Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Thunder Bay

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	143,085	138,020	4,460	160	445	4,535
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	143,085	138,025	4,460	155	445	4,540
0 to 14 years	21,820	21,440	280	40	60	305
0 to 4 years	6,920	6,765	75	30	50	90
5 to 9 years	7,430	7,315	95	10	0	100
10 to 14 years	7,475	7,360	110	10	0	115
15 to 64 years	94,940	91,775	2,970	105	80	3,025
15 to 19 years	8,130	7,985	110	30	0	120
20 to 24 years	9,310	9,195	110	0	0	115
25 to 29 years	8,915	8,705	195	10	10	195
30 to 34 years	8,245	8,020	200	10	10	205
35 to 39 years	7,960	7,695	245	10	15	250
40 to 44 years	8,150	7,890	245	15	0	255
45 to 49 years	9,310	8,970	325	15	0	335
50 to 54 years	11,420	10,930	465	10	10	470
55 to 59 years	12,480	11,870	595	10	10	595
60 to 64 years	11,020	10,515	485	0	15	485
65 years and over	26,325	24,805	1,205	0	305	1,210
65 to 69 years	9,295	8,830	425	0	40	425
70 to 74 years	6,335	6,005	285	0	40	285
75 to 79 years	4,615	4,345	205	0	60	205
80 to 84 years	3,330	3,095	170	0	70	170
85 years and over	2,750	2,530	120	10	95	125
85 to 89 years	1,835	1,675	95	0	55	100
90 to 94 years	790	740	20	0	35	20
95 to 99 years	115	105	10	0	10	0
100 years and over	15	15	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.5	42.2	52.1	28.4	63.5	not applicable ...
Median age	44.4	43.9	55.7	24.2	75.1	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	121,260	116,580	4,180	115	385	4,235
Married or living common law	68,710	65,645	2,805	55	205	2,835
Married	54,590	52,205	2,145	50	200	2,170
Living common law	14,115	13,440	660	0	0	665
Not married and not living common law	52,550	50,940	1,370	60	180	1,405
Never married	33,610	32,910	625	45	30	655
Separated	4,120	3,980	135	10	0	135
Divorced	7,265	6,935	320	10	10	320
Widowed	7,550	7,120	300	0	140	295
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	121,260	116,585	4,180	120	385	4,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	117,565	112,950	4,140	105	375	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,707	44,649	48,759	37,223	19,678	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,898	35,936	39,406	14,393	17,779	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	117,610	112,995	4,140	100	380	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,789	37,747	40,854	30,584	19,059	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,635	32,638	35,408	14,393	17,779	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	104,515	100,545	3,655	85	220	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,927	42,890	46,104	37,145	9,747	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,290	33,311	35,903	13,536	5,618	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,730	83,360	2,940	60	365	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,872	8,764	11,226	8,855	14,406	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,769	7,636	10,363	6,852	15,317	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,080	81,160	2,810	75	35	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,491	42,240	50,248	33,948	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,000	33,750	44,522	22,521	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.4	85.5	83.5	84.8	28.7	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	68.0	68.0	69.9	65.1	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.6	14.5	16.4	13.1	71.3	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	121,260	116,580	4,180	115	385	4,235
Without total income	3,695	3,630	45	10	0	50
With total income	117,570	112,950	4,140	100	380	4,185
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	99.0	87.0	98.7	98.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,625	14,125	390	too unreliable to be published F	75	410
$10,000 to $19,999	19,065	18,335	565	too unreliable to be published F	155	565
$20,000 to $29,999	16,470	15,695	670	too unreliable to be published F	90	675
$30,000 to $39,999	14,330	13,805	465	too unreliable to be published F	50	470
$40,000 to $49,999	13,035	12,565	450	too unreliable to be published F	0	455
$50,000 to $59,999	10,640	10,245	385	too unreliable to be published F	0	385
$60,000 to $69,999	7,695	7,400	290	too unreliable to be published F	0	290
$70,000 to $79,999	5,385	5,220	165	too unreliable to be published F	0	165
$80,000 to $89,999	4,395	4,190	205	too unreliable to be published F	0	205
$90,000 to $99,999	3,735	3,565	165	too unreliable to be published F	0	170
$100,000 and over	8,195	7,795	395	too unreliable to be published F	0	390
$100,000 to $149,999	6,100	5,795	305	too unreliable to be published F	0	300
$150,000 and over	2,090	2,005	90	too unreliable to be published F	0	90
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	121,260	116,580	4,180	115	385	4,235
Without after-tax income	3,650	3,590	40	15	10	50
With after-tax income	117,610	112,995	4,135	100	380	4,190
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	98.9	87.0	98.7	98.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,135	14,605	415	too unreliable to be published F	75	435
$10,000 to $19,999	20,030	19,270	595	too unreliable to be published F	155	600
$20,000 to $29,999	18,965	18,125	730	too unreliable to be published F	100	735
$30,000 to $39,999	17,350	16,680	610	too unreliable to be published F	50	610
$40,000 to $49,999	14,995	14,495	490	too unreliable to be published F	10	495
$50,000 to $59,999	10,270	9,860	410	too unreliable to be published F	0	415
$60,000 to $69,999	7,035	6,745	285	too unreliable to be published F	0	290
$70,000 to $79,999	5,455	5,210	235	too unreliable to be published F	0	240
$80,000 and over	8,370	7,995	365	too unreliable to be published F	10	370
$80,000 to $89,999	3,425	3,295	130	too unreliable to be published F	10	130
$90,000 to $99,999	1,665	1,580	85	too unreliable to be published F	0	85
$100,000 and over	3,280	3,120	155	too unreliable to be published F	0	155
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	121,265	116,580	4,180	115	385	4,240
Without employment income	37,180	35,420	1,370	40	345	1,390
With employment income	84,080	81,165	2,805	75	35	2,850
Percentage with employment income	69.3	69.6	67.1	65.2	9.1	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,045	12,655	370	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	370
$5,000 to $9,999	6,380	6,195	160	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	170
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	10,135	295	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	300
$20,000 to $29,999	8,890	8,605	270	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$30,000 to $39,999	8,225	8,015	215	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	215
$40,000 to $49,999	8,135	7,840	285	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	290
$50,000 to $59,999	7,135	6,935	200	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	200
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	4,930	250	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	250
$70,000 to $79,999	3,840	3,700	135	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$80,000 and over	12,800	12,155	640	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	645
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545	3,375	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	175
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	2,950	165	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	170
$100,000 and over	6,130	5,835	295	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	300
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	121,260	116,580	4,180	115	385	4,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	36,750	35,470	1,255	20	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	55,236	54,934	64,710	0	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	62,853	62,495	73,041	0	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	143,080	138,025	4,460	160	445	4,540
English only	130,095	130,095	0	0	0	0
French only	235	0	235	0	0	235
English and French	12,285	7,905	4,220	155	0	4,300
Neither English nor French	465	25	0	0	445	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	143,080	138,020	4,460	160	445	4,535
English	134,630	132,025	2,600	0	0	2,600
French	1,750	70	1,680	0	0	1,675
Non-official language	4,115	3,605	10	60	445	35
Aboriginal	445	435	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,670	3,165	0	65	440	35
English and French	365	125	160	80	0	200
English and non-official language	2,180	2,180	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	10	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	20	0	15	0	15
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	143,080	138,025	4,460	160	445	4,535
None	132,250	129,290	2,455	110	395	2,510
English	2,885	1,900	910	40	35	930
French	2,665	1,615	1,050	0	0	1,050
Non-official language	5,210	5,165	25	10	10	30
Aboriginal	1,055	1,060	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	4,155	4,105	25	10	15	30
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	50	10	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	143,085	138,025	4,460	155	445	4,540
English	121,945	121,935	10	0	0	10
French	4,730	340	4,390	0	0	4,390
Non-official language	14,490	13,945	20	80	445	55
Aboriginal	1,730	1,720	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,755	12,230	20	80	435	55
English and French	490	390	25	70	0	65
English and non-official language	1,385	1,385	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	15	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	20	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	143,085	138,020	4,460	155	445	4,535
Official languages	142,615	138,000	4,460	160	0	4,535
English	142,380	138,000	4,220	160	0	4,300
French	12,520	7,905	4,460	155	0	4,535
Non-official languages	18,760	18,045	180	90	445	225
Aboriginal languages	2,800	2,790	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,975	15,275	180	90	435	220
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	143,080	138,020	4,455	160	445	4,535
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	21,760	21,270	465	15	10	475
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	21,380	20,900	460	15	10	460
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	17,020	16,935	75	0	10	80
Métis	4,330	3,935	380	15	0	385
Inuk (Inuit)	30	30	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	180	180	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	195	185	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	121,325	116,755	3,990	145	435	4,065
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	143,085	138,025	4,455	160	445	4,540
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	15,960	15,855	90	0	10	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,125	122,165	4,365	160	435	4,445
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	143,085	138,020	4,460	160	445	4,540
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	9,640	9,575	55	0	10	55
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	9,600	9,540	50	0	10	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	9,170	9,130	30	0	10	30
Métis single ancestry	410	390	20	0	0	20
Inuit single ancestry	15	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	40	35	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	35	35	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	12,825	12,295	520	15	0	530
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	12,440	11,925	510	0	0	510
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,815	8,565	245	0	0	250
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,575	3,305	265	0	0	265
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	50	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	390	365	15	10	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	310	15	10	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	40	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	120,615	116,155	3,880	140	435	3,955
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	143,080	138,020	4,460	160	445	4,535
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	140,235	135,355	4,415	130	325	4,485
Canadian citizens only	137,930	133,140	4,385	120	285	4,440
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,305	2,215	35	10	45	40
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	2,850	2,665	45	30	115	55
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	143,080	138,020	4,460	155	445	4,540
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	130,400	125,900	4,335	105	60	4,395
Immigrants^Footnote 42	11,710	11,185	110	45	365	130
Before 1981	7,690	7,400	55	0	230	60
1981 to 1990	990	940	10	10	35	15
1991 to 2000	995	970	0	0	25	10
2001 to 2010	1,270	1,215	0	10	40	10
2001 to 2005	560	545	0	0	10	10
2006 to 2010	705	670	10	10	25	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	765	665	35	20	40	45
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	970	935	10	0	15	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	11,710	11,185	115	45	370	135
Under 5 years	1,930	1,920	10	10	0	10
5 to 14 years	2,515	2,475	20	0	15	20
15 to 24 years	3,170	3,075	25	10	60	25
25 to 44 years	3,700	3,415	55	20	205	65
45 years and over	395	305	0	0	80	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	11,710	11,185	110	45	365	135
Americas	1,425	1,410	10	0	10	0
Brazil	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	55	50	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	30	30	0	0	0	0
Guyana	10	15	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	35	0	0	0	0
Mexico	60	60	0	0	0	0
Peru	20	20	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	35	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,015	1,010	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	145	0	0	10	0
Europe	7,990	7,635	60	15	265	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	25	0	0	0	0
Croatia	190	190	0	0	0	0
France	100	40	55	0	0	55
Germany	720	710	0	10	0	10
Greece	85	85	0	0	0	0
Hungary	105	105	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	80	80	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,255	2,070	0	0	180	0
Netherlands	270	270	0	0	0	0
Poland	670	645	0	10	20	10
Portugal	305	300	0	0	0	0
Romania	25	30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	60	55	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	70	65	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	95	95	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	1,310	1,310	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,620	1,565	0	0	50	10
Africa	305	265	40	0	0	40
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	25	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	35	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	190	160	30	0	0	30
Asia	1,890	1,765	0	25	95	15
Afghanistan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	120	105	0	10	0	10
China^Footnote 51	245	225	0	0	25	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	60	55	0	0	0	0
India	225	220	0	0	10	0
Iran^Footnote 53	120	95	0	10	20	0
Iraq	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	30	30	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	110	105	0	10	0	0
Philippines	305	295	0	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	20	15	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	90	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	465	435	0	0	30	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	110	110	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	765	665	35	20	40	45
Americas	150	150	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	10	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	95	100	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	30	0	0	0	0
Europe	80	60	10	0	10	15
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	15	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	0	0	10	0
Africa	55	30	25	0	0	25
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	25	10	0	0	10
Asia	460	405	0	15	35	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	45	40	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	90	85	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	35	30	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Philippines	70	65	0	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	20	10	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	50	0	0	25	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	20	20	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	143,085	138,025	4,460	160	445	4,540
First generation^Footnote 71	13,075	12,510	125	55	385	150
Second generation^Footnote 72	25,390	25,135	175	30	45	190
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	104,620	100,380	4,160	70	10	4,195
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	4,205	3,960	55	40	150	75
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,725	1,635	35	30	30	45
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	740	695	20	10	20	25
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	990	940	10	30	15	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	1,580	1,500	25	10	45	30
Refugees^Footnote 79	880	805	0	0	75	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	143,085	138,020	4,455	155	445	4,540
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	5,160	4,855	90	60	155	115
South Asian^Footnote 83	1,060	1,020	0	25	15	15
Chinese	770	735	0	0	30	0
Black	740	700	40	0	0	40
Filipino	435	410	15	10	0	20
Latin American	360	350	0	0	15	0
Arab	345	325	0	0	15	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	520	470	0	10	45	10
West Asian^Footnote 85	175	145	0	10	25	10
Korean	185	170	0	0	10	0
Japanese	280	275	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	45	35	15	0	0	15
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	235	220	10	10	0	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	137,925	133,170	4,365	100	285	4,420
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	143,085	138,025	4,455	160	445	4,540
North American Aboriginal origins	22,470	21,870	575	20	10	585
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,395	18,085	295	10	10	295
Inuit	125	125	0	0	0	0
Métis	4,375	4,060	300	15	0	305
Other North American origins	35,495	33,345	2,100	35	10	2,120
Acadian	170	135	40	0	0	40
American	1,465	1,430	30	0	0	35
Canadian	34,305	32,240	2,030	35	15	2,040
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	145	145	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Québécois	70	40	30	0	0	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	115,025	111,205	3,445	95	280	3,495
British Isles origins	65,900	65,145	720	35	10	735
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	38,070	37,735	300	35	0	315
Irish	26,060	25,655	380	30	0	390
Manx	35	35	0	0	0	0
Scottish	29,495	29,310	175	10	0	180
Welsh	2,515	2,495	20	0	0	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	2,490	2,470	20	0	0	20
French origins	25,645	22,305	3,285	55	0	3,310
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	15	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	25,625	22,285	3,285	50	0	3,310
Western European origins (except French origins)	21,775	21,490	260	25	0	265
Austrian	1,055	1,050	10	0	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	490	435	60	0	0	55
Dutch	5,665	5,645	10	10	0	15
Flemish	65	55	0	0	0	10
Frisian	30	30	0	0	0	0
German	15,370	15,170	180	20	10	190
Luxembourger	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	655	645	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	15	15	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,045	24,930	65	0	45	65
Danish	1,565	1,550	10	0	0	10
Finnish	15,790	15,730	20	0	40	20
Icelandic	1,065	1,070	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	3,700	3,690	15	0	0	10
Swedish	6,095	6,065	30	0	0	30
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	335	325	0	0	10	0
Eastern European origins	28,885	28,725	95	20	35	110
Bulgarian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Czech	350	350	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	315	320	0	0	0	0
Estonian	335	325	10	10	0	10
Hungarian	1,200	1,190	10	0	0	10
Latvian	265	265	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	240	240	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	9,350	9,270	30	15	30	40
Romanian	595	595	0	0	0	0
Russian	1,625	1,610	15	0	0	15
Slovak	2,425	2,420	0	0	0	10
Ukrainian	17,655	17,605	45	0	10	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	30	30	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	22,020	21,735	80	15	190	85
Albanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,300	1,290	0	0	0	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	860	860	10	0	0	0
Italian	17,980	17,745	45	10	180	50
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Maltese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,200	1,185	15	0	10	15
Serbian	205	200	0	0	10	0
Sicilian	25	25	0	10	0	0
Slovenian	365	365	0	0	0	0
Spanish	495	480	10	0	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	320	320	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	495	485	0	0	0	10
Basque	15	15	0	0	0	0
Jewish	180	180	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	50	50	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	235	230	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	430	410	10	10	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	40	0	0	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	195	195	0	10	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	25	25	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	10	10	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	695	675	0	0	10	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Belizean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Chilean	65	65	0	0	0	0
Colombian	65	60	0	0	10	0
Costa Rican	20	15	0	0	10	0
Ecuadorian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	25	30	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	25	20	0	0	0	0
Maya	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	180	175	0	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	60	60	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	60	65	0	0	0	0
African origins	860	800	60	0	0	60
Central and West African origins	265	235	25	0	0	25
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0	0	10
Chadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	85	75	0	10	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	30	30	0	0	0	0
North African origins	110	105	0	0	0	0
Algerian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Libyan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	145	135	15	0	0	20
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	20	0	0	20
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	75	70	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	355	340	15	0	0	10
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	30	30	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	325	310	15	0	0	10
Asian origins	4,505	4,280	30	45	145	50
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	980	920	15	0	45	15
Afghan	50	45	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	210	200	0	0	10	0
Armenian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	200	170	0	10	25	10
Iraqi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	260	250	0	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	50	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	50	50	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	25	15	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins	1,055	1,010	0	30	20	15
Bangladeshi	110	105	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	700	660	0	25	15	10
Goan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	70	0	10	10	0
Punjabi	20	20	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	30	35	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	75	75	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,525	2,410	15	10	85	25
Burmese	55	55	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chinese	975	940	10	0	30	0
Filipino	460	445	10	0	0	10
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Japanese	410	400	0	0	0	0
Karen	275	245	0	0	35	0
Korean	185	175	0	0	10	0
Laotian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	60	60	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	170	150	0	10	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	35	35	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	170	170	0	0	0	0
Australian	70	70	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	60	60	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	40	40	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	30	25	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	121,260	116,580	4,180	115	380	4,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	25,730	24,160	1,235	25	300	1,250
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	31,395	30,525	815	15	45	820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,140	61,895	2,130	70	40	2,170
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,765	10,215	505	15	25	515
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	4,680	4,355	305	10	20	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	6,085	5,865	205	10	0	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,170	28,205	950	10	10	955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,340	2,250	90	0	0	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	21,860	21,225	585	45	10	610
Bachelor's degree	15,765	15,375	365	20	10	380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,435	1,375	55	10	0	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	620	20	0	0	20
Master's degree	3,240	3,120	105	15	0	115
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	775	730	30	10	0	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	121,260	116,585	4,175	115	385	4,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	57,125	54,690	2,050	40	345	2,070
Education	5,075	4,790	275	0	0	275
13. Education	5,070	4,790	275	10	0	280
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,545	1,520	20	0	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	390	385	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,155	1,140	15	0	0	15
Humanities	2,530	2,450	65	10	0	75
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	85	80	0	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	800	785	10	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	725	715	15	0	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	90	10	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	235	10	0	0	10
54. History	450	435	15	0	0	15
55. French language and literature/letters	120	105	10	0	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,215	6,035	170	10	10	170
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	115	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	215	10	0	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,670	1,625	40	0	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	655	630	25	10	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	255	240	15	0	0	15
42. Psychology	1,330	1,300	35	0	0	35
45. Social sciences	1,960	1,915	40	0	0	45
Business, management and public administration	11,390	11,095	285	0	10	285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	25	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,290	2,255	25	0	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,070	8,810	255	0	0	255
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,060	1,995	55	10	10	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	925	900	15	0	0	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	335	0	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	35	40	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	655	620	30	0	0	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	95	0	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,280	1,245	25	10	0	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	920	885	25	10	0	30
25. Library science	250	250	0	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	105	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	15,715	15,050	640	15	15	645
04. Architecture and related services	330	325	10	0	0	10
14. Engineering	1,705	1,645	50	10	0	60
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,430	3,345	80	0	0	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,240	3,105	130	0	0	130
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,600	4,315	275	10	10	280
48. Precision production	2,410	2,320	90	0	0	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,760	1,695	65	0	0	65
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	350	330	15	0	0	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,415	1,365	50	0	0	50
Health and related fields	11,785	11,485	300	10	0	300
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	935	925	10	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	10,665	10,375	285	0	0	285
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	190	185	0	0	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,790	4,530	230	15	10	240
12. Personal and culinary services	2,120	2,015	95	0	10	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,215	1,160	45	0	0	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,435	1,335	90	10	0	95
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	121,260	116,580	4,175	115	385	4,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,125	54,685	2,050	45	350	2,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	64,140	61,895	2,130	70	35	2,165
Location of study inside Canada	60,470	58,335	2,070	50	15	2,100
Same as province or territory of residence	56,460	54,665	1,750	30	15	1,765
Different than province or territory of residence	4,015	3,670	325	20	0	335
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	3,665	3,560	55	25	25	70
United States^Footnote 130	1,255	1,240	20	0	0	20
Philippines	160	160	0	10	0	10
India	230	230	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	430	430	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	85	80	0	0	0	0
France	35	10	25	0	0	25
Other	1,465	1,415	10	20	20	20
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	121,265	116,580	4,180	115	385	not applicable ...
In the labour force	73,145	70,715	2,345	70	20	not applicable ...
Employed	67,115	64,845	2,200	60	15	not applicable ...
Unemployed	6,025	5,870	140	10	10	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	48,120	45,870	1,835	45	365	not applicable ...
Participation rate	60.3	60.7	56.1	60.9	5.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.3	55.6	52.6	52.2	3.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.3	6.0	14.3	50.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	121,265	116,580	4,180	115	380	4,235
Did not work^Footnote 135	43,800	41,775	1,620	45	365	1,645
Worked	77,455	74,810	2,560	75	20	2,595
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	37,360	36,065	1,275	25	10	1,285
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	40,095	38,745	1,285	50	15	1,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.0	42.2	35.4	28.4	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	79,630	76,915	2,605	80	30	2,645
a.Management	6,545	6,310	230	10	0	235
00 Senior management occupations	625	585	40	0	0	35
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,035	1,955	80	0	0	80
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	2,455	2,385	75	0	0	70
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,435	1,385	45	0	0	45
b.Professional	13,070	12,590	450	25	0	465
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,405	1,390	20	0	0	20
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,730	1,655	75	10	0	75
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,215	2,175	40	0	0	40
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,310	1,260	45	0	0	45
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,525	3,325	180	10	0	190
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,315	2,225	90	0	0	90
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	575	560	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	9,255	9,045	195	15	0	205
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,775	2,710	70	0	0	65
32 Technical occupations in health	1,855	1,795	60	10	0	60
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,400	2,355	50	0	0	45
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	955	940	15	0	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,270	1,245	15	10	0	15
d.Administration and administrative support	9,625	9,310	300	10	0	305
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	3,955	3,800	150	0	0	150
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	835	805	30	0	0	30
14 Office support occupations	3,505	3,420	85	0	0	90
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,325	1,290	40	0	0	35
e.Sales	7,220	7,095	110	0	0	115
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,150	1,115	35	0	0	35
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	3,125	3,085	30	0	0	35
66 Sales support occupations	2,945	2,895	45	0	10	45
f.Personal and customer information services	15,840	15,350	470	10	15	470
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,810	1,730	75	0	0	80
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,035	1,935	100	0	0	100
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,805	2,725	75	0	10	75
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,740	3,655	80	0	0	85
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,455	5,315	135	0	0	135
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	7,265	6,985	270	0	0	275
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	4,225	4,115	100	0	0	105
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	3,035	2,865	165	0	0	170
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	6,175	5,835	320	15	0	325
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	905	880	30	0	0	30
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	4,075	3,805	260	10	0	260
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,195	1,150	35	10	0	40
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,470	2,270	190	0	10	195
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	995	845	140	0	10	140
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	585	560	25	0	0	25
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	895	870	25	0	0	25
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,175	2,115	60	0	0	60
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	650	625	30	0	0	30
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	610	595	10	0	0	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	400	395	0	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	520	500	15	0	0	20
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	79,630	76,915	2,605	85	25	2,645
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,935	1,775	160	0	0	160
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	540	535	10	0	0	10
113 Forestry and logging	810	690	120	0	0	125
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	75	70	10	0	0	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	515	480	35	0	0	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,925	1,760	160	0	10	160
211 Oil and gas extraction	75	70	0	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,390	1,265	125	0	0	125
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	460	430	25	0	10	25
22 Utilities	845	830	15	0	0	15
221 Utilities	850	830	15	10	0	15
23 Construction	6,185	5,960	210	15	0	215
236 Construction of buildings	1,675	1,630	35	0	0	35
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,390	1,315	75	0	0	75
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,120	3,015	95	10	0	100
31-33 Manufacturing	4,305	4,165	140	0	0	140
311 Food manufacturing	320	315	0	0	0	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	55	55	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	15	15	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	40	40	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	435	405	30	0	0	30
322 Paper manufacturing	1,135	1,090	50	0	0	50
323 Printing and related support activities	100	95	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	25	30	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	70	75	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	60	60	10	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	95	95	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	65	65	10	0	0	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	355	345	10	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	125	115	10	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	50	50	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,190	1,155	35	0	0	30
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	65	70	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	85	80	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,875	1,830	45	0	0	40
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	105	95	10	0	0	10
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	70	70	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	220	215	0	0	0	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	100	95	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	190	180	15	0	0	15
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	310	310	0	0	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	635	620	15	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	200	200	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	45	45	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	9,415	9,235	170	10	0	175
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,015	995	15	0	0	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	280	280	10	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	250	250	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	610	590	15	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	2,470	2,430	35	0	0	35
446 Health and personal care stores	885	870	20	0	0	20
447 Gasoline stations	550	525	20	0	0	20
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	695	680	15	0	0	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	485	470	10	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,310	1,285	25	0	0	25
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	550	545	0	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	310	305	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,105	3,930	170	0	0	170
481 Air transportation	565	545	20	0	0	20
482 Rail transportation	555	530	25	0	0	25
483 Water transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	975	910	60	0	0	65
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	675	645	35	0	0	35
486 Pipeline transportation	20	20	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	545	520	25	0	0	25
491 Postal service	320	315	10	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	200	200	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	230	235	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,455	1,420	30	0	0	30
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	245	230	15	0	0	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	145	145	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	135	130	10	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	630	625	0	0	0	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	35	35	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	270	260	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,620	1,570	50	0	0	50
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	805	775	30	0	0	30
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	235	235	10	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	585	560	20	0	0	15
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	995	980	15	0	0	15
531 Real estate	765	755	10	0	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	230	225	0	0	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,880	3,780	95	10	0	100
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,885	3,780	95	0	0	100
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	10	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	0	0	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,600	2,525	75	0	0	75
561 Administrative and support services	2,485	2,415	65	10	10	65
562 Waste management and remediation services	120	110	10	0	0	10
61 Educational services	7,165	6,745	405	15	0	415
611 Educational services	7,170	6,745	405	15	0	410
62 Health care and social assistance	13,205	12,810	375	20	0	385
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,530	3,420	100	0	0	100
622 Hospitals	4,705	4,580	120	0	0	125
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,245	2,160	80	10	0	80
624 Social assistance	2,725	2,650	75	0	0	75
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,635	1,590	45	0	0	45
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	295	290	0	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	190	185	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,145	1,110	35	0	0	40
72 Accommodation and food services	6,340	6,225	110	0	0	110
721 Accommodation services	1,245	1,220	25	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	5,100	5,005	90	0	10	90
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,455	3,325	125	10	0	125
811 Repair and maintenance	1,150	1,110	40	0	0	40
812 Personal and laundry services	1,110	1,080	30	0	0	30
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,090	1,025	55	10	0	60
814 Private households	105	105	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	6,660	6,450	210	0	0	210
911 Federal government public administration	1,365	1,315	45	0	0	50
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,025	1,940	90	0	0	90
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,775	2,700	70	0	0	70
914 Aboriginal public administration	500	490	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	67,115	64,845	2,205	60	15	2,230
Worked at home	2,730	2,600	120	0	0	120
Worked outside Canada	135	125	10	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	7,370	7,135	235	0	0	240
Worked at usual place	56,885	54,980	1,830	55	10	1,865
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	79,630	76,915	2,605	80	30	2,645
English	78,370	76,270	2,020	65	20	2,050
French	655	215	440	0	0	440
Non-official language	135	125	0	0	10	0
Aboriginal	65	65	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	70	55	0	0	10	0
English and French	250	85	145	15	0	150
English and non-official language	220	215	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	79,625	76,915	2,605	80	30	2,645
None	76,515	75,005	1,415	70	30	1,450
English	490	215	275	0	0	270
French	1,735	810	915	0	0	915
Non-official language	845	840	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal	335	335	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	510	505	0	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	45	45	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	56,880	54,980	1,835	55	15	1,865
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	45,975	44,380	1,540	40	15	1,560
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,490	9,240	235	10	0	245
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,120	1,075	45	0	0	45
Commute to a different province or territory	300	280	15	0	0	15
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	64,255	62,115	2,075	50	10	2,100
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,250	51,435	1,770	45	10	1,790
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,930	3,855	70	0	10	70
Public transit	2,205	2,150	40	0	10	45
Walked	3,265	3,120	135	0	0	135
Bicycle	680	670	10	0	0	10
Other method	925	880	45	0	0	45
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	64,255	62,115	2,075	55	10	2,095
Less than 15 minutes	29,605	28,540	1,040	25	0	1,055
15 to 29 minutes	24,660	24,020	605	25	0	620
30 to 44 minutes	6,210	5,955	255	0	0	255
45 to 59 minutes	1,475	1,420	50	0	10	50
60 minutes and over	2,305	2,185	115	10	0	120
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	64,255	62,115	2,075	50	15	2,100
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,045	2,855	185	10	0	190
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,400	8,100	300	0	0	300
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,050	16,475	565	15	0	570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	18,310	17,745	545	20	0	550
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,820	6,650	155	10	0	160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,625	10,290	325	10	10	330
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	141,850	136,830	4,440	155	430	4,520
Non-movers	125,745	121,200	4,050	135	355	4,120
Movers	16,105	15,625	390	15	75	395
Non-migrants	10,680	10,485	180	0	15	175
Migrants	5,435	5,145	210	15	55	220
Internal migrants	4,985	4,740	205	10	30	215
Intraprovincial migrants	4,040	3,875	150	0	20	150
Interprovincial migrants	945	865	60	10	15	60
External migrants	445	410	10	0	25	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	136,165	131,260	4,385	130	395	4,450
Non-movers	93,550	90,085	3,085	60	320	3,115
Movers	42,620	41,175	1,305	65	75	1,335
Non-migrants	27,860	27,075	735	35	15	755
Migrants	14,755	14,100	565	30	60	580
Internal migrants	13,150	12,590	530	15	20	535
Intraprovincial migrants	10,660	10,235	400	0	15	400
Interprovincial migrants	2,490	2,350	130	10	0	135
External migrants	1,605	1,510	35	15	40	45

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Thunder Bay

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.