Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Essex
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	391,005	371,450	10,070	2,500	6,990	11,315
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	391,000	371,445	10,070	2,495	6,990	11,315
0 to 14 years	66,675	63,820	695	905	1,255	1,145
0 to 4 years	20,250	19,125	150	110	865	200
5 to 9 years	22,600	21,760	220	370	255	400
10 to 14 years	23,820	22,935	335	415	135	540
15 to 64 years	258,480	248,325	5,865	1,410	2,880	6,570
15 to 19 years	25,020	24,185	390	340	105	560
20 to 24 years	26,915	26,270	335	170	140	420
25 to 29 years	23,060	22,385	305	105	255	360
30 to 34 years	21,485	20,845	340	85	210	385
35 to 39 years	22,665	21,850	410	110	295	465
40 to 44 years	25,525	24,580	570	125	250	630
45 to 49 years	27,680	26,525	700	155	300	780
50 to 54 years	30,865	29,450	920	140	355	990
55 to 59 years	29,580	27,940	1,100	85	455	1,140
60 to 64 years	25,685	24,295	785	95	515	830
65 years and over	65,850	59,305	3,505	185	2,850	3,600
65 to 69 years	22,890	21,305	960	60	570	990
70 to 74 years	16,095	14,545	950	30	565	965
75 to 79 years	11,640	10,210	690	50	685	715
80 to 84 years	8,315	7,185	565	30	535	580
85 years and over	6,910	6,065	350	0	495	350
85 to 89 years	4,770	4,195	235	0	335	240
90 to 94 years	1,780	1,545	105	10	130	110
95 to 99 years	315	285	10	0	25	0
100 years and over	45	35	0	0	10	0
Average age	40.9	40.4	53.4	29.0	51.3	not applicable ...
Median age	41.9	41.3	56.6	20.1	58.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	324,325	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,165
Married or living common law	184,455	174,030	5,980	720	3,730	6,335
Married	160,890	151,340	5,210	685	3,650	5,550
Living common law	23,565	22,690	770	30	70	780
Not married and not living common law	139,875	133,600	3,390	875	2,000	3,835
Never married	90,665	87,950	1,545	705	460	1,895
Separated	9,915	9,375	285	55	195	315
Divorced	21,220	20,310	635	100	170	690
Widowed	18,075	15,960	920	20	1,180	930
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	309,265	293,530	9,105	1,395	5,230	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,139	44,669	44,121	32,194	17,664	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,104	33,638	36,531	22,174	15,347	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	309,395	293,645	9,120	1,395	5,235	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,436	37,829	37,913	28,850	16,850	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,237	30,724	33,350	20,923	15,307	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	270,515	258,980	8,100	1,155	2,275	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,419	43,821	40,117	31,217	15,621	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,303	31,624	31,045	18,993	7,214	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	234,755	221,415	7,260	1,105	4,975	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,116	7,962	10,562	8,049	11,425	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,173	5,873	11,034	4,500	12,671	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,590	215,690	5,900	955	1,060	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,020	42,245	39,081	28,834	24,359	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,267	30,449	29,943	17,746	16,509	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	86.0	86.6	80.9	80.3	38.5	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	68.8	69.5	57.3	61.0	27.8	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	14.0	13.4	19.1	19.8	61.5	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,170
Without total income	15,060	14,105	265	200	500	365
With total income	309,265	293,530	9,105	1,395	5,230	9,805
Percentage with total income	95.4	95.4	97.2	87.5	91.3	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	46,445	43,535	1,015	360	1,530	1,195
$10,000 to $19,999	53,600	49,715	1,465	270	2,150	1,595
$20,000 to $29,999	42,695	40,210	1,355	230	895	1,475
$30,000 to $39,999	36,150	34,505	1,170	130	340	1,240
$40,000 to $49,999	34,300	32,905	1,140	115	145	1,195
$50,000 to $59,999	24,220	23,260	810	85	60	855
$60,000 to $69,999	17,450	16,820	520	70	40	560
$70,000 to $79,999	13,190	12,690	440	25	40	455
$80,000 to $89,999	10,880	10,440	405	35	0	420
$90,000 to $99,999	8,615	8,295	290	20	10	305
$100,000 and over	21,725	21,170	490	50	15	515
$100,000 to $149,999	15,015	14,615	370	25	0	380
$150,000 and over	6,715	6,555	120	25	10	135
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	324,325	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,165
Without after-tax income	14,930	13,985	250	195	500	355
With after-tax income	309,395	293,645	9,115	1,400	5,230	9,820
Percentage with after-tax income	95.4	95.5	97.3	87.8	91.3	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	47,735	44,780	1,070	365	1,535	1,245
$10,000 to $19,999	56,040	52,020	1,545	290	2,185	1,690
$20,000 to $29,999	49,885	47,170	1,540	245	935	1,665
$30,000 to $39,999	44,335	42,425	1,445	140	320	1,520
$40,000 to $49,999	35,960	34,510	1,200	110	140	1,255
$50,000 to $59,999	23,900	22,940	780	125	55	845
$60,000 to $69,999	16,735	16,090	570	35	40	580
$70,000 to $79,999	12,335	11,865	450	20	0	455
$80,000 and over	22,465	21,865	525	65	25	555
$80,000 to $89,999	7,325	7,080	215	25	10	230
$90,000 to $99,999	3,980	3,860	110	10	0	110
$100,000 and over	11,165	10,920	195	40	15	215
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	324,325	307,630	9,370	1,600	5,730	10,170
Without employment income	100,735	91,945	3,470	645	4,675	3,795
With employment income	223,595	215,685	5,895	950	1,055	6,375
Percentage with employment income	68.9	70.1	62.9	59.4	18.4	62.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	41,050	39,160	1,445	240	205	1,565
$5,000 to $9,999	17,470	16,860	375	90	145	420
$10,000 to $19,999	28,865	27,835	620	180	235	710
$20,000 to $29,999	23,655	22,845	510	105	185	560
$30,000 to $39,999	22,635	21,905	515	95	120	565
$40,000 to $49,999	19,610	18,920	585	25	75	600
$50,000 to $59,999	15,265	14,805	375	65	20	415
$60,000 to $69,999	11,785	11,465	255	45	20	280
$70,000 to $79,999	10,185	9,815	330	20	20	340
$80,000 and over	33,075	32,085	880	80	30	915
$80,000 to $89,999	8,480	8,180	275	25	10	285
$90,000 to $99,999	7,270	6,970	270	20	10	280
$100,000 and over	17,325	16,935	335	30	15	350
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,165
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	100,680	97,555	2,530	310	290	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	52,515	52,520	56,014	51,587	32,781	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	63,848	63,917	64,448	56,727	43,069	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	391,000	371,450	10,065	2,495	6,990	11,320
English only	345,225	345,230	0	0	0	0
French only	365	0	365	0	0	365
English and French	38,265	26,065	9,700	2,500	0	10,950
Neither English nor French	7,150	160	10	0	6,985	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	391,000	371,445	10,070	2,495	6,985	11,320
English	328,905	322,050	6,855	0	0	6,855
French	2,680	185	2,490	0	0	2,490
Non-official language	41,810	32,830	170	1,820	6,985	1,080
Aboriginal	10	10	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,795	32,825	175	1,815	6,990	1,080
English and French	1,015	315	320	385	0	510
English and non-official language	15,995	15,920	75	0	0	75
French and non-official language	140	20	120	0	0	120
English, French and non-official language	455	125	35	290	0	180
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	391,005	371,445	10,070	2,495	6,990	11,315
None	338,020	324,105	6,210	1,385	6,325	6,900
English	18,390	15,955	1,255	825	345	1,670
French	7,465	5,170	2,235	60	0	2,270
Non-official language	26,125	25,505	230	75	320	265
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	26,120	25,505	225	70	320	265
English and French	170	15	15	145	0	85
English and non-official language	370	285	85	0	0	85
French and non-official language	455	410	40	0	0	45
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	391,000	371,450	10,065	2,495	6,985	11,320
English	286,710	286,710	0	0	0	0
French	10,680	1,180	9,505	0	0	9,505
Non-official language	84,800	75,580	235	1,990	6,985	1,235
Aboriginal	30	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	84,765	75,555	235	1,990	6,990	1,235
English and French	1,870	1,475	25	365	0	210
English and non-official language	6,200	6,205	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	380	80	300	0	0	300
English, French and non-official language	365	225	0	135	0	70
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	391,005	371,450	10,070	2,500	6,990	11,315
Official languages	383,855	371,290	10,060	2,495	0	11,310
English	383,485	371,290	9,700	2,495	0	10,945
French	38,625	26,065	10,065	2,500	0	11,310
Non-official languages	104,210	93,815	1,210	2,200	6,990	2,310
Aboriginal languages	85	80	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	104,125	93,730	1,205	2,195	6,990	2,305
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	391,000	371,450	10,070	2,495	6,985	11,315
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	9,870	9,210	600	60	0	630
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	9,360	8,745	565	50	0	590
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	4,390	4,235	130	25	0	145
Métis	4,910	4,450	430	25	0	445
Inuk (Inuit)	60	60	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	235	220	15	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	270	245	25	10	0	25
Non-Aboriginal identity	381,135	362,235	9,470	2,440	6,990	10,690
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	391,000	371,445	10,070	2,500	6,990	11,320
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	2,560	2,415	105	45	0	125
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	388,440	369,035	9,965	2,450	6,990	11,195
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	391,005	371,450	10,065	2,500	6,990	11,315
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	1,485	1,365	115	0	0	120
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	1,460	1,340	110	10	0	110
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	1,000	960	45	0	0	45
Métis single ancestry	440	370	70	0	0	65
Inuit single ancestry	10	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	25	20	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	25	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	15,640	14,780	810	45	0	835
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	15,435	14,615	780	45	0	805
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,825	10,410	380	30	0	395
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,540	4,125	400	10	0	405
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	75	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	205	170	35	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	195	165	30	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	373,880	355,300	9,145	2,450	6,985	10,365
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	391,000	371,450	10,070	2,495	6,985	11,315
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	368,575	352,630	9,725	2,190	4,025	10,825
Canadian citizens only	352,000	337,355	9,475	1,760	3,410	10,355
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	16,575	15,275	250	430	620	470
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	22,430	18,820	340	310	2,960	495
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	391,005	371,450	10,070	2,500	6,990	11,315
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	300,465	289,700	8,900	1,075	780	9,440
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	85,815	77,350	1,125	1,380	5,960	1,810
Before 1981	28,710	27,250	295	130	1,035	360
1981 to 1990	10,365	9,575	70	170	560	150
1991 to 2000	17,590	15,940	230	305	1,110	380
2001 to 2010	18,345	16,455	290	530	1,070	555
2001 to 2005	9,170	8,340	135	210	490	240
2006 to 2010	9,170	8,115	155	315	580	315
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	10,805	8,120	245	245	2,185	370
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	4,720	4,395	45	35	245	60
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	85,810	77,350	1,125	1,385	5,960	1,810
Under 5 years	10,520	9,850	120	255	295	245
5 to 14 years	16,355	15,520	195	285	350	340
15 to 24 years	20,215	19,225	205	210	575	315
25 to 44 years	31,870	28,535	495	540	2,300	770
45 years and over	6,850	4,210	105	85	2,445	145
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	85,810	77,345	1,120	1,385	5,960	1,815
Americas	15,375	14,565	120	225	475	225
Brazil	190	185	0	0	0	0
Colombia	405	365	0	10	30	0
El Salvador	820	700	10	20	95	15
Guyana	100	100	0	0	0	0
Haiti	225	100	40	75	10	75
Jamaica	750	755	0	0	0	0
Mexico	3,890	3,585	10	20	280	15
Peru	40	45	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	280	275	10	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	6,920	6,820	50	55	0	80
Other places of birth in Americas	1,755	1,640	10	45	60	30
Europe	31,820	29,815	265	390	1,355	460
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,145	1,070	0	10	75	0
Croatia	2,015	1,950	0	0	60	0
France	370	175	195	0	0	195
Germany	1,310	1,285	10	10	0	20
Greece	815	760	0	0	55	0
Hungary	810	790	0	0	15	0
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	160	160	0	0	0	0
Italy	6,625	6,080	15	50	480	40
Netherlands	680	675	0	0	0	0
Poland	2,460	2,330	0	10	125	0
Portugal	1,660	1,390	0	20	250	10
Romania	2,305	2,070	0	165	70	80
Russian Federation	450	410	0	20	20	10
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	1,660	1,525	0	60	80	30
Ukraine	280	265	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	5,120	5,120	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,970	3,755	40	50	125	65
Africa	4,095	3,255	545	180	115	630
Algeria	70	35	25	20	0	30
Egypt	435	400	0	15	15	10
Ethiopia	230	230	0	0	0	0
Kenya	85	85	0	0	0	0
Morocco	65	25	30	15	0	35
Nigeria	490	495	0	0	0	0
Somalia	360	285	0	10	65	10
South Africa, Republic of	370	365	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	1,975	1,340	475	125	30	535
Asia	34,355	29,550	195	595	4,020	495
Afghanistan	110	90	0	0	20	0
Bangladesh	615	605	0	10	0	10
China^{Footnote 51}	3,900	3,090	10	30	780	20
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	525	495	0	0	30	0
India	4,010	3,670	10	20	320	15
Iran^{Footnote 53}	650	600	0	10	40	10
Iraq	6,255	5,115	15	55	1,075	45
Japan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	365	350	0	0	15	0
Lebanon	4,565	3,835	145	235	350	260
Pakistan	2,110	2,060	0	0	50	0
Philippines	2,830	2,805	0	10	10	10
Sri Lanka	235	240	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 55}	1,780	1,050	25	45	665	50
Taiwan	270	250	0	10	15	0
Viet Nam	1,740	1,435	10	30	265	20
Other places of birth in Asia	4,355	3,830	0	140	380	75
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	160	165	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	10,800	8,120	250	245	2,185	370
Americas	1,940	1,680	20	80	160	55
Brazil	30	25	0	0	0	0
Colombia	40	30	0	0	10	0
Cuba	25	30	0	0	0	0
Haiti	100	40	15	40	10	35
Jamaica	105	105	0	0	0	0
Mexico	395	260	0	15	120	10
United States^{Footnote 58}	955	940	0	20	0	10
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	70	55	0	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	220	195	0	0	25	0
Europe	780	670	10	10	95	10
France	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	90	55	0	0	30	0
Russian Federation	20	15	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	20	15	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	115	115	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	475	420	0	0	50	0
Africa	930	645	200	30	60	215
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	30	20	15	0	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	50	100	20	0	110
Côte d'Ivoire	30	0	25	0	0	25
Egypt	95	100	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	50	45	0	0	10	0
Ethiopia	50	45	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	100	100	0	0	0	0
Somalia	100	65	10	0	25	10
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	260	180	50	0	30	50
Asia	7,125	5,105	20	125	1,870	85
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	175	165	0	10	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	800	555	0	10	235	10
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	0	10	0	0	0	0
India	810	740	0	0	65	0
Iran^{Footnote 65}	105	90	0	10	20	0
Iraq	2,095	1,380	0	10	705	0
Israel	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	45	45	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	300	220	15	30	35	30
Nepal	70	30	0	40	10	20
Pakistan	345	325	0	0	25	0
Philippines	470	460	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	120	105	0	0	15	0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	1,060	435	10	10	610	10
Taiwan	45	40	0	0	0	0
Turkey	50	35	0	0	15	0
United Arab Emirates	60	60	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	60	30	0	0	30	0
Other places of birth in Asia	490	365	0	10	115	10
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	25	25	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	391,000	371,450	10,070	2,495	6,990	11,315
First generation^{Footnote 71}	93,020	84,160	1,185	1,425	6,250	1,900
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	84,790	82,530	750	840	675	1,170
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	213,195	204,765	8,130	230	65	8,245
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	58,080	50,990	845	1,260	4,980	1,475
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	20,190	18,935	255	515	475	520
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	7,565	7,070	120	170	205	205
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	12,625	11,870	135	350	265	310
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	18,855	16,540	185	235	1,905	300
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	17,980	14,570	370	495	2,540	620
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	1,050	950	30	10	60	35
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	391,005	371,450	10,070	2,500	6,985	11,315
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	70,725	63,495	1,070	1,440	4,725	1,785
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	11,845	11,105	30	195	515	130
Chinese	8,755	7,655	35	110	955	85
Black	13,115	12,075	710	170	160	795
Filipino	4,065	4,025	10	25	10	20
Latin American	4,055	3,670	15	140	235	85
Arab	18,400	15,510	210	595	2,090	505
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	4,305	3,865	10	75	355	40
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	1,535	1,360	20	40	120	40
Korean	590	560	0	0	25	0
Japanese	210	210	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	1,560	1,345	25	45	155	45
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	2,280	2,110	15	40	120	35
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	320,280	307,955	9,000	1,060	2,265	9,530
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	391,000	371,445	10,065	2,495	6,990	11,320
North American Aboriginal origins	17,120	16,145	925	50	0	950
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,055	11,560	460	30	0	475
Inuit	95	95	0	0	0	0
Métis	5,200	4,685	500	20	0	510
Other North American origins	113,775	108,950	4,395	245	185	4,515
Acadian	295	220	70	0	0	70
American	6,380	6,285	70	20	10	80
Canadian	109,480	104,745	4,315	240	180	4,435
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	145	145	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Québécois	155	135	20	0	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	30	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	272,665	262,650	7,165	925	1,930	7,625
British Isles origins	143,680	142,295	1,240	130	10	1,305
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	15	0	0	0	0
English	81,535	80,900	535	95	10	580
Irish	58,995	58,320	615	50	0	640
Manx	50	50	0	0	0	0
Scottish	54,080	53,770	275	30	10	290
Welsh	4,695	4,650	45	0	0	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	6,865	6,840	25	0	0	20
French origins	92,080	85,085	6,760	210	20	6,865
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	0	10	0	0	0
French	92,075	85,075	6,760	215	20	6,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	60,395	59,510	430	90	365	480
Austrian	1,740	1,715	15	10	0	15
Bavarian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	3,700	3,600	95	0	0	100
Dutch	12,175	12,130	30	15	0	40
Flemish	145	125	15	10	0	15
Frisian	20	20	0	0	0	0
German	45,985	45,255	280	80	365	320
Luxembourger	25	30	0	0	0	0
Swiss	875	840	25	10	0	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	50	50	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,195	5,165	35	0	0	35
Danish	1,150	1,145	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,360	1,355	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	185	185	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,275	1,265	10	0	0	10
Swedish	1,175	1,170	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	295	285	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	48,470	47,550	140	395	375	340
Bulgarian	230	220	0	10	0	10
Byelorussian	115	110	0	10	0	0
Czech	1,425	1,420	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	905	905	0	0	0	0
Estonian	120	120	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	8,965	8,860	25	25	50	40
Latvian	130	125	10	0	0	10
Lithuanian	565	560	0	10	0	10
Moldovan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Polish	15,600	15,335	75	65	120	105
Romanian	6,330	6,010	10	225	80	125
Russian	5,350	5,220	10	40	80	25
Slovak	3,305	3,195	10	55	50	35
Ukrainian	12,440	12,380	10	25	30	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	150	150	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins	63,850	61,855	430	335	1,230	595
Albanian	1,565	1,425	10	15	115	15
Bosnian	605	550	0	0	50	0
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	4,220	4,125	0	25	65	15
Cypriot	35	30	0	0	0	0
Greek	2,945	2,860	10	15	60	15
Italian	37,450	36,560	260	115	510	320
Kosovar	75	65	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	2,280	2,250	0	0	20	10
Maltese	1,380	1,365	10	0	0	10
Montenegrin	160	145	0	10	0	10
Portuguese	5,880	5,570	25	40	250	40
Serbian	4,740	4,525	10	80	125	50
Sicilian	220	215	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	875	875	0	0	0	0
Spanish	3,360	3,105	150	60	45	185
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	1,670	1,645	0	0	20	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	40	40	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,460	1,395	55	0	0	60
Basque	30	30	10	0	0	0
Jewish	770	720	35	10	10	40
Roma (Gypsy)	60	50	10	0	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	40	45	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	565	555	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	4,115	3,940	75	70	25	110
Antiguan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	285	280	0	0	0	10
Dominican	120	105	0	0	20	0
Grenadian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	385	260	45	70	0	80
Jamaican	2,145	2,140	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	105	110	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	570	565	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	55	60	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	290	285	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	70	60	10	0	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	7,060	6,525	35	145	350	110
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	220	200	0	10	15	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	165	155	0	0	0	10
Belizean	70	65	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	225	220	0	0	10	0
Chilean	120	120	0	0	0	0
Colombian	530	475	0	15	35	10
Costa Rican	100	95	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	90	95	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	255	240	10	0	10	0
Guyanese	260	260	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	270	255	0	10	10	0
Honduran	195	175	0	0	20	0
Maya	145	125	0	0	25	0
Mexican	3,070	2,870	0	40	160	25
Nicaraguan	230	190	0	20	10	15
Panamanian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	0	0	0	15	0
Peruvian	80	75	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	945	850	10	25	60	20
Uruguayan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	220	185	0	30	10	20
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	220	205	0	0	10	0
African origins	10,535	9,535	655	175	170	745
Central and West African origins	1,915	1,495	380	10	40	380
Akan	55	25	35	0	0	35
Angolan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	105	55	55	0	0	50
Chadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	385	80	285	0	15	290
Edo	15	20	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	175	175	0	0	0	0
Guinean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	80	70	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	55	45	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,010	1,000	10	0	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	0	0	0	15	0
Sierra Leonean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	70	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	60	55	10	0	0	0
North African origins	1,950	1,785	60	80	35	95
Algerian	130	90	10	30	0	30
Berber	10	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	55	50	0	0	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	805	755	25	10	20	25
Libyan	195	200	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	100	75	15	15	0	20
Sudanese	685	655	0	15	10	0
Tunisian	45	25	10	15	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	2,200	1,955	120	20	110	130
Afrikaner	20	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	100	15	75	0	0	75
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	170	165	0	0	10	0
Ethiopian	380	380	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	15	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	75	65	15	0	0	15
Oromo	45	35	0	0	10	0
Rwandan	155	105	40	0	0	45
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	900	805	0	10	80	10
South African	280	275	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	50	45	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	40	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	95	60	30	10	10	30
Other African origins	4,800	4,595	140	70	0	170
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	1,015	1,010	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	3,820	3,605	140	70	0	175
Asian origins	61,480	55,330	435	1,160	4,550	1,020
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	30,440	26,680	355	750	2,650	730
Afghan	255	230	0	0	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	3,420	2,870	15	50	480	40
Armenian	600	540	15	30	15	30
Assyrian	560	470	0	10	80	10
Azerbaijani	45	45	0	10	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,045	970	0	15	65	10
Iraqi	7,250	6,165	20	80	985	65
Israeli	120	115	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	525	505	0	15	10	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	160	145	0	0	15	0
Kuwaiti	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	12,545	11,460	250	460	375	480
Palestinian	1,560	1,435	0	55	65	30
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Syrian	2,385	1,655	45	65	620	80
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	20	20	0	0	0	0
Turk	935	885	0	15	25	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	20	20	0	10	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	130	115	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	830	770	10	15	35	15
South Asian origins	12,110	11,335	35	215	535	140
Bangladeshi	355	345	0	0	10	0
Bengali	155	155	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	205	115	10	40	50	25
East Indian	7,935	7,485	30	75	350	65
Goan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	50	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	45	40	0	0	0	0
Nepali	320	200	0	55	65	30
Pakistani	2,380	2,290	0	15	75	10
Punjabi	605	545	0	40	25	20
Sinhalese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	320	310	0	10	10	0
Tamil	80	80	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	710	670	0	30	15	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	19,145	17,520	45	205	1,380	150
Burmese	195	195	0	0	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	830	760	0	10	60	10
Chinese	10,115	8,975	30	110	995	90
Filipino	4,490	4,465	0	15	10	15
Hmong	15	15	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	110	105	0	0	0	0
Japanese	290	290	0	0	0	0
Karen	200	160	0	0	40	0
Korean	640	615	0	10	25	10
Laotian	510	485	0	0	25	0
Malaysian	65	60	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	135	130	0	10	0	0
Thai	365	355	0	0	15	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,665	2,370	10	65	215	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	75	65	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins	315	310	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	315	310	0	0	10	0
Oceania origins	310	310	0	0	0	0
Australian	190	190	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	75	75	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	60	60	0	0	0	0
Fijian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	324,325	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,170
No certificate, diploma or degree	62,030	55,825	2,040	335	3,830	2,210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	100,700	96,505	2,615	455	1,120	2,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	161,595	155,295	4,715	805	775	5,120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,600	20,575	825	90	115	870
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	9,345	8,810	420	50	65	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	12,255	11,765	405	40	45	420
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	70,380	67,845	2,100	185	250	2,195
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,790	5,455	195	40	95	220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	63,825	61,425	1,600	485	320	1,845
Bachelor's degree	42,945	41,300	1,095	305	240	1,250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,645	4,450	140	35	25	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,965	1,920	0	15	25	10
Master's degree	11,980	11,570	290	90	25	340
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	2,290	2,180	70	40	0	90
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	162,730	152,335	4,655	795	4,955	5,050
Education	10,720	9,945	620	115	40	680
13. Education	10,720	9,945	620	115	40	680
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,890	3,760	90	15	35	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	510	495	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	3,380	3,260	80	10	25	85
Humanities	6,710	6,260	330	65	55	360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	660	595	20	20	20	30
23. English language and literature/letters	1,695	1,675	15	10	10	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,510	1,420	70	10	10	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	50	45	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	350	330	30	0	0	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	715	685	25	10	0	30
54. History	1,220	1,155	50	0	10	50
55. French language and literature/letters	510	360	130	20	0	135
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,020	17,425	445	80	65	490
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	165	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,240	2,200	35	10	0	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,745	3,610	115	0	15	115
22. Legal professions and studies	2,595	2,515	40	15	20	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	230	215	15	0	0	15
42. Psychology	3,685	3,580	95	0	0	95
45. Social sciences	5,360	5,135	145	55	25	170
Business, management and public administration	29,615	28,535	760	180	145	845
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	80	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,965	2,885	70	15	0	75
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,570	25,575	685	170	145	770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,605	5,400	115	40	40	135
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,420	2,345	50	25	10	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,155	1,125	20	0	10	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	15	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,485	1,415	35	10	30	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	525	510	20	10	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,560	5,380	145	15	20	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,410	4,275	120	10	15	125
25. Library science	290	280	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	810	780	15	0	0	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	50	45	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	38,430	37,010	1,045	160	215	1,125
04. Architecture and related services	1,030	1,025	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	8,310	8,015	100	100	100	150
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	7,345	7,090	210	0	40	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,295	6,010	240	15	25	245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,985	6,660	275	15	35	285
48. Precision production	8,465	8,215	210	30	15	225
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,405	2,280	100	15	10	110
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,780	1,690	75	15	0	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	590	30	10	0	35
Health and related fields	29,590	28,640	725	100	115	780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,940	1,875	40	10	20	45
51. Health professions and related programs	27,230	26,365	685	85	90	730
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	420	400	0	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,025	10,645	330	15	35	340
12. Personal and culinary services	6,455	6,200	220	10	25	230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	50	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,175	3,130	45	0	0	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,305	1,225	65	0	10	65
Other	25	25	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,735	10,170
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	162,730	152,335	4,655	790	4,950	5,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	161,595	155,300	4,720	805	775	5,115
Location of study inside Canada	133,815	129,020	4,325	410	50	4,540
Same as province or territory of residence	129,305	125,115	3,790	360	45	3,965
Different than province or territory of residence	4,500	3,905	540	55	0	570
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	27,785	26,280	385	390	730	585
United States^{Footnote 130}	8,535	8,380	110	45	10	130
Philippines	1,445	1,445	0	0	0	10
India	1,875	1,855	0	0	20	10
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	1,820	1,800	15	0	0	20
China^{Footnote 132}	1,845	1,605	0	0	240	0
France	185	35	130	15	0	140
Other	12,075	11,160	130	320	465	285
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	not applicable ...
In the labour force	195,090	188,665	4,695	820	915	not applicable ...
Employed	180,800	174,925	4,365	715	805	not applicable ...
Unemployed	14,290	13,740	330	100	120	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	129,240	118,965	4,680	775	4,815	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.2	61.3	50.1	51.4	16.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.7	56.9	46.6	44.8	14.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.3	7.0	12.2	13.1	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	324,330	307,630	9,370	1,595	5,730	10,165
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	124,930	114,930	4,410	725	4,865	4,770
Worked	199,395	192,700	4,965	870	865	5,400
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	102,735	99,550	2,575	305	310	2,730
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	96,660	93,155	2,385	565	560	2,665
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	43.2	42.8	36.6	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	206,265	199,225	5,150	930	965	5,615
a.Management	17,440	16,800	500	75	65	535
00 Senior management occupations	1,390	1,345	35	0	10	40
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,990	4,830	145	15	10	150
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	6,355	6,150	140	45	30	160
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	4,695	4,475	180	10	25	185
b.Professional	32,150	30,925	965	240	20	1,085
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,180	4,060	90	25	10	100
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	6,800	6,630	95	70	0	130
30 Professional occupations in nursing	4,685	4,600	85	10	0	90
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	2,960	2,925	20	10	10	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,625	7,975	525	125	0	585
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	3,650	3,535	110	10	10	110
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,250	1,205	50	0	0	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	18,135	17,575	455	90	15	500
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,335	5,155	160	15	0	170
32 Technical occupations in health	4,200	4,130	55	10	0	60
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	4,105	3,930	135	35	0	150
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,420	1,405	20	0	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,075	2,940	85	35	10	100
d.Administration and administrative support	22,690	21,910	640	85	55	685
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	8,990	8,660	290	25	10	305
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,985	1,935	45	0	0	45
14 Office support occupations	7,705	7,410	230	40	35	245
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	4,005	3,905	80	10	0	85
e.Sales	19,035	18,550	350	80	55	390
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,865	3,780	80	10	0	85
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	8,340	8,135	160	30	15	175
66 Sales support occupations	6,830	6,640	115	45	35	135
f.Personal and customer information services	38,080	36,755	900	160	260	980
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,195	4,110	60	25	0	75
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	3,400	3,195	155	10	40	160
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,770	6,505	135	20	110	140
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	10,580	10,220	295	45	25	315
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	13,135	12,720	260	65	90	290
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	17,355	16,795	440	25	100	450
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	11,870	11,470	305	15	85	310
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,485	5,325	135	10	15	140
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	14,445	13,940	345	80	75	390
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	3,800	3,710	70	10	10	75
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	8,125	7,825	220	50	30	245
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,515	2,405	55	20	40	65
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,905	4,640	100	25	130	115
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	655	625	25	0	0	20
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,960	1,865	40	0	50	45
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,290	2,160	30	20	80	45
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	22,050	21,335	450	75	195	490
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,120	2,070	40	0	0	45
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	4,505	4,350	105	10	45	105
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	11,020	10,715	220	25	60	235
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,405	4,195	85	35	90	105
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	206,270	199,225	5,145	935	965	5,610
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,135	5,690	215	35	190	235
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	5,765	5,345	210	30	185	225
113 Forestry and logging	20	15	10	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	140	130	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	215	200	10	10	10	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	480	445	30	0	0	30
211 Oil and gas extraction	60	55	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	330	305	25	0	0	25
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	90	90	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	1,075	1,055	15	0	0	20
221 Utilities	1,075	1,055	20	0	0	15
23 Construction	11,625	11,145	390	25	70	405
236 Construction of buildings	3,145	2,995	120	10	15	120
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,300	1,240	35	10	20	35
238 Specialty trade contractors	7,180	6,900	240	10	30	240
31-33 Manufacturing	40,215	39,055	815	120	230	875
311 Food manufacturing	1,975	1,855	55	20	45	60
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	770	755	20	0	0	15
313 Textile mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	60	60	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	135	125	10	0	0	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	10	0	0	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	260	250	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	190	190	0	0	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,470	1,420	45	0	0	45
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	35	40	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,380	1,355	15	0	0	20
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,345	3,275	40	0	30	40
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	445	420	25	0	0	30
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,160	1,130	30	10	0	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	3,445	3,350	50	10	30	55
333 Machinery manufacturing	6,160	6,000	100	15	45	105
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	355	350	0	0	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	210	195	10	0	0	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	17,345	16,870	390	45	35	415
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	450	420	20	10	0	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,005	970	10	20	0	20
41 Wholesale trade	5,790	5,575	135	15	70	140
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	135	125	0	0	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	95	95	10	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,365	1,285	25	15	35	35
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	445	435	10	0	0	15
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	750	725	25	0	10	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	860	825	30	0	0	30
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,150	1,115	30	0	0	30
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	810	795	10	0	10	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	175	175	0	0	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	22,155	21,650	365	90	45	410
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	3,080	3,020	55	0	0	55
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	870	850	20	0	0	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	715	700	10	0	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,525	1,500	20	0	0	25
445 Food and beverage stores	4,980	4,845	95	35	10	110
446 Health and personal care stores	2,640	2,585	35	15	0	40
447 Gasoline stations	455	430	10	15	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,105	2,045	35	20	10	45
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	745	720	20	0	0	25
452 General merchandise stores	2,975	2,920	40	10	10	45
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,515	1,490	20	10	0	25
454 Non-store retailers	550	540	10	0	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	9,215	8,910	230	60	10	260
481 Air transportation	75	60	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	175	170	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	85	85	0	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	4,310	4,170	105	30	10	120
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,375	1,330	35	0	10	40
486 Pipeline transportation	10	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,245	1,200	25	10	10	35
491 Postal service	835	815	15	0	0	15
492 Couriers and messengers	660	650	10	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	435	415	20	0	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	2,225	2,135	85	10	0	90
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	595	575	15	0	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	300	290	10	0	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	170	160	10	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	755	700	45	10	0	45
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	45	45	0	0	0	10
519 Other information services	365	355	15	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	6,240	6,080	130	25	10	145
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,435	2,395	35	10	0	40
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	785	770	0	10	10	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	3,005	2,905	90	10	0	100
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	10	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,780	2,650	85	25	20	100
531 Real estate	2,240	2,165	55	0	25	60
532 Rental and leasing services	525	485	30	10	0	35
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	10	0	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,180	9,915	190	65	15	220
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,180	9,910	190	60	15	220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	150	145	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	145	145	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	9,460	9,150	225	70	20	260
561 Administrative and support services	8,990	8,690	220	65	20	250
562 Waste management and remediation services	470	465	10	10	0	10
61 Educational services	15,365	14,280	910	170	10	995
611 Educational services	15,365	14,280	910	170	10	995
62 Health care and social assistance	24,875	24,260	495	85	30	540
621 Ambulatory health care services	8,065	7,885	140	25	15	150
622 Hospitals	7,120	6,965	140	15	0	150
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,490	5,355	115	15	0	125
624 Social assistance	4,195	4,055	105	30	15	120
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,640	5,510	120	10	0	125
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	800	780	25	0	0	20
712 Heritage institutions	185	175	10	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,650	4,555	85	10	0	90
72 Accommodation and food services	15,880	15,430	220	75	160	255
721 Accommodation services	1,120	1,090	25	0	0	30
722 Food services and drinking places	14,765	14,340	190	70	155	225
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,870	8,480	265	40	80	290
811 Repair and maintenance	3,180	3,020	100	15	45	110
812 Personal and laundry services	3,245	3,150	80	0	10	80
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,000	1,920	60	15	0	65
814 Private households	440	390	25	10	20	25
91 Public administration	7,915	7,665	225	20	10	240
911 Federal government public administration	2,370	2,265	85	10	0	95
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,240	1,170	70	0	0	70
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,275	4,200	70	10	0	75
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	180,800	174,925	4,365	710	800	4,715
Worked at home	8,035	7,645	300	30	55	315
Worked outside Canada	6,695	6,585	75	25	10	90
No fixed workplace address	16,630	16,000	445	65	110	480
Worked at usual place	149,445	144,690	3,540	590	625	3,835
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	206,265	199,225	5,145	930	965	5,615
English	201,250	196,020	4,120	715	395	4,480
French	1,660	775	805	80	0	845
Non-official language	1,400	900	10	15	480	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,400	900	10	15	480	15
English and French	650	370	190	90	0	235
English and non-official language	1,250	1,140	10	15	85	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	30	10	15	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	206,270	199,225	5,150	930	965	5,610
None	197,105	191,810	3,820	725	750	4,180
English	1,525	1,000	375	40	105	395
French	2,850	1,865	915	70	0	950
Non-official language	4,640	4,445	30	70	100	60
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,635	4,435	25	75	100	65
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	120	90	10	25	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	149,445	144,690	3,540	585	625	3,835
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	80,390	77,745	1,920	385	335	2,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	64,670	62,730	1,525	170	245	1,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,080	3,925	85	25	45	100
Commute to a different province or territory	310	290	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	166,070	160,690	3,990	655	735	4,315
Car, truck, van - as a driver	142,260	137,730	3,580	515	430	3,840
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	10,420	10,010	185	60	170	210
Public transit	4,730	4,630	30	20	45	45
Walked	5,650	5,480	100	25	50	110
Bicycle	1,605	1,515	45	20	25	55
Other method	1,410	1,325	45	15	25	45
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	166,070	160,690	3,990	655	735	4,315
Less than 15 minutes	57,435	55,595	1,335	275	225	1,475
15 to 29 minutes	74,165	71,930	1,725	235	270	1,840
30 to 44 minutes	24,580	23,635	720	85	145	765
45 to 59 minutes	6,605	6,380	140	30	55	155
60 minutes and over	3,285	3,150	70	25	40	80
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	166,070	160,695	3,990	655	735	4,315
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	11,780	11,335	280	30	140	295
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	32,235	31,240	775	80	145	815
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	38,965	37,550	1,135	160	120	1,215
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30,650	29,635	815	140	60	885
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	16,765	16,205	355	80	130	395
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	35,670	34,735	625	170	140	710
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	387,200	367,945	10,040	2,485	6,730	11,285
Non-movers	341,935	325,740	8,995	2,165	5,030	10,075
Movers	45,270	42,210	1,050	315	1,695	1,205
Non-migrants	27,640	26,475	545	120	495	605
Migrants	17,630	15,735	500	195	1,200	595
Internal migrants	13,370	12,575	420	140	230	490
Intraprovincial migrants	11,335	10,830	325	55	120	355
Interprovincial migrants	2,035	1,745	95	85	110	135
External migrants	4,265	3,160	75	50	975	105
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	370,750	352,325	9,920	2,385	6,120	11,110
Non-movers	242,765	231,335	7,050	1,420	2,960	7,765
Movers	127,980	120,990	2,870	965	3,160	3,355
Non-migrants	76,640	73,790	1,490	475	880	1,730
Migrants	51,345	47,195	1,375	490	2,285	1,620
Internal migrants	38,445	36,725	1,125	285	320	1,265
Intraprovincial migrants	33,790	32,550	900	140	205	970
Interprovincial migrants	4,660	4,175	220	145	115	295
External migrants	12,900	10,475	255	205	1,965	355

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Symbol(s)

Footnote(s)