Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Renfrew

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	130	4,915
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	99,265	94,145	4,840	150	130	4,915
0 to 14 years	16,440	15,675	655	55	50	685
0 to 4 years	5,650	5,330	250	35	40	265
5 to 9 years	5,555	5,320	220	10	10	220
10 to 14 years	5,235	5,025	190	20	0	200
15 to 64 years	63,355	60,075	3,195	75	10	3,235
15 to 19 years	5,320	5,180	135	10	0	135
20 to 24 years	5,070	4,905	160	10	0	165
25 to 29 years	6,240	5,855	360	25	0	375
30 to 34 years	6,330	5,910	410	10	0	415
35 to 39 years	5,565	5,220	330	0	0	335
40 to 44 years	5,490	5,145	330	20	0	340
45 to 49 years	5,865	5,540	330	0	0	325
50 to 54 years	7,830	7,455	380	0	0	380
55 to 59 years	8,105	7,705	390	10	10	395
60 to 64 years	7,535	7,165	365	0	0	365
65 years and over	19,475	18,385	990	15	75	1,005
65 to 69 years	6,790	6,435	340	0	10	345
70 to 74 years	4,895	4,545	310	10	30	315
75 to 79 years	3,585	3,395	180	0	15	180
80 to 84 years	2,415	2,310	95	0	10	95
85 years and over	1,785	1,710	70	0	10	70
85 to 89 years	1,220	1,155	55	0	0	55
90 to 94 years	440	425	15	0	0	15
95 to 99 years	105	105	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	20	25	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.5	42.5	44.2	27.3	47.0	not applicable ...
Median age	44.3	44.2	45.4	25.5	68.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	82,830	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,235
Married or living common law	52,115	49,030	2,950	55	75	2,980
Married	42,950	40,590	2,230	50	75	2,260
Living common law	9,165	8,445	720	0	0	720
Not married and not living common law	30,710	29,430	1,235	40	10	1,250
Never married	17,955	17,250	675	30	0	695
Separated	2,740	2,635	105	0	0	105
Divorced	4,950	4,690	260	0	0	260
Widowed	5,065	4,865	195	10	10	195
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	82,830	78,460	4,185	90	85	4,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,085	75,830	4,080	95	85	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,506	42,183	48,926	46,881	16,598	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,477	33,990	44,742	53,027	14,923	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	80,140	75,880	4,085	95	80	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,268	36,007	41,450	40,107	16,089	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,266	30,920	39,395	45,603	14,923	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	71,220	67,375	3,690	90	70	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,504	40,167	47,146	43,858	0	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,982	31,502	43,769	45,959	0	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	58,150	55,235	2,770	75	75	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,931	8,919	9,182	6,094	11,560	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,200	8,183	8,395	2,904	14,155	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	56,200	53,220	2,900	70	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,991	40,611	47,816	49,483	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,261	32,524	47,254	49,073	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	84.7	84.6	87.2	88.6	0.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	67.7	67.6	69.5	77.8	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	15.3	15.4	12.8	10.3	57.4	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	82,825	78,460	4,185	95	80	4,230
Without total income	2,740	2,635	110	0	0	110
With total income	80,085	75,830	4,075	95	80	4,120
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.6	97.4	100.0	100.0	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,880	9,470	380	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	385
$10,000 to $19,999	14,320	13,755	525	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	530
$20,000 to $29,999	11,585	11,055	500	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	505
$30,000 to $39,999	9,500	9,045	440	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	455
$40,000 to $49,999	8,075	7,660	410	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	415
$50,000 to $59,999	6,435	6,010	410	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	410
$60,000 to $69,999	6,810	6,380	415	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	420
$70,000 to $79,999	4,200	3,815	385	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	385
$80,000 to $89,999	2,760	2,540	220	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	220
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	2,130	120	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	120
$100,000 and over	4,255	3,980	265	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	265
$100,000 to $149,999	3,350	3,130	205	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	210
$150,000 and over	910	855	55	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	60
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	82,830	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,230
Without after-tax income	2,685	2,585	105	0	0	105
With after-tax income	80,140	75,880	4,085	95	85	4,130
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	96.7	97.6	100.0	100.0	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,360	9,920	405	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	415
$10,000 to $19,999	15,060	14,435	575	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	580
$20,000 to $29,999	13,115	12,510	570	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	575
$30,000 to $39,999	11,310	10,760	535	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	540
$40,000 to $49,999	9,130	8,575	545	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	550
$50,000 to $59,999	8,485	7,905	550	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	565
$60,000 to $69,999	4,960	4,545	415	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	420
$70,000 to $79,999	3,250	3,055	195	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	195
$80,000 and over	4,470	4,170	290	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	295
$80,000 to $89,999	1,880	1,730	140	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	150
$90,000 to $99,999	1,020	965	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	50
$100,000 and over	1,570	1,470	100	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	100
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	82,830	78,460	4,185	95	80	4,235
Without employment income	26,625	25,245	1,285	25	70	1,295
With employment income	56,205	53,220	2,905	70	10	2,940
Percentage with employment income	67.9	67.8	69.4	73.7	12.5	69.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,145	7,775	365	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	365
$5,000 to $9,999	4,705	4,530	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	170
$10,000 to $19,999	6,995	6,705	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$20,000 to $29,999	6,280	6,070	210	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	210
$30,000 to $39,999	5,530	5,260	270	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$40,000 to $49,999	5,115	4,890	220	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	225
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	4,105	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$60,000 to $69,999	4,930	4,575	335	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	350
$70,000 to $79,999	2,970	2,630	345	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	345
$80,000 and over	7,140	6,685	445	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	450
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	2,055	195	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	190
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	1,690	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	80
$100,000 and over	3,125	2,935	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	82,825	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,230
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	27,475	26,000	1,435	40	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,638	53,163	64,516	60,552	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	58,038	57,745	63,393	60,739	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	99,265	94,145	4,840	150	130	4,915
English only	86,805	86,810	0	0	0	0
French only	250	0	245	0	0	245
English and French	12,065	7,320	4,595	150	0	4,670
Neither English nor French	140	10	0	0	135	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	130	4,915
English	94,940	92,185	2,755	0	0	2,755
French	1,870	40	1,835	0	0	1,835
Non-official language	1,360	1,160	0	70	135	35
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,355	1,155	0	70	130	35
English and French	375	45	250	75	0	290
English and non-official language	715	715	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	135	4,915
None	93,600	90,660	2,690	120	130	2,750
English	1,595	590	980	15	0	985
French	2,550	1,395	1,155	0	0	1,155
Non-official language	1,460	1,445	15	0	0	10
Aboriginal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,430	1,420	15	0	0	15
English and French	15	0	0	20	0	10
English and non-official language	15	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	40	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	130	4,915
English	88,970	88,975	0	0	0	0
French	4,960	180	4,785	0	0	4,780
Non-official language	4,520	4,305	15	75	130	45
Aboriginal	35	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,485	4,270	10	75	130	50
English and French	475	370	30	75	0	70
English and non-official language	305	305	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	135	4,915
Official languages	99,125	94,130	4,840	150	0	4,915
English	98,875	94,135	4,590	150	0	4,670
French	12,315	7,320	4,840	150	0	4,915
Non-official languages	5,980	5,575	195	75	130	230
Aboriginal languages	65	65	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,915	5,520	195	75	130	230
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	99,265	94,145	4,840	150	130	4,920
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	8,460	7,960	495	10	0	495
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	7,965	7,495	465	10	0	465
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	4,715	4,505	200	10	0	200
Métis	3,160	2,895	270	0	0	265
Inuk (Inuit)	90	95	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	125	115	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	370	345	25	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	90,805	86,180	4,345	140	135	4,415
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	135	4,920
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	2,640	2,540	100	10	0	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,620	91,605	4,740	145	130	4,815
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	99,265	94,145	4,840	150	130	4,915
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	1,090	1,040	50	0	0	50
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	1,065	1,025	40	0	0	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	795	780	15	0	0	15
Métis single ancestry	255	230	25	0	0	25
Inuit single ancestry	20	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	20	10	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	9,385	8,755	610	25	0	620
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	9,100	8,505	575	20	0	585
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,165	5,810	335	20	0	345
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,845	2,610	240	0	0	235
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	85	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	290	250	30	10	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	275	235	30	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	88,795	84,350	4,180	125	135	4,245
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	135	4,915
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	97,955	92,890	4,820	150	95	4,900
Canadian citizens only	96,550	91,550	4,775	125	95	4,840
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,410	1,340	50	20	0	60
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	1,310	1,255	15	0	40	20
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	130	4,915
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	93,645	88,775	4,730	95	45	4,770
Immigrants^Footnote 42	5,460	5,210	110	55	85	145
Before 1981	2,860	2,780	60	15	0	65
1981 to 1990	685	670	15	10	0	15
1991 to 2000	730	645	25	15	45	30
2001 to 2010	835	790	15	15	15	25
2001 to 2005	445	420	0	10	10	10
2006 to 2010	390	370	10	10	10	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	350	325	0	0	20	10
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	155	160	0	0	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	5,460	5,205	115	60	85	140
Under 5 years	905	885	15	0	0	15
5 to 14 years	1,215	1,170	30	10	0	35
15 to 24 years	1,145	1,090	35	20	0	45
25 to 44 years	1,925	1,855	35	25	10	45
45 years and over	275	205	0	0	75	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	5,460	5,210	115	55	85	140
Americas	945	915	15	0	10	25
Brazil	25	25	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	20	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guyana	30	35	0	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	45	45	0	0	0	0
Mexico	30	20	0	10	0	10
Peru	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	20	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	610	600	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	115	105	0	0	10	0
Europe	3,325	3,195	80	30	20	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	10	10	0	0	0	0
France	80	20	55	0	0	60
Germany	645	640	0	0	0	0
Greece	40	40	0	0	0	10
Hungary	35	35	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	35	35	0	0	0	0
Italy	65	60	0	0	0	10
Netherlands	395	395	0	0	0	0
Poland	220	215	0	0	10	0
Portugal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Romania	65	40	10	15	0	15
Russian Federation	50	40	0	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	50	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	1,315	1,315	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	275	255	15	0	0	20
Africa	135	135	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	70	0	0	0	10
Asia	1,025	930	15	20	55	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	20	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	280	230	0	0	45	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	30	35	0	0	0	0
India	230	225	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	30	35	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	60	60	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	25	15	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Philippines	105	100	0	0	10	0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	125	10	0	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	350	320	0	10	20	0
Americas	90	90	10	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	15	15	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	45	45	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0	0	0
Europe	110	110	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	15	20	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	75	80	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	20	15	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	125	105	0	10	20	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	20	0	0	0	15	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	30	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	30	25	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	99,265	94,140	4,840	150	135	4,920
First generation^Footnote 71	6,170	5,865	165	55	85	190
Second generation^Footnote 72	9,875	9,615	250	10	0	250
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	83,225	78,665	4,430	90	45	4,470
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	2,655	2,475	55	45	85	75
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,340	1,275	20	35	10	40
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	500	480	10	15	0	10
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	840	800	20	20	10	30
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	1,080	980	20	10	70	25
Refugees^Footnote 79	225	210	10	0	0	15
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	99,265	94,145	4,840	150	130	4,920
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	2,635	2,475	55	35	70	70
South Asian^Footnote 83	575	565	0	0	10	0
Chinese	575	525	0	10	40	10
Black	525	505	25	0	0	30
Filipino	170	165	0	0	10	0
Latin American	230	210	0	10	10	0
Arab	100	80	10	10	0	10
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	95	90	0	10	0	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	25	25	0	0	0	0
Korean	115	110	0	0	0	0
Japanese	60	60	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	80	85	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	85	70	15	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	96,630	91,665	4,785	120	65	4,845
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	99,265	94,145	4,840	155	135	4,915
North American Aboriginal origins	10,470	9,790	660	25	0	670
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,250	6,835	390	25	0	405
Inuit	125	120	10	0	0	0
Métis	3,405	3,095	305	0	0	305
Other North American origins	37,650	34,640	2,945	45	25	2,965
Acadian	335	290	45	0	0	40
American	850	840	15	0	0	10
Canadian	36,805	33,840	2,900	40	25	2,920
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	70	70	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Québécois	55	25	30	0	0	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	78,940	75,385	3,410	95	55	3,455
British Isles origins	54,750	53,695	1,010	55	0	1,030
Channel Islander	15	15	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	15	0	0	0	0
English	24,605	24,090	490	25	0	495
Irish	30,120	29,655	435	35	0	450
Manx	20	15	0	0	0	0
Scottish	23,270	23,005	245	15	0	255
Welsh	1,960	1,940	20	0	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,425	2,400	30	0	0	30
French origins	23,050	19,925	3,075	45	0	3,100
Alsatian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	23,045	19,920	3,075	45	0	3,100
Western European origins (except French origins)	26,045	25,710	280	15	40	290
Austrian	320	300	10	10	0	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	290	235	55	0	0	60
Dutch	4,300	4,275	20	0	0	20
Flemish	30	20	10	0	0	15
Frisian	25	25	0	0	0	0
German	21,955	21,745	180	10	30	185
Luxembourger	20	20	0	0	0	0
Swiss	710	675	10	0	30	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,060	2,035	20	0	0	25
Danish	380	380	0	0	0	0
Finnish	505	505	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	120	120	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	530	515	15	0	0	15
Swedish	480	475	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	135	130	10	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	12,985	12,865	75	20	15	85
Bulgarian	50	45	0	0	0	10
Byelorussian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Czech	190	190	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	120	120	0	0	0	0
Estonian	85	80	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	330	325	10	0	0	0
Latvian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	110	110	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10,170	10,120	50	0	0	45
Romanian	180	150	15	20	0	20
Russian	685	675	15	0	0	15
Slovak	50	55	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,945	1,930	10	0	15	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	35	35	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,265	3,100	150	15	0	155
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	85	75	10	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	225	220	10	10	0	0
Italian	2,020	1,940	80	10	0	85
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Maltese	105	105	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	380	370	15	0	0	15
Serbian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Spanish	385	340	45	10	0	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	60	60	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	430	405	25	0	0	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	160	160	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	45	45	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	220	195	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins	480	440	35	0	0	35
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	15	15	0	0	10
Jamaican	160	160	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	115	100	15	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	105	110	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	450	420	0	20	10	15
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Chilean	30	15	0	15	0	10
Colombian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	15	0	0	10	0
Guatemalan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	70	70	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	30	35	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	60	50	0	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	55	55	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	0	0	0	0	0	0
African origins	440	420	20	0	0	20
Central and West African origins	40	35	0	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	10	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins	85	75	10	0	0	10
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	65	60	0	0	0	10
Libyan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	115	120	0	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	55	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	15	0	0	0	0
South African	30	25	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Zambian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	200	190	10	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	30	25	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	170	165	10	0	0	10
Asian origins	2,115	1,980	50	25	60	65
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	385	330	45	15	0	50
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	45	45	0	0	0	0
Armenian	40	30	10	0	0	10
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	160	130	25	10	0	35
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	30	25	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	40	30	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	15	15	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	595	590	0	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	480	480	0	0	0	0
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	15	15	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	50	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tamil	20	20	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	30	25	0	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,160	1,090	0	10	55	15
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	25	0	0	0	10
Chinese	670	615	0	10	40	0
Filipino	185	180	0	0	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	80	80	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	105	0	0	10	0
Laotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	75	70	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	120	115	0	0	0	0
Australian	70	65	10	0	0	10
New Zealander	45	45	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	82,830	78,465	4,185	95	80	4,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,650	14,965	625	10	40	635
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	25,770	24,505	1,215	20	30	1,225
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,410	38,995	2,345	60	10	2,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,400	6,915	480	0	0	480
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,365	3,105	265	0	0	260
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	4,030	3,815	215	0	0	220
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,170	20,050	1,090	20	10	1,100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,290	1,195	95	0	0	95
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,545	10,825	680	40	0	700
Bachelor's degree	8,065	7,590	455	20	0	465
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	695	90	0	0	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	320	15	0	0	20
Master's degree	1,865	1,750	110	10	0	110
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	490	470	15	10	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	82,825	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	41,415	39,475	1,840	35	70	1,860
Education	2,835	2,620	215	0	0	215
13. Education	2,840	2,620	215	0	0	215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,000	925	80	0	0	80
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310	295	15	0	0	15
50. Visual and performing arts	700	630	70	0	0	70
Humanities	1,645	1,515	130	0	0	135
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	100	85	10	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	420	405	15	0	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	320	280	45	0	0	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	120	10	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	315	310	0	0	0	0
54. History	320	305	15	0	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	45	15	25	0	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,680	3,495	185	0	0	185
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	60	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	275	10	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,100	1,030	70	0	0	70
22. Legal professions and studies	570	555	15	0	0	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	60	55	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	615	560	55	0	0	50
45. Social sciences	995	955	40	0	0	40
Business, management and public administration	6,840	6,450	370	15	10	375
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	860	795	65	0	0	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,985	5,655	300	10	10	310
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	1,270	65	15	0	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	460	15	10	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	135	10	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	15	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	615	575	35	10	0	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	80	10	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,020	950	65	10	0	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	695	50	0	0	50
25. Library science	60	55	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	150	10	0	0	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	45	50	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,965	9,455	490	20	0	500
04. Architecture and related services	105	100	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	1,420	1,330	75	20	0	80
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,020	1,930	95	0	0	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,570	2,455	115	0	0	115
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,825	2,655	170	0	0	170
48. Precision production	1,020	985	30	10	0	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	1,225	55	0	0	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	595	570	25	0	0	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	685	655	30	0	0	35
Health and related fields	8,075	7,645	435	0	0	435
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	580	545	30	0	0	35
51. Health professions and related programs	7,430	7,030	405	0	0	405
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	70	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,705	3,440	255	0	0	260
12. Personal and culinary services	1,715	1,615	100	0	0	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	75	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	140	25	0	0	25
43. Security and protective services	1,150	1,060	85	10	0	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	595	545	45	0	0	45
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	82,825	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,420	39,475	1,835	35	70	1,860
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	41,410	38,995	2,350	60	15	2,375
Location of study inside Canada	38,990	36,650	2,295	35	0	2,315
Same as province or territory of residence	34,870	33,330	1,525	0	0	1,530
Different than province or territory of residence	4,115	3,315	770	30	0	785
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	2,420	2,345	50	25	10	60
United States^Footnote 130	900	885	10	0	0	10
Philippines	45	45	0	0	0	0
India	100	105	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	480	470	10	0	0	10
China^Footnote 132	75	70	0	0	10	0
France	20	0	20	0	0	20
Other	800	765	10	20	0	20
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	82,825	78,465	4,185	95	85	not applicable ...
In the labour force	50,700	48,015	2,610	65	10	not applicable ...
Employed	47,040	44,485	2,490	50	10	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,655	3,525	125	10	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	32,130	30,450	1,575	30	70	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.2	61.2	62.4	68.4	11.8	not applicable ...
Employment rate	56.8	56.7	59.5	52.6	11.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.3	4.8	15.4	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	82,825	78,465	4,185	95	85	4,235
Did not work^Footnote 135	29,890	28,345	1,435	25	75	1,455
Worked	52,940	50,115	2,750	65	15	2,780
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	28,105	26,600	1,460	40	10	1,480
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	24,835	23,520	1,285	25	0	1,300
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	43.3	44.2	45.3	0.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	54,220	51,340	2,795	70	15	2,830
a.Management	5,610	5,345	255	0	10	255
00 Senior management occupations	365	350	15	0	0	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,895	1,730	150	10	0	155
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,725	1,690	25	0	0	30
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,625	1,570	60	0	0	60
b.Professional	6,955	6,495	450	15	0	460
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	780	755	20	0	0	25
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,430	1,350	75	10	0	80
30 Professional occupations in nursing	990	950	40	0	0	40
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	585	540	40	0	0	40
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,820	1,605	210	0	0	215
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	995	950	45	0	0	45
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	360	335	20	0	0	20
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,950	8,115	820	20	0	830
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,710	1,595	115	0	0	115
32 Technical occupations in health	1,360	1,280	80	0	0	80
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,110	1,020	85	0	0	90
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	4,020	3,525	485	10	0	490
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	755	695	60	10	0	60
d.Administration and administrative support	5,640	5,325	305	15	0	310
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,475	2,335	135	10	0	140
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	385	375	10	0	0	10
14 Office support occupations	1,910	1,790	110	10	0	120
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	875	830	45	0	0	50
e.Sales	5,090	4,905	175	0	0	180
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	770	750	20	0	0	20
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,120	2,050	70	0	0	70
66 Sales support occupations	2,200	2,105	90	0	0	90
f.Personal and customer information services	9,790	9,375	405	10	0	405
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,285	1,260	25	0	0	30
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,165	1,105	65	0	0	65
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,675	1,600	70	10	0	70
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	2,215	2,100	115	10	0	120
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,450	3,310	130	0	0	130
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,700	4,505	200	0	0	200
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,900	2,795	100	0	0	105
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,805	1,710	95	0	0	100
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,880	3,790	90	0	0	90
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	595	590	0	0	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,255	2,200	60	0	0	65
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,025	1,005	20	0	0	25
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,345	1,315	30	0	0	30
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	235	225	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	530	530	10	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	580	560	20	0	0	20
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,250	2,180	65	0	0	70
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	560	540	20	0	0	25
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	730	710	25	0	0	25
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	505	490	15	0	0	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	450	450	0	0	0	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	54,220	51,345	2,795	70	10	2,830
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,725	1,695	35	0	0	35
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	1,300	1,270	35	0	0	35
113 Forestry and logging	275	275	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	10	10	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	140	140	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	230	235	0	0	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	50	50	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	95	95	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	85	85	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	905	870	40	0	0	40
221 Utilities	905	865	40	0	0	40
23 Construction	4,735	4,610	125	0	0	125
236 Construction of buildings	1,250	1,215	30	0	0	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,065	1,035	30	0	0	25
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,420	2,360	60	0	0	60
31-33 Manufacturing	3,655	3,555	100	0	0	100
311 Food manufacturing	145	145	0	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	50	45	10	0	0	10
313 Textile mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	25	25	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	40	40	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	515	485	30	0	0	25
322 Paper manufacturing	15	15	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	90	95	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	220	210	0	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	185	175	10	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	75	70	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	290	285	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	250	245	0	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	95	95	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	160	155	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	85	85	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	820	800	20	0	0	25
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	350	345	10	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	210	205	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	945	915	25	0	0	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	20	25	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	30	30	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	55	50	10	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	70	70	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	120	115	10	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	225	220	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	260	255	0	0	0	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	135	130	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	30	25	0	0	0	10
44-45 Retail trade	6,425	6,205	205	10	0	210
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	765	745	25	0	0	25
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	130	125	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	90	90	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	670	655	15	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	1,475	1,425	40	10	10	40
446 Health and personal care stores	490	470	20	0	0	20
447 Gasoline stations	370	370	0	0	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	425	395	30	0	0	30
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	210	195	10	0	0	15
452 General merchandise stores	1,205	1,170	35	0	0	40
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	430	410	15	0	0	20
454 Non-store retailers	160	155	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,510	1,460	50	0	0	50
481 Air transportation	45	35	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	45	45	10	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	470	455	15	0	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	370	370	0	0	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	20	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	195	185	15	0	0	15
491 Postal service	230	230	0	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	90	80	0	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	35	30	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	750	740	15	0	0	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	190	185	10	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	95	100	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	70	75	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	235	230	10	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	0	10	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	150	150	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	880	865	10	0	0	15
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	445	440	0	0	0	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	90	90	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	335	325	10	0	0	10
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	660	640	20	0	0	20
531 Real estate	565	550	15	0	0	15
532 Rental and leasing services	90	85	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,655	3,485	150	25	0	165
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,655	3,480	150	20	0	165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	20	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,390	2,240	140	0	0	145
561 Administrative and support services	2,180	2,040	130	10	0	135
562 Waste management and remediation services	210	200	15	0	0	15
61 Educational services	3,280	2,950	320	0	0	325
611 Educational services	3,280	2,950	325	10	0	325
62 Health care and social assistance	6,980	6,700	280	0	0	285
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,890	1,810	75	0	0	80
622 Hospitals	1,810	1,725	85	0	0	85
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,990	1,950	50	0	0	50
624 Social assistance	1,295	1,220	75	0	0	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	845	810	35	0	0	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	180	165	15	0	0	15
712 Heritage institutions	115	115	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	555	535	20	0	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	3,665	3,550	105	0	10	110
721 Accommodation services	575	550	25	0	0	25
722 Food services and drinking places	3,090	2,995	80	10	10	80
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,260	2,165	95	0	0	90
811 Repair and maintenance	720	695	30	0	0	30
812 Personal and laundry services	735	700	35	0	0	40
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	680	655	25	0	0	25
814 Private households	130	120	0	0	0	10
91 Public administration	8,705	7,640	1,035	25	0	1,050
911 Federal government public administration	7,130	6,120	990	25	0	1,000
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	445	425	20	0	0	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,065	1,040	25	0	0	30
914 Aboriginal public administration	55	55	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	10	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	47,040	44,490	2,490	55	10	2,515
Worked at home	3,385	3,245	140	10	0	140
Worked outside Canada	115	100	15	0	0	20
No fixed workplace address	5,190	4,940	245	10	0	250
Worked at usual place	38,345	36,200	2,085	45	10	2,110
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	54,225	51,345	2,800	70	15	2,830
English	53,350	51,005	2,290	50	10	2,320
French	495	115	375	10	0	375
Non-official language	105	100	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	105	95	0	0	10	0
English and French	240	95	130	15	0	140
English and non-official language	30	30	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	54,220	51,345	2,795	70	15	2,830
None	50,600	49,260	1,270	60	10	1,300
English	310	100	205	0	0	205
French	3,045	1,730	1,305	0	0	1,310
Non-official language	235	225	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	215	205	10	0	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	20	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	38,345	36,205	2,085	45	10	2,110
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,355	14,345	975	25	15	985
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,850	16,990	840	20	0	850
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,765	4,530	235	10	0	235
Commute to a different province or territory	375	335	40	0	0	40
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	43,535	41,140	2,335	50	10	2,365
Car, truck, van - as a driver	37,360	35,210	2,110	35	10	2,130
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,815	2,705	105	0	10	105
Public transit	210	185	25	0	0	25
Walked	2,375	2,305	60	10	10	65
Bicycle	380	345	30	0	0	30
Other method	405	395	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	43,540	41,145	2,340	50	10	2,360
Less than 15 minutes	17,385	16,360	990	25	10	1,005
15 to 29 minutes	12,780	11,990	775	10	0	785
30 to 44 minutes	6,865	6,600	255	10	0	260
45 to 59 minutes	3,055	2,935	120	0	0	115
60 minutes and over	3,455	3,255	195	10	0	200
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	43,540	41,145	2,340	45	10	2,360
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,665	3,485	185	10	0	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,950	10,265	675	15	0	675
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,550	11,800	735	15	0	735
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,960	6,570	380	10	0	385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,520	3,335	180	10	0	180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,885	5,680	195	0	0	195
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	98,150	93,080	4,795	145	130	4,865
Non-movers	86,670	82,285	4,165	135	90	4,225
Movers	11,475	10,790	630	10	40	640
Non-migrants	5,410	5,215	185	0	10	185
Migrants	6,065	5,575	450	10	30	455
Internal migrants	5,830	5,340	445	10	35	455
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	4,430	235	10	30	240
Interprovincial migrants	1,125	910	215	0	0	215
External migrants	240	235	0	0	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	93,620	88,815	4,595	115	95	4,650
Non-movers	62,180	59,390	2,705	60	25	2,735
Movers	31,435	29,425	1,890	55	70	1,915
Non-migrants	13,265	12,770	465	20	10	470
Migrants	18,170	16,650	1,425	35	55	1,440
Internal migrants	17,620	16,135	1,415	30	30	1,435
Intraprovincial migrants	14,090	13,245	795	20	35	805
Interprovincial migrants	3,525	2,890	620	10	0	630
External migrants	550	520	10	0	20	15

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Renfrew

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.2%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.