Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Hamilton
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	527,930	509,665	6,805	1,865	9,600	7,735
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	527,935	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,600	7,735
0 to 14 years	86,875	84,150	720	395	1,610	920
0 to 4 years	28,280	26,830	240	40	1,170	260
5 to 9 years	29,260	28,620	255	95	290	300
10 to 14 years	29,335	28,700	230	260	145	355
15 to 64 years	354,190	344,615	4,550	1,250	3,770	5,180
15 to 19 years	31,935	31,440	250	150	95	330
20 to 24 years	36,595	36,070	315	115	100	365
25 to 29 years	35,515	34,870	315	130	200	380
30 to 34 years	34,510	33,795	345	110	255	405
35 to 39 years	32,185	31,370	455	100	255	510
40 to 44 years	32,520	31,445	540	155	380	610
45 to 49 years	36,025	34,920	525	145	435	595
50 to 54 years	41,580	40,230	680	150	525	755
55 to 59 years	39,630	38,300	555	130	645	620
60 to 64 years	33,680	32,175	565	65	875	600
65 years and over	86,865	80,900	1,530	220	4,220	1,640
65 to 69 years	29,165	27,765	525	65	810	555
70 to 74 years	20,400	19,040	430	65	865	460
75 to 79 years	15,285	14,070	255	45	915	275
80 to 84 years	11,620	10,710	140	20	750	150
85 years and over	10,395	9,310	190	25	870	200
85 to 89 years	7,080	6,340	130	20	585	140
90 to 94 years	2,805	2,500	55	0	245	60
95 to 99 years	470	425	0	0	40	10
100 years and over	45	40	0	0	10	0
Average age	40.8	40.4	46.9	37.3	54.0	not applicable ...
Median age	41.0	40.5	49.3	37.2	61.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	441,055	425,520	6,075	1,470	7,990	6,815
Married or living common law	244,935	235,185	3,620	895	5,230	4,065
Married	206,720	197,945	2,895	810	5,065	3,305
Living common law	38,215	37,245	720	85	165	760
Not married and not living common law	196,120	190,330	2,460	575	2,760	2,750
Never married	128,810	126,490	1,340	450	525	1,565
Separated	14,375	13,920	220	20	215	235
Divorced	28,165	27,395	450	55	265	480
Widowed	24,775	22,525	450	45	1,755	475
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	441,060	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,430	407,695	5,860	1,360	7,520	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,966	44,399	46,218	38,625	19,727	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,010	33,528	36,884	27,372	17,668	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	422,530	407,790	5,860	1,360	7,520	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,820	37,137	38,882	32,599	18,754	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,219	30,649	33,129	25,715	17,629	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	371,340	361,145	5,075	1,140	3,985	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,381	43,660	45,352	39,833	16,626	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,920	32,225	34,960	25,995	9,918	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	311,000	298,700	4,405	1,025	6,865	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,922	7,813	9,232	6,978	11,956	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,376	5,157	8,263	2,761	13,564	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	306,895	299,895	4,075	940	1,985	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,099	43,185	46,495	40,171	24,491	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,269	33,350	37,774	28,255	20,445	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	86.7	87.1	85.0	86.1	44.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	71.2	71.5	70.0	71.5	32.8	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	13.3	12.9	15.0	13.7	55.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	441,060	425,515	6,075	1,470	7,990	6,815
Without total income	18,620	17,820	220	115	470	275
With total income	422,430	407,695	5,865	1,360	7,520	6,540
Percentage with total income	95.8	95.8	96.5	92.5	94.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	60,915	58,265	675	285	1,685	820
$10,000 to $19,999	73,320	69,100	910	270	3,035	1,045
$20,000 to $29,999	61,825	59,345	855	185	1,445	950
$30,000 to $39,999	48,985	47,425	725	155	675	805
$40,000 to $49,999	42,705	41,565	680	135	320	750
$50,000 to $59,999	33,880	33,190	455	75	165	495
$60,000 to $69,999	25,465	24,910	375	70	110	410
$70,000 to $79,999	19,065	18,750	260	30	25	275
$80,000 to $89,999	14,500	14,175	250	60	15	280
$90,000 to $99,999	12,450	12,225	180	35	10	195
$100,000 and over	29,325	28,745	495	60	25	525
$100,000 to $149,999	20,450	20,010	370	35	30	390
$150,000 and over	8,880	8,735	120	25	0	135
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	441,060	425,515	6,075	1,470	7,990	6,815
Without after-tax income	18,530	17,725	220	115	470	275
With after-tax income	422,525	407,790	5,865	1,355	7,520	6,540
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.8	96.5	92.2	94.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	62,460	59,785	700	285	1,690	845
$10,000 to $19,999	76,710	72,440	940	265	3,060	1,075
$20,000 to $29,999	70,955	68,155	995	220	1,585	1,105
$30,000 to $39,999	58,815	56,980	945	170	710	1,035
$40,000 to $49,999	48,385	47,345	640	150	260	715
$50,000 to $59,999	34,410	33,655	550	80	130	590
$60,000 to $69,999	23,460	23,010	340	65	45	370
$70,000 to $79,999	18,335	18,000	265	55	15	290
$80,000 and over	29,000	28,420	490	60	25	520
$80,000 to $89,999	10,565	10,360	180	15	10	185
$90,000 to $99,999	5,565	5,440	95	10	10	105
$100,000 and over	12,870	12,620	215	30	0	235
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
Without employment income	134,160	125,620	2,005	530	6,005	2,270
With employment income	306,895	299,895	4,075	935	1,985	4,545
Percentage with employment income	69.6	70.5	67.0	63.6	24.8	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45,445	44,415	605	130	295	665
$5,000 to $9,999	24,495	23,850	245	85	320	285
$10,000 to $19,999	40,105	39,125	455	155	370	530
$20,000 to $29,999	33,335	32,480	385	120	350	450
$30,000 to $39,999	31,445	30,645	455	90	260	500
$40,000 to $49,999	28,140	27,495	365	95	190	410
$50,000 to $59,999	24,730	24,250	325	70	85	365
$60,000 to $69,999	18,850	18,440	300	50	65	325
$70,000 to $79,999	14,750	14,520	180	35	15	195
$80,000 and over	45,590	44,670	760	120	45	815
$80,000 to $89,999	11,815	11,540	205	55	15	230
$90,000 to $99,999	11,000	10,810	150	25	20	160
$100,000 and over	22,775	22,320	405	35	15	425
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	145,570	142,655	1,885	415	615	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	53,880	53,960	59,428	47,827	31,663	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	62,903	63,003	65,565	60,332	33,582	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	527,930	509,665	6,805	1,865	9,600	7,735
English only	487,350	487,355	0	0	0	0
French only	450	0	455	0	0	455
English and French	30,385	22,170	6,345	1,865	0	7,280
Neither English nor French	9,745	140	0	0	9,600	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	527,930	509,665	6,805	1,865	9,600	7,735
English	443,080	439,140	3,940	0	0	3,940
French	2,270	120	2,155	0	0	2,150
Non-official language	56,985	45,795	175	1,420	9,600	880
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	56,965	45,775	170	1,415	9,605	880
English and French	850	260	340	255	0	470
English and non-official language	24,195	24,170	20	0	0	25
French and non-official language	120	25	95	0	0	95
English, French and non-official language	435	160	80	195	0	180
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	527,930	509,665	6,805	1,865	9,605	7,735
None	459,995	446,435	3,700	910	8,955	4,155
English	24,275	22,095	1,020	750	420	1,395
French	4,395	2,720	1,620	50	0	1,645
Non-official language	38,220	37,585	355	60	220	380
Aboriginal	90	90	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	38,130	37,500	355	55	220	385
English and French	160	45	20	90	0	65
English and non-official language	435	360	60	10	0	65
French and non-official language	450	420	30	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	527,930	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,605	7,735
English	388,960	388,940	25	0	0	25
French	6,705	545	6,155	0	0	6,155
Non-official language	121,255	109,705	310	1,640	9,600	1,130
Aboriginal	30	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	121,220	109,670	310	1,640	9,600	1,130
English and French	1,145	930	15	195	0	115
English and non-official language	9,365	9,365	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	345	55	285	0	0	290
English, French and non-official language	155	120	10	25	0	20
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	527,930	509,660	6,805	1,865	9,600	7,735
Official languages	518,185	509,525	6,800	1,865	0	7,735
English	517,735	509,525	6,345	1,865	0	7,280
French	30,835	22,175	6,800	1,870	0	7,730
Non-official languages	151,085	138,425	1,370	1,695	9,600	2,215
Aboriginal languages	225	225	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	150,870	138,205	1,365	1,695	9,605	2,215
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	527,935	509,665	6,800	1,870	9,600	7,740
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	12,130	11,780	340	10	0	345
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	11,655	11,315	330	10	0	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	8,445	8,335	110	0	0	110
Métis	3,085	2,855	220	10	0	225
Inuk (Inuit)	125	125	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	185	180	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	290	290	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	515,795	497,880	6,465	1,855	9,595	7,390
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	527,935	509,665	6,805	1,865	9,605	7,735
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	4,430	4,360	65	10	0	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	523,500	505,300	6,735	1,860	9,605	7,665
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	527,930	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,600	7,735
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	2,435	2,385	45	0	0	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	2,405	2,350	45	10	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	2,125	2,105	20	0	0	15
Métis single ancestry	265	235	25	10	0	30
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	30	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	15,225	14,765	445	10	0	455
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	14,970	14,540	420	15	0	425
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	11,875	11,610	250	15	0	255
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,915	2,745	165	0	0	165
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	185	180	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	255	230	25	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	235	210	25	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	510,270	492,510	6,310	1,845	9,595	7,235
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	527,935	509,660	6,805	1,865	9,600	7,735
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	497,485	483,545	6,275	1,625	6,035	7,085
Canadian citizens only	474,425	462,070	6,005	1,175	5,180	6,585
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	23,060	21,475	270	455	855	500
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	30,445	26,115	530	240	3,565	650
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	527,930	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,605	7,735
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	391,335	384,565	5,230	545	1,000	5,500
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	130,365	119,395	1,475	1,295	8,205	2,125
Before 1981	50,625	48,305	190	195	1,930	290
1981 to 1990	16,565	15,255	90	120	1,100	155
1991 to 2000	23,700	21,520	310	335	1,540	475
2001 to 2010	26,330	23,770	555	435	1,570	775
2001 to 2005	12,920	11,865	215	195	640	310
2006 to 2010	13,410	11,895	340	240	935	460
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	13,150	10,545	325	210	2,065	430
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	6,230	5,700	100	30	400	110
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	130,365	119,395	1,475	1,295	8,200	2,120
Under 5 years	14,645	14,055	140	110	340	190
5 to 14 years	26,920	25,930	280	295	410	430
15 to 24 years	31,680	30,245	285	215	940	390
25 to 44 years	48,430	43,660	645	575	3,555	935
45 years and over	8,695	5,510	130	100	2,960	180
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	130,370	119,390	1,475	1,295	8,200	2,120
Americas	17,015	16,300	145	165	395	230
Brazil	330	300	10	15	10	15
Colombia	1,400	1,230	30	25	115	35
El Salvador	1,595	1,445	0	35	115	20
Guyana	1,225	1,230	0	0	0	0
Haiti	210	100	75	35	10	90
Jamaica	2,780	2,780	0	0	0	0
Mexico	605	590	0	0	15	0
Peru	225	205	0	10	15	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,250	1,250	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	3,900	3,850	25	20	0	35
Other places of birth in Americas	3,495	3,325	10	40	115	35
Europe	63,400	59,300	375	530	3,190	640
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,710	2,405	15	55	235	40
Croatia	4,805	4,500	10	25	265	20
France	390	165	215	15	0	220
Germany	3,025	2,960	25	35	10	40
Greece	1,355	1,265	0	10	80	10
Hungary	1,485	1,435	10	10	30	15
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	580	580	0	0	0	0
Italy	10,790	9,720	25	70	980	55
Netherlands	2,500	2,485	0	10	0	10
Poland	5,775	5,530	10	20	215	20
Portugal	5,600	4,675	0	50	870	25
Romania	1,705	1,520	10	125	50	75
Russian Federation	700	635	0	15	50	0
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	1,730	1,610	0	10	105	10
Ukraine	855	810	0	0	40	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	13,960	13,950	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,445	5,065	55	65	260	90
Africa	7,495	6,150	865	220	255	980
Algeria	70	35	25	10	0	30
Egypt	800	730	10	30	30	25
Ethiopia	355	340	0	0	15	0
Kenya	440	430	10	0	10	10
Morocco	175	80	35	65	0	65
Nigeria	420	420	0	0	0	0
Somalia	580	455	10	0	115	10
South Africa, Republic of	635	630	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	4,025	3,040	785	115	75	845
Asia	42,025	37,195	85	375	4,365	275
Afghanistan	950	850	0	15	80	10
Bangladesh	1,020	985	0	0	25	10
China^{Footnote 51}	3,880	3,110	0	20	750	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	630	610	0	0	20	0
India	6,585	5,970	0	20	585	15
Iran^{Footnote 53}	1,195	1,055	10	20	110	15
Iraq	4,750	4,110	10	45	590	30
Japan	210	180	20	0	10	20
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	1,100	1,010	0	10	90	10
Lebanon	970	800	15	90	70	55
Pakistan	3,685	3,505	10	35	135	30
Philippines	5,890	5,805	0	0	85	0
Sri Lanka	600	575	0	0	20	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	1,820	955	0	35	830	20
Taiwan	250	240	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	2,780	2,215	0	30	530	20
Other places of birth in Asia	5,725	5,235	20	60	415	50
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	440	440	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	13,150	10,545	325	215	2,065	430
Americas	2,015	1,860	45	15	90	60
Brazil	45	35	0	0	10	0
Colombia	260	215	20	0	25	20
Cuba	110	90	0	10	20	10
Haiti	90	50	30	10	0	35
Jamaica	310	310	0	0	0	0
Mexico	110	105	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 58}	540	540	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	530	505	0	0	20	0
Europe	1,865	1,625	35	40	170	55
France	45	15	30	0	0	35
Germany	45	30	0	15	0	10
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	50	50	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Romania	100	70	0	10	20	10
Russian Federation	120	95	0	0	20	0
Ukraine	80	75	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	365	365	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,045	900	10	10	130	10
Africa	1,665	1,275	240	45	110	260
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	45	0	35	0	0	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	45	95	15	0	100
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	215	200	0	10	0	0
Eritrea	60	45	0	0	15	0
Ethiopia	85	75	0	0	0	0
Morocco	25	20	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	110	105	0	0	0	0
Somalia	145	95	0	0	45	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	45	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	745	605	90	10	35	95
Asia	7,555	5,740	0	115	1,700	60
Afghanistan	120	105	0	15	0	10
Bangladesh	130	110	0	0	15	10
China^{Footnote 63}	645	450	0	0	190	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	10	15	0	0	0	0
India	1,010	880	0	10	125	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	250	220	0	0	25	0
Iraq	1,095	830	0	20	245	10
Israel	45	45	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	130	130	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	160	95	0	25	35	15
Nepal	50	45	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	700	625	0	10	65	10
Philippines	1,080	1,065	0	0	15	0
Saudi Arabia	60	60	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	35	35	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	1,245	410	0	35	800	15
Taiwan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	45	35	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	100	90	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	110	80	0	0	30	0
Other places of birth in Asia	505	380	0	0	130	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	45	50	0	0	0	0
Australia	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	527,935	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,600	7,735
First generation^{Footnote 71}	138,535	126,965	1,605	1,330	8,635	2,270
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	133,170	131,040	795	420	925	1,005
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	256,225	251,660	4,405	115	45	4,460
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	81,230	72,470	1,285	1,115	6,360	1,845
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	30,250	28,570	350	560	775	630
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	11,460	10,690	155	235	375	275
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	18,790	17,880	195	320	395	355
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	25,160	22,205	250	115	2,585	310
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	24,535	20,560	645	430	2,900	860
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	1,285	1,130	40	15	95	50
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	527,930	509,665	6,800	1,865	9,600	7,735
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	100,060	91,875	1,435	895	5,850	1,880
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	22,105	20,900	60	120	1,025	120
Chinese	10,075	8,975	10	55	1,035	35
Black	20,245	18,535	1,200	210	305	1,300
Filipino	8,150	8,055	0	10	90	0
Latin American	8,420	7,765	50	150	460	120
Arab	10,330	8,580	85	225	1,440	195
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	6,500	5,750	10	40	705	25
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	4,805	4,305	0	75	420	40
Korean	2,090	1,940	0	15	135	0
Japanese	1,055	1,035	0	0	25	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	2,535	2,450	10	0	80	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	3,745	3,580	25	10	125	25
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	427,875	417,785	5,370	970	3,750	5,855
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	527,930	509,660	6,800	1,865	9,605	7,735
North American Aboriginal origins	17,660	17,150	490	20	0	505
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,290	13,980	300	15	0	305
Inuit	220	210	0	0	0	0
Métis	3,455	3,230	215	0	0	220
Other North American origins	129,550	126,515	2,720	150	170	2,790
Acadian	700	580	115	0	0	115
American	5,935	5,895	35	10	0	35
Canadian	124,935	122,030	2,600	140	165	2,670
New Brunswicker	20	20	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	290	285	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	65	55	0	0	0	0
Québécois	120	105	15	0	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	60	60	0	0	0	0
European origins	383,005	374,115	4,315	890	3,680	4,760
British Isles origins	224,420	223,340	980	55	45	1,010
Channel Islander	65	65	0	0	0	0
Cornish	25	25	0	0	0	0
English	130,705	130,235	415	25	30	425
Irish	87,830	87,325	465	15	25	475
Manx	115	115	0	0	0	0
Scottish	98,765	98,500	245	10	10	250
Welsh	9,970	9,945	20	0	10	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	15,030	14,985	35	10	0	40
French origins	43,650	39,805	3,700	120	25	3,760
Alsatian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	43,620	39,780	3,700	120	20	3,760
Western European origins (except French origins)	78,950	78,410	405	80	55	445
Austrian	3,395	3,370	0	10	20	10
Bavarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,575	1,500	70	0	0	70
Dutch	28,405	28,315	75	0	10	75
Flemish	135	130	0	0	0	0
Frisian	165	165	0	0	0	0
German	50,405	50,035	260	75	30	295
Luxembourger	20	15	10	0	0	10
Swiss	1,460	1,445	15	0	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	55	55	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	8,540	8,495	40	0	0	35
Danish	2,310	2,300	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,675	1,680	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	315	320	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,790	1,775	15	0	0	15
Swedish	2,540	2,520	15	0	0	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	485	475	0	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	67,920	66,650	265	330	670	435
Bulgarian	450	430	0	15	0	0
Byelorussian	200	195	0	0	0	10
Czech	2,405	2,320	0	10	70	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	945	925	0	0	10	0
Estonian	610	600	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	11,215	11,070	45	40	70	60
Latvian	965	945	10	15	10	10
Lithuanian	1,975	1,945	10	0	15	10
Moldovan	45	35	0	0	0	0
Polish	28,440	28,020	95	50	275	125
Romanian	4,500	4,265	25	145	70	95
Russian	5,745	5,590	20	40	85	40
Slovak	2,040	1,965	20	0	60	20
Ukrainian	18,990	18,820	55	50	75	75
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	315	315	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	110,325	106,465	465	440	2,955	690
Albanian	1,650	1,510	0	10	120	15
Bosnian	2,110	1,910	10	30	155	25
Catalan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10,360	10,025	30	55	250	55
Cypriot	110	110	0	0	0	0
Greek	5,030	4,905	15	25	85	30
Italian	62,335	60,910	290	125	1,010	355
Kosovar	300	260	0	0	45	0
Macedonian	1,265	1,235	0	15	20	10
Maltese	1,105	1,090	15	0	0	10
Montenegrin	175	140	0	15	20	10
Portuguese	16,225	15,130	70	80	950	110
Serbian	7,585	7,140	0	90	350	50
Sicilian	615	605	0	0	10	0
Slovenian	1,925	1,915	0	0	10	0
Spanish	6,285	6,040	75	65	105	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	1,220	1,200	0	0	20	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	70	60	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,760	2,635	60	20	50	70
Basque	35	30	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,470	1,400	40	10	20	40
Roma (Gypsy)	295	275	0	0	20	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	175	170	0	10	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	835	805	20	0	10	20
Caribbean origins	12,725	12,530	110	45	40	135
Antiguan	65	65	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	680	680	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	95	90	0	0	0	0
Carib	30	30	0	0	0	0
Cuban	745	725	0	10	15	0
Dominican	400	365	20	0	10	20
Grenadian	350	350	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	345	220	80	25	10	95
Jamaican	7,460	7,440	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	40	40	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,760	1,765	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	210	210	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	1,065	1,060	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	420	420	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,785	11,200	55	135	390	125
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	415	385	10	0	10	15
Arawak	50	50	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	410	410	0	0	0	0
Belizean	25	20	0	0	10	0
Bolivian	55	50	0	0	0	10
Brazilian	530	510	0	10	0	0
Chilean	510	500	0	0	10	10
Colombian	1,915	1,670	30	55	160	55
Costa Rican	100	100	0	0	0	10
Ecuadorian	290	290	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	815	780	10	0	30	10
Guyanese	1,835	1,835	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	270	245	0	0	20	0
Honduran	255	245	0	0	10	0
Maya	130	115	0	0	10	0
Mexican	1,275	1,255	0	0	20	10
Nicaraguan	320	275	0	20	20	10
Panamanian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	320	285	0	15	15	10
Salvadorean	2,185	2,075	0	25	85	15
Uruguayan	95	95	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	220	220	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	630	610	0	0	15	10
African origins	14,435	12,575	1,200	290	370	1,345
Central and West African origins	3,255	2,505	605	100	40	660
Akan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Angolan	125	110	10	10	0	15
Ashanti	30	25	0	0	0	0
Beninese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	20	25	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	160	50	110	0	0	115
Chadian	275	200	40	30	15	55
Congolese	710	250	400	50	10	425
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	870	855	0	0	0	0
Guinean	35	10	20	0	0	25
Ibo	60	60	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	15	10	0	0	10
Liberian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	810	805	0	0	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	25	15	10	0	0	10
Sierra Leonean	40	35	0	0	0	10
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	30	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	120	90	25	0	10	25
North African origins	2,595	2,305	100	110	75	155
Algerian	135	90	40	0	0	40
Berber	30	15	10	10	0	10
Coptic	50	50	0	0	0	0
Dinka	35	40	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,315	1,235	10	30	40	25
Libyan	140	140	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	290	180	45	55	0	75
Sudanese	645	610	0	0	25	10
Tunisian	50	40	10	0	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	75	70	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	4,270	3,810	225	25	210	235
Afrikaner	15	15	0	0	0	0
Amhara	40	45	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	85	50	25	0	0	25
Burundian	85	30	55	0	0	55
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	185	185	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	450	435	0	0	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	255	255	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0	0	15
Oromo	60	60	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	285	140	125	10	10	125
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,245	1,055	20	0	170	20
South African	710	705	0	0	10	0
Tanzanian	125	115	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	105	110	0	0	0	0
Zambian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	430	425	0	0	0	0
Zulu	95	100	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	275	270	10	0	0	10
Other African origins	4,560	4,170	280	60	50	305
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	725	710	10	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	3,885	3,505	275	60	50	305
Asian origins	74,200	68,300	235	525	5,145	490
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	21,105	18,560	135	305	2,105	285
Afghan	1,500	1,370	0	15	105	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	2,730	2,280	30	20	400	35
Armenian	960	895	10	25	30	20
Assyrian	2,070	1,780	10	20	260	15
Azerbaijani	75	75	0	0	0	0
Georgian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hazara	45	45	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,970	1,830	15	30	100	30
Iraqi	3,295	2,910	0	20	360	10
Israeli	320	280	30	0	0	35
Jordanian	605	590	0	0	15	0
Kazakh	30	25	0	0	0	0
Kurd	1,460	1,360	10	15	85	10
Kuwaiti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	2,095	1,910	50	105	25	105
Palestinian	1,585	1,505	0	15	70	0
Pashtun	110	90	0	15	0	10
Saudi Arabian	125	115	0	0	10	0
Syrian	1,635	965	0	30	635	20
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	20	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,240	1,205	10	10	20	10
Turkmen	20	10	0	0	20	0
Uighur	10	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	300	265	0	10	30	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	595	540	0	0	45	0
South Asian origins	22,990	21,815	75	120	990	130
Bangladeshi	885	850	0	0	30	0
Bengali	350	320	10	15	10	15
Bhutanese	15	0	0	0	15	0
East Indian	15,795	15,020	55	45	670	75
Goan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	100	85	10	0	10	0
Kashmiri	70	65	0	0	0	0
Nepali	175	110	0	20	45	10
Pakistani	3,935	3,760	0	20	155	10
Punjabi	1,190	1,130	0	10	45	10
Sinhalese	150	155	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	790	760	0	0	30	0
Tamil	125	120	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	1,010	960	0	15	35	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	30,650	28,475	20	110	2,040	75
Burmese	75	65	0	0	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,395	1,255	0	0	140	0
Chinese	12,555	11,335	15	50	1,155	45
Filipino	8,815	8,725	0	10	90	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	200	205	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,395	1,370	0	0	25	0
Karen	385	345	0	0	40	0
Korean	2,135	1,985	0	15	135	0
Laotian	760	715	0	0	30	0
Malaysian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	45	0	0	10	0
Singaporean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	175	170	0	0	0	0
Thai	450	375	0	0	75	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	4,170	3,650	0	40	485	20
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	90	85	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	435	405	15	0	15	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	435	410	10	0	10	15
Oceania origins	825	825	0	0	0	0
Australian	490	490	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	175	180	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	170	165	0	0	0	0
Fijian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	30	35	0	0	0	0
Samoan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,810
No certificate, diploma or degree	87,880	80,885	1,250	210	5,530	1,355
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	125,445	122,360	1,390	265	1,435	1,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	227,735	222,270	3,445	990	1,025	3,940
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30,600	29,675	605	70	250	640
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	14,475	13,925	350	40	155	370
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	16,125	15,745	260	30	95	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	99,070	97,125	1,295	290	360	1,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,155	7,855	185	40	75	205
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	89,910	87,615	1,360	600	340	1,655
Bachelor's degree	60,005	58,740	780	260	215	915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,985	5,725	125	75	55	165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,045	2,970	45	25	10	55
Master's degree	17,025	16,525	295	165	35	375
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	3,860	3,655	115	65	20	150
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	213,325	203,245	2,635	475	6,965	2,875
Education	13,525	13,035	285	95	110	335
13. Education	13,525	13,030	285	100	115	335
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,160	8,980	130	10	40	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,705	1,700	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	7,450	7,280	125	10	35	135
Humanities	13,365	12,960	235	80	85	280
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	1,080	45	25	20	60
23. English language and literature/letters	3,520	3,475	30	10	10	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,150	3,070	35	10	30	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	85	85	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,115	1,090	10	10	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,140	1,115	15	0	0	20
54. History	2,465	2,420	25	10	15	30
55. French language and literature/letters	725	620	80	20	0	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	28,090	27,630	280	105	75	330
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	265	240	10	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,995	2,985	10	0	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,240	5,150	70	0	15	70
22. Legal professions and studies	3,650	3,585	30	30	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	670	650	10	10	0	10
42. Psychology	3,670	3,625	35	0	0	40
45. Social sciences	11,605	11,395	125	40	45	150
Business, management and public administration	41,430	40,525	620	155	130	690
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	70	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,195	4,140	50	0	0	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	37,160	36,310	565	155	125	645
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,390	9,145	130	65	50	160
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,130	4,000	85	30	20	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,780	1,750	10	10	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	90	85	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	2,840	2,770	25	25	20	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	550	540	10	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,840	7,650	135	45	10	160
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,740	5,595	110	30	10	130
25. Library science	625	615	10	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,335	1,305	20	10	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	135	135	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	47,875	46,650	720	225	275	835
04. Architecture and related services	2,100	2,080	10	10	10	10
14. Engineering	8,670	8,330	145	130	65	205
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,470	11,225	170	25	50	180
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	9,340	9,140	135	20	45	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,820	9,615	145	20	40	155
48. Precision production	6,470	6,250	125	20	70	135
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,330	3,230	55	15	20	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,295	2,235	35	0	20	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,030	1,005	20	10	0	20
Health and related fields	39,320	38,425	610	150	130	690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,435	3,360	55	10	15	60
51. Health professions and related programs	34,825	34,045	535	140	110	605
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,055	1,020	20	10	0	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	14,370	13,990	235	45	110	255
12. Personal and culinary services	8,210	7,980	115	25	85	130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	70	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	50	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,995	3,930	50	0	10	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,040	1,960	60	15	10	70
Other	55	55	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	55	50	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	213,325	203,245	2,635	475	6,965	2,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	227,735	222,270	3,445	990	1,025	3,940
Location of study inside Canada	192,205	188,605	2,940	535	125	3,210
Same as province or territory of residence	183,530	180,700	2,245	455	125	2,470
Different than province or territory of residence	8,680	7,905	695	80	0	735
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	35,525	33,665	505	460	900	735
United States^{Footnote 130}	5,835	5,755	45	25	10	55
Philippines	2,480	2,465	0	0	20	0
India	2,960	2,920	0	0	40	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	4,150	4,125	15	0	10	20
China^{Footnote 132}	1,415	1,180	0	0	230	0
France	190	30	155	0	0	155
Other	18,490	17,185	285	425	595	500
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	not applicable ...
In the labour force	278,645	272,385	3,730	950	1,580	not applicable ...
Employed	259,070	253,370	3,455	820	1,425	not applicable ...
Unemployed	19,575	19,010	280	125	160	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	162,415	153,135	2,350	520	6,405	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.2	64.0	61.3	64.6	19.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	58.7	59.5	56.8	55.8	17.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.0	7.5	13.2	10.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	441,055	425,515	6,080	1,470	7,990	6,815
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	154,915	145,655	2,250	575	6,435	2,535
Worked	286,140	279,860	3,830	900	1,555	4,275
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	149,070	146,060	1,930	430	650	2,150
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	137,070	133,805	1,895	465	905	2,130
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	42.6	41.2	41.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	295,380	288,770	3,940	990	1,675	4,435
a.Management	27,985	27,455	365	50	115	390
00 Senior management occupations	2,640	2,565	55	0	10	60
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	8,730	8,560	130	25	10	145
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	10,670	10,470	120	10	65	125
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	5,945	5,860	60	10	25	60
b.Professional	51,050	49,920	810	290	25	955
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,715	7,610	80	25	0	95
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	8,120	7,940	125	60	0	155
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,755	5,695	40	15	0	50
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	4,790	4,700	45	40	0	70
40 Professional occupations in education services	14,870	14,425	340	110	0	390
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	6,835	6,660	120	30	15	140
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,970	2,890	65	10	0	70
c.Technical and paraprofessional	29,015	28,450	425	115	30	480
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	8,430	8,265	110	45	10	135
32 Technical occupations in health	6,120	5,985	105	25	10	120
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	6,210	6,080	110	25	0	120
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,195	2,170	20	0	0	25
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,055	5,945	75	20	10	90
d.Administration and administrative support	34,530	33,990	465	30	45	480
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	13,925	13,675	235	10	10	240
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	3,110	3,070	40	0	0	45
14 Office support occupations	11,575	11,415	115	15	25	120
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	5,920	5,825	75	0	10	75
e.Sales	31,660	31,150	320	110	85	375
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,075	6,960	85	10	15	95
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	13,960	13,735	140	50	40	160
66 Sales support occupations	10,625	10,455	90	45	35	115
f.Personal and customer information services	54,640	53,105	740	215	580	845
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	6,205	6,095	70	30	10	90
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	5,690	5,545	95	25	25	105
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,065	8,760	90	35	180	110
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	14,240	13,860	255	70	55	290
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	19,445	18,845	230	55	315	255
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	24,045	23,500	325	60	160	360
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	15,595	15,215	205	50	130	230
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	8,455	8,285	120	10	35	125
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	19,570	19,130	230	60	155	260
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	4,905	4,820	50	0	30	50
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	10,405	10,170	145	45	50	165
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,260	4,140	30	15	80	40
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,340	5,120	45	15	155	50
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	750	745	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,455	1,315	20	15	105	30
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,135	3,065	15	0	50	20
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,540	16,955	220	50	320	245
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,315	2,280	25	0	10	20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,970	4,705	85	25	160	95
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	4,655	4,580	35	15	25	40
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	5,600	5,385	80	10	130	85
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	295,380	288,770	3,940	990	1,670	4,440
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,230	2,950	60	20	205	70
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	3,035	2,770	45	20	205	50
113 Forestry and logging	40	35	15	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	10	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	145	145	0	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	350	325	20	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	70	70	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	135	125	10	0	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	130	135	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,405	1,375	20	10	0	25
221 Utilities	1,405	1,375	20	0	0	25
23 Construction	21,545	21,065	265	55	155	300
236 Construction of buildings	6,080	5,925	70	25	55	85
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,810	1,775	0	0	25	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	13,655	13,360	195	30	70	210
31-33 Manufacturing	35,235	34,275	490	120	355	550
311 Food manufacturing	5,865	5,585	85	30	165	100
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	435	425	10	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	80	75	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	365	355	10	0	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	330	305	0	0	30	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	90	85	10	0	0	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	665	650	10	10	0	15
322 Paper manufacturing	480	440	20	10	10	25
323 Printing and related support activities	710	705	10	0	0	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	195	195	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,380	1,370	10	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,085	1,055	15	10	0	20
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,230	1,200	25	0	0	25
331 Primary metal manufacturing	5,980	5,890	75	0	10	75
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	3,320	3,245	15	15	45	25
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,345	2,315	15	10	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,040	1,020	10	10	10	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	655	645	10	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	7,190	6,990	135	10	50	140
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	685	645	25	0	15	25
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,095	1,075	10	0	10	10
41 Wholesale trade	11,790	11,480	215	25	70	220
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	230	225	0	0	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	235	230	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,650	1,585	20	0	45	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,405	1,360	45	0	0	45
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	780	770	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,925	2,880	35	0	10	30
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,695	2,600	70	20	10	80
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,495	1,475	15	0	0	15
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	370	360	15	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	35,465	34,915	305	115	140	360
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,510	3,460	45	10	0	45
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,320	1,310	0	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,225	1,215	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,715	2,690	15	10	0	20
445 Food and beverage stores	8,625	8,480	45	20	80	55
446 Health and personal care stores	3,795	3,710	35	35	10	55
447 Gasoline stations	755	735	10	20	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	3,840	3,780	25	10	20	30
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,610	1,585	0	0	15	0
452 General merchandise stores	4,880	4,805	65	0	0	65
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,300	2,265	30	0	0	35
454 Non-store retailers	895	875	20	0	0	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,240	11,945	200	60	35	225
481 Air transportation	835	785	50	0	0	50
482 Rail transportation	275	265	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	105	100	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,650	3,545	55	20	30	60
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,445	2,395	30	20	0	40
486 Pipeline transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,450	1,430	15	0	0	20
491 Postal service	1,260	1,245	15	0	0	15
492 Couriers and messengers	1,400	1,390	10	10	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	770	750	15	10	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	5,960	5,885	60	0	10	70
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,370	1,350	10	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,090	1,065	25	0	0	20
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	665	660	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,795	1,775	25	0	0	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	200	200	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	840	830	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	11,415	11,210	155	35	15	170
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,045	4,955	55	25	10	65
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,705	1,685	15	0	0	20
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,620	4,520	90	10	10	85
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	40	40	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,285	5,215	20	20	25	35
531 Real estate	4,420	4,370	10	10	25	20
532 Rental and leasing services	830	815	10	0	0	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	35	35	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,970	16,630	255	70	15	285
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	16,970	16,635	250	70	15	290
55 Management of companies and enterprises	440	430	0	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	435	430	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,865	15,445	210	45	160	230
561 Administrative and support services	14,820	14,420	195	45	155	225
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,040	1,025	10	0	10	10
61 Educational services	26,715	26,005	550	140	20	625
611 Educational services	26,715	26,005	555	140	20	620
62 Health care and social assistance	38,515	37,835	485	150	50	555
621 Ambulatory health care services	11,125	10,915	155	40	10	180
622 Hospitals	13,765	13,580	140	35	10	155
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	7,115	6,980	85	40	10	100
624 Social assistance	6,510	6,360	105	30	15	120
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,745	5,665	50	20	10	60
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,960	1,940	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	385	365	15	0	0	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	3,400	3,355	20	20	0	35
72 Accommodation and food services	20,520	19,990	220	55	265	245
721 Accommodation services	1,365	1,310	25	10	20	30
722 Food services and drinking places	19,155	18,675	195	50	240	215
81 Other services (except public administration)	13,005	12,650	185	35	135	205
811 Repair and maintenance	3,840	3,735	55	0	50	55
812 Personal and laundry services	4,660	4,535	35	20	65	50
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,755	3,640	90	10	15	95
814 Private households	760	740	10	0	10	10
91 Public administration	13,690	13,480	180	20	15	190
911 Federal government public administration	3,000	2,910	75	10	0	80
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,880	1,865	20	0	0	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	8,775	8,675	85	0	10	85
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	15	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	259,065	253,370	3,455	820	1,420	3,865
Worked at home	15,785	15,440	230	45	70	255
Worked outside Canada	985	925	25	15	30	30
No fixed workplace address	29,165	28,475	370	110	215	425
Worked at usual place	213,130	208,535	2,830	650	1,110	3,155
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	295,380	288,775	3,940	995	1,670	4,435
English	289,890	284,975	3,250	825	840	3,665
French	1,125	600	475	60	0	500
Non-official language	1,675	1,080	10	15	575	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,675	1,075	10	15	580	10
English and French	690	425	200	65	0	235
English and non-official language	1,955	1,685	0	15	260	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	15	10	20	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	295,375	288,770	3,940	995	1,670	4,440
None	284,555	279,765	2,730	775	1,285	3,120
English	1,545	1,105	280	45	115	300
French	3,005	2,025	875	100	0	930
Non-official language	6,080	5,725	40	55	270	65
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	6,065	5,705	40	50	275	65
English and French	10	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	15	20	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	170	135	15	20	0	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	213,135	208,535	2,830	655	1,115	3,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	142,615	139,825	1,680	420	690	1,890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	70,100	68,295	1,135	235	425	1,260
Commute to a different province or territory	415	410	0	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	242,295	237,010	3,200	760	1,330	3,580
Car, truck, van - as a driver	183,830	180,040	2,410	560	820	2,690
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	17,350	16,945	130	30	240	145
Public transit	25,545	24,850	395	125	175	455
Walked	11,205	10,930	170	25	75	185
Bicycle	2,240	2,185	25	15	15	35
Other method	2,120	2,055	60	10	0	60
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	242,290	237,010	3,200	760	1,330	3,575
Less than 15 minutes	52,365	51,345	625	140	255	695
15 to 29 minutes	92,595	90,890	1,075	250	385	1,200
30 to 44 minutes	47,840	46,600	680	170	390	765
45 to 59 minutes	21,280	20,770	320	65	120	355
60 minutes and over	28,215	27,410	495	130	175	560
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	242,295	237,010	3,200	760	1,325	3,580
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	21,160	20,590	310	45	215	335
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45,135	44,065	565	160	340	645
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	58,890	57,690	840	185	170	935
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	48,540	47,590	700	150	100	775
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	26,500	25,945	265	95	195	315
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	42,070	41,130	520	120	310	580
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	522,365	504,455	6,760	1,855	9,290	7,690
Non-movers	460,065	445,220	5,825	1,585	7,430	6,615
Movers	62,300	59,235	940	265	1,860	1,070
Non-migrants	40,580	39,320	530	145	580	600
Migrants	21,720	19,915	405	125	1,275	465
Internal migrants	17,035	16,480	290	60	205	320
Intraprovincial migrants	15,320	14,935	180	20	180	195
Interprovincial migrants	1,720	1,545	110	35	25	130
External migrants	4,680	3,435	115	60	1,075	140
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	499,650	482,830	6,570	1,820	8,430	7,475
Non-movers	320,160	310,495	3,915	1,015	4,735	4,420
Movers	179,495	172,340	2,650	810	3,695	3,055
Non-migrants	113,675	110,605	1,330	440	1,300	1,545
Migrants	65,820	61,730	1,320	370	2,395	1,505
Internal migrants	50,670	48,940	1,030	215	485	1,140
Intraprovincial migrants	46,210	44,940	710	130	430	775
Interprovincial migrants	4,460	4,000	325	85	50	365
External migrants	15,150	12,800	295	150	1,910	370

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 62

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Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 131

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Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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