Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 11

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	693,030	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,715	23,240
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	693,030	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,715	23,240
0 to 14 years	118,995	113,180	2,380	830	2,605	2,800
0 to 4 years	39,180	36,100	780	165	2,130	865
5 to 9 years	40,425	39,000	770	295	360	915
10 to 14 years	39,390	38,080	830	375	115	1,015
15 to 64 years	473,775	452,915	14,125	1,800	4,935	15,030
15 to 19 years	42,940	41,585	960	300	95	1,115
20 to 24 years	50,375	48,835	1,130	280	130	1,270
25 to 29 years	51,880	49,965	1,415	210	290	1,525
30 to 34 years	50,890	49,050	1,335	175	330	1,425
35 to 39 years	47,770	45,905	1,260	210	400	1,370
40 to 44 years	45,605	43,610	1,265	185	545	1,360
45 to 49 years	45,050	42,905	1,195	140	810	1,270
50 to 54 years	49,915	47,330	1,780	125	680	1,840
55 to 59 years	47,690	44,930	1,810	130	815	1,880
60 to 64 years	41,665	38,810	1,965	50	845	1,985
65 years and over	100,260	91,560	5,310	210	3,170	5,415
65 to 69 years	35,085	32,670	1,670	55	685	1,700
70 to 74 years	24,100	21,985	1,360	70	680	1,395
75 to 79 years	17,045	15,435	960	35	620	975
80 to 84 years	12,860	11,565	740	40	525	755
85 years and over	11,160	9,905	590	15	655	590
85 to 89 years	7,400	6,605	375	0	415	380
90 to 94 years	3,045	2,680	180	10	175	185
95 to 99 years	615	545	25	0	45	25
100 years and over	105	75	0	0	25	0
Average age	39.2	38.9	46.7	30.0	45.7	not applicable ...
Median age	38.2	37.8	49.9	25.2	51.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	574,035	544,470	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
Married or living common law	316,405	298,045	11,640	1,030	5,690	12,155
Married	267,220	251,045	9,675	905	5,590	10,130
Living common law	49,185	46,995	1,965	125	100	2,025
Not married and not living common law	257,630	246,430	7,800	980	2,425	8,290
Never married	180,010	174,225	4,475	815	500	4,880
Separated	14,690	14,075	420	30	165	435
Divorced	34,690	32,970	1,405	90	220	1,450
Widowed	28,240	25,160	1,495	50	1,535	1,520
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	574,035	544,475	19,435	2,010	8,110	20,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,280	518,070	18,910	1,790	7,505	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	45,322	48,722	37,438	18,922	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,174	35,428	41,075	26,185	17,056	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	518,185	18,910	1,795	7,510	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	37,015	39,740	31,089	17,483	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,107	31,279	35,414	24,311	16,964	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,935	471,080	17,740	1,555	4,565	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	44,469	45,311	37,608	19,350	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,616	33,758	37,713	25,981	14,335	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	381,725	13,915	1,490	6,740	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,632	8,467	5,666	7,961	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,355	3,246	7,489	1,205	4,871	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,345	396,395	13,540	1,390	3,025	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	44,036	47,694	36,313	25,162	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,837	34,843	41,868	25,001	22,576	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.0	89.2	87.2	87.3	62.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.1	74.3	70.1	75.0	53.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.0	10.8	12.8	12.7	37.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
Without total income	27,755	26,400	525	225	605	640
With total income	546,275	518,070	18,910	1,785	7,510	19,810
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.2	97.3	88.6	92.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75,300	71,055	1,670	380	2,190	1,865
$10,000 to $19,999	83,705	78,250	2,450	390	2,615	2,640
$20,000 to $29,999	76,785	72,520	2,665	240	1,360	2,790
$30,000 to $39,999	72,375	69,095	2,415	165	705	2,500
$40,000 to $49,999	64,130	61,305	2,330	160	340	2,405
$50,000 to $59,999	48,660	46,445	1,925	160	135	2,005
$60,000 to $69,999	33,990	32,365	1,455	70	100	1,490
$70,000 to $79,999	25,175	24,045	1,045	75	20	1,080
$80,000 to $89,999	19,545	18,570	940	30	10	955
$90,000 to $99,999	12,680	11,980	640	45	10	665
$100,000 and over	33,930	32,455	1,375	80	30	1,415
$100,000 to $149,999	23,370	22,290	1,010	60	10	1,040
$150,000 and over	10,565	10,160	365	25	15	370
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,010	8,110	20,445
Without after-tax income	27,630	26,285	525	220	600	635
With after-tax income	546,405	518,190	18,915	1,795	7,510	19,810
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	97.3	89.3	92.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	77,775	73,400	1,785	385	2,210	1,975
$10,000 to $19,999	90,510	84,670	2,685	395	2,760	2,885
$20,000 to $29,999	94,410	89,505	3,160	290	1,455	3,300
$30,000 to $39,999	90,635	86,520	3,215	200	695	3,320
$40,000 to $49,999	68,920	65,775	2,720	200	225	2,815
$50,000 to $59,999	45,485	43,340	1,925	125	95	1,990
$60,000 to $69,999	30,390	28,985	1,310	60	40	1,340
$70,000 to $79,999	18,480	17,505	910	55	15	940
$80,000 and over	29,790	28,490	1,200	80	25	1,240
$80,000 to $89,999	9,960	9,465	460	30	10	475
$90,000 to $99,999	5,760	5,485	255	15	0	265
$100,000 and over	14,075	13,540	485	25	15	505
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
Without employment income	159,685	148,080	5,895	625	5,090	6,210
With employment income	414,345	396,395	13,545	1,385	3,020	14,240
Percentage with employment income	72.2	72.8	69.7	68.7	37.2	69.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,795	44,655	1,580	265	300	1,710
$5,000 to $9,999	29,660	28,325	875	125	330	940
$10,000 to $19,999	53,410	50,980	1,470	255	695	1,600
$20,000 to $29,999	51,945	49,860	1,225	125	730	1,290
$30,000 to $39,999	52,165	50,135	1,400	145	480	1,470
$40,000 to $49,999	45,840	43,960	1,480	130	275	1,545
$50,000 to $59,999	36,075	34,530	1,320	110	115	1,370
$60,000 to $69,999	25,530	24,465	955	60	55	985
$70,000 to $79,999	20,260	19,370	815	50	25	840
$80,000 and over	52,670	50,110	2,415	125	20	2,480
$80,000 to $89,999	16,330	15,450	845	30	0	860
$90,000 to $99,999	10,400	9,845	500	40	10	520
$100,000 and over	25,950	24,815	1,065	60	10	1,100
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	201,050	192,680	6,725	475	1,170	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,999	50,895	59,486	45,659	29,367	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,316	61,351	65,785	59,533	30,608	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	693,025	657,650	21,820	2,850	10,710	23,245
English only	611,490	611,495	0	0	0	0
French only	880	0	880	0	0	880
English and French	69,665	45,895	20,930	2,840	0	22,350
Neither English nor French	10,995	265	10	10	10,715	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	693,030	657,655	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,240
English	543,770	532,290	11,475	0	0	11,475
French	8,915	320	8,590	0	0	8,590
Non-official language	91,785	78,885	220	1,965	10,715	1,205
Aboriginal	955	910	0	20	25	10
Non-Aboriginal	90,830	77,975	220	1,945	10,690	1,195
English and French	2,090	530	975	595	0	1,270
English and non-official language	45,450	45,365	90	0	0	85
French and non-official language	365	20	340	0	0	340
English, French and non-official language	650	235	125	290	0	270
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	693,025	657,655	21,820	2,845	10,715	23,245
None	586,770	564,530	10,765	1,550	9,925	11,535
English	45,375	39,290	4,840	810	435	5,245
French	11,845	6,545	5,205	95	0	5,250
Non-official language	47,035	45,770	765	160	340	850
Aboriginal	2,335	2,335	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	44,705	43,435	770	165	340	845
English and French	255	25	25	200	10	125
English and non-official language	1,235	1,055	170	0	0	180
French and non-official language	490	440	50	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	30	10	0	25	0	10
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	693,025	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,240
English	470,595	470,580	15	0	0	15
French	22,190	1,655	20,535	0	0	20,535
Non-official language	178,345	164,805	635	2,200	10,710	1,735
Aboriginal	3,465	3,420	0	20	25	10
Non-Aboriginal	174,885	161,385	635	2,180	10,685	1,720
English and French	2,560	1,930	110	520	0	370
English and non-official language	18,360	18,355	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	570	80	490	0	0	490
English, French and non-official language	405	245	35	125	0	100
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	693,030	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,240
Official languages	682,035	657,385	21,810	2,840	0	23,230
English	681,160	657,385	20,930	2,840	0	22,355
French	70,545	45,895	21,810	2,840	0	23,230
Non-official languages	221,190	204,890	3,220	2,360	10,710	4,400
Aboriginal languages	5,645	5,575	25	25	25	40
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	199,390	3,195	2,335	10,685	4,365
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	693,030	657,655	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,245
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	84,495	80,515	3,835	95	45	3,885
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	82,940	79,000	3,805	90	45	3,850
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	36,860	36,675	115	30	40	135
Métis	45,805	42,065	3,680	55	0	3,705
Inuk (Inuit)	275	270	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,195	1,160	20	10	0	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	360	350	15	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,535	577,140	17,985	2,750	10,670	19,355
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	693,030	657,655	21,815	2,845	10,710	23,245
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	35,045	34,795	170	40	35	190
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	622,860	21,650	2,805	10,675	23,050
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	693,030	657,655	21,820	2,845	10,715	23,240
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	28,495	27,945	480	40	35	500
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	27,415	26,870	470	40	35	490
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	19,315	19,260	10	15	35	15
Métis single ancestry	8,035	7,555	455	20	0	470
Inuit single ancestry	60	60	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	1,085	1,070	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	1,035	15	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	57,830	54,020	3,715	90	10	3,760
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	54,400	50,825	3,490	85	0	3,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,350	18,955	360	25	0	375
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,830	31,650	3,120	55	0	3,150
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	215	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	3,430	3,195	225	0	10	225
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	3,050	225	10	10	225
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	75	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	606,705	575,690	17,625	2,720	10,675	18,980
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	693,025	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,240
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	612,425	584,830	20,310	2,090	5,190	21,355
Canadian citizens only	592,905	566,640	19,880	1,630	4,755	20,695
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	19,525	18,190	435	460	440	665
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	80,605	72,825	1,505	760	5,520	1,885
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	693,030	657,655	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,240
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	503,440	481,690	19,040	990	1,725	19,530
Immigrants^Footnote 42	176,305	163,700	2,455	1,730	8,420	3,315
Before 1981	37,760	36,040	355	190	1,170	450
1981 to 1990	16,175	15,000	75	55	1,045	105
1991 to 2000	17,880	16,485	270	150	975	350
2001 to 2010	52,455	49,015	740	795	1,905	1,140
2001 to 2005	15,950	14,745	340	345	520	515
2006 to 2010	36,510	34,275	400	450	1,385	625
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	52,035	47,155	1,015	540	3,325	1,285
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	13,290	12,265	330	125	570	390
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	176,305	163,700	2,450	1,730	8,420	3,320
Under 5 years	17,840	16,685	235	285	630	380
5 to 14 years	32,930	31,810	450	380	300	640
15 to 24 years	34,785	33,305	610	280	595	750
25 to 44 years	76,015	70,820	1,010	695	3,480	1,360
45 years and over	14,735	11,075	145	85	3,415	190
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	176,300	163,705	2,455	1,730	8,415	3,315
Americas	16,205	15,690	110	215	195	215
Brazil	385	360	0	15	10	10
Colombia	530	500	0	20	15	10
El Salvador	1,490	1,455	0	25	15	10
Guyana	1,065	1,065	0	0	0	0
Haiti	75	15	55	10	0	55
Jamaica	1,570	1,575	0	0	0	0
Mexico	730	675	10	35	20	25
Peru	195	165	0	15	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	1,385	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	4,110	4,075	25	15	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	4,440	20	85	120	65
Europe	36,550	34,215	550	375	1,410	740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	980	0	20	15	10
Croatia	855	835	0	10	20	0
France	470	90	375	10	0	375
Germany	3,995	3,925	15	45	10	40
Greece	775	765	0	0	10	0
Hungary	680	660	10	0	15	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	400	395	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,470	2,320	20	35	100	40
Netherlands	1,020	1,015	0	0	0	0
Poland	4,240	3,955	0	25	255	20
Portugal	3,810	3,150	10	70	580	40
Romania	625	550	15	40	25	30
Russian Federation	1,970	1,795	0	25	150	10
Serbia^Footnote 49	320	315	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	3,615	3,385	0	30	195	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	6,890	6,880	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	3,200	100	65	35	130
Africa	15,935	13,105	1,730	645	465	2,045
Algeria	105	15	45	45	0	70
Egypt	895	820	10	35	30	25
Ethiopia	2,210	2,150	10	10	40	15
Kenya	895	860	10	10	15	15
Morocco	220	35	95	85	10	135
Nigeria	3,490	3,485	0	0	0	0
Somalia	745	655	0	0	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	525	520	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	4,570	1,555	445	280	1,770
Asia	107,155	100,250	70	500	6,335	320
Afghanistan	605	565	10	0	30	10
Bangladesh	845	790	0	20	40	10
China^Footnote 51	7,570	5,740	0	25	1,800	15
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,375	1,290	10	0	70	10
India	19,430	17,700	0	90	1,635	55
Iran^Footnote 53	1,040	950	0	30	60	20
Iraq	835	780	0	0	55	0
Japan	185	185	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	2,580	2,245	0	45	285	25
Lebanon	220	135	0	40	45	20
Pakistan	2,835	2,755	0	15	65	15
Philippines	56,935	56,320	0	135	480	70
Sri Lanka	965	920	0	10	35	10
Syria^Footnote 55	690	285	0	10	400	0
Taiwan	185	165	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	4,060	3,190	10	20	835	15
Other places of birth in Asia	6,795	6,245	15	60	480	45
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	455	445	0	0	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	52,030	47,155	1,015	535	3,320	1,285
Americas	1,940	1,820	10	45	60	35
Brazil	90	95	0	0	0	0
Colombia	80	75	0	0	0	0
Cuba	55	35	0	15	10	10
Haiti	15	0	15	0	0	15
Jamaica	240	245	0	0	0	0
Mexico	240	220	0	10	10	0
United States^Footnote 58	605	600	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	40	40	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	570	525	0	20	30	10
Europe	3,320	2,855	105	105	255	160
France	80	0	80	0	0	75
Germany	100	75	0	20	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	100	95	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	130	100	0	35	0	20
Romania	65	35	15	10	0	20
Russian Federation	725	610	0	15	100	10
Ukraine	965	875	0	10	85	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	305	300	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	855	765	20	15	55	25
Africa	7,105	5,660	875	260	310	1,005
Algeria	20	0	10	10	0	15
Cameroon	50	20	35	0	0	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	145	425	130	30	485
Côte d'Ivoire	95	10	85	0	0	90
Egypt	380	340	0	15	30	10
Eritrea	745	635	0	0	110	0
Ethiopia	720	700	0	0	15	0
Morocco	65	0	35	25	0	45
Nigeria	2,405	2,400	0	0	0	0
Somalia	380	330	0	0	50	0
South Africa, Republic of	95	90	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	55	0	15	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	1,005	260	45	65	280
Asia	39,540	36,705	25	130	2,685	90
Afghanistan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	335	300	0	0	25	0
China^Footnote 63	2,890	2,200	0	0	690	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	145	140	0	0	10	0
India	9,485	8,610	0	35	835	25
Iran^Footnote 65	405	350	0	20	30	10
Iraq	315	275	0	0	40	0
Israel	590	540	0	0	45	0
Japan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,155	965	0	15	175	15
Lebanon	120	70	0	0	45	0
Nepal	205	205	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,415	1,395	0	0	20	0
Philippines	19,615	19,465	0	40	110	25
Saudi Arabia	310	310	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	225	215	0	0	10	0
Syria^Footnote 67	540	135	0	0	405	0
Taiwan	20	10	0	0	10	0
Turkey	40	40	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	110	105	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	480	385	0	0	95	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	890	10	10	145	10
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	125	115	0	0	10	0
Australia	65	60	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	60	60	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	693,025	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,715	23,245
First generation^Footnote 71	192,720	179,000	2,845	1,860	9,010	3,780
Second generation^Footnote 72	128,340	124,345	1,845	630	1,520	2,160
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	371,970	354,305	17,130	355	180	17,305
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	141,225	130,070	2,135	1,555	7,460	2,915
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	91,515	86,890	920	940	2,765	1,390
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	35,515	33,745	430	315	1,030	590
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	55,995	53,140	490	625	1,740	800
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	30,680	27,160	340	225	2,965	450
Refugees^Footnote 79	18,645	15,735	860	395	1,655	1,055
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	380	290	20	0	75	20
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	693,025	657,650	21,820	2,845	10,710	23,245
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	193,105	179,970	2,660	1,715	8,770	3,510
South Asian^Footnote 83	37,570	34,740	60	230	2,530	175
Chinese	19,680	16,910	45	110	2,610	100
Black	26,905	23,715	2,135	500	550	2,385
Filipino	73,365	72,595	20	170	575	105
Latin American	6,725	6,260	30	205	230	135
Arab	4,565	3,370	195	295	715	335
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	7,880	6,940	40	45	850	65
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,450	2,255	20	45	125	45
Korean	3,780	3,340	10	50	375	35
Japanese	1,565	1,520	15	10	30	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	2,755	2,635	55	20	50	60
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	5,875	5,685	35	30	125	50
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	499,920	477,680	19,160	1,135	1,945	19,730
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	693,030	657,650	21,820	2,850	10,715	23,240
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	81,965	4,195	125	40	4,260
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	42,400	605	45	40	630
Inuit	470	460	10	0	0	10
Métis	47,295	43,385	3,815	85	10	3,860
Other North American origins	118,145	109,770	7,915	260	200	8,045
Acadian	415	315	105	0	0	105
American	5,265	5,105	160	0	0	160
Canadian	113,855	105,700	7,700	255	200	7,825
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	135	125	10	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Québécois	230	110	115	0	0	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	25	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	444,215	424,510	16,650	1,105	1,945	17,205
British Isles origins	230,910	227,400	3,265	180	70	3,355
Channel Islander	45	40	10	0	0	0
Cornish	65	65	0	0	0	0
English	131,505	130,100	1,270	80	55	1,315
Irish	87,955	86,545	1,325	75	10	1,360
Manx	115	115	0	0	0	0
Scottish	113,305	112,015	1,220	60	15	1,245
Welsh	10,955	10,905	40	10	0	45
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	13,325	13,125	185	15	0	190
French origins	83,695	67,890	15,480	305	20	15,630
Alsatian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Breton	60	20	50	0	0	50
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	83,655	67,865	15,465	300	25	15,615
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,050	135,080	2,620	250	105	2,750
Austrian	7,415	7,330	70	10	0	70
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	9,755	8,495	1,230	25	0	1,240
Dutch	25,380	25,135	210	30	10	230
Flemish	520	490	30	0	0	30
Frisian	80	80	0	0	0	0
German	106,380	105,185	915	190	90	1,010
Luxembourger	80	75	10	0	0	10
Swiss	2,760	2,275	460	15	0	470
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	125	125	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	42,800	240	10	10	245
Danish	4,340	4,320	15	10	0	15
Finnish	2,435	2,425	15	0	0	15
Icelandic	16,180	16,075	90	10	0	95
Norwegian	10,225	10,170	55	0	0	55
Swedish	12,345	12,285	55	0	0	60
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,560	1,545	10	0	0	15
Eastern European origins	156,930	154,740	900	425	870	1,110
Bulgarian	270	255	0	0	15	10
Byelorussian	605	555	0	20	20	10
Czech	2,660	2,645	10	0	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	1,210	1,215	0	0	0	0
Estonian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	6,500	6,325	75	65	35	105
Latvian	820	820	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	975	955	25	0	0	25
Moldovan	250	230	0	15	0	15
Polish	52,190	51,405	325	130	330	390
Romanian	3,815	3,660	45	75	40	85
Russian	25,780	25,285	45	100	350	95
Slovak	1,375	1,350	0	10	15	10
Ukrainian	100,005	99,025	460	145	375	530
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	705	705	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	47,695	45,520	770	425	980	980
Albanian	395	365	0	0	20	0
Bosnian	955	915	10	15	20	15
Catalan	15	10	0	10	0	0
Croatian	2,205	2,170	20	0	15	20
Cypriot	35	30	0	0	0	0
Greek	3,365	3,295	35	10	25	40
Italian	17,745	17,080	400	120	150	455
Kosovar	35	35	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	215	0	0	0	0
Maltese	225	225	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	35	35	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	11,765	10,920	80	125	645	140
Serbian	1,055	995	10	35	15	20
Sicilian	200	200	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	890	890	0	10	0	10
Spanish	10,415	9,865	260	155	135	340
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	755	745	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	8,825	8,580	65	60	120	90
Basque	95	85	0	10	0	0
Jewish	7,310	7,100	30	55	120	60
Roma (Gypsy)	95	100	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	130	130	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,255	1,220	35	0	0	30
Caribbean origins	8,990	8,780	175	15	20	185
Antiguan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	640	635	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Carib	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cuban	240	220	0	10	0	10
Dominican	245	235	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	130	45	80	10	0	85
Jamaican	3,765	3,740	15	0	10	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	60	60	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,000	1,955	45	0	0	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	155	155	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,280	1,275	10	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	575	550	25	0	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	10,440	110	200	250	210
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	490	430	30	15	10	40
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	445	415	0	15	15	10
Belizean	20	25	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	50	40	10	0	0	10
Brazilian	690	625	0	10	55	0
Chilean	1,260	1,215	20	15	10	30
Colombian	805	755	0	30	20	15
Costa Rican	60	55	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	85	60	0	15	10	0
Guatemalan	445	430	0	10	0	10
Guyanese	1,305	1,305	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	305	300	10	0	0	0
Honduran	75	70	0	0	0	0
Maya	135	130	0	10	10	0
Mexican	1,720	1,610	25	40	45	45
Nicaraguan	295	285	0	10	0	0
Panamanian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	485	475	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	265	225	15	20	10	20
Salvadorean	1,675	1,620	0	30	25	15
Uruguayan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	185	170	10	0	15	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	735	695	0	10	35	10
African origins	25,385	21,655	2,300	810	620	2,705
Central and West African origins	8,045	6,115	1,535	325	70	1,695
Akan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	25	25	0	0	0	0
Beninese	50	25	25	0	0	25
Burkinabe	20	0	15	0	0	15
Cameroonian	145	40	100	0	0	100
Chadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	1,545	360	865	270	50	995
Edo	130	125	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	10	0	0	15
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	355	300	35	10	10	40
Guinean	65	15	45	0	0	50
Ibo	420	415	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	125	10	105	10	0	110
Liberian	45	50	0	0	0	10
Malian	140	0	140	0	0	140
Malinké	30	35	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	3,450	3,405	15	20	10	25
Peulh	30	0	20	0	0	20
Senegalese	115	15	90	0	0	95
Sierra Leonean	315	315	0	0	0	0
Togolese	110	35	75	0	0	75
Wolof	20	0	15	0	0	20
Yoruba	995	990	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	495	380	95	15	10	100
North African origins	3,240	2,600	275	270	95	410
Algerian	90	35	25	35	0	45
Berber	130	15	65	40	10	85
Coptic	75	65	0	0	10	0
Dinka	35	30	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,160	1,055	30	45	35	50
Libyan	305	300	0	0	0	0
Maure	70	15	50	10	0	55
Moroccan	295	75	100	115	10	160
Sudanese	1,030	985	0	10	35	0
Tunisian	85	35	20	30	10	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	60	65	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	9,190	8,325	285	155	425	360
Afrikaner	30	25	0	0	0	0
Amhara	115	95	0	0	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	150	85	30	25	10	45
Burundian	215	75	110	20	15	120
Djiboutian	45	25	15	0	10	10
Eritrean	2,175	1,995	0	0	180	0
Ethiopian	2,520	2,440	25	10	50	30
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	290	285	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	105	65	25	10	0	30
Oromo	320	315	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	295	165	70	45	10	95
Seychellois	30	20	0	10	0	0
Somali	1,715	1,555	20	10	130	20
South African	380	370	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	320	295	0	0	20	0
Ugandan	175	175	0	0	0	0
Zambian	190	190	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	265	250	10	0	0	10
Zulu	25	25	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	425	360	20	15	30	30
Other African origins	5,525	5,080	285	105	45	340
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	645	640	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	4,945	4,515	285	100	50	330
Asian origins	159,880	150,700	395	845	7,945	820
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	8,475	110	225	910	225
Afghan	1,010	920	20	10	55	25
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,535	1,135	50	85	265	90
Armenian	355	330	0	10	15	0
Assyrian	35	30	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	60	50	0	0	0	0
Georgian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,570	1,435	0	40	85	20
Iraqi	915	870	0	0	40	0
Israeli	715	710	10	10	0	10
Jordanian	205	190	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	50	40	0	0	0	0
Kurd	305	275	0	10	15	10
Kuwaiti	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	35	25	0	0	10	0
Lebanese	980	930	15	35	0	30
Palestinian	550	485	15	20	25	25
Pashtun	50	40	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	120	120	0	0	10	0
Syrian	900	505	10	0	390	0
Tajik	50	45	0	0	0	0
Tatar	140	135	0	0	0	0
Turk	540	515	0	0	20	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	55	55	0	0	10	0
Yemeni	100	105	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	220	190	0	0	35	0
South Asian origins	38,340	35,520	95	215	2,500	205
Bangladeshi	850	805	0	15	40	10
Bengali	195	180	0	0	15	0
Bhutanese	145	130	0	0	10	0
East Indian	30,365	28,060	80	175	2,050	170
Goan	50	55	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	150	145	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nepali	495	450	0	0	45	0
Pakistani	2,960	2,830	0	10	115	10
Punjabi	3,490	3,085	10	15	385	15
Sinhalese	255	250	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,020	980	0	20	25	10
Tamil	235	225	0	0	15	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	665	625	0	0	35	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,255	107,120	190	400	4,545	390
Burmese	245	210	0	0	30	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	445	10	0	45	10
Chinese	26,505	23,530	65	135	2,770	130
Filipino	76,735	75,915	30	175	610	120
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	420	415	0	0	0	0
Japanese	2,250	2,180	25	15	30	35
Karen	450	360	0	0	90	0
Korean	3,920	3,460	10	55	390	40
Laotian	1,550	1,455	10	10	80	15
Malaysian	425	420	0	0	10	0
Mongolian	130	120	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	120	105	0	0	10	0
Thai	610	570	10	10	15	15
Tibetan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,490	4,835	35	30	595	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	145	135	0	10	10	0
Other Asian origins	435	415	10	0	15	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	435	415	0	0	15	10
Oceania origins	970	965	0	0	0	0
Australian	640	640	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	180	180	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	195	195	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Maori	55	55	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	50	50	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	574,035	544,475	19,435	2,010	8,110	20,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	88,970	3,315	350	4,520	3,485
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	171,600	164,305	4,815	440	2,045	5,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	291,200	11,320	1,220	1,550	11,925
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,580	35,450	1,675	110	340	1,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	19,445	18,300	865	60	215	900
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	18,140	17,145	810	50	130	835
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	97,700	3,630	265	485	3,765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	14,890	760	55	160	785
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,765	143,165	5,245	785	565	5,640
Bachelor's degree	105,610	101,435	3,430	405	345	3,630
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	10,780	525	70	85	565
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,685	4,475	135	55	25	160
Master's degree	23,210	21,985	945	180	95	1,040
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	4,780	4,485	210	75	0	245
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	574,035	544,475	19,435	2,015	8,110	20,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	268,750	253,275	8,125	790	6,560	8,515
Education	25,530	23,790	1,540	95	105	1,590
13. Education	25,530	23,790	1,540	95	105	1,585
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	9,515	285	35	35	300
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,610	45	10	10	50
50. Visual and performing arts	8,200	7,905	235	25	25	250
Humanities	16,055	15,175	670	90	120	715
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	1,280	140	25	40	155
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	3,095	70	10	10	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,025	4,835	130	15	45	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	50	50	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	1,045	35	10	0	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,080	2,030	40	0	10	40
54. History	2,555	2,455	90	0	0	90
55. French language and literature/letters	570	375	165	25	0	180
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,265	32,730	1,170	240	125	1,290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	585	15	10	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	2,385	95	10	15	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,595	6,290	200	45	55	225
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	4,970	145	45	15	170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	725	710	10	0	0	15
42. Psychology	6,290	6,010	265	15	0	275
45. Social sciences	12,365	11,785	425	115	45	480
Business, management and public administration	64,255	61,255	2,510	205	285	2,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	210	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,650	4,485	150	10	10	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,385	56,560	2,355	190	275	2,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	11,740	435	85	30	480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,230	5,005	175	40	0	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	3,105	150	15	0	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	365	350	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,835	2,720	75	30	15	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	600	560	30	0	10	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	14,090	510	90	50	555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,235	11,740	385	75	45	415
25. Library science	820	740	65	10	0	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,570	1,505	65	0	0	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	100	100	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	52,675	1,665	170	470	1,745
04. Architecture and related services	2,045	1,950	65	10	20	70
14. Engineering	13,110	12,685	200	75	155	235
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	10,640	280	30	55	295
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,240	9,680	440	35	80	460
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	12,235	485	15	75	490
48. Precision production	5,765	5,480	200	0	80	200
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	4,935	150	35	15	165
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	3,320	80	30	15	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,615	65	0	0	70
Health and related fields	52,925	50,790	1,785	170	185	1,865
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	2,565	100	0	10	105
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	46,740	1,660	145	170	1,735
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	1,485	15	20	0	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,235	14,485	595	20	140	605
12. Personal and culinary services	9,575	9,090	365	0	120	365
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	40	10	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	110	10	10	0	15
43. Security and protective services	2,390	2,300	80	0	0	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,090	2,935	130	10	20	140
Other	25	25	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,750	253,275	8,120	795	6,560	8,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	305,285	291,195	11,315	1,220	1,550	11,925
Location of study inside Canada	240,610	229,390	10,390	685	150	10,735
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	202,220	8,570	605	145	8,875
Different than province or territory of residence	29,075	27,170	1,820	80	0	1,860
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	64,675	61,815	925	540	1,400	1,195
United States^Footnote 130	6,010	5,835	145	35	0	155
Philippines	23,730	23,690	0	10	40	10
India	8,920	8,710	0	10	195	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	2,690	2,640	25	20	0	35
China^Footnote 132	2,515	2,010	0	10	500	10
France	315	40	265	10	0	265
Other	20,495	18,885	485	455	665	710
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	574,035	544,475	19,435	2,015	8,110	not applicable ...
In the labour force	385,100	368,950	11,990	1,350	2,800	not applicable ...
Employed	360,060	344,980	11,470	1,175	2,425	not applicable ...
Unemployed	25,040	23,970	520	175	375	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	188,940	175,520	7,450	665	5,310	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.1	67.8	61.7	67.0	34.5	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.7	63.4	59.0	58.3	29.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	4.3	13.0	13.4	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	574,035	544,475	19,440	2,015	8,110	20,445
Did not work^Footnote 135	177,650	164,845	6,785	710	5,315	7,140
Worked	396,385	379,630	12,655	1,305	2,795	13,300
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	204,765	196,220	6,795	490	1,260	7,035
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	191,620	183,415	5,860	810	1,535	6,265
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	43.0	38.2	41.8	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	409,300	391,800	13,095	1,415	2,990	13,805
a.Management	37,350	35,890	1,210	85	175	1,245
00 Senior management occupations	3,940	3,795	120	15	10	125
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	13,520	12,835	635	40	15	650
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,170	12,790	245	25	100	260
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,725	6,470	210	0	50	205
b.Professional	75,605	71,820	3,320	365	105	3,505
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	13,255	12,650	545	40	15	565
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,290	12,790	405	60	30	435
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,400	8,100	295	0	0	295
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	7,025	6,770	210	30	15	225
40 Professional occupations in education services	17,375	16,040	1,155	160	10	1,240
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	11,590	11,115	420	35	20	435
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,685	4,350	285	30	10	305
c.Technical and paraprofessional	41,275	39,550	1,550	150	30	1,625
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,485	12,045	380	45	10	400
32 Technical occupations in health	7,415	7,130	260	20	0	270
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,790	10,425	315	45	10	335
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,990	2,765	225	10	0	230
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,595	7,185	365	35	10	390
d.Administration and administrative support	54,220	51,895	2,170	95	70	2,215
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	19,865	18,875	935	35	10	955
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,115	3,910	175	10	20	175
14 Office support occupations	21,695	20,800	850	30	15	870
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,545	8,305	205	15	20	210
e.Sales	39,210	38,210	775	140	90	850
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	8,530	8,290	215	20	0	225
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	18,260	17,765	400	60	35	430
66 Sales support occupations	12,420	12,155	165	60	50	190
f.Personal and customer information services	85,265	81,175	2,330	380	1,375	2,525
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	11,255	10,855	315	75	15	350
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,670	12,140	395	40	90	420
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	13,755	12,825	300	35	585	325
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	23,085	22,045	750	125	155	815
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	24,500	23,310	565	100	530	615
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	28,130	26,910	840	70	305	875
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	18,040	17,195	570	50	225	600
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,085	9,715	270	20	75	280
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	25,545	24,710	550	60	225	580
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	6,005	5,925	55	0	15	60
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	14,525	13,960	375	30	155	390
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	5,020	4,820	120	30	50	130
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,295	4,045	135	20	100	145
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	720	705	15	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,000	910	55	0	35	55
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,580	2,435	70	15	55	80
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,395	17,610	215	50	525	240
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,255	2,210	40	0	0	45
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,140	5,810	55	30	250	75
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,520	5,330	65	10	110	70
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,485	4,260	50	10	165	55
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	409,300	391,800	13,095	1,415	2,990	13,805
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,865	2,635	110	10	120	115
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,530	2,330	95	0	100	100
113 Forestry and logging	55	50	10	0	0	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	45	35	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	240	220	0	0	10	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	690	20	0	0	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	165	155	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	250	250	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	290	275	15	0	0	15
22 Utilities	3,905	3,775	110	15	0	115
221 Utilities	3,900	3,775	110	20	0	120
23 Construction	25,660	24,540	845	85	185	890
236 Construction of buildings	7,210	6,895	255	30	35	270
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	3,030	2,855	135	10	30	140
238 Specialty trade contractors	15,415	14,785	460	50	125	480
31-33 Manufacturing	34,680	33,370	580	85	645	620
311 Food manufacturing	4,545	4,320	60	25	145	75
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	515	490	15	10	0	20
313 Textile mills	70	60	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	180	170	0	0	20	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,310	1,220	10	10	75	15
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	155	135	10	0	10	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	690	665	10	0	15	10
322 Paper manufacturing	630	620	10	0	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	2,330	2,280	50	0	0	50
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	80	80	10	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,315	1,280	30	0	0	30
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	2,595	2,515	40	0	45	40
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	775	755	10	0	15	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,190	1,120	15	0	55	15
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,500	2,440	30	10	30	30
333 Machinery manufacturing	3,450	3,345	55	0	50	50
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	685	670	10	10	0	15
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	800	785	10	0	10	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,060	5,895	125	20	25	135
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	3,080	2,920	50	10	105	55
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,710	1,615	50	0	45	55
41 Wholesale trade	14,355	13,805	385	50	115	410
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	755	730	20	10	0	20
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	105	110	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,400	2,290	50	10	50	55
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,775	1,700	45	10	15	50
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,210	1,180	25	0	10	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,320	2,220	85	15	0	90
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,445	3,350	65	10	20	70
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,730	1,655	60	10	15	60
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	610	575	30	0	10	35
44-45 Retail trade	45,615	44,545	770	130	175	835
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,060	4,915	145	0	10	145
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,080	2,050	15	10	10	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,750	1,695	35	10	15	35
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,220	3,115	85	20	0	95
445 Food and beverage stores	10,280	9,940	195	50	100	215
446 Health and personal care stores	4,320	4,215	70	30	10	80
447 Gasoline stations	1,705	1,670	20	0	0	20
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,150	5,075	45	15	20	55
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,340	2,285	55	0	0	55
452 General merchandise stores	5,880	5,810	55	0	0	55
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,675	2,645	30	0	0	35
454 Non-store retailers	1,155	1,130	20	0	0	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	22,765	21,925	650	25	155	670
481 Air transportation	1,965	1,860	100	10	0	105
482 Rail transportation	2,625	2,510	110	10	0	110
483 Water transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	7,685	7,400	155	10	125	155
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,755	2,660	80	0	15	80
486 Pipeline transportation	40	35	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,735	2,650	60	10	10	65
491 Postal service	1,600	1,500	95	10	0	95
492 Couriers and messengers	2,140	2,105	35	0	10	35
493 Warehousing and storage	1,200	1,180	15	0	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	8,670	8,255	380	25	15	390
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,305	1,265	30	0	0	30
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,475	1,400	75	10	0	75
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	805	710	100	0	0	100
517 Telecommunications	3,870	3,735	110	15	10	115
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	145	145	10	0	0	10
519 Other information services	1,065	1,000	65	0	0	70
52 Finance and insurance	19,105	18,235	785	80	10	825
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,730	5,495	195	35	0	210
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,835	2,710	120	10	0	120
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,415	9,910	455	40	10	480
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	115	0	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,155	5,960	165	10	25	170
531 Real estate	5,250	5,075	150	10	15	155
532 Rental and leasing services	895	865	15	0	10	20
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	15	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,385	21,630	635	90	25	680
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,385	21,630	635	90	25	680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	560	540	25	0	0	25
551 Management of companies and enterprises	560	535	20	0	0	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,975	16,180	470	110	220	530
561 Administrative and support services	16,445	15,655	465	105	215	520
562 Waste management and remediation services	530	525	0	0	0	10
61 Educational services	35,060	32,680	2,115	230	35	2,230
611 Educational services	35,065	32,675	2,115	230	40	2,230
62 Health care and social assistance	59,725	57,560	1,830	235	105	1,940
621 Ambulatory health care services	15,475	14,975	465	30	10	480
622 Hospitals	19,590	18,965	545	55	15	575
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	11,385	10,855	405	70	45	445
624 Social assistance	13,280	12,760	410	70	35	445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,860	9,415	370	50	30	395
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,145	2,950	165	15	15	170
712 Heritage institutions	825	735	75	15	0	85
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	5,890	5,725	125	25	15	140
72 Accommodation and food services	31,920	30,490	520	95	810	570
721 Accommodation services	5,100	4,910	110	20	65	120
722 Food services and drinking places	26,820	25,585	415	80	740	455
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,230	17,380	535	30	285	550
811 Repair and maintenance	4,895	4,730	70	10	95	70
812 Personal and laundry services	5,820	5,535	170	0	120	165
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,395	6,070	255	20	50	270
814 Private households	1,120	1,045	40	0	25	45
91 Public administration	30,095	28,200	1,810	65	25	1,840
911 Federal government public administration	11,775	10,705	1,030	30	0	1,045
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,610	10,035	535	25	10	550
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,425	7,175	235	10	0	245
914 Aboriginal public administration	255	255	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	35	25	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	360,060	344,985	11,470	1,175	2,425	12,055
Worked at home	14,985	14,210	640	50	90	660
Worked outside Canada	1,270	1,170	25	10	60	30
No fixed workplace address	35,110	33,690	1,050	130	250	1,110
Worked at usual place	308,690	295,915	9,760	995	2,025	10,260
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	409,305	391,800	13,095	1,410	2,990	13,800
English	395,805	383,715	9,665	1,040	1,385	10,185
French	4,000	1,300	2,605	95	0	2,660
Non-official language	3,905	2,560	20	35	1,285	40
Aboriginal	75	70	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	3,825	2,490	20	35	1,285	40
English and French	1,675	660	785	225	0	895
English and non-official language	3,875	3,535	0	10	325	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	30	0	0	0	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	409,305	391,800	13,095	1,410	2,995	13,805
None	382,970	372,055	7,465	1,075	2,375	8,000
English	4,530	2,470	1,755	65	245	1,790
French	8,590	4,660	3,780	150	0	3,855
Non-official language	12,930	12,405	60	95	375	110
Aboriginal	375	370	0	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	12,560	12,035	60	90	375	105
English and French	10	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	35	15	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	230	185	15	30	0	30
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	295,910	9,760	990	2,025	10,255
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	277,730	9,120	965	1,890	9,605
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,655	2,580	65	0	10	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	14,455	535	10	130	540
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	1,150	35	15	0	45
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	343,805	329,605	10,805	1,120	2,275	11,370
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,975	231,665	7,470	585	1,250	7,765
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	24,150	605	40	490	625
Public transit	51,060	48,825	1,515	335	385	1,680
Walked	16,730	15,760	745	95	125	800
Bicycle	6,210	5,860	310	35	0	325
Other method	3,560	3,350	160	25	20	170
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	343,805	329,605	10,805	1,120	2,275	11,365
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	74,480	2,705	205	465	2,810
15 to 29 minutes	149,895	143,795	4,785	440	870	5,005
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	77,780	2,470	325	695	2,630
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	20,355	495	80	115	535
60 minutes and over	13,735	13,180	350	70	130	385
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	343,805	329,605	10,810	1,120	2,275	11,365
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	14,150	380	65	175	415
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	57,290	1,775	160	455	1,855
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,625	97,230	3,860	265	260	3,995
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	67,635	2,485	290	270	2,625
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	33,210	975	105	530	1,030
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	60,080	1,330	240	585	1,450
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	685,365	650,805	21,650	2,810	10,105	23,060
Non-movers	584,855	556,215	19,065	2,195	7,380	20,165
Movers	100,515	94,590	2,585	615	2,720	2,890
Non-migrants	75,535	72,345	1,800	395	995	2,000
Migrants	24,975	22,240	785	220	1,730	890
Internal migrants	12,940	12,190	510	85	155	555
Intraprovincial migrants	6,760	6,560	145	10	55	145
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	5,630	370	80	100	410
External migrants	12,035	10,055	270	135	1,580	340
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	653,850	621,550	21,040	2,680	8,585	22,375
Non-movers	382,145	363,775	13,510	1,180	3,680	14,100
Movers	271,710	257,780	7,530	1,495	4,905	8,275
Non-migrants	183,715	176,080	5,080	815	1,740	5,490
Migrants	87,995	81,700	2,450	680	3,160	2,790
Internal migrants	35,120	33,355	1,420	125	220	1,485
Intraprovincial migrants	18,760	18,145	535	10	65	540
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	15,205	885	115	155	940
External migrants	52,870	48,345	1,030	555	2,945	1,305

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 11

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.