Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Kitchener, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	230,000	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,515
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	230,005	221,140	2,795	1,425	4,635	3,515
0 to 14 years	40,785	38,930	360	475	1,015	600
0 to 4 years	13,580	12,655	120	40	765	140
5 to 9 years	14,005	13,530	140	175	160	220
10 to 14 years	13,200	12,745	105	255	90	230
15 to 64 years	158,910	154,235	1,895	875	1,910	2,330
15 to 19 years	13,215	12,800	160	175	75	245
20 to 24 years	16,145	15,865	115	90	70	165
25 to 29 years	18,460	18,095	155	75	140	190
30 to 34 years	17,870	17,420	195	105	145	245
35 to 39 years	16,355	15,880	240	90	135	290
40 to 44 years	15,330	14,920	135	85	190	175
45 to 49 years	15,945	15,535	200	55	160	230
50 to 54 years	17,095	16,505	240	70	280	270
55 to 59 years	15,470	14,820	260	55	335	285
60 to 64 years	13,030	12,385	205	70	370	240
65 years and over	30,305	27,975	540	75	1,710	580
65 to 69 years	10,640	9,980	185	30	450	200
70 to 74 years	7,320	6,805	145	30	335	160
75 to 79 years	5,385	4,915	105	0	355	115
80 to 84 years	3,850	3,460	55	10	330	60
85 years and over	3,115	2,820	50	10	245	50
85 to 89 years	2,270	2,090	35	0	135	40
90 to 94 years	725	625	10	0	90	10
95 to 99 years	115	100	0	0	15	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	38.5	38.3	44.0	29.2	48.4	not applicable ...
Median age	37.6	37.3	46.0	23.5	56.5	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	189,215	182,205	2,435	950	3,620	2,910
Married or living common law	108,475	104,190	1,410	555	2,315	1,690
Married	89,815	85,905	1,145	520	2,245	1,410
Living common law	18,660	18,285	265	35	75	280
Not married and not living common law	80,745	78,020	1,025	395	1,300	1,225
Never married	54,355	53,190	545	320	300	710
Separated	6,225	5,935	130	20	140	140
Divorced	11,985	11,595	225	25	140	235
Widowed	8,175	7,290	130	35	720	145
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	189,220	182,205	2,435	955	3,620	2,910
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,600	175,135	2,350	830	3,280	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,651	44,038	52,158	37,557	18,441	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,542	35,039	37,760	27,380	17,075	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,605	175,140	2,350	830	3,280	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,797	37,104	42,367	31,928	17,620	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,380	31,800	34,027	26,099	17,033	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	162,620	158,300	2,085	730	1,510	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,066	43,200	51,823	38,737	18,967	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,973	34,207	35,636	28,311	11,819	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,980	123,730	1,720	565	2,970	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,162	7,065	8,577	5,391	10,750	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,687	3,569	7,098	1,671	12,078	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	139,720	136,415	1,735	660	910	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,496	43,534	51,841	38,914	25,204	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,798	35,943	38,866	28,697	22,908	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.3	88.7	88.0	89.6	47.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.7	77.0	73.2	82.4	37.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.7	11.3	12.0	9.8	52.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	189,215	182,205	2,435	955	3,620	2,910
Without total income	7,615	7,070	85	120	340	145
With total income	181,600	175,135	2,355	835	3,280	2,770
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	96.7	87.4	90.6	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,165	22,805	265	185	910	355
$10,000 to $19,999	30,755	28,895	345	160	1,350	425
$20,000 to $29,999	25,705	24,760	335	105	510	380
$30,000 to $39,999	22,445	21,840	325	105	175	375
$40,000 to $49,999	20,650	20,130	260	60	205	290
$50,000 to $59,999	15,480	15,140	225	60	50	255
$60,000 to $69,999	11,470	11,215	160	40	55	180
$70,000 to $79,999	8,185	8,040	115	10	15	115
$80,000 to $89,999	6,205	6,100	70	30	0	85
$90,000 to $99,999	5,265	5,155	85	30	0	100
$100,000 and over	11,280	11,050	170	45	10	195
$100,000 to $149,999	8,220	8,060	120	30	10	130
$150,000 and over	3,055	2,985	50	20	0	65
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	189,220	182,210	2,435	950	3,620	2,915
Without after-tax income	7,610	7,065	85	120	340	140
With after-tax income	181,605	175,140	2,355	830	3,285	2,770
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	96.7	87.4	90.7	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,730	23,365	265	190	910	360
$10,000 to $19,999	32,250	30,370	370	160	1,355	450
$20,000 to $29,999	29,950	28,875	395	130	560	455
$30,000 to $39,999	27,595	26,855	390	95	250	440
$40,000 to $49,999	22,850	22,315	305	95	135	350
$50,000 to $59,999	15,350	15,050	230	30	40	245
$60,000 to $69,999	10,175	9,995	110	55	20	135
$70,000 to $79,999	7,320	7,170	115	35	0	135
$80,000 and over	11,380	11,145	175	50	10	200
$80,000 to $89,999	4,265	4,170	75	20	0	80
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	2,320	35	10	0	40
$100,000 and over	4,755	4,660	65	15	10	75
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	189,215	182,205	2,435	955	3,620	2,910
Without employment income	49,495	45,790	700	290	2,715	845
With employment income	139,720	136,415	1,735	660	905	2,065
Percentage with employment income	73.8	74.9	71.3	69.1	25.0	71.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,240	15,775	230	80	150	270
$5,000 to $9,999	10,725	10,440	115	95	70	165
$10,000 to $19,999	18,370	17,910	205	75	180	245
$20,000 to $29,999	15,425	15,025	155	95	150	205
$30,000 to $39,999	15,990	15,595	180	75	135	220
$40,000 to $49,999	15,840	15,485	185	45	130	210
$50,000 to $59,999	12,110	11,840	160	60	45	190
$60,000 to $69,999	9,030	8,855	135	15	25	140
$70,000 to $79,999	6,785	6,680	85	10	10	85
$80,000 and over	19,210	18,815	285	105	10	335
$80,000 to $89,999	5,425	5,335	60	35	0	75
$90,000 to $99,999	4,620	4,520	75	30	0	85
$100,000 and over	9,165	8,960	160	40	10	175
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	189,215	182,210	2,435	950	3,620	2,910
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	71,930	70,470	855	295	310	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,710	51,825	55,188	48,654	32,927	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	60,496	60,605	64,074	54,064	31,923	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	230,000	221,145	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,515
English only	210,130	210,130	0	0	0	0
French only	150	0	150	0	0	150
English and French	15,030	10,955	2,645	1,425	0	3,365
Neither English nor French	4,695	60	0	0	4,640	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
English	185,380	183,735	1,645	0	0	1,640
French	910	60	850	0	0	855
Non-official language	31,025	25,105	55	1,225	4,640	670
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	31,025	25,105	60	1,225	4,640	670
English and French	280	70	150	60	0	185
English and non-official language	12,095	12,080	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	40	0	40	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	270	95	40	140	0	110
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	230,005	221,145	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,510
None	196,995	190,600	1,470	645	4,280	1,790
English	13,475	12,210	415	635	215	735
French	1,850	1,090	730	30	0	745
Non-official language	17,085	16,780	125	40	140	145
Aboriginal	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,055	16,750	130	40	135	145
English and French	105	25	10	75	0	40
English and non-official language	250	225	10	0	10	15
French and non-official language	245	210	35	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	230,000	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
English	162,475	162,470	10	0	0	0
French	2,780	295	2,490	0	0	2,490
Non-official language	59,655	53,550	140	1,325	4,635	800
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	59,640	53,535	140	1,320	4,635	800
English and French	585	480	55	60	0	80
English and non-official language	4,265	4,270	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	145	35	115	0	0	115
English, French and non-official language	85	45	0	45	0	20
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
Official languages	225,305	221,080	2,795	1,425	0	3,510
English	225,155	221,080	2,650	1,425	0	3,360
French	15,175	10,955	2,800	1,425	0	3,515
Non-official languages	71,890	65,330	540	1,385	4,640	1,230
Aboriginal languages	60	60	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	71,825	65,265	535	1,385	4,640	1,230
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	4,410	4,240	170	0	0	170
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	4,190	4,030	160	0	0	160
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	2,780	2,755	25	0	0	30
Métis	1,345	1,215	125	0	0	125
Inuk (Inuit)	65	65	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	115	115	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	105	95	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	225,590	216,900	2,630	1,425	4,640	3,340
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	230,005	221,145	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,515
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,295	1,270	25	0	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	228,710	219,870	2,770	1,425	4,640	3,490
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	750	715	45	0	0	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	750	710	40	0	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	615	600	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	135	105	30	0	0	30
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	6,300	6,060	240	0	0	240
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	6,190	5,955	230	0	0	230
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,685	4,560	125	0	0	125
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,360	1,255	110	0	0	105
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	140	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	115	105	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	85	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	222,950	214,370	2,515	1,425	4,640	3,230
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	230,000	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,515
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	213,855	207,445	2,655	1,180	2,580	3,240
Canadian citizens only	200,990	195,715	2,435	755	2,085	2,810
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	12,865	11,735	220	425	490	435
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	16,145	13,690	150	245	2,060	270
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,640	3,510
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	166,040	162,630	2,335	460	610	2,570
Immigrants^Footnote 42	60,425	55,245	425	930	3,835	885
Before 1981	15,465	14,995	45	50	370	70
1981 to 1990	8,165	7,605	15	55	490	40
1991 to 2000	13,220	12,270	70	210	665	180
2001 to 2010	15,665	14,125	195	455	900	420
2001 to 2005	7,720	7,075	105	200	345	205
2006 to 2010	7,940	7,045	90	255	555	220
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	7,915	6,250	100	155	1,405	180
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	3,535	3,270	40	30	195	55
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	60,430	55,240	425	930	3,835	890
Under 5 years	6,765	6,370	60	145	190	135
5 to 14 years	11,705	11,160	75	200	265	175
15 to 24 years	13,075	12,680	30	100	265	80
25 to 44 years	24,485	22,395	230	420	1,445	440
45 years and over	4,400	2,635	30	65	1,670	60
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	60,425	55,240	425	930	3,835	885
Americas	9,565	9,100	70	130	260	140
Brazil	235	225	0	10	0	0
Colombia	1,195	1,085	15	30	60	30
El Salvador	1,315	1,160	0	35	125	15
Guyana	1,215	1,215	0	0	0	0
Haiti	30	0	30	0	0	30
Jamaica	1,135	1,135	0	0	0	0
Mexico	435	425	0	10	0	0
Peru	90	80	0	0	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	310	315	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,700	1,650	20	25	0	35
Other places of birth in Americas	1,905	1,820	10	15	65	10
Europe	26,085	24,500	145	445	995	365
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,645	2,405	0	45	200	20
Croatia	1,535	1,475	10	10	50	0
France	165	75	90	0	0	90
Germany	2,455	2,440	10	10	0	10
Greece	325	310	0	0	15	0
Hungary	420	400	0	0	15	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	175	175	0	0	0	0
Italy	420	410	0	0	10	0
Netherlands	645	625	15	0	0	15
Poland	2,485	2,395	0	0	85	0
Portugal	2,015	1,745	0	10	260	10
Romania	3,660	3,205	0	245	205	125
Russian Federation	305	285	0	10	15	10
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,825	1,730	0	25	75	15
Ukraine	390	345	0	20	20	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	4,070	4,070	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,540	2,400	30	55	55	55
Africa	4,700	4,175	175	100	255	225
Algeria	20	10	10	0	0	10
Egypt	515	410	45	45	30	65
Ethiopia	780	710	0	15	50	10
Kenya	245	240	0	0	10	10
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	150	150	0	0	0	0
Somalia	615	550	0	10	55	10
South Africa, Republic of	165	165	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,205	1,945	115	25	120	130
Asia	19,995	17,385	30	260	2,320	165
Afghanistan	980	875	0	10	100	10
Bangladesh	355	350	0	10	0	10
China^Footnote 51	2,015	1,660	0	20	335	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	235	240	0	0	0	0
India	3,830	3,535	0	35	265	15
Iran^Footnote 53	700	650	0	20	25	10
Iraq	1,270	1,090	0	10	175	0
Japan	45	40	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	480	435	0	0	35	0
Lebanon	275	220	10	25	25	20
Pakistan	1,290	1,225	0	15	40	10
Philippines	1,140	1,140	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	350	345	0	0	10	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,075	595	0	0	470	0
Taiwan	120	105	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	2,065	1,670	0	20	385	10
Other places of birth in Asia	3,770	3,200	25	100	450	80
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	85	85	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	7,910	6,245	105	155	1,410	180
Americas	975	885	15	30	45	30
Brazil	30	35	0	0	0	0
Colombia	185	160	0	10	20	0
Cuba	85	60	0	0	15	0
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaica	75	75	0	0	0	0
Mexico	60	60	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	250	240	0	15	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	35	25	0	0	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	235	235	0	0	0	0
Europe	970	765	30	70	105	65
France	25	0	20	0	0	25
Germany	40	40	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	15	15	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	30	15	0	15	0	10
Romania	210	150	0	35	25	15
Russian Federation	35	30	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	65	50	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	95	95	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	455	370	10	15	60	10
Africa	1,155	950	35	20	150	45
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	130	105	10	10	0	15
Eritrea	340	275	0	0	65	0
Ethiopia	195	165	0	0	30	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	60	0	0	0	0
Somalia	190	155	0	0	30	10
South Africa, Republic of	40	40	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	145	10	0	20	15
Asia	4,800	3,630	20	40	1,110	35
Afghanistan	195	170	0	0	20	0
Bangladesh	65	65	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	425	275	0	0	145	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	15	15	0	0	0	0
India	925	845	0	0	85	0
Iran^Footnote 65	230	200	0	10	15	10
Iraq	600	480	0	0	115	0
Israel	35	35	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	35	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	40	15	0	0	15	10
Nepal	55	30	20	10	0	20
Pakistan	235	220	0	0	10	0
Philippines	320	320	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	60	65	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	65	60	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	725	265	0	0	460	0
Taiwan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Turkey	70	40	0	0	30	0
United Arab Emirates	25	20	0	0	0	10
Viet Nam	205	145	0	0	55	0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	305	0	10	145	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	15	20	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,510
First generation^Footnote 71	65,020	59,505	490	970	4,050	975
Second generation^Footnote 72	48,990	47,745	275	415	555	485
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	115,990	113,890	2,035	40	30	2,055
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	45,690	40,900	385	880	3,530	825
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	15,725	14,760	205	495	265	455
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	5,885	5,465	90	220	115	200
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	9,840	9,300	115	280	150	255
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	12,415	10,925	85	120	1,285	145
Refugees^Footnote 79	17,155	14,880	95	250	1,925	220
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	390	330	0	15	50	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	230,000	221,145	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,510
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	50,200	45,770	455	630	3,345	770
South Asian^Footnote 83	11,400	10,700	20	155	530	95
Chinese	4,735	4,220	0	35	480	15
Black	9,535	8,915	280	65	275	315
Filipino	1,580	1,570	0	0	10	0
Latin American	5,920	5,435	20	160	305	100
Arab	4,155	3,160	50	90	855	95
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	5,190	4,570	40	55	525	70
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,685	2,460	0	45	175	20
Korean	1,025	955	0	10	65	0
Japanese	325	315	0	0	10	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,880	1,830	0	10	45	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,770	1,645	45	0	70	50
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	179,805	175,370	2,340	800	1,290	2,745
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	230,005	221,140	2,800	1,425	4,635	3,510
North American Aboriginal origins	7,055	6,775	280	0	0	280
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,410	5,270	140	0	0	135
Inuit	170	160	10	0	0	10
Métis	1,590	1,445	145	0	0	145
Other North American origins	56,365	54,940	1,295	55	70	1,325
Acadian	250	200	50	0	0	50
American	2,225	2,190	10	20	0	20
Canadian	54,490	53,125	1,255	40	70	1,270
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	435	440	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Québécois	90	75	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	159,995	156,050	1,815	795	1,335	2,210
British Isles origins	88,365	87,890	435	10	30	440
Channel Islander	20	20	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	10	0	0	0	0
English	48,350	48,095	230	10	25	230
Irish	37,630	37,435	185	0	0	185
Manx	45	40	0	0	0	0
Scottish	37,190	37,095	90	0	0	95
Welsh	3,835	3,825	0	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	6,590	6,560	20	10	0	25
French origins	20,900	19,215	1,625	45	20	1,650
Alsatian	120	115	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	20,790	19,100	1,630	45	15	1,650
Western European origins (except French origins)	60,635	60,330	170	80	60	210
Austrian	1,990	1,985	10	0	0	10
Bavarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	790	770	25	0	0	20
Dutch	9,815	9,770	25	15	10	35
Flemish	60	55	0	10	0	0
Frisian	60	65	0	0	0	0
German	51,050	50,835	105	55	50	135
Luxembourger	50	50	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,110	2,080	30	0	10	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,725	3,685	25	10	10	30
Danish	765	765	0	0	0	0
Finnish	805	795	10	10	0	10
Icelandic	150	155	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,015	1,010	0	0	10	0
Swedish	980	950	15	10	0	25
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	230	230	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	31,615	30,655	100	440	415	320
Bulgarian	200	190	10	0	0	10
Byelorussian	225	215	0	10	0	10
Czech	1,085	1,070	0	0	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	295	295	0	0	0	0
Estonian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,920	3,870	15	10	30	20
Latvian	385	385	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	530	520	0	0	10	0
Moldovan	95	75	0	20	0	15
Polish	12,595	12,425	30	25	110	40
Romanian	6,405	5,875	0	325	205	160
Russian	3,210	3,140	10	40	20	30
Slovak	965	935	15	0	15	15
Ukrainian	5,715	5,600	40	25	50	50
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	95	100	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	29,745	28,430	130	300	890	280
Albanian	975	895	0	0	75	10
Bosnian	1,100	1,020	0	15	65	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	3,000	2,910	0	20	70	10
Cypriot	400	395	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,985	1,930	0	15	40	10
Italian	7,615	7,485	65	25	45	75
Kosovar	105	100	0	10	0	0
Macedonian	340	325	10	10	0	10
Maltese	270	270	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	120	120	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	6,430	6,115	20	20	265	30
Serbian	5,435	5,025	15	155	240	90
Sicilian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	710	705	0	0	10	0
Spanish	2,835	2,635	40	60	105	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	970	945	0	0	25	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,070	1,040	10	10	20	10
Basque	60	55	0	0	0	10
Jewish	525	505	0	10	20	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	60	55	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	415	415	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	5,160	5,040	60	15	35	70
Antiguan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	280	280	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	400	355	10	10	30	15
Dominican	140	125	0	0	10	0
Grenadian	100	95	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	70	25	45	0	0	45
Jamaican	2,980	2,975	10	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	25	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	625	625	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	65	55	0	15	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	480	475	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	150	150	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	7,855	7,375	35	180	270	120
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	170	150	0	10	15	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	10	0	10	0	0
Brazilian	285	270	0	10	10	10
Chilean	250	250	0	0	0	0
Colombian	1,655	1,475	20	80	90	55
Costa Rican	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	90	80	0	10	10	0
Guatemalan	425	410	0	0	15	0
Guyanese	1,425	1,425	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	200	195	0	0	0	0
Honduran	105	105	0	0	0	0
Maya	65	60	0	0	10	0
Mexican	725	685	10	25	10	20
Nicaraguan	390	375	0	10	15	0
Panamanian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	125	100	0	10	15	0
Salvadorean	1,540	1,425	0	30	85	15
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	175	140	10	10	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	435	410	0	0	25	0
African origins	8,040	7,190	380	135	335	450
Central and West African origins	830	655	170	0	10	170
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	0	25	0	0	25
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	135	40	95	0	0	95
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	120	115	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	250	245	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	65	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	120	80	40	0	0	40
North African origins	1,795	1,620	70	65	40	100
Algerian	50	40	10	10	0	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	815	685	50	55	25	75
Libyan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	70	65	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	825	815	0	0	15	10
Tunisian	20	0	10	10	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	20	20	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	4,035	3,665	80	70	220	115
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	25	15	10	0	0	10
Burundian	35	0	35	0	0	35
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,280	1,205	0	10	65	0
Ethiopian	1,100	1,030	0	20	55	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	70	70	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	15	15	0	0	25
Oromo	30	25	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	50	40	15	0	0	15
Seychellois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,140	1,005	10	30	90	25
South African	150	150	0	0	0	10
Tanzanian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	40	35	0	0	10	0
Ugandan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	45	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	145	145	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,610	1,480	60	0	70	60
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	140	140	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,470	1,335	60	0	70	65
Asian origins	34,940	31,740	75	395	2,735	270
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,245	7,965	15	170	1,080	105
Afghan	1,570	1,410	0	30	130	15
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	740	515	0	10	220	0
Armenian	400	370	0	0	20	0
Assyrian	105	95	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	80	75	0	0	0	0
Georgian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hazara	40	40	0	0	0	0
Iranian	980	890	10	40	40	20
Iraqi	1,020	845	0	0	165	0
Israeli	85	85	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	230	230	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	665	615	0	15	30	10
Kuwaiti	45	40	0	0	10	0
Kyrgyz	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	865	810	10	40	10	30
Palestinian	595	520	0	25	50	10
Pashtun	35	30	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	95	80	0	0	15	0
Syrian	1,050	590	0	15	440	10
Tajik	135	125	0	0	10	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	1,040	1,015	0	15	10	10
Turkmen	40	35	0	0	10	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	35	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	25	20	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	330	255	0	0	65	0
South Asian origins	11,820	11,140	25	140	515	95
Bangladeshi	335	330	0	0	0	0
Bengali	95	75	0	0	15	0
Bhutanese	135	50	0	40	50	20
East Indian	8,390	8,075	10	65	240	35
Goan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	190	145	0	10	30	10
Kashmiri	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nepali	300	195	25	35	50	40
Pakistani	1,375	1,320	0	0	50	10
Punjabi	705	620	0	20	75	10
Sinhalese	70	70	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	355	335	0	0	15	0
Tamil	155	150	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	595	545	0	10	40	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	14,110	12,840	30	85	1,150	75
Burmese	495	420	0	0	65	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	360	325	10	0	25	10
Chinese	6,015	5,430	10	30	545	20
Filipino	1,810	1,805	0	0	0	0
Hmong	435	425	0	0	10	0
Indonesian	185	185	0	0	0	0
Japanese	430	415	0	0	15	0
Karen	85	65	0	0	20	0
Korean	1,055	985	0	10	65	0
Laotian	995	940	0	0	55	0
Malaysian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	75	75	0	0	0	0
Thai	210	195	0	0	10	10
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,335	2,865	15	45	415	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	40	35	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	135	130	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	135	130	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	240	230	10	0	0	10
Australian	195	185	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	35	30	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	189,215	182,210	2,435	950	3,620	2,910
No certificate, diploma or degree	35,100	32,110	470	195	2,330	565
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	54,900	53,390	610	160	745	690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,215	96,710	1,355	600	545	1,660
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,240	11,925	115	50	145	145
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	5,780	5,630	45	20	90	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	6,455	6,295	75	30	60	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,750	40,895	620	65	175	650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,145	3,030	70	20	20	80
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	42,080	40,860	550	465	200	785
Bachelor's degree	28,400	27,760	300	215	130	405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,800	2,680	40	60	25	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	880	820	10	20	25	20
Master's degree	8,390	8,120	115	135	15	185
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,610	1,470	90	35	10	110
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	189,215	182,210	2,435	950	3,620	2,910
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	90,000	85,495	1,080	350	3,080	1,260
Education	4,745	4,560	95	45	45	120
13. Education	4,745	4,555	100	40	45	120
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,580	3,470	65	25	25	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	710	690	20	0	0	20
50. Visual and performing arts	2,870	2,780	45	20	25	55
Humanities	6,660	6,415	105	100	40	155
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	555	475	30	45	0	50
23. English language and literature/letters	1,800	1,770	25	10	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,390	1,355	15	0	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	70	65	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	545	540	0	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	950	930	10	0	10	10
54. History	1,040	1,025	0	10	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	310	255	25	25	10	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,920	11,665	160	65	35	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	125	0	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,300	1,280	20	0	0	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,210	2,180	20	10	0	25
22. Legal professions and studies	1,590	1,535	15	30	10	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	280	275	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,025	1,990	35	0	0	35
45. Social sciences	4,370	4,275	55	20	20	65
Business, management and public administration	19,195	18,765	270	80	80	310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	50	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,045	2,025	15	10	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,100	16,685	255	75	80	295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,750	3,625	45	40	35	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,550	1,510	20	15	10	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	845	830	10	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	40	35	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,150	1,090	20	25	20	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	165	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,690	5,530	100	45	10	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,195	4,065	80	35	10	100
25. Library science	220	210	10	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	1,125	15	0	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	130	130	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,080	21,520	265	125	160	330
04. Architecture and related services	710	695	15	0	0	15
14. Engineering	5,710	5,520	60	90	35	105
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,925	4,815	75	10	35	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,645	3,580	40	10	15	45
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,745	3,665	30	0	45	35
48. Precision production	3,345	3,250	45	20	25	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	1,505	20	0	10	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	845	820	10	10	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	685	10	0	0	10
Health and related fields	13,770	13,500	155	50	65	180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,375	1,375	0	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	12,170	11,920	150	45	60	175
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	220	210	0	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,110	5,980	75	15	35	80
12. Personal and culinary services	3,525	3,440	40	10	30	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	40	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,725	1,700	25	0	0	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	805	785	10	0	0	15
Other	170	175	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	175	175	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	189,215	182,205	2,435	950	3,620	2,910
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90,005	85,500	1,080	355	3,075	1,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	99,215	96,710	1,360	600	545	1,655
Location of study inside Canada	81,045	79,640	1,165	220	20	1,275
Same as province or territory of residence	76,500	75,425	885	185	10	975
Different than province or territory of residence	4,545	4,215	280	35	10	300
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	18,170	17,075	190	380	525	380
United States^Footnote 130	2,140	2,100	35	0	0	35
Philippines	635	635	0	0	0	0
India	2,215	2,180	0	10	30	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,345	1,345	0	0	0	10
China^Footnote 132	930	795	10	0	120	10
France	85	15	65	0	0	65
Other	10,820	10,000	80	365	375	260
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	189,215	182,205	2,435	950	3,620	not applicable ...
In the labour force	130,080	127,160	1,545	650	725	not applicable ...
Employed	121,190	118,485	1,470	600	635	not applicable ...
Unemployed	8,885	8,675	80	50	85	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	59,140	55,050	890	305	2,895	not applicable ...
Participation rate	68.7	69.8	63.4	68.4	20.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	64.0	65.0	60.4	63.2	17.5	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.8	5.2	7.7	11.7	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	189,215	182,210	2,435	955	3,620	2,910
Did not work^Footnote 135	56,005	52,020	850	330	2,800	1,010
Worked	133,215	130,190	1,590	625	815	1,900
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	73,210	71,700	870	295	340	1,020
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	60,010	58,485	715	325	480	880
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.7	43.7	42.3	39.6	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	137,410	134,225	1,635	675	870	1,980
a.Management	12,690	12,410	190	45	40	210
00 Senior management occupations	1,225	1,190	30	0	0	30
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,550	4,425	90	25	10	100
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,645	4,570	45	15	15	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,265	2,220	25	0	15	30
b.Professional	23,990	23,490	285	200	10	385
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,135	4,080	40	15	0	45
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,220	7,100	70	55	0	95
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,885	1,855	10	15	0	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,355	1,330	15	15	0	20
40 Professional occupations in education services	5,250	5,070	115	65	0	150
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,815	2,765	15	25	10	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,335	1,295	20	10	0	35
c.Technical and paraprofessional	12,580	12,290	180	70	40	220
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	4,400	4,280	65	30	15	85
32 Technical occupations in health	2,355	2,305	40	0	10	45
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,855	2,810	25	15	0	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	560	560	0	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,410	2,330	50	20	10	55
d.Administration and administrative support	15,865	15,605	210	50	0	235
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,030	5,950	75	0	0	75
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,655	1,620	25	15	0	30
14 Office support occupations	5,270	5,150	90	25	0	105
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,910	2,885	20	0	0	20
e.Sales	13,810	13,595	165	35	15	185
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,290	3,215	60	15	0	65
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	6,175	6,085	60	15	10	65
66 Sales support occupations	4,355	4,295	50	10	0	45
f.Personal and customer information services	24,285	23,555	330	140	260	405
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,435	2,410	15	0	0	20
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,655	2,555	60	10	30	65
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	4,085	3,985	35	15	40	45
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	6,505	6,305	120	55	30	145
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	8,600	8,300	105	45	155	125
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	10,155	9,980	70	45	60	90
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	7,075	6,925	50	40	60	75
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	3,075	3,055	15	0	0	20
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	9,470	9,255	105	25	80	125
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,710	2,660	35	10	10	35
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	5,085	4,965	50	25	40	70
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,680	1,630	20	0	30	20
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,490	1,440	10	0	40	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	255	250	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	340	315	0	0	25	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	895	880	0	0	20	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,070	12,600	90	55	325	115
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,285	1,280	10	0	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,270	3,145	35	20	65	45
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,120	4,960	35	20	105	50
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,395	3,215	15	10	150	20
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	137,410	134,225	1,635	680	870	1,975
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	640	590	10	0	40	10
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	545	495	0	0	40	10
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	25	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	65	65	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135	130	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	0	10	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	75	75	10	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	50	50	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	395	380	10	0	0	10
221 Utilities	395	380	10	0	0	10
23 Construction	9,015	8,820	80	45	70	105
236 Construction of buildings	2,295	2,255	15	10	10	20
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	800	780	10	0	15	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	5,920	5,785	60	35	40	80
31-33 Manufacturing	22,580	21,885	245	110	340	305
311 Food manufacturing	3,100	2,920	35	15	130	45
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	305	300	10	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	60	60	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	125	120	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	180	175	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	305	295	0	0	0	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	340	340	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	410	395	0	10	0	15
323 Printing and related support activities	375	355	10	0	0	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	65	65	10	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	485	480	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,755	1,695	20	10	25	30
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	445	440	0	0	10	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	375	365	0	10	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,650	2,600	20	15	15	25
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,160	2,070	40	20	25	50
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	865	840	10	10	0	20
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	625	595	15	10	15	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,400	6,270	45	0	80	50
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	830	815	0	10	15	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	715	685	15	0	15	15
41 Wholesale trade	5,210	5,055	100	15	35	105
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	130	120	0	0	15	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	70	65	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	925	910	10	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	590	570	10	10	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	560	535	10	0	10	15
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,265	1,260	0	0	10	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,095	1,045	40	10	0	45
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	415	405	0	10	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	160	145	15	0	0	15
44-45 Retail trade	15,385	15,135	180	30	35	195
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,775	1,750	15	0	0	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	580	560	20	10	0	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	625	615	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,130	1,115	20	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	3,820	3,765	35	0	15	35
446 Health and personal care stores	1,205	1,180	10	10	0	10
447 Gasoline stations	290	285	0	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,685	1,665	15	0	0	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	740	730	0	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,980	1,940	35	10	0	35
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,115	1,100	10	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	450	435	10	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,815	5,705	50	40	20	65
481 Air transportation	150	145	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	40	45	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	2,370	2,325	15	10	15	20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,135	1,115	10	15	10	15
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	540	520	20	0	0	25
491 Postal service	435	430	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	535	530	0	10	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	585	585	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,985	3,930	40	20	0	45
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,805	1,775	20	10	0	30
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	280	275	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	180	180	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,060	1,040	10	10	0	15
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	100	105	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	570	560	0	10	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	8,515	8,290	175	50	0	200
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,020	1,965	45	10	0	50
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	725	730	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	5,750	5,585	135	40	0	150
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	20	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,110	2,065	40	10	0	40
531 Real estate	1,715	1,685	25	10	0	30
532 Rental and leasing services	395	380	10	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,060	9,850	125	80	10	165
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,060	9,850	120	80	10	165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	195	195	0	0	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	200	195	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,790	6,605	65	20	100	80
561 Administrative and support services	6,430	6,260	60	20	90	70
562 Waste management and remediation services	360	345	10	0	0	0
61 Educational services	11,000	10,695	220	75	0	260
611 Educational services	11,000	10,700	220	75	10	260
62 Health care and social assistance	13,905	13,710	90	75	25	130
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,070	4,010	40	15	0	50
622 Hospitals	3,225	3,180	20	25	0	35
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	3,600	3,560	15	10	10	25
624 Social assistance	3,005	2,960	15	15	20	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,260	2,210	20	25	10	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	665	635	15	10	10	20
712 Heritage institutions	185	175	0	10	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,410	1,395	0	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	9,590	9,335	100	60	95	130
721 Accommodation services	670	645	10	0	10	10
722 Food services and drinking places	8,920	8,690	90	55	90	115
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,335	5,205	45	25	65	55
811 Repair and maintenance	1,725	1,700	10	10	15	10
812 Personal and laundry services	1,810	1,775	10	15	15	20
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,420	1,380	30	0	10	30
814 Private households	380	350	0	0	25	0
91 Public administration	4,490	4,430	50	10	0	55
911 Federal government public administration	1,140	1,105	30	10	0	30
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	575	575	0	0	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,750	2,725	15	0	0	20
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	10	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	121,190	118,490	1,470	600	635	1,770
Worked at home	6,540	6,360	120	30	30	135
Worked outside Canada	415	400	0	15	0	10
No fixed workplace address	12,175	11,880	155	40	95	175
Worked at usual place	102,060	99,845	1,185	510	510	1,445
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	137,410	134,225	1,635	680	870	1,975
English	135,090	132,705	1,365	585	440	1,650
French	385	180	170	30	0	185
Non-official language	900	540	0	10	345	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	895	540	0	15	350	10
English and French	285	155	100	30	0	115
English and non-official language	740	630	10	15	85	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	0	15	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	137,415	134,225	1,640	680	875	1,975
None	132,465	130,095	1,120	565	695	1,400
English	580	385	130	30	40	145
French	1,455	1,045	370	35	0	390
Non-official language	2,825	2,645	10	35	135	25
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,820	2,640	10	35	135	25
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	70	50	10	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	102,060	99,845	1,190	515	510	1,445
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,890	47,935	585	215	155	695
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	38,995	38,125	460	200	210	565
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,940	13,570	135	85	145	180
Commute to a different province or territory	235	220	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	114,230	111,730	1,350	555	605	1,620
Car, truck, van - as a driver	91,180	89,350	1,080	380	370	1,275
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,910	7,625	70	65	150	100
Public transit	8,375	8,145	90	80	60	135
Walked	4,855	4,765	60	20	10	65
Bicycle	1,180	1,145	30	0	10	30
Other method	730	700	20	0	10	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	114,230	111,730	1,345	555	605	1,620
Less than 15 minutes	32,070	31,485	355	105	120	410
15 to 29 minutes	52,385	51,280	645	260	200	775
30 to 44 minutes	16,835	16,430	160	85	160	205
45 to 59 minutes	5,380	5,245	50	45	35	70
60 minutes and over	7,565	7,290	130	65	80	160
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	114,235	111,730	1,345	555	600	1,625
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,195	8,000	85	30	75	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,325	19,910	190	65	160	225
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,410	25,835	370	150	55	445
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25,350	24,860	300	165	30	380
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,560	12,280	145	50	90	170
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	21,400	20,845	260	95	200	305
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	227,325	218,735	2,765	1,420	4,405	3,475
Non-movers	192,775	186,185	2,365	1,120	3,105	2,920
Movers	34,545	32,545	405	300	1,290	555
Non-migrants	20,275	19,705	180	125	265	240
Migrants	14,270	12,845	225	175	1,030	315
Internal migrants	11,150	10,635	205	145	170	275
Intraprovincial migrants	9,725	9,415	115	80	115	155
Interprovincial migrants	1,420	1,220	85	65	55	120
External migrants	3,125	2,210	25	25	860	40
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	216,420	208,485	2,680	1,380	3,875	3,370
Non-movers	126,000	122,090	1,485	630	1,790	1,805
Movers	90,415	86,390	1,195	750	2,080	1,565
Non-migrants	53,175	51,695	570	330	575	735
Migrants	37,240	34,700	625	415	1,505	830
Internal migrants	27,910	26,885	530	280	215	670
Intraprovincial migrants	25,095	24,405	380	145	160	455
Interprovincial migrants	2,820	2,480	150	135	55	215
External migrants	9,330	7,815	95	135	1,290	165

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Kitchener, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.