	1,005	1,740	1,360
United States^{Footnote 130}	9,120	8,925	135	55	0	165
Philippines	3,895	3,885	0	0	0	0
India	6,400	6,330	0	10	65	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	8,950	8,880	35	35	0	50
China^{Footnote 132}	4,115	3,315	0	0	800	0
France	395	125	250	20	0	255
Other	32,720	30,525	440	890	870	885
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	433,845	417,615	7,840	2,730	5,655	not applicable ...
In the labour force	302,945	294,880	5,300	1,730	1,030	not applicable ...
Employed	284,770	277,360	4,935	1,510	965	not applicable ...
Unemployed	18,175	17,515	365	225	65	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	130,895	122,730	2,540	1,000	4,620	not applicable ...
Participation rate	69.8	70.6	67.6	63.4	18.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	65.6	66.4	62.9	55.3	17.1	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.9	6.9	13.0	6.3	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	433,845	417,615	7,845	2,735	5,655	9,210
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	121,330	113,495	2,350	985	4,500	2,845
Worked	312,515	304,110	5,495	1,750	1,155	6,365
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	171,555	167,385	3,050	725	395	3,410
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	140,955	136,725	2,445	1,025	770	2,955
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.3	43.1	37.9	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	320,950	312,270	5,640	1,830	1,210	6,560
a.Management	49,870	48,375	1,095	250	140	1,220
00 Senior management occupations	7,260	6,980	255	25	0	270
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	20,125	19,480	460	150	45	530
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	14,635	14,240	245	60	85	280
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,845	7,680	135	20	10	145
b.Professional	73,410	71,220	1,485	625	75	1,800
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	17,140	16,685	310	120	25	370
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	18,340	17,895	245	185	15	335
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,065	3,990	70	10	10	70
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	6,065	5,920	85	65	0	115
40 Professional occupations in education services	15,180	14,545	475	155	10	550
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	9,355	9,040	240	55	20	270
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,270	3,155	70	35	10	90
c.Technical and paraprofessional	30,905	30,095	560	195	55	660
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	9,275	9,020	160	80	10	200
32 Technical occupations in health	4,490	4,400	70	20	10	75
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	5,760	5,565	135	45	15	160
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,760	2,705	50	0	10	45
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,620	8,405	140	45	15	165
d.Administration and administrative support	40,195	39,235	630	225	105	745
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	17,470	17,085	255	95	35	300
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,735	3,610	80	20	20	90
14 Office support occupations	13,445	13,075	240	90	35	285
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,550	5,470	50	15	10	60
e.Sales	37,985	37,165	550	195	70	650
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	11,310	11,080	145	55	30	175
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	17,300	16,865	315	90	25	360
66 Sales support occupations	9,375	9,220	90	50	15	110
f.Personal and customer information services	43,735	42,450	695	185	405	790
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,730	2,675	30	15	10	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	5,775	5,525	105	30	120	115
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,720	6,535	75	10	110	80
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,315	13,845	365	75	25	405
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	14,195	13,865	120	55	145	150
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	15,945	15,580	265	35	70	280
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	9,830	9,565	200	20	45	215
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	6,110	6,015	60	15	25	65
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	14,055	13,745	175	40	100	195
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,450	4,360	65	10	15	70
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	7,165	7,015	95	15	35	105
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,440	2,365	15	20	45	25
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,060	3,975	35	25	20	45
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	665	655	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	635	605	0	10	15	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,760	2,715	25	15	10	30
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10,795	10,425	155	45	170	175
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,575	1,535	25	10	0	35
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,185	2,130	25	0	35	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	4,085	3,965	45	15	50	55
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,945	2,795	55	15	85	60
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	320,950	312,265	5,640	1,830	1,210	6,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,685	1,650	10	0	30	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	1,455	1,420	10	0	25	0
113 Forestry and logging	35	35	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	200	195	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	765	720	40	0	0	40
211 Oil and gas extraction	90	95	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	400	375	20	0	0	25
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	275	250	20	0	0	20
22 Utilities	1,915	1,870	35	15	0	40
221 Utilities	1,915	1,870	35	15	0	40
23 Construction	17,745	17,245	345	55	105	370
236 Construction of buildings	5,560	5,425	85	20	25	100
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,705	1,645	50	0	10	50
238 Specialty trade contractors	10,490	10,180	210	35	65	225
31-33 Manufacturing	29,820	29,020	535	140	130	610
311 Food manufacturing	3,350	3,255	45	20	30	60
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	695	680	10	0	0	15
313 Textile mills	65	65	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	115	115	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	225	220	10	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	55	55	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	485	465	15	0	0	20
322 Paper manufacturing	640	625	15	0	10	15
323 Printing and related support activities	1,045	1,020	10	0	10	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	235	235	0	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,360	2,250	75	20	10	85
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,715	1,685	35	0	0	35
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,005	990	10	10	10	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,175	1,160	10	10	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,485	2,435	35	10	10	40
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,590	2,550	30	0	0	30
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,830	1,745	55	20	10	65
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	825	785	20	10	10	25
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,645	6,485	105	35	20	125
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	725	705	15	0	10	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,555	1,490	45	10	10	45
41 Wholesale trade	19,135	18,490	480	100	60	535
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	170	165	10	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	285	280	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,560	2,490	30	15	25	40
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	3,570	3,430	120	20	10	125
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	935	925	10	10	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,680	2,600	75	10	0	75
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	6,285	6,020	205	45	10	230
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,855	1,800	25	0	20	30
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	795	780	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	38,005	37,230	460	190	120	560
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,965	3,890	60	15	0	65
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,625	1,595	15	0	15	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,470	1,455	10	10	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,625	2,575	40	0	10	40
445 Food and beverage stores	9,675	9,500	85	45	45	105
446 Health and personal care stores	3,260	3,170	45	35	10	65
447 Gasoline stations	515	505	10	0	0	15
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	4,905	4,790	55	50	10	80
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,970	1,935	30	0	0	30
452 General merchandise stores	4,195	4,135	40	10	10	45
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,300	2,215	65	20	10	75
454 Non-store retailers	1,490	1,460	10	10	10	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	14,265	13,880	260	65	60	290
481 Air transportation	1,920	1,775	135	15	0	140
482 Rail transportation	315	300	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	30	30	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,755	3,685	30	15	30	35
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,125	2,090	25	0	20	25
486 Pipeline transportation	20	20	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	20	20	0	0	0	10
488 Support activities for transportation	2,320	2,280	15	15	10	25
491 Postal service	960	955	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	1,105	1,075	20	0	0	20
493 Warehousing and storage	1,685	1,660	15	10	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	8,740	8,525	130	80	10	170
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,660	1,620	20	15	0	25
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,505	1,475	20	0	0	30
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	860	825	15	10	0	25
517 Telecommunications	3,155	3,050	55	40	10	75
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	665	650	20	0	0	20
519 Other information services	900	900	0	10	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	24,670	23,960	455	230	35	570
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	15	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	12,905	12,515	235	145	0	310
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	4,470	4,370	70	20	10	75
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	7,140	6,915	150	60	20	180
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	150	150	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,655	7,470	115	30	35	135
531 Real estate	6,775	6,615	90	30	35	105
532 Rental and leasing services	805	775	25	0	0	30
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	80	80	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	33,320	32,375	640	205	100	740
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	33,320	32,380	635	205	100	740
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,260	1,230	25	10	0	25
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,260	1,230	25	10	0	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,055	12,730	170	75	85	205
561 Administrative and support services	12,515	12,205	160	65	90	195
562 Waste management and remediation services	535	525	10	0	0	10
61 Educational services	26,735	25,685	755	255	35	890
611 Educational services	26,735	25,680	760	260	35	890
62 Health care and social assistance	29,045	28,340	435	190	75	525
621 Ambulatory health care services	11,385	11,070	200	100	10	250
622 Hospitals	7,575	7,455	70	55	10	95
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	4,015	3,910	85	0	15	90
624 Social assistance	6,070	5,905	80	30	55	95
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,960	6,800	105	25	30	120
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,975	1,940	30	10	10	30
712 Heritage institutions	325	315	10	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,655	4,545	70	20	20	80
72 Accommodation and food services	19,490	19,030	225	75	160	260
721 Accommodation services	1,425	1,405	15	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	18,065	17,625	205	75	165	245
81 Other services (except public administration)	11,780	11,475	145	40	125	170
811 Repair and maintenance	3,315	3,265	25	0	20	30
812 Personal and laundry services	4,240	4,155	50	20	20	60
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,080	3,010	55	10	10	55
814 Private households	1,145	1,040	25	10	80	25
91 Public administration	14,890	14,545	280	55	15	305
911 Federal government public administration	2,890	2,785	75	20	0	90
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,650	2,545	90	15	0	95
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	9,315	9,175	105	20	15	115
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	284,770	277,365	4,935	1,510	965	5,690
Worked at home	25,670	24,885	505	120	160	565
Worked outside Canada	1,620	1,505	10	35	65	25
No fixed workplace address	26,715	25,955	490	110	155	550
Worked at usual place	230,775	225,020	3,925	1,245	580	4,545
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	320,950	312,265	5,645	1,825	1,210	6,560
English	313,615	307,270	4,440	1,420	485	5,150
French	1,385	645	665	85	0	705
Non-official language	1,975	1,305	10	45	615	35
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,975	1,305	10	45	615	30
English and French	1,440	755	500	185	0	590
English and non-official language	2,435	2,250	10	70	110	45
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	85	40	20	20	0	25
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	320,950	312,270	5,645	1,830	1,210	6,555
None	306,000	300,255	3,385	1,395	975	4,080
English	1,915	1,325	395	90	110	435
French	5,935	3,920	1,815	205	0	1,915
Non-official language	6,820	6,570	35	85	130	80
Aboriginal	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,810	6,560	40	85	125	80
English and French	10	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	25	25	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	245	175	15	55	0	40
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	230,775	225,020	3,925	1,245	585	4,545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	82,560	80,760	1,260	310	225	1,415
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	29,980	29,270	505	130	75	570
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	117,525	114,340	2,125	785	280	2,515
Commute to a different province or territory	705	650	40	20	0	50
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	257,485	250,975	4,420	1,355	740	5,090
Car, truck, van - as a driver	202,865	197,750	3,655	1,000	465	4,150
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	14,555	14,175	180	80	125	220
Public transit	27,935	27,220	420	225	70	535
Walked	8,030	7,885	90	30	25	105
Bicycle	1,590	1,550	30	0	0	30
Other method	2,505	2,400	45	15	40	55
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	257,485	250,975	4,420	1,355	740	5,095
Less than 15 minutes	57,580	56,360	805	260	155	935
15 to 29 minutes	71,150	69,365	1,310	310	165	1,465
30 to 44 minutes	54,680	53,195	985	295	205	1,135
45 to 59 minutes	31,705	30,855	565	215	70	670
60 minutes and over	42,370	41,200	755	275	140	885
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	257,480	250,970	4,415	1,355	740	5,095
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	16,730	16,305	240	70	110	275
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	41,935	40,890	750	140	150	820
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	76,580	74,490	1,540	455	95	1,770
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	57,785	56,185	1,105	415	80	1,315
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,875	29,195	405	110	165	455
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	34,580	33,900	380	165	140	460
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	535,585	515,970	9,240	3,895	6,480	11,190
Non-movers	474,155	457,680	8,050	3,280	5,145	9,685
Movers	61,435	58,295	1,195	610	1,335	1,500
Non-migrants	27,370	26,410	410	185	355	505
Migrants	34,065	31,880	780	430	980	990
Internal migrants	28,320	26,920	655	305	440	805
Intraprovincial migrants	26,195	25,075	490	205	425	595
Interprovincial migrants	2,125	1,850	165	95	20	210
External migrants	5,750	4,965	125	125	535	185
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	510,460	491,950	8,935	3,825	5,745	10,850
Non-movers	315,045	305,500	5,280	1,770	2,495	6,165
Movers	195,410	186,450	3,660	2,055	3,250	4,685
Non-migrants	81,275	78,850	1,150	500	770	1,405
Migrants	114,140	107,600	2,505	1,555	2,480	3,285
Internal migrants	90,640	86,700	1,940	990	1,015	2,430
Intraprovincial migrants	84,180	81,080	1,430	715	955	1,790
Interprovincial migrants	6,460	5,620	505	270	60	645
External migrants	23,495	20,900	570	565	1,460	850

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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