Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Welland, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	51,500	46,420	4,650	205	225	4,750
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	51,500	46,420	4,650	200	230	4,750
0 to 14 years	7,755	7,295	390	60	10	420
0 to 4 years	2,380	2,235	115	25	10	125
5 to 9 years	2,650	2,470	150	30	0	165
10 to 14 years	2,725	2,590	125	10	0	130
15 to 64 years	33,235	30,330	2,735	95	70	2,785
15 to 19 years	2,930	2,740	190	0	10	190
20 to 24 years	3,210	3,060	135	0	10	140
25 to 29 years	2,895	2,745	130	15	10	135
30 to 34 years	2,975	2,810	170	0	0	170
35 to 39 years	2,970	2,710	245	20	0	250
40 to 44 years	3,045	2,825	205	10	10	210
45 to 49 years	3,290	2,985	285	15	0	290
50 to 54 years	4,000	3,535	445	15	10	450
55 to 59 years	4,100	3,690	375	10	25	380
60 to 64 years	3,805	3,230	565	10	0	565
65 years and over	10,510	8,795	1,520	45	150	1,540
65 to 69 years	3,565	3,055	465	20	25	475
70 to 74 years	2,645	2,265	360	0	15	365
75 to 79 years	1,900	1,585	280	20	25	285
80 to 84 years	1,230	980	225	0	30	220
85 years and over	1,170	910	195	0	60	190
85 to 89 years	855	685	125	0	45	125
90 to 94 years	280	205	65	0	15	70
95 to 99 years	20	15	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	43.2	42.2	52.6	38.8	66.7	not applicable ...
Median age	44.9	43.4	57.1	41.5	72.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	43,745	39,130	4,255	140	220	4,330
Married or living common law	24,535	21,810	2,565	100	55	2,620
Married	20,060	17,635	2,280	90	60	2,325
Living common law	4,475	4,180	285	10	0	295
Not married and not living common law	19,210	17,315	1,685	45	165	1,705
Never married	11,345	10,550	755	10	35	755
Separated	1,890	1,660	200	10	20	200
Divorced	3,100	2,755	325	15	10	330
Widowed	2,880	2,355	405	15	100	415
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	43,745	39,125	4,255	145	220	4,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	42,030	37,535	4,140	140	215	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,058	37,001	38,584	35,283	18,871	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,729	29,726	30,789	33,625	19,494	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	42,040	37,540	4,145	140	215	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,269	32,208	33,595	31,203	18,029	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,377	27,316	28,848	29,981	19,494	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	36,430	32,625	3,560	110	130	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,409	34,441	34,855	36,118	12,994	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,089	26,243	25,480	26,577	8,754	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	33,065	29,470	3,265	115	210	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,197	8,993	10,917	9,035	11,278	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,229	7,946	11,194	6,901	12,763	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,735	26,010	2,570	95	60	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,006	34,762	37,776	38,101	17,506	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,863	27,681	32,544	32,445	12,242	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	80.5	80.9	77.7	80.4	40.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	64.6	65.1	60.6	70.7	25.3	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	19.5	19.1	22.3	20.3	57.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	43,745	39,130	4,255	145	220	4,330
Without total income	1,715	1,595	115	0	10	115
With total income	42,030	37,530	4,140	140	220	4,210
Percentage with total income	96.1	95.9	97.3	96.6	100.0	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,300	4,795	430	too unreliable to be published F	55	440
$10,000 to $19,999	8,165	7,300	765	too unreliable to be published F	65	785
$20,000 to $29,999	7,720	6,825	835	too unreliable to be published F	55	840
$30,000 to $39,999	6,005	5,395	550	too unreliable to be published F	25	565
$40,000 to $49,999	4,525	4,050	435	too unreliable to be published F	20	445
$50,000 to $59,999	3,240	2,865	375	too unreliable to be published F	0	380
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	1,855	190	too unreliable to be published F	0	190
$70,000 to $79,999	1,415	1,255	165	too unreliable to be published F	0	160
$80,000 to $89,999	1,055	950	100	too unreliable to be published F	0	105
$90,000 to $99,999	910	725	180	too unreliable to be published F	0	185
$100,000 and over	1,650	1,520	120	too unreliable to be published F	0	125
$100,000 to $149,999	1,375	1,265	105	too unreliable to be published F	0	110
$150,000 and over	270	255	15	too unreliable to be published F	0	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	43,745	39,125	4,260	145	220	4,330
Without after-tax income	1,705	1,585	110	0	0	110
With after-tax income	42,045	37,540	4,145	140	215	4,215
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	95.9	97.3	96.6	97.7	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,500	4,985	445	too unreliable to be published F	55	455
$10,000 to $19,999	8,500	7,605	790	too unreliable to be published F	65	815
$20,000 to $29,999	8,970	7,975	925	too unreliable to be published F	60	930
$30,000 to $39,999	6,645	5,925	655	too unreliable to be published F	30	675
$40,000 to $49,999	4,935	4,370	530	too unreliable to be published F	10	545
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	2,420	265	too unreliable to be published F	0	265
$60,000 to $69,999	1,835	1,630	200	too unreliable to be published F	0	200
$70,000 to $79,999	1,300	1,080	215	too unreliable to be published F	0	220
$80,000 and over	1,675	1,545	120	too unreliable to be published F	0	125
$80,000 to $89,999	760	710	50	too unreliable to be published F	0	50
$90,000 to $99,999	400	360	35	too unreliable to be published F	0	35
$100,000 and over	515	475	40	too unreliable to be published F	0	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	43,745	39,125	4,255	140	220	4,330
Without employment income	15,015	13,115	1,690	50	155	1,710
With employment income	28,730	26,010	2,565	95	60	2,615
Percentage with employment income	65.7	66.5	60.3	67.9	27.3	60.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,250	4,670	555	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	560
$5,000 to $9,999	2,165	2,005	135	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$10,000 to $19,999	4,050	3,775	260	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	265
$20,000 to $29,999	3,685	3,385	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$30,000 to $39,999	3,350	3,025	290	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	300
$40,000 to $49,999	2,950	2,665	280	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$50,000 to $59,999	2,065	1,865	190	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	195
$60,000 to $69,999	1,325	1,190	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	950	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	85
$80,000 and over	2,855	2,485	350	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	360
$80,000 to $89,999	745	650	95	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	100
$90,000 to $99,999	840	680	160	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	160
$100,000 and over	1,265	1,155	100	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	100
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	43,745	39,125	4,255	145	220	4,330
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	13,050	11,895	1,090	60	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	47,045	46,381	54,536	38,602	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	53,564	52,957	60,327	54,380	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	51,495	46,425	4,645	205	225	4,745
English only	43,415	43,415	0	0	0	0
French only	210	0	205	0	0	210
English and French	7,630	2,985	4,440	200	0	4,540
Neither English nor French	245	20	0	0	225	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	51,500	46,425	4,645	205	225	4,745
English	47,120	44,370	2,750	0	0	2,750
French	1,740	40	1,705	0	0	1,705
Non-official language	1,605	1,255	10	120	230	70
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,605	1,255	0	115	230	70
English and French	305	75	170	70	0	200
English and non-official language	675	670	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	15	0	20	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	51,500	46,420	4,645	205	230	4,750
None	46,100	43,350	2,400	145	205	2,475
English	1,645	660	930	30	20	945
French	2,085	810	1,270	10	0	1,270
Non-official language	1,630	1,585	45	0	0	45
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,625	1,580	45	0	0	40
English and French	20	0	0	20	0	10
English and non-official language	15	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	51,500	46,420	4,645	205	230	4,750
English	41,235	41,235	0	0	0	0
French	4,805	230	4,575	0	0	4,575
Non-official language	4,795	4,415	25	125	225	90
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,790	4,410	25	125	230	90
English and French	330	255	10	70	0	40
English and non-official language	275	275	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	0	40	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	51,500	46,420	4,650	205	225	4,745
Official languages	51,250	46,400	4,650	205	0	4,750
English	51,040	46,405	4,440	205	0	4,545
French	7,840	2,985	4,650	205	0	4,750
Non-official languages	6,075	5,565	150	135	225	220
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,065	5,555	145	135	225	215
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	51,500	46,425	4,645	205	230	4,745
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	2,000	1,680	310	10	0	315
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,885	1,575	300	10	0	300
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	1,035	970	60	10	0	60
Métis	835	590	240	0	0	245
Inuk (Inuit)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	60	55	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	55	50	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	49,500	44,745	4,335	195	225	4,440
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	51,495	46,420	4,645	200	230	4,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	505	420	80	0	0	85
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	50,995	46,005	4,565	195	230	4,665
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	51,500	46,420	4,650	205	230	4,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	275	210	65	0	0	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	265	200	60	0	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	170	135	35	0	0	35
Métis single ancestry	90	60	25	0	0	25
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	2,585	2,165	405	10	0	410
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	2,475	2,065	395	10	0	405
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,685	1,515	155	10	0	160
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	775	540	240	0	0	240
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	110	95	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	85	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	48,640	44,045	4,175	190	225	4,275
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	51,500	46,420	4,650	200	230	4,745
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	50,095	45,130	4,630	185	150	4,725
Canadian citizens only	49,255	44,375	4,605	155	125	4,680
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	845	760	30	30	25	45
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	1,405	1,290	20	20	80	25
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	51,500	46,425	4,645	205	225	4,750
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	45,620	40,985	4,525	90	20	4,570
Immigrants^Footnote 42	5,435	5,005	125	105	205	180
Before 1981	3,230	3,100	25	20	90	35
1981 to 1990	550	510	15	15	10	20
1991 to 2000	480	440	10	10	25	10
2001 to 2010	750	595	65	45	45	90
2001 to 2005	315	260	25	0	20	30
2006 to 2010	430	335	40	35	20	60
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	420	360	20	15	30	25
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	445	440	0	0	10	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	5,435	5,005	125	110	205	175
Under 5 years	725	695	25	0	0	25
5 to 14 years	1,315	1,305	10	0	10	10
15 to 24 years	1,370	1,305	10	15	30	15
25 to 44 years	1,685	1,465	60	70	90	95
45 years and over	345	235	15	15	75	25
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	5,435	5,000	120	110	200	175
Americas	1,135	1,025	40	45	25	65
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombia	70	60	0	0	10	0
El Salvador	80	60	0	10	10	0
Guyana	15	15	0	0	0	0
Haiti	80	20	30	20	10	45
Jamaica	95	95	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0	0	0	10
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	50	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	495	480	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	205	205	0	0	0	10
Europe	3,410	3,260	30	20	105	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatia	175	165	0	0	10	0
France	30	15	20	0	0	20
Germany	160	160	0	0	0	0
Greece	40	40	0	0	0	0
Hungary	240	220	0	0	20	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	25	25	0	0	0	0
Italy	1,105	1,010	10	10	75	10
Netherlands	210	210	0	0	0	0
Poland	195	185	0	0	10	0
Portugal	55	45	0	0	0	0
Romania	65	70	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	20	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	30	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	825	825	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	235	230	0	0	0	10
Africa	255	175	40	25	15	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	20	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	100	35	20	15	45
Asia	630	545	15	20	50	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	135	90	10	0	35	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	30	20	0	0	10	0
India	90	90	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	70	65	0	0	0	10
Lebanon	35	30	0	0	10	10
Pakistan	25	25	0	0	10	0
Philippines	100	95	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	25	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	30	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	50	0	15	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	420	360	20	15	30	25
Americas	160	135	15	10	0	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	20	0	20	0	0	15
Jamaica	30	35	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	45	35	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	45	40	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0
Europe	45	40	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	20	0	0	0	0
Africa	40	25	0	0	15	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	0	0	15	0
Asia	175	155	0	0	20	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	35	15	0	0	15	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	20	20	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	35	40	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	20	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	51,500	46,420	4,645	205	230	4,750
First generation^Footnote 71	6,060	5,610	130	110	210	180
Second generation^Footnote 72	9,200	9,040	135	25	10	150
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	36,240	31,775	4,385	70	15	4,420
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	2,255	1,955	100	90	115	140
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	750	700	20	10	15	25
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	295	255	10	10	15	15
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	460	445	0	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	820	695	45	20	65	50
Refugees^Footnote 79	545	440	30	35	35	50
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	140	115	10	20	0	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	51,495	46,425	4,645	205	230	4,750
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	2,705	2,400	110	90	105	155
South Asian^Footnote 83	305	295	0	0	10	0
Chinese	375	330	0	0	45	10
Black	805	680	60	50	15	85
Filipino	115	110	0	0	0	0
Latin American	395	350	0	15	25	10
Arab	220	200	0	0	15	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	85	75	0	10	0	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	15	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	180	170	10	0	0	10
Japanese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	70	70	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	110	75	35	0	0	35
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	48,795	44,020	4,535	110	125	4,590
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	51,500	46,420	4,650	200	225	4,750
North American Aboriginal origins	2,860	2,375	470	15	0	475
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,965	1,750	205	10	10	210
Inuit	25	25	0	0	0	0
Métis	990	705	280	0	0	280
Other North American origins	18,450	15,570	2,840	40	0	2,860
Acadian	60	35	30	0	0	30
American	540	530	20	0	0	20
Canadian	17,920	15,100	2,780	40	0	2,800
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	65	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	70	30	45	0	0	45
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	10	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	40,235	36,920	3,085	100	135	3,135
British Isles origins	22,820	22,125	640	40	15	660
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	13,890	13,575	295	15	10	305
Irish	8,295	7,980	300	15	0	305
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,395	8,210	155	15	10	170
Welsh	980	965	15	0	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,150	1,120	20	10	0	25
French origins	11,100	8,135	2,915	50	0	2,940
Alsatian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	11,090	8,125	2,920	50	0	2,940
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,235	9,070	165	10	0	165
Austrian	270	260	0	0	0	10
Bavarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	200	175	20	0	0	20
Dutch	2,800	2,780	15	10	0	20
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	6,485	6,365	125	0	0	125
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	175	165	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	660	660	0	0	0	0
Danish	85	85	0	0	0	0
Finnish	195	195	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Swedish	220	220	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	50	45	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,485	8,350	95	10	35	100
Bulgarian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Czech	150	150	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	110	110	0	0	0	0
Estonian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,930	2,875	30	0	25	30
Latvian	40	35	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,380	2,335	35	0	10	35
Romanian	355	355	0	0	0	0
Russian	460	455	0	0	0	10
Slovak	330	325	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,970	2,935	40	0	0	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	8,720	8,350	195	60	110	230
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	630	610	0	0	15	10
Cypriot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	170	0	0	0	0
Italian	7,000	6,740	145	30	85	155
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Maltese	150	145	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	260	215	25	20	10	35
Serbian	160	155	0	0	0	10
Sicilian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Spanish	355	305	25	15	10	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	65	60	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	155	145	10	0	0	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	95	100	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	55	40	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	490	415	45	25	10	60
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	20	0	0	0	10
Dominican	0	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian	120	50	40	20	10	55
Jamaican	190	185	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	55	55	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	610	540	15	35	15	35
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	10	10	10	10	15
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Chilean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Colombian	75	60	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	30	25	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	20	10	0	10	0	0
Honduran	15	10	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	10	0	10	0	0
Mexican	90	85	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	80	75	0	0	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Venezuelan	110	105	0	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	70	65	0	0	0	0
African origins	535	435	60	25	15	75
Central and West African origins	125	115	10	0	0	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	60	60	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	30	30	0	0	0	0
North African origins	125	90	30	10	10	35
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	30	0	0	10	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	50	50	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	30	0	25	0	0	25
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	165	120	20	20	10	30
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	10	0	10	0	0	10
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	20	10	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0	0	10
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	25	25	0	0	0	0
South African	35	35	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	25	0	10	0	10
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	35	25	0	10	10	0
Other African origins	135	115	15	10	0	15
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	120	100	15	10	10	15
Asian origins	1,690	1,570	20	30	70	35
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	445	415	0	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	80	80	0	10	0	0
Armenian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	45	40	0	0	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	150	135	0	0	10	10
Palestinian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Syrian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	25	25	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	15	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	315	300	0	0	10	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	245	235	10	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	40	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	40	40	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	945	870	20	10	45	25
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	495	445	10	0	45	10
Filipino	160	155	0	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	45	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	175	165	10	0	0	10
Laotian	20	10	0	10	0	10
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	25	30	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	55	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	45	40	0	0	0	0
Australian	40	45	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	43,745	39,125	4,260	140	220	4,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,145	7,675	1,290	10	165	1,295
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	14,340	13,110	1,190	20	15	1,200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,260	18,335	1,780	110	35	1,835
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,745	3,260	465	10	10	470
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	1,775	1,540	230	0	0	230
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	1,970	1,720	235	10	10	235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,765	9,920	800	30	15	810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580	480	70	30	0	80
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,175	4,675	455	40	0	470
Bachelor's degree	3,695	3,330	335	25	10	350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	335	25	10	0	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	65	0	0	0	10
Master's degree	980	885	85	15	0	90
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	60	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	43,745	39,125	4,255	140	220	4,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	23,485	20,795	2,480	30	180	2,490
Education	1,405	1,215	190	0	0	190
13. Education	1,405	1,215	190	0	0	190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	705	655	55	0	0	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	135	15	0	0	15
50. Visual and performing arts	560	520	35	0	0	35
Humanities	785	720	50	10	0	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	60	0	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	210	200	10	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	185	10	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	65	10	10	0	10
54. History	145	135	10	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	50	35	20	0	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,340	2,130	185	20	0	195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	140	15	0	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	750	90	10	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	225	200	20	0	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	65	60	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	385	365	25	0	0	25
45. Social sciences	640	605	30	10	0	35
Business, management and public administration	3,490	3,150	295	35	10	310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	445	40	0	0	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,010	2,705	255	40	10	275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	435	420	15	0	0	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	150	10	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	120	10	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	15	10	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	120	115	10	0	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	35	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	540	470	60	10	0	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	390	340	45	10	0	50
25. Library science	70	60	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	70	0	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,660	4,185	450	15	10	460
04. Architecture and related services	65	60	0	10	0	0
14. Engineering	330	295	30	10	0	35
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,155	1,030	115	10	10	120
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,105	1,010	90	0	0	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,055	950	110	0	0	110
48. Precision production	955	850	105	0	0	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	335	310	30	0	0	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	220	210	15	0	0	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	100	15	0	0	20
Health and related fields	3,600	3,300	275	20	0	285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	290	275	15	0	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	3,295	3,015	260	20	0	270
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	15	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,785	175	10	10	175
12. Personal and culinary services	995	885	100	0	0	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	670	620	50	0	0	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	270	20	0	0	20
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	43,745	39,125	4,255	140	220	4,325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,485	20,795	2,480	30	180	2,495
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	20,260	18,335	1,775	110	40	1,835
Location of study inside Canada	18,580	16,795	1,720	65	0	1,750
Same as province or territory of residence	17,895	16,255	1,590	55	10	1,615
Different than province or territory of residence	680	540	135	10	0	140
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	1,680	1,545	55	50	30	80
United States^Footnote 130	690	665	20	0	0	25
Philippines	55	55	0	0	0	0
India	65	65	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	160	155	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	70	65	0	0	0	0
France	15	0	15	0	0	15
Other	630	535	25	45	30	45
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	43,745	39,125	4,255	140	220	not applicable ...
In the labour force	25,225	23,015	2,095	80	40	not applicable ...
Employed	23,000	20,955	1,935	75	35	not applicable ...
Unemployed	2,225	2,055	165	0	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	18,520	16,110	2,165	65	180	not applicable ...
Participation rate	57.7	58.8	49.2	57.1	18.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	52.6	53.6	45.5	53.6	15.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.9	7.9	0.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	43,745	39,125	4,255	145	220	4,325
Did not work^Footnote 135	17,855	15,565	2,075	50	165	2,100
Worked	25,890	23,560	2,180	95	55	2,230
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	13,355	12,175	1,115	55	0	1,145
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	12,540	11,385	1,065	40	45	1,085
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	42.8	42.8	40.1	33.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	26,750	24,355	2,240	95	55	2,295
a.Management	2,270	2,100	160	10	0	170
00 Senior management occupations	120	105	10	10	0	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	670	610	60	0	0	60
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,010	955	50	0	0	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	475	425	40	0	0	40
b.Professional	3,105	2,755	330	20	0	340
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	485	440	50	0	0	45
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	370	345	25	10	0	30
30 Professional occupations in nursing	415	395	15	10	0	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	100	95	0	0	0	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,035	860	165	0	0	170
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	520	450	60	10	0	70
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	180	170	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	2,705	2,480	215	10	0	220
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	640	590	45	10	0	45
32 Technical occupations in health	650	610	40	0	0	40
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	690	615	70	0	0	70
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	295	270	25	0	0	25
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	425	395	30	0	0	30
d.Administration and administrative support	2,985	2,690	280	10	10	290
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,170	1,010	150	10	0	155
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	190	175	10	0	0	15
14 Office support occupations	985	900	80	0	0	80
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	645	600	40	0	0	40
e.Sales	2,815	2,660	155	0	0	155
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	510	470	40	0	0	45
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,170	1,130	35	10	0	40
66 Sales support occupations	1,130	1,060	75	0	0	75
f.Personal and customer information services	6,510	5,935	490	40	45	510
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	780	710	50	15	0	60
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	570	530	40	0	0	40
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,040	945	75	0	15	75
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,925	1,675	225	15	10	235
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,195	2,075	100	0	20	105
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	2,325	2,085	240	0	0	235
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	1,555	1,400	150	10	0	155
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	775	685	90	0	0	85
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	2,015	1,785	225	0	0	225
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	465	400	70	0	0	70
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,135	1,030	105	0	0	105
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	410	355	55	0	0	55
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	580	530	40	0	10	40
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	60	55	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	135	130	10	0	10	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	380	350	30	0	10	25
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,440	1,330	100	10	0	105
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	210	195	10	0	0	15
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	380	345	35	0	0	35
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	400	365	35	0	0	40
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	450	430	20	0	0	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	26,750	24,350	2,240	100	55	2,290
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	295	10	0	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	295	290	10	0	0	10
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	85	75	15	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	50	10	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	190	180	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	190	180	10	0	0	0
23 Construction	2,105	1,835	260	10	10	265
236 Construction of buildings	565	490	70	0	0	70
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	300	250	45	0	0	50
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,240	1,095	140	10	0	145
31-33 Manufacturing	2,515	2,250	255	0	0	260
311 Food manufacturing	180	170	10	0	0	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	10	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	95	80	10	0	0	10
322 Paper manufacturing	40	35	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	60	55	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	100	85	15	0	0	15
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	90	90	10	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	75	65	15	0	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	365	320	45	0	0	45
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	420	370	45	0	0	50
333 Machinery manufacturing	180	155	20	10	0	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	45	45	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	55	45	10	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	585	510	75	0	0	70
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	55	50	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	100	90	10	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	830	780	45	10	0	50
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	40	40	0	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	0	10	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	115	115	0	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	55	55	0	10	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	60	55	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	190	185	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	220	205	15	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	135	120	10	0	0	15
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	10	10	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,400	3,220	180	0	0	180
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	420	405	15	0	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	110	100	15	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	100	100	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	205	195	10	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	825	800	25	0	0	30
446 Health and personal care stores	315	280	30	0	0	30
447 Gasoline stations	55	50	10	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	355	345	10	0	0	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	115	105	10	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	600	555	45	0	0	45
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	235	225	10	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	70	65	0	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,125	1,055	70	0	0	70
481 Air transportation	30	25	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	45	40	10	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	435	415	20	0	0	20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	220	185	30	0	0	30
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	135	135	10	0	0	0
491 Postal service	85	85	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	80	75	10	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	45	45	10	0	0	10
51 Information and cultural industries	335	310	20	0	0	20
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	120	115	0	0	0	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	45	45	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	15	10	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	95	85	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	10	10	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	45	40	10	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	960	790	170	0	0	170
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	655	520	135	0	0	135
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	65	60	0	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	230	205	30	0	0	25
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	370	365	10	0	0	10
531 Real estate	325	315	10	0	0	0
532 Rental and leasing services	40	40	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,050	960	80	10	0	90
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,050	965	80	10	0	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	10	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,910	1,720	170	20	10	175
561 Administrative and support services	1,825	1,640	165	20	10	170
562 Waste management and remediation services	90	85	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	2,170	1,875	290	0	0	290
611 Educational services	2,165	1,875	285	10	0	290
62 Health care and social assistance	3,425	3,155	255	15	0	265
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,000	940	55	0	0	55
622 Hospitals	735	670	60	0	0	60
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	960	890	70	0	0	70
624 Social assistance	730	650	70	10	0	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	965	905	55	0	0	55
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	140	135	10	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	110	110	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	720	670	50	0	0	50
72 Accommodation and food services	2,355	2,195	115	0	40	115
721 Accommodation services	485	460	20	0	10	20
722 Food services and drinking places	1,865	1,740	95	0	35	95
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,240	1,140	100	0	0	105
811 Repair and maintenance	460	420	30	10	0	35
812 Personal and laundry services	485	440	45	0	0	45
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	265	240	25	0	0	25
814 Private households	30	30	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	1,390	1,225	155	15	0	155
911 Federal government public administration	295	240	50	0	0	60
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	210	175	30	0	0	35
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	890	810	70	0	0	70
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	23,000	20,955	1,935	70	35	1,970
Worked at home	950	895	55	0	0	55
Worked outside Canada	120	110	10	0	0	10
No fixed workplace address	2,545	2,360	175	10	0	180
Worked at usual place	19,385	17,595	1,695	65	35	1,725
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	26,750	24,355	2,245	100	55	2,290
English	25,795	24,075	1,630	75	15	1,665
French	625	150	475	10	0	475
Non-official language	55	25	0	0	30	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	55	25	0	0	30	0
English and French	220	75	145	10	0	150
English and non-official language	50	40	0	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	26,750	24,355	2,240	100	50	2,290
None	25,280	23,765	1,415	60	45	1,445
English	385	100	275	0	0	275
French	865	295	550	15	0	560
Non-official language	200	180	0	15	10	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	200	180	0	15	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	0	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	19,390	17,590	1,695	65	35	1,725
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,130	7,240	850	15	20	860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,600	8,845	710	30	15	725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,605	1,450	135	20	0	140
Commute to a different province or territory	55	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	21,930	19,950	1,870	75	35	1,905
Car, truck, van - as a driver	18,750	17,010	1,660	65	15	1,690
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,345	1,240	85	0	10	90
Public transit	535	495	35	0	0	35
Walked	820	760	60	10	0	60
Bicycle	220	205	10	0	10	10
Other method	265	245	20	0	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	21,930	19,950	1,870	70	35	1,905
Less than 15 minutes	7,460	6,655	765	20	15	775
15 to 29 minutes	7,925	7,240	635	35	15	655
30 to 44 minutes	4,175	3,865	300	10	10	305
45 to 59 minutes	1,005	935	70	0	0	70
60 minutes and over	1,370	1,260	100	10	0	105
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	21,935	19,955	1,870	70	35	1,905
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,815	1,620	180	10	0	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,070	3,730	315	10	10	320
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,095	4,570	500	20	10	510
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,600	4,140	450	10	0	460
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,115	1,945	140	10	15	145
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,240	3,950	280	15	0	280
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	51,055	46,015	4,630	190	220	4,725
Non-movers	44,320	39,755	4,220	145	195	4,295
Movers	6,735	6,255	410	45	25	430
Non-migrants	3,835	3,555	260	20	0	265
Migrants	2,895	2,700	150	30	20	165
Internal migrants	2,645	2,465	150	20	10	160
Intraprovincial migrants	2,480	2,345	105	20	15	115
Interprovincial migrants	165	120	45	0	0	45
External migrants	255	235	0	10	10	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	49,120	44,185	4,535	175	220	4,625
Non-movers	31,070	27,600	3,240	80	150	3,285
Movers	18,050	16,585	1,290	100	70	1,345
Non-migrants	9,880	8,970	850	40	20	870
Migrants	8,170	7,615	440	65	50	475
Internal migrants	7,330	6,830	435	45	20	455
Intraprovincial migrants	6,805	6,375	380	35	20	395
Interprovincial migrants	520	460	50	10	0	55
External migrants	840	785	10	25	30	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Welland, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.2%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.