Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Cochrane

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	78,515	43,930	34,020	465	95	34,250
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	78,515	43,935	34,015	465	95	34,250
0 to 14 years	13,520	9,050	4,315	120	40	4,370
0 to 4 years	4,425	3,055	1,290	50	35	1,315
5 to 9 years	4,680	3,145	1,485	40	10	1,505
10 to 14 years	4,415	2,845	1,540	30	0	1,555
15 to 64 years	52,120	29,275	22,535	285	25	22,680
15 to 19 years	4,715	2,825	1,860	30	0	1,875
20 to 24 years	4,615	2,910	1,680	25	0	1,690
25 to 29 years	4,695	3,080	1,590	25	0	1,600
30 to 34 years	4,580	2,895	1,625	60	0	1,655
35 to 39 years	4,530	2,735	1,780	20	0	1,785
40 to 44 years	4,715	2,565	2,115	30	0	2,135
45 to 49 years	5,200	2,730	2,435	40	0	2,455
50 to 54 years	6,580	3,300	3,260	15	0	3,270
55 to 59 years	6,830	3,360	3,440	15	15	3,445
60 to 64 years	5,665	2,880	2,760	20	0	2,770
65 years and over	12,865	5,615	7,165	60	25	7,195
65 to 69 years	4,535	2,060	2,450	25	0	2,465
70 to 74 years	3,315	1,380	1,925	10	0	1,930
75 to 79 years	2,305	885	1,405	10	0	1,410
80 to 84 years	1,645	770	860	0	10	860
85 years and over	1,070	515	530	15	10	535
85 to 89 years	765	355	395	10	0	395
90 to 94 years	270	145	115	10	0	115
95 to 99 years	40	20	20	0	0	20
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	41.2	37.9	45.4	34.8	40.3	not applicable ...
Median age	42.9	37.1	49.3	32.4	52.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	64,990	34,890	29,705	350	55	29,875
Married or living common law	39,730	20,450	19,070	185	30	19,160
Married	29,785	15,000	14,635	125	20	14,690
Living common law	9,950	5,450	4,435	60	0	4,470
Not married and not living common law	25,260	14,435	10,630	160	25	10,715
Never married	15,690	9,560	6,015	95	15	6,065
Separated	2,275	1,225	1,030	20	0	1,040
Divorced	3,200	1,705	1,465	35	0	1,480
Widowed	4,100	1,950	2,125	20	10	2,130
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	64,990	34,890	29,700	345	55	29,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	63,005	33,475	29,135	340	55	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,390	45,866	44,926	42,818	17,265	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,043	34,461	35,932	26,004	17,727	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	63,015	33,485	29,140	340	55	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,168	38,500	37,853	35,885	16,771	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,891	31,609	32,405	26,004	17,727	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	55,190	29,080	25,820	270	25	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,231	45,634	42,680	43,699	0	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,340	33,722	33,075	25,077	0	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,195	24,195	20,695	250	50	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,267	8,617	9,998	11,085	12,098	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,946	6,866	9,050	12,495	14,299	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,130	25,050	20,835	235	15	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,607	44,970	44,275	37,360	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,193	33,716	37,089	25,050	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.4	86.4	84.2	81.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	72.0	73.4	70.5	59.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.6	13.6	15.8	19.0	63.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	64,990	34,885	29,700	345	55	29,875
Without total income	1,985	1,405	570	0	0	575
With total income	63,005	33,480	29,135	340	55	29,305
Percentage with total income	96.9	96.0	98.1	98.6	100.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,865	4,775	3,030	50	too unreliable to be published F	3,055
$10,000 to $19,999	11,000	5,645	5,270	55	too unreliable to be published F	5,300
$20,000 to $29,999	9,130	4,650	4,395	80	too unreliable to be published F	4,435
$30,000 to $39,999	7,025	3,645	3,325	35	too unreliable to be published F	3,350
$40,000 to $49,999	6,220	3,055	3,140	25	too unreliable to be published F	3,150
$50,000 to $59,999	4,885	2,595	2,275	10	too unreliable to be published F	2,280
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	1,955	1,755	10	too unreliable to be published F	1,760
$70,000 to $79,999	3,020	1,490	1,515	20	too unreliable to be published F	1,525
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	1,150	1,080	15	too unreliable to be published F	1,085
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	1,340	1,095	10	too unreliable to be published F	1,105
$100,000 and over	5,455	3,175	2,255	25	too unreliable to be published F	2,265
$100,000 to $149,999	4,365	2,480	1,860	20	too unreliable to be published F	1,875
$150,000 and over	1,090	690	390	10	too unreliable to be published F	390
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	64,990	34,885	29,705	345	55	29,875
Without after-tax income	1,975	1,400	565	10	0	570
With after-tax income	63,015	33,485	29,140	340	55	29,305
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.0	98.1	98.6	100.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,090	4,900	3,120	50	too unreliable to be published F	3,150
$10,000 to $19,999	11,525	5,895	5,545	60	too unreliable to be published F	5,570
$20,000 to $29,999	10,270	5,235	4,930	100	too unreliable to be published F	4,975
$30,000 to $39,999	8,390	4,275	4,075	40	too unreliable to be published F	4,095
$40,000 to $49,999	7,135	3,570	3,555	10	too unreliable to be published F	3,565
$50,000 to $59,999	5,135	2,700	2,410	25	too unreliable to be published F	2,420
$60,000 to $69,999	3,815	1,910	1,880	25	too unreliable to be published F	1,890
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410	1,880	1,520	10	too unreliable to be published F	1,520
$80,000 and over	5,250	3,125	2,105	25	too unreliable to be published F	2,115
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	1,285	940	20	too unreliable to be published F	950
$90,000 to $99,999	1,225	675	550	0	too unreliable to be published F	550
$100,000 and over	1,785	1,165	610	10	too unreliable to be published F	615
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	64,995	34,885	29,705	345	55	29,880
Without employment income	18,855	9,835	8,870	115	35	8,925
With employment income	46,135	25,050	20,835	235	15	20,950
Percentage with employment income	71.0	71.8	70.1	68.1	27.3	70.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,885	3,940	2,905	40	too unreliable to be published F	2,925
$5,000 to $9,999	3,805	2,125	1,655	30	too unreliable to be published F	1,670
$10,000 to $19,999	5,525	2,970	2,515	40	too unreliable to be published F	2,535
$20,000 to $29,999	4,675	2,620	2,030	20	too unreliable to be published F	2,045
$30,000 to $39,999	4,045	2,145	1,875	25	too unreliable to be published F	1,885
$40,000 to $49,999	4,100	2,080	2,015	0	too unreliable to be published F	2,020
$50,000 to $59,999	3,480	1,840	1,635	10	too unreliable to be published F	1,640
$60,000 to $69,999	2,725	1,405	1,310	10	too unreliable to be published F	1,315
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345	1,075	1,250	25	too unreliable to be published F	1,260
$80,000 and over	8,535	4,850	3,645	35	too unreliable to be published F	3,660
$80,000 to $89,999	1,860	1,055	795	10	too unreliable to be published F	800
$90,000 to $99,999	2,225	1,190	1,030	0	too unreliable to be published F	1,030
$100,000 and over	4,450	2,610	1,815	25	too unreliable to be published F	1,825
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	64,995	34,885	29,705	350	55	29,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	20,265	11,070	9,095	105	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	57,590	57,488	57,978	60,256	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	65,114	66,258	63,818	56,629	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	78,510	43,930	34,020	460	95	34,255
English only	33,575	33,575	0	0	0	0
French only	3,630	0	3,630	0	0	3,630
English and French	41,195	10,340	30,390	465	0	30,620
Neither English nor French	115	15	0	0	95	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	78,510	43,935	34,020	465	95	34,255
English	50,490	41,585	8,905	0	0	8,905
French	24,410	425	23,980	0	0	23,985
Non-official language	1,350	1,190	10	50	95	35
Aboriginal	695	630	0	0	60	10
Non-Aboriginal	655	560	10	45	40	30
English and French	1,705	235	1,075	395	0	1,270
English and non-official language	500	495	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	35	0	30	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	30	0	10	20	0	15
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	78,510	43,935	34,020	465	95	34,250
None	57,490	37,480	19,495	435	80	19,710
English	10,145	940	9,185	10	10	9,190
French	9,075	3,840	5,235	0	0	5,240
Non-official language	1,700	1,625	60	10	0	65
Aboriginal	890	865	20	0	0	25
Non-Aboriginal	810	760	40	10	0	45
English and French	15	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	40	0	40	0	0	35
French and non-official language	45	45	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	78,510	43,935	34,020	465	95	34,250
English	38,855	38,855	0	0	0	0
French	34,065	330	33,735	0	0	33,730
Non-official language	3,675	3,495	25	60	95	55
Aboriginal	1,625	1,560	0	0	60	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,050	1,935	25	55	30	50
English and French	1,445	800	255	385	0	450
English and non-official language	440	440	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	20	0	0	20	0	10
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	78,515	43,935	34,020	460	95	34,250
Official languages	78,400	43,920	34,015	465	0	34,250
English	74,770	43,915	30,390	465	0	30,625
French	44,825	10,340	34,015	465	0	34,255
Non-official languages	5,485	4,850	455	85	95	495
Aboriginal languages	2,325	2,210	55	0	60	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,160	2,645	400	85	35	440
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	78,510	43,935	34,020	460	95	34,255
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	12,835	10,400	2,300	65	60	2,335
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	12,660	10,275	2,255	65	60	2,285
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	8,675	8,255	345	15	60	350
Métis	3,905	1,975	1,880	50	0	1,905
Inuk (Inuit)	75	50	35	0	0	30
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	60	40	20	0	0	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	120	85	30	0	0	30
Non-Aboriginal identity	65,675	33,530	31,715	395	30	31,915
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	78,510	43,930	34,020	465	95	34,250
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	8,345	7,915	350	25	60	365
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,165	36,020	33,665	440	35	33,890
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	78,510	43,935	34,020	465	95	34,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	6,435	5,815	530	45	50	550
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	6,340	5,760	495	40	45	515
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	5,765	5,565	145	10	50	145
Métis single ancestry	545	165	345	30	0	360
Inuit single ancestry	35	30	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	90	55	30	10	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	45	10	30	0	0	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	35	35	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	8,035	5,115	2,885	35	10	2,900
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	7,730	4,910	2,785	30	10	2,800
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,080	3,095	965	15	0	970
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,575	1,775	1,785	20	0	1,795
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	45	35	0	0	35
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	305	205	95	0	0	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	260	155	100	10	0	100
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	40	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	64,040	33,005	30,610	385	35	30,800
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	78,510	43,935	34,020	460	95	34,255
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	77,865	43,315	34,005	460	85	34,235
Canadian citizens only	77,555	43,060	33,980	430	85	34,195
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	310	255	30	25	0	40
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	645	615	15	10	10	15
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	78,515	43,935	34,020	465	95	34,255
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	76,220	41,820	33,915	415	70	34,125
Immigrants^Footnote 42	2,165	2,005	100	45	20	120
Before 1981	1,105	1,020	50	20	10	60
1981 to 1990	170	155	15	0	0	15
1991 to 2000	235	220	10	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	400	360	10	20	0	20
2001 to 2005	190	155	10	15	10	15
2006 to 2010	210	200	0	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	265	255	15	0	0	15
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	120	110	0	0	10	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	2,170	2,005	95	50	15	125
Under 5 years	370	325	30	10	0	35
5 to 14 years	475	455	10	15	0	15
15 to 24 years	465	440	25	0	0	25
25 to 44 years	775	715	25	20	10	35
45 years and over	80	65	10	0	0	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	2,170	2,005	95	45	15	120
Americas	350	310	30	15	0	40
Brazil	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	10	0	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	195	170	15	0	0	20
Other places of birth in Americas	80	80	10	0	0	10
Europe	1,155	1,060	50	35	10	65
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	40	40	0	0	0	0
France	35	10	25	0	0	25
Germany	155	155	0	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungary	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	230	210	10	15	0	10
Netherlands	55	55	0	0	0	0
Poland	50	50	0	0	0	0
Portugal	45	40	0	0	0	0
Romania	40	20	10	10	0	10
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	290	290	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	160	145	10	10	10	10
Africa	160	140	15	0	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	55	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	10	0	0	15
Asia	500	490	0	0	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	90	90	0	0	10	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	15	20	0	0	0	0
India	95	90	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	20	20	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Philippines	170	165	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	40	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	265	250	15	0	0	15
Americas	75	70	10	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	45	40	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	10	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	30	30	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	20	0	0	0	0
Africa	65	55	10	0	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	25	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	100	100	0	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	30	30	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	45	50	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	78,510	43,930	34,020	465	95	34,250
First generation^Footnote 71	2,410	2,225	115	45	20	140
Second generation^Footnote 72	4,865	4,335	490	30	0	505
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	71,235	37,370	33,415	390	70	33,600
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	1,090	995	60	30	10	70
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	550	510	15	20	10	25
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	240	215	10	10	0	15
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	310	295	10	10	0	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	445	405	30	10	0	35
Refugees^Footnote 79	95	80	15	0	0	15
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	78,510	43,930	34,020	465	95	34,250
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	1,265	1,160	80	10	15	80
South Asian^Footnote 83	240	235	0	0	10	0
Chinese	230	220	0	0	0	0
Black	275	230	50	0	0	45
Filipino	215	205	10	0	0	0
Latin American	110	90	10	0	0	10
Arab	25	25	0	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	35	35	0	0	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	35	30	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	20	10	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	35	25	0	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	35	35	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	77,250	42,775	33,940	455	75	34,175
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	78,510	43,935	34,015	465	95	34,250
North American Aboriginal origins	14,475	10,930	3,410	75	60	3,450
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,230	8,905	1,240	30	60	1,250
Inuit	205	160	40	0	0	40
Métis	4,440	2,125	2,265	55	0	2,290
Other North American origins	42,900	17,025	25,635	220	20	25,745
Acadian	110	50	70	0	0	70
American	395	260	130	0	0	130
Canadian	42,355	16,795	25,325	220	20	25,435
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	60	55	10	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	85	15	70	0	0	70
Québécois	190	40	150	0	0	150
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	48,115	29,630	18,135	325	20	18,300
British Isles origins	24,560	20,370	4,045	145	0	4,120
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	13,235	11,085	2,075	70	0	2,110
Irish	10,095	8,335	1,690	70	0	1,725
Manx	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	8,900	7,975	905	25	0	920
Welsh	590	550	40	0	0	40
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,040	975	70	0	0	70
French origins	28,745	11,640	16,855	240	0	16,980
Alsatian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	10	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	28,740	11,635	16,855	240	0	16,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,650	5,050	570	30	0	590
Austrian	185	170	15	0	0	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	215	165	40	10	0	45
Dutch	1,345	1,265	75	0	0	75
Flemish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	4,105	3,670	425	15	0	430
Luxembourger	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swiss	205	155	50	0	0	50
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,400	2,140	240	15	10	250
Danish	165	160	10	0	0	10
Finnish	1,305	1,180	110	10	0	110
Icelandic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	495	455	35	10	0	40
Swedish	435	390	45	0	0	50
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	100	60	40	0	0	40
Eastern European origins	4,390	3,875	465	45	0	490
Bulgarian	40	10	20	0	0	25
Byelorussian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Czech	85	80	0	0	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	60	55	0	0	0	0
Estonian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	225	225	0	0	0	0
Latvian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	85	80	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,150	1,825	290	30	0	305
Romanian	220	190	20	10	0	25
Russian	390	360	20	10	0	25
Slovak	170	130	40	0	0	40
Ukrainian	1,540	1,455	85	10	0	85
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	15	10	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	4,770	4,135	555	65	10	585
Albanian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	450	425	25	0	0	30
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	120	100	25	0	0	20
Italian	3,465	3,035	395	30	0	415
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Maltese	25	20	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	240	170	50	15	0	60
Serbian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Spanish	320	225	75	20	10	80
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	100	95	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	165	145	25	0	0	25
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	85	85	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	65	45	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins	235	205	30	0	0	30
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	30	25	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	130	115	20	0	0	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	10	10	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	20	15	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	220	160	50	15	0	55
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Chilean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Colombian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	15	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	10	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mexican	60	30	10	15	0	20
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	10
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	0	10	0	0	0	0
African origins	285	230	55	0	0	55
Central and West African origins	60	50	0	0	0	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	30	30	0	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	65	65	10	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	35	35	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	130	85	50	0	0	45
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	10	10	10	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	120	80	40	0	0	40
Asian origins	1,025	930	80	0	10	85
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	135	135	0	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	10	10	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	50	45	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	215	205	0	0	10	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	175	170	10	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	40	35	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	10	10	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	670	595	70	0	0	70
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese	375	335	35	0	10	35
Filipino	240	225	15	0	0	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	20	10	0	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	40	15	0	0	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	30	30	0	0	0	0
Australian	20	20	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	64,990	34,885	29,705	345	55	29,875
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,950	9,050	8,760	95	45	8,805
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	16,700	8,970	7,665	65	10	7,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,340	16,865	13,285	185	0	13,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,475	3,135	3,290	55	0	3,315
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	3,265	1,510	1,720	30	0	1,740
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	3,210	1,620	1,570	20	0	1,580
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,265	9,160	7,010	95	0	7,060
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	950	510	440	0	0	440
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,645	4,065	2,545	35	10	2,560
Bachelor's degree	5,075	3,055	1,995	25	0	2,005
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	500	280	220	0	0	215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	130	40	0	0	40
Master's degree	810	550	245	10	0	250
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	90	45	40	10	0	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	64,995	34,885	29,705	345	55	29,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	34,655	18,020	16,420	160	50	16,500
Education	2,230	1,055	1,170	0	0	1,175
13. Education	2,235	1,055	1,175	10	0	1,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	400	235	160	0	0	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	50	60	0	0	65
50. Visual and performing arts	285	190	100	0	0	100
Humanities	880	550	325	10	10	330
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	30	30	0	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	165	135	25	0	0	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	115	75	0	10	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0	0	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	70	30	0	0	30
54. History	150	120	30	0	0	30
55. French language and literature/letters	115	20	95	0	0	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,480	1,450	1,015	15	0	1,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	20	0	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	85	40	0	0	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	455	325	0	0	325
22. Legal professions and studies	400	215	180	0	0	175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	45	35	15	0	0	15
42. Psychology	505	235	270	0	0	270
45. Social sciences	590	400	185	10	0	190
Business, management and public administration	5,550	2,925	2,590	35	0	2,610
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,115	680	425	10	0	430
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,420	2,230	2,165	25	0	2,175
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	465	140	15	0	145
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	185	50	10	0	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	45	15	0	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	20	10	15	0	0	15
40. Physical sciences	240	205	40	0	0	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	30	20	0	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	460	290	160	10	0	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	230	110	10	0	115
25. Library science	55	30	25	0	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	20	0	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,655	4,620	3,975	60	0	4,010
04. Architecture and related services	140	85	50	0	0	55
14. Engineering	455	300	155	0	0	155
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,120	1,270	835	15	0	845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,665	940	715	10	0	715
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,375	1,600	1,740	30	0	1,755
48. Precision production	900	425	480	0	0	480
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	875	535	345	0	0	340
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	185	115	75	0	0	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	695	425	270	0	0	270
Health and related fields	5,405	3,325	2,060	20	0	2,070
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	305	210	85	0	0	85
51. Health professions and related programs	5,080	3,090	1,980	15	0	1,980
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	25	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,770	1,425	1,330	15	0	1,340
12. Personal and culinary services	1,050	420	625	0	0	630
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	720	465	255	0	0	255
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,000	535	450	10	0	455
Other	15	0	15	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	64,990	34,885	29,705	345	55	29,875
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,650	18,020	16,420	160	50	16,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	30,340	16,870	13,280	185	0	13,380
Location of study inside Canada	29,560	16,190	13,205	170	0	13,290
Same as province or territory of residence	28,275	15,495	12,620	155	0	12,700
Different than province or territory of residence	1,285	690	580	15	0	590
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	775	680	80	15	0	90
United States^Footnote 130	255	205	45	0	0	50
Philippines	75	70	0	0	0	0
India	70	70	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	80	75	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 132	15	10	0	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other	275	245	25	10	0	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	64,995	34,885	29,705	350	50	not applicable ...
In the labour force	39,860	21,710	17,930	200	15	not applicable ...
Employed	36,275	19,595	16,475	190	15	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,580	2,120	1,455	10	0	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	25,130	13,175	11,770	145	35	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.3	62.2	60.4	57.1	30.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.8	56.2	55.5	54.3	30.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.8	8.1	5.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	64,990	34,885	29,705	345	50	29,880
Did not work^Footnote 135	22,810	12,055	10,595	130	35	10,655
Worked	42,180	22,830	19,115	215	15	19,220
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	20,725	11,335	9,280	110	0	9,335
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	21,460	11,505	9,830	105	15	9,885
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	41.8	42.1	42.7	14.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	43,335	23,565	19,530	225	20	19,645
a.Management	3,535	2,040	1,480	20	0	1,485
00 Senior management occupations	320	150	165	0	0	165
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	860	525	335	10	0	335
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,515	870	635	0	0	645
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	840	490	340	15	0	345
b.Professional	5,465	3,155	2,285	30	0	2,295
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	610	315	295	0	0	300
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	705	450	250	10	0	255
30 Professional occupations in nursing	835	530	300	10	0	305
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	430	300	125	10	0	130
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,705	860	840	10	0	845
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,010	595	420	0	0	420
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	170	110	55	0	0	55
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,360	2,630	1,710	20	0	1,720
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,330	875	455	10	0	455
32 Technical occupations in health	1,000	590	410	10	0	410
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,165	685	475	10	0	480
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	420	285	130	10	0	130
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	435	190	245	0	0	240
d.Administration and administrative support	4,750	2,375	2,360	15	0	2,365
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,885	925	955	0	0	960
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	505	270	230	0	0	225
14 Office support occupations	1,770	875	880	10	0	885
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	595	300	295	0	0	295
e.Sales	4,250	2,415	1,805	25	0	1,815
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	670	395	270	10	0	275
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,715	925	780	0	10	785
66 Sales support occupations	1,865	1,100	755	10	10	755
f.Personal and customer information services	8,015	4,580	3,390	35	10	3,410
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	855	505	345	0	0	345
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,020	550	470	0	0	470
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,325	720	590	10	0	600
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,800	1,090	695	20	0	700
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,015	1,710	1,290	0	0	1,300
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,320	2,100	2,180	35	0	2,200
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,065	1,040	1,010	0	0	1,015
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,255	1,060	1,175	30	0	1,185
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,310	2,125	2,160	25	0	2,170
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	425	235	190	0	0	190
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,955	1,395	1,540	25	0	1,545
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	925	495	430	0	0	430
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,695	1,410	1,280	10	0	1,280
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,800	955	835	0	0	845
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	405	210	190	0	0	190
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	495	240	245	0	0	250
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,645	745	895	10	0	900
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	520	225	290	10	0	295
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	535	270	260	0	0	265
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	115	50	65	0	0	65
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	475	195	275	0	0	280
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	43,340	23,565	19,535	220	15	19,645
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,110	460	640	10	0	650
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	245	160	85	0	0	80
113 Forestry and logging	615	145	470	10	0	470
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	10	15	0	0	20
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	220	150	70	0	0	75
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,390	2,585	1,785	20	0	1,795
211 Oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	3,595	2,110	1,460	20	0	1,470
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	765	450	320	0	0	320
22 Utilities	630	355	270	0	0	270
221 Utilities	630	355	270	0	0	275
23 Construction	3,285	1,670	1,600	25	0	1,605
236 Construction of buildings	970	520	445	10	0	450
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	740	385	350	0	0	355
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,570	765	800	10	0	805
31-33 Manufacturing	2,550	985	1,560	0	0	1,565
311 Food manufacturing	105	45	60	0	0	60
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	10	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	10	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,170	380	790	0	0	790
322 Paper manufacturing	470	150	315	0	0	315
323 Printing and related support activities	35	15	25	0	0	20
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	15	0	15	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	25	15	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	25	15	0	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	80	45	40	0	0	40
331 Primary metal manufacturing	45	25	20	0	0	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	200	85	110	0	0	115
333 Machinery manufacturing	130	65	65	0	0	65
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	20	10	0	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	115	50	65	0	0	65
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	25	10	15	0	0	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	35	25	10	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	885	480	405	0	0	405
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	65	30	40	0	0	35
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	125	50	70	0	0	70
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	30	25	10	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	45	25	25	0	0	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	180	130	50	0	0	55
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	325	165	160	0	0	165
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	105	55	50	0	0	50
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	10	0	10	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,595	3,165	2,395	20	10	2,410
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	760	360	390	0	0	395
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	125	95	35	0	0	35
443 Electronics and appliance stores	120	65	50	0	0	50
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	515	235	280	0	0	275
445 Food and beverage stores	1,530	975	550	0	10	550
446 Health and personal care stores	455	285	175	0	0	180
447 Gasoline stations	340	160	180	0	0	180
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	260	155	105	0	0	105
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	205	95	110	0	0	105
452 General merchandise stores	915	560	350	0	0	350
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	285	150	130	10	0	130
454 Non-store retailers	80	40	45	0	0	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,205	1,095	1,090	15	0	1,100
481 Air transportation	255	190	55	10	0	55
482 Rail transportation	205	135	70	0	0	70
483 Water transportation	30	20	15	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	715	300	415	0	0	420
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	495	205	275	10	0	285
486 Pipeline transportation	15	10	10	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	210	120	90	0	0	90
491 Postal service	120	50	70	0	0	70
492 Couriers and messengers	115	55	60	0	0	65
493 Warehousing and storage	40	20	25	0	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	465	265	185	15	0	195
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	90	60	30	0	0	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	10	10	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	70	25	40	0	0	45
517 Telecommunications	215	145	60	10	0	65
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	10	0	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	80	25	45	0	0	50
52 Finance and insurance	1,000	435	560	10	0	565
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	540	230	315	0	0	310
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	115	70	50	0	0	50
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	335	130	195	10	0	195
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	10	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	420	230	190	10	0	195
531 Real estate	325	170	150	0	0	150
532 Rental and leasing services	100	60	40	0	0	40
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,465	870	580	15	0	590
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,465	870	580	15	0	590
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0	0	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,410	875	530	10	0	535
561 Administrative and support services	1,320	830	485	0	0	490
562 Waste management and remediation services	90	45	45	0	0	45
61 Educational services	3,290	1,605	1,670	15	0	1,675
611 Educational services	3,290	1,605	1,670	15	0	1,680
62 Health care and social assistance	6,170	3,550	2,580	30	0	2,595
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,485	890	575	15	0	585
622 Hospitals	1,995	1,165	835	10	0	830
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,335	740	595	0	0	595
624 Social assistance	1,345	760	575	10	0	580
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	590	330	255	10	0	260
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	75	45	35	0	0	30
712 Heritage institutions	55	35	15	0	0	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	465	255	210	0	0	215
72 Accommodation and food services	3,050	1,890	1,140	20	0	1,150
721 Accommodation services	590	330	250	10	0	255
722 Food services and drinking places	2,465	1,560	890	10	0	900
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,015	955	1,045	10	0	1,050
811 Repair and maintenance	830	335	485	10	0	490
812 Personal and laundry services	605	280	320	0	10	320
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	495	310	185	0	0	185
814 Private households	85	35	45	0	0	50
91 Public administration	2,790	1,760	1,030	10	0	1,035
911 Federal government public administration	570	330	235	0	0	240
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	855	575	280	0	0	280
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,135	625	500	10	0	505
914 Aboriginal public administration	240	225	10	0	0	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	36,275	19,590	16,475	195	15	16,570
Worked at home	1,335	740	575	20	0	585
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	3,375	1,705	1,640	30	0	1,655
Worked at usual place	31,545	17,135	14,250	150	10	14,325
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	43,335	23,565	19,535	220	20	19,645
English	32,825	22,365	10,355	95	0	10,400
French	7,480	535	6,915	25	0	6,930
Non-official language	125	120	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal	90	90	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	40	30	0	0	10	0
English and French	2,820	470	2,250	105	0	2,300
English and non-official language	75	75	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	43,340	23,570	19,535	220	15	19,645
None	27,490	19,690	7,640	145	20	7,710
English	4,760	430	4,305	20	0	4,315
French	10,600	2,980	7,565	55	0	7,595
Non-official language	475	465	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal	360	355	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	115	110	0	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	0	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	31,550	17,130	14,255	150	15	14,330
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,160	14,470	11,550	125	15	11,610
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,360	2,070	2,280	10	0	2,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	875	505	365	15	0	370
Commute to a different province or territory	150	85	65	0	0	60
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	34,920	18,840	15,895	175	10	15,985
Car, truck, van - as a driver	26,610	13,635	12,850	120	0	12,915
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,780	1,685	1,080	10	10	1,090
Public transit	1,280	805	460	10	0	470
Walked	3,215	2,075	1,105	25	0	1,120
Bicycle	265	125	140	0	0	140
Other method	775	510	250	10	0	260
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	34,925	18,835	15,895	180	10	15,985
Less than 15 minutes	20,520	10,575	9,840	90	10	9,885
15 to 29 minutes	8,555	4,935	3,575	50	0	3,600
30 to 44 minutes	2,730	1,680	1,040	15	0	1,040
45 to 59 minutes	1,040	630	395	15	0	405
60 minutes and over	2,075	1,020	1,045	15	0	1,050
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	34,920	18,835	15,895	175	15	15,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,050	1,585	1,440	30	0	1,450
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,580	3,470	3,085	25	0	3,100
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,290	4,225	4,015	50	0	4,040
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,585	4,830	3,740	10	10	3,740
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,620	1,440	1,175	10	0	1,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,790	3,280	2,445	55	0	2,475
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	77,745	43,400	33,820	445	80	34,040
Non-movers	68,645	37,575	30,660	370	50	30,835
Movers	9,100	5,830	3,165	75	35	3,205
Non-migrants	6,315	3,980	2,275	70	0	2,310
Migrants	2,785	1,845	890	10	30	895
Internal migrants	2,695	1,770	885	10	30	890
Intraprovincial migrants	2,475	1,630	805	10	35	810
Interprovincial migrants	220	140	80	0	0	80
External migrants	85	75	0	0	0	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	74,085	40,875	32,730	415	60	32,940
Non-movers	49,375	25,490	23,620	215	40	23,730
Movers	24,710	15,390	9,110	200	20	9,210
Non-migrants	16,250	9,615	6,520	125	0	6,580
Migrants	8,460	5,775	2,590	75	20	2,630
Internal migrants	8,090	5,455	2,550	70	20	2,580
Intraprovincial migrants	7,295	4,980	2,240	55	15	2,265
Interprovincial migrants	795	475	310	15	0	315
External migrants	365	325	40	0	0	45

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Cochrane

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 7.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.