Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Winnipeg, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	690,000	654,730	21,725	2,840	10,710	23,145
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	690,005	654,730	21,725	2,840	10,715	23,145
0 to 14 years	118,425	112,615	2,380	830	2,605	2,795
0 to 4 years	39,035	35,965	775	165	2,130	855
5 to 9 years	40,220	38,800	775	295	360	920
10 to 14 years	39,170	37,855	830	375	110	1,015
15 to 64 years	471,750	450,970	14,055	1,795	4,935	14,950
15 to 19 years	42,805	41,445	960	300	95	1,115
20 to 24 years	50,165	48,630	1,130	280	130	1,270
25 to 29 years	51,760	49,850	1,410	215	285	1,520
30 to 34 years	50,790	48,945	1,335	175	335	1,425
35 to 39 years	47,585	45,725	1,250	210	400	1,355
40 to 44 years	45,380	43,385	1,260	185	545	1,355
45 to 49 years	44,795	42,660	1,190	135	805	1,260
50 to 54 years	49,650	47,090	1,765	120	680	1,825
55 to 59 years	47,375	44,630	1,805	125	820	1,865
60 to 64 years	41,445	38,610	1,940	50	845	1,970
65 years and over	99,825	91,145	5,295	210	3,175	5,400
65 to 69 years	34,900	32,485	1,670	50	685	1,690
70 to 74 years	23,980	21,875	1,350	75	680	1,390
75 to 79 years	16,970	15,355	960	35	620	975
80 to 84 years	12,830	11,530	740	35	530	755
85 years and over	11,150	9,900	580	15	660	585
85 to 89 years	7,390	6,600	365	0	410	370
90 to 94 years	3,045	2,680	180	10	175	185
95 to 99 years	620	545	30	0	45	25
100 years and over	100	65	0	0	25	0
Average age	39.2	38.9	46.7	30.0	45.7	not applicable ...
Median age	38.2	37.7	49.8	25.2	51.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Married or living common law	314,560	296,280	11,560	1,030	5,685	12,075
Married	265,590	249,480	9,615	905	5,590	10,070
Living common law	48,970	46,800	1,945	125	95	2,010
Not married and not living common law	257,020	245,835	7,785	980	2,420	8,275
Never married	179,505	173,735	4,465	805	500	4,870
Separated	14,680	14,065	425	30	165	440
Divorced	34,655	32,940	1,405	90	220	1,450
Widowed	28,175	25,100	1,490	55	1,535	1,515
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	571,580	542,110	19,345	2,005	8,110	20,350
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,880	515,770	18,820	1,785	7,505	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,916	45,192	48,432	37,289	18,922	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,122	35,379	41,026	26,145	17,056	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	544,005	515,885	18,820	1,790	7,510	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,742	36,932	39,766	30,980	17,483	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,070	31,240	35,392	24,236	16,964	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	492,595	468,835	17,645	1,550	4,565	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,106	44,336	45,000	37,442	19,350	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,573	33,717	37,617	25,953	14,335	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	402,440	380,340	13,875	1,485	6,740	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,632	8,469	5,680	7,961	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,353	3,244	7,491	1,204	4,871	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	412,405	394,530	13,470	1,380	3,025	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,874	43,926	47,331	36,123	25,162	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,805	34,815	41,730	24,946	22,576	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.9	89.2	87.1	87.2	62.2	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.1	74.4	69.9	75.1	53.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.1	10.8	12.9	12.7	37.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Without total income	27,695	26,345	525	225	600	635
With total income	543,880	515,770	18,820	1,785	7,510	19,710
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.1	97.3	88.8	92.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75,075	70,840	1,665	380	2,190	1,860
$10,000 to $19,999	83,430	77,990	2,440	385	2,615	2,635
$20,000 to $29,999	76,535	72,280	2,655	240	1,360	2,775
$30,000 to $39,999	72,200	68,920	2,415	165	705	2,495
$40,000 to $49,999	63,925	61,105	2,325	155	345	2,405
$50,000 to $59,999	48,425	46,210	1,925	160	135	2,000
$60,000 to $69,999	33,820	32,195	1,455	65	105	1,485
$70,000 to $79,999	25,040	23,915	1,040	70	20	1,070
$80,000 to $89,999	19,380	18,415	930	30	10	945
$90,000 to $99,999	12,575	11,890	630	45	10	650
$100,000 and over	33,470	32,015	1,345	80	25	1,390
$100,000 to $149,999	23,100	22,030	1,000	60	10	1,030
$150,000 and over	10,370	9,980	355	20	20	365
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Without after-tax income	27,575	26,230	525	215	605	635
With after-tax income	544,005	515,880	18,820	1,790	7,505	19,710
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	97.3	89.1	92.5	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	77,545	73,175	1,775	385	2,205	1,970
$10,000 to $19,999	90,170	84,350	2,670	400	2,760	2,870
$20,000 to $29,999	94,155	89,255	3,150	285	1,460	3,295
$30,000 to $39,999	90,345	86,240	3,210	205	695	3,310
$40,000 to $49,999	68,655	65,515	2,715	195	230	2,815
$50,000 to $59,999	45,220	43,085	1,920	130	95	1,980
$60,000 to $69,999	30,220	28,820	1,305	60	35	1,335
$70,000 to $79,999	18,300	17,340	905	50	15	925
$80,000 and over	29,390	28,105	1,180	80	20	1,220
$80,000 to $89,999	9,860	9,370	450	30	0	465
$90,000 to $99,999	5,685	5,415	250	15	10	260
$100,000 and over	13,845	13,320	480	30	15	495
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Without employment income	159,175	147,590	5,870	625	5,085	6,185
With employment income	412,400	394,530	13,470	1,385	3,020	14,165
Percentage with employment income	72.2	72.8	69.6	68.9	37.2	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,560	44,420	1,575	265	295	1,705
$5,000 to $9,999	29,560	28,235	875	125	330	935
$10,000 to $19,999	53,190	50,765	1,465	260	700	1,595
$20,000 to $29,999	51,780	49,705	1,220	130	730	1,285
$30,000 to $39,999	52,035	50,015	1,400	145	480	1,470
$40,000 to $49,999	45,700	43,820	1,475	135	275	1,545
$50,000 to $59,999	35,930	34,395	1,315	105	115	1,370
$60,000 to $69,999	25,400	24,330	955	55	55	980
$70,000 to $79,999	20,125	19,240	815	50	25	835
$80,000 and over	52,130	49,610	2,380	120	20	2,440
$80,000 to $89,999	16,190	15,325	840	25	0	850
$90,000 to $99,999	10,300	9,755	495	30	10	515
$100,000 and over	25,635	24,525	1,045	60	10	1,075
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	571,575	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	199,995	191,680	6,675	470	1,170	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,937	50,834	59,414	45,659	29,367	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,165	61,204	65,521	59,533	30,608	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	690,005	654,730	21,720	2,840	10,715	23,145
English only	608,785	608,780	0	0	0	0
French only	875	0	875	0	0	875
English and French	69,355	45,680	20,835	2,840	0	22,255
Neither English nor French	10,995	265	10	0	10,715	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	690,005	654,725	21,720	2,845	10,710	23,140
English	540,815	529,420	11,395	0	0	11,395
French	8,905	325	8,580	0	0	8,580
Non-official language	91,755	78,860	220	1,960	10,715	1,200
Aboriginal	955	910	0	20	25	10
Non-Aboriginal	90,800	77,945	220	1,940	10,685	1,195
English and French	2,090	525	975	595	0	1,270
English and non-official language	45,430	45,340	85	0	0	85
French and non-official language	365	20	345	0	0	340
English, French and non-official language	650	235	130	290	0	270
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	690,005	654,725	21,720	2,840	10,710	23,140
None	583,905	561,730	10,700	1,550	9,925	11,475
English	45,350	39,275	4,835	805	440	5,235
French	11,780	6,510	5,175	100	0	5,220
Non-official language	46,960	45,695	760	160	340	840
Aboriginal	2,330	2,330	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	44,625	43,365	765	165	340	845
English and French	255	20	25	195	10	125
English and non-official language	1,235	1,055	175	0	0	180
French and non-official language	490	435	50	0	0	50
English, French and non-official language	30	10	0	25	0	10
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	690,000	654,725	21,725	2,840	10,710	23,145
English	467,905	467,890	15	0	0	15
French	22,085	1,650	20,435	0	0	20,435
Non-official language	178,140	164,600	630	2,195	10,715	1,735
Aboriginal	3,465	3,420	0	20	25	10
Non-Aboriginal	174,670	161,175	635	2,175	10,690	1,720
English and French	2,555	1,925	105	520	0	370
English and non-official language	18,350	18,340	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	570	75	490	0	0	490
English, French and non-official language	405	250	35	125	0	100
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	690,005	654,730	21,725	2,845	10,715	23,140
Official languages	679,010	654,465	21,710	2,835	0	23,130
English	678,135	654,465	20,835	2,840	0	22,255
French	70,230	45,680	21,710	2,840	0	23,130
Non-official languages	220,920	204,635	3,215	2,355	10,715	4,395
Aboriginal languages	5,645	5,575	20	25	25	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,340	199,130	3,190	2,330	10,690	4,360
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	690,005	654,730	21,720	2,840	10,710	23,145
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	84,305	80,340	3,825	100	45	3,875
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	82,750	78,825	3,795	90	40	3,840
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	36,840	36,650	120	35	40	135
Métis	45,635	41,910	3,665	55	10	3,695
Inuk (Inuit)	275	270	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,190	1,160	20	10	0	25
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	360	345	15	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	605,700	574,395	17,900	2,745	10,665	19,270
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	690,005	654,730	21,720	2,845	10,710	23,145
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	35,035	34,790	170	40	35	195
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	654,970	619,940	21,550	2,800	10,680	22,950
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	690,005	654,730	21,720	2,840	10,710	23,140
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	28,495	27,940	475	35	35	500
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	27,405	26,870	465	35	30	485
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	19,310	19,260	10	15	35	15
Métis single ancestry	8,035	7,555	455	25	0	465
Inuit single ancestry	55	60	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	1,085	1,070	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,045	1,035	15	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	57,540	53,750	3,700	90	0	3,745
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	54,120	50,560	3,475	85	0	3,520
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,265	18,880	360	25	0	375
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,630	31,465	3,110	60	0	3,140
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	215	0	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	3,420	3,190	225	0	10	225
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,275	3,040	225	10	10	225
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	75	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	603,970	573,035	17,545	2,715	10,670	18,905
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	690,005	654,730	21,720	2,840	10,715	23,140
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	609,450	581,950	20,215	2,090	5,190	21,260
Canadian citizens only	589,965	563,790	19,790	1,635	4,755	20,605
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	19,485	18,165	425	460	440	655
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	80,550	72,775	1,505	755	5,520	1,880
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	690,000	654,725	21,725	2,840	10,710	23,140
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	500,560	478,900	18,945	985	1,720	19,440
Immigrants^Footnote 42	176,155	163,560	2,445	1,725	8,420	3,310
Before 1981	37,655	35,950	345	185	1,170	440
1981 to 1990	16,165	14,990	75	55	1,050	105
1991 to 2000	17,875	16,475	270	155	980	345
2001 to 2010	52,445	49,000	740	795	1,905	1,140
2001 to 2005	15,935	14,730	335	345	520	510
2006 to 2010	36,505	34,270	400	450	1,380	625
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	52,020	47,150	1,015	540	3,325	1,280
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	13,285	12,260	330	130	570	390
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	176,155	163,565	2,445	1,730	8,420	3,315
Under 5 years	17,810	16,660	235	285	630	375
5 to 14 years	32,890	31,770	445	380	295	630
15 to 24 years	34,765	33,285	605	280	590	745
25 to 44 years	75,960	70,770	1,015	695	3,480	1,360
45 years and over	14,730	11,080	145	90	3,415	190
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	176,155	163,560	2,450	1,730	8,420	3,315
Americas	16,190	15,675	105	220	195	215
Brazil	380	355	0	20	10	10
Colombia	530	500	0	15	15	0
El Salvador	1,495	1,455	0	20	15	10
Guyana	1,065	1,060	0	0	0	0
Haiti	75	15	50	10	0	55
Jamaica	1,570	1,575	0	0	0	0
Mexico	730	670	10	35	20	25
Peru	190	165	0	15	15	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	1,385	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	4,100	4,065	25	15	0	25
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	4,430	25	85	125	65
Europe	36,455	34,120	545	370	1,415	735
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	975	0	20	15	10
Croatia	855	830	0	10	15	0
France	470	90	375	0	0	375
Germany	3,980	3,905	15	45	10	40
Greece	770	760	0	0	0	0
Hungary	675	655	0	0	10	10
Ireland^Footnote 48	390	385	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,460	2,315	20	30	100	35
Netherlands	1,005	1,000	0	0	0	0
Poland	4,240	3,955	10	25	250	15
Portugal	3,800	3,150	0	70	575	40
Romania	625	550	15	35	30	30
Russian Federation	1,965	1,790	0	30	150	10
Serbia^Footnote 49	325	315	0	10	10	10
Ukraine	3,605	3,370	10	30	195	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	6,870	6,855	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,400	3,195	100	65	40	130
Africa	15,940	13,105	1,725	645	465	2,045
Algeria	100	10	45	50	0	65
Egypt	895	820	10	30	35	25
Ethiopia	2,210	2,145	10	10	40	20
Kenya	890	860	10	10	15	10
Morocco	220	35	95	90	0	135
Nigeria	3,490	3,480	0	0	0	0
Somalia	750	650	10	0	95	0
South Africa, Republic of	525	520	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	4,575	1,555	445	285	1,770
Asia	107,125	100,220	70	500	6,335	315
Afghanistan	605	560	10	0	30	15
Bangladesh	845	785	0	15	40	10
China^Footnote 51	7,560	5,735	0	25	1,805	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	1,375	1,285	10	10	70	15
India	19,435	17,705	10	90	1,630	55
Iran^Footnote 53	1,030	940	0	35	55	15
Iraq	835	780	0	0	55	0
Japan	180	180	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	2,580	2,245	0	45	285	25
Lebanon	220	135	0	35	50	20
Pakistan	2,840	2,760	0	20	65	10
Philippines	56,935	56,320	0	135	475	70
Sri Lanka	965	920	0	10	35	0
Syria^Footnote 55	695	285	0	10	400	0
Taiwan	185	170	0	0	20	0
Viet Nam	4,055	3,190	10	20	835	20
Other places of birth in Asia	6,785	6,230	10	60	480	40
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	455	445	0	0	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	52,025	47,145	1,015	540	3,325	1,285
Americas	1,935	1,820	15	45	60	30
Brazil	90	90	0	0	0	0
Colombia	75	75	0	0	0	0
Cuba	55	30	0	10	10	0
Haiti	20	0	10	0	0	15
Jamaica	245	240	0	0	0	0
Mexico	240	220	0	10	10	0
United States^Footnote 58	600	595	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	45	35	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	570	520	0	15	30	10
Europe	3,320	2,850	110	105	255	160
France	85	0	80	0	0	80
Germany	100	80	0	20	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	95	95	0	0	10	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	130	95	0	35	0	20
Romania	60	35	15	10	10	20
Russian Federation	725	610	0	15	105	10
Ukraine	965	875	0	10	85	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	305	300	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	855	765	15	15	55	25
Africa	7,105	5,660	875	260	310	1,000
Algeria	20	0	15	10	0	20
Cameroon	50	15	35	0	0	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	140	425	130	30	490
Côte d'Ivoire	95	10	85	0	0	90
Egypt	380	340	0	15	25	0
Eritrea	745	635	0	0	110	0
Ethiopia	720	700	0	0	15	0
Morocco	60	0	35	25	10	45
Nigeria	2,405	2,400	0	10	0	0
Somalia	385	330	0	0	55	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	90	0	0	0	10
Tunisia	55	10	15	30	0	30
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	1,005	260	40	65	280
Asia	39,535	36,700	25	130	2,690	85
Afghanistan	60	55	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	330	305	0	0	25	0
China^Footnote 63	2,885	2,190	0	0	690	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	145	140	0	0	10	0
India	9,480	8,610	0	35	830	25
Iran^Footnote 65	400	350	0	20	30	10
Iraq	315	275	0	0	40	0
Israel	590	540	0	0	40	0
Japan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,160	960	10	15	180	10
Lebanon	120	75	0	0	45	0
Nepal	205	205	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,415	1,395	10	0	20	10
Philippines	19,615	19,465	10	40	110	25
Saudi Arabia	310	310	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	225	215	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	540	135	0	0	405	0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	10	0
Turkey	40	40	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	110	105	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	480	385	0	0	100	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	890	0	10	145	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	125	115	0	0	10	0
Australia	70	55	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	55	55	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	690,005	654,730	21,725	2,845	10,715	23,140
First generation^Footnote 71	192,560	178,850	2,845	1,855	9,010	3,770
Second generation^Footnote 72	127,905	123,925	1,830	630	1,520	2,145
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	369,540	351,950	17,050	355	185	17,225
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	141,180	130,025	2,130	1,560	7,465	2,910
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	91,505	86,875	925	940	2,765	1,390
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	35,510	33,735	430	315	1,030	590
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	55,990	53,135	490	625	1,735	805
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	30,655	27,130	335	225	2,965	445
Refugees^Footnote 79	18,635	15,725	855	395	1,655	1,050
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	380	290	20	0	75	20
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	690,005	654,730	21,725	2,840	10,710	23,140
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	193,050	179,920	2,660	1,715	8,765	3,510
South Asian^Footnote 83	37,570	34,740	60	235	2,535	180
Chinese	19,660	16,890	45	110	2,610	105
Black	26,890	23,705	2,135	495	550	2,385
Filipino	73,365	72,595	20	170	580	105
Latin American	6,715	6,255	30	205	230	130
Arab	4,560	3,365	195	295	710	340
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	7,875	6,940	40	45	855	65
West Asian^Footnote 85	2,445	2,250	20	45	130	45
Korean	3,780	3,340	10	55	375	40
Japanese	1,550	1,500	10	0	25	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	2,760	2,640	55	20	50	60
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	5,880	5,690	35	30	130	50
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	496,950	474,810	19,065	1,130	1,945	19,630
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	690,005	654,730	21,725	2,840	10,710	23,140
North American Aboriginal origins	86,035	81,690	4,175	130	40	4,240
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,005	42,315	605	45	35	625
Inuit	470	455	0	0	0	10
Métis	47,085	43,190	3,800	85	10	3,845
Other North American origins	117,405	109,050	7,890	255	200	8,020
Acadian	415	310	100	0	0	105
American	5,205	5,045	155	0	0	155
Canadian	113,125	104,995	7,675	250	200	7,800
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	130	125	10	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Québécois	220	105	115	10	0	115
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	25	25	0	0	0	0
European origins	441,555	421,935	16,575	1,105	1,950	17,130
British Isles origins	229,265	225,765	3,255	180	65	3,345
Channel Islander	40	35	0	0	0	0
Cornish	65	70	0	0	0	0
English	130,680	129,275	1,270	85	55	1,310
Irish	87,415	86,010	1,320	75	15	1,360
Manx	110	110	0	0	0	0
Scottish	112,260	110,965	1,220	65	15	1,250
Welsh	10,885	10,835	40	10	0	45
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	13,255	13,065	175	15	0	185
French origins	83,295	67,560	15,410	305	25	15,560
Alsatian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Breton	65	15	45	0	0	50
Corsican	10	0	0	0	0	0
French	83,250	67,530	15,395	300	25	15,545
Western European origins (except French origins)	137,250	134,290	2,615	245	105	2,735
Austrian	7,390	7,300	70	10	0	75
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	9,710	8,450	1,230	20	10	1,245
Dutch	25,205	24,955	210	35	0	230
Flemish	515	480	30	0	0	30
Frisian	80	80	0	0	0	0
German	105,790	104,600	905	190	90	1,000
Luxembourger	80	75	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,740	2,260	460	20	0	470
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	125	125	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	42,830	42,580	240	10	0	245
Danish	4,320	4,300	15	10	0	15
Finnish	2,430	2,415	15	0	0	15
Icelandic	16,095	15,995	90	10	0	95
Norwegian	10,155	10,100	55	0	0	55
Swedish	12,270	12,210	55	0	0	55
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,560	1,545	15	0	0	10
Eastern European origins	156,060	153,875	890	420	875	1,105
Bulgarian	270	255	0	0	15	0
Byelorussian	600	560	0	20	25	10
Czech	2,660	2,645	10	0	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	1,215	1,215	0	0	0	0
Estonian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	6,465	6,290	70	65	40	100
Latvian	820	820	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	970	950	20	0	0	25
Moldovan	250	230	0	15	0	10
Polish	51,950	51,170	325	130	330	385
Romanian	3,800	3,645	45	70	40	80
Russian	25,700	25,200	45	100	350	95
Slovak	1,355	1,330	10	0	15	10
Ukrainian	99,365	98,385	455	145	375	525
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	705	705	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	47,485	45,320	770	420	980	980
Albanian	395	370	0	0	25	0
Bosnian	955	920	0	20	20	10
Catalan	15	10	0	10	0	0
Croatian	2,210	2,175	20	0	20	20
Cypriot	30	30	0	0	0	0
Greek	3,290	3,220	35	10	30	40
Italian	17,660	17,000	395	115	150	455
Kosovar	30	35	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	215	0	0	0	0
Maltese	225	225	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	35	35	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	11,725	10,885	75	125	645	140
Serbian	1,050	995	10	30	15	20
Sicilian	200	195	0	10	0	0
Slovenian	890	885	0	10	0	0
Spanish	10,400	9,845	265	155	130	340
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	760	740	0	0	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	70	70	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	8,810	8,565	65	60	120	95
Basque	95	85	0	10	0	0
Jewish	7,300	7,090	35	55	120	55
Roma (Gypsy)	100	100	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	130	125	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,245	1,210	35	0	0	35
Caribbean origins	8,980	8,765	175	15	15	185
Antiguan	65	60	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	55	55	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	640	635	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Carib	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cuban	230	210	0	10	10	10
Dominican	245	235	10	0	0	10
Grenadian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	130	45	80	0	0	85
Jamaican	3,765	3,745	15	0	10	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	60	60	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,000	1,950	45	0	0	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	155	0	0	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,275	1,270	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	575	550	25	0	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	10,995	10,435	110	200	250	210
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	490	430	35	10	10	35
Arawak	10	10	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	450	415	0	15	15	10
Belizean	25	25	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	50	40	10	0	0	10
Brazilian	690	620	0	10	55	10
Chilean	1,265	1,215	20	20	10	30
Colombian	805	755	0	30	20	15
Costa Rican	60	55	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	80	60	0	15	0	10
Guatemalan	450	435	0	15	0	0
Guyanese	1,310	1,305	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	300	300	10	0	0	0
Honduran	70	65	0	0	0	0
Maya	135	130	0	10	0	10
Mexican	1,720	1,610	25	40	45	45
Nicaraguan	300	285	0	0	10	10
Panamanian	45	40	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	485	475	0	0	10	0
Peruvian	265	225	15	20	10	20
Salvadorean	1,670	1,615	0	30	25	15
Uruguayan	35	30	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	185	170	10	0	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	735	695	10	0	35	10
African origins	25,365	21,635	2,295	810	620	2,705
Central and West African origins	8,045	6,115	1,535	330	70	1,695
Akan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	25	25	0	0	0	0
Beninese	50	25	25	0	0	20
Burkinabe	15	0	15	0	0	15
Cameroonian	140	40	100	0	0	105
Chadian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congolese	1,550	365	860	270	50	995
Edo	130	125	0	0	0	0
Ewe	15	0	10	10	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	15	0	0	15
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	355	300	35	10	0	45
Guinean	65	15	45	10	0	50
Ibo	415	420	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	125	10	110	0	0	110
Liberian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Malian	140	0	140	0	0	145
Malinké	35	35	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	3,450	3,405	15	20	10	25
Peulh	25	0	20	0	0	25
Senegalese	115	15	90	0	0	95
Sierra Leonean	315	310	0	0	0	0
Togolese	110	35	75	0	0	75
Wolof	25	10	15	10	0	20
Yoruba	995	985	0	10	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	495	380	90	20	10	100
North African origins	3,235	2,595	275	275	90	410
Algerian	95	35	25	35	0	45
Berber	135	20	65	45	0	85
Coptic	75	70	0	0	0	0
Dinka	30	30	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,160	1,055	30	45	35	50
Libyan	305	295	0	0	0	0
Maure	70	15	50	0	0	55
Moroccan	300	80	100	115	0	160
Sudanese	1,030	990	0	10	35	0
Tunisian	85	30	20	30	0	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	65	65	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	9,195	8,320	280	160	430	360
Afrikaner	30	30	10	0	0	0
Amhara	110	100	0	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	150	85	30	25	10	45
Burundian	215	80	105	20	15	115
Djiboutian	40	25	15	0	0	15
Eritrean	2,180	1,995	0	0	180	0
Ethiopian	2,525	2,445	25	0	55	25
Harari	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	285	285	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	105	70	30	10	0	35
Oromo	320	315	0	0	10	0
Rwandan	295	165	70	50	10	95
Seychellois	30	25	0	10	0	0
Somali	1,715	1,555	15	10	125	25
South African	380	370	0	0	0	10
Tanzanian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	315	300	0	0	20	0
Ugandan	175	170	0	0	0	0
Zambian	195	190	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	260	250	15	0	0	15
Zulu	30	25	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	420	360	25	15	25	30
Other African origins	5,505	5,060	285	105	50	340
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	650	640	0	10	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	4,935	4,495	285	100	45	335
Asian origins	159,815	150,630	395	845	7,945	820
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,715	8,465	115	225	910	225
Afghan	1,005	920	20	10	55	25
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,535	1,135	50	85	260	95
Armenian	345	325	0	0	10	10
Assyrian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	60	55	0	0	0	0
Georgian	105	105	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,570	1,435	0	40	90	20
Iraqi	910	870	0	0	45	0
Israeli	715	710	10	10	0	10
Jordanian	210	190	0	10	0	10
Kazakh	50	40	0	0	10	0
Kurd	300	275	0	10	20	10
Kuwaiti	40	45	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	35	25	0	0	15	0
Lebanese	980	930	10	35	0	30
Palestinian	545	485	15	20	25	25
Pashtun	50	40	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	120	115	0	0	10	0
Syrian	900	500	0	10	390	0
Tajik	45	45	0	0	0	0
Tatar	145	140	0	0	10	0
Turk	535	515	0	0	20	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	55	0	0	10	0
Yemeni	100	100	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	225	190	0	0	35	0
South Asian origins	38,340	35,520	95	220	2,500	205
Bangladeshi	855	805	0	15	40	0
Bengali	195	180	0	0	15	0
Bhutanese	145	130	0	0	10	0
East Indian	30,365	28,060	85	170	2,050	170
Goan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	150	145	0	0	10	0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	10	0	0
Nepali	495	445	0	0	45	0
Pakistani	2,960	2,830	0	10	120	10
Punjabi	3,495	3,085	10	15	385	15
Sinhalese	255	250	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	1,020	980	0	15	25	10
Tamil	240	225	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	665	625	0	0	35	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,200	107,070	190	400	4,545	390
Burmese	245	210	0	0	30	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	445	10	0	45	10
Chinese	26,475	23,505	65	130	2,775	130
Filipino	76,730	75,915	35	175	610	120
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	420	415	0	0	0	0
Japanese	2,235	2,165	25	15	30	30
Karen	450	360	0	0	90	0
Korean	3,915	3,460	10	50	395	40
Laotian	1,555	1,455	0	10	80	15
Malaysian	430	420	0	0	10	0
Mongolian	125	120	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	115	105	0	0	10	0
Thai	610	575	10	0	20	15
Tibetan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5,485	4,825	30	30	595	45
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	150	130	0	0	15	10
Other Asian origins	435	415	0	0	15	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	430	415	0	0	15	10
Oceania origins	955	960	0	0	0	0
Australian	630	630	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	180	180	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	200	195	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	50	55	0	0	0	0
Maori	55	55	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	50	55	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	40	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	571,575	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
No certificate, diploma or degree	96,905	88,735	3,295	355	4,515	3,475
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	170,845	163,575	4,785	440	2,045	5,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	303,830	289,800	11,265	1,215	1,550	11,870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,375	35,255	1,665	115	340	1,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	19,370	18,235	860	65	210	890
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	18,010	17,025	805	50	130	830
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	101,640	97,275	3,615	265	485	3,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,780	14,810	750	55	160	780
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,035	142,460	5,225	780	565	5,620
Bachelor's degree	105,075	100,915	3,410	405	345	3,615
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,400	10,715	525	70	90	560
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,670	4,460	130	55	25	160
Master's degree	23,115	21,895	950	180	95	1,035
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	4,770	4,475	210	75	10	250
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	571,575	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	267,750	252,315	8,080	795	6,560	8,475
Education	25,365	23,635	1,535	90	105	1,580
13. Education	25,365	23,630	1,535	90	105	1,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,830	9,485	285	30	35	295
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,660	1,605	45	0	10	45
50. Visual and performing arts	8,170	7,880	240	30	25	250
Humanities	16,020	15,140	660	90	120	710
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,495	1,280	145	30	40	155
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	3,090	65	15	10	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,020	4,830	130	15	45	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	50	50	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	1,050	35	10	0	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,070	2,020	40	0	10	35
54. History	2,550	2,450	90	0	10	90
55. French language and literature/letters	565	370	160	30	0	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,095	32,560	1,170	235	125	1,290
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	580	15	10	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,500	2,375	100	10	15	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,555	6,260	200	45	55	230
22. Legal professions and studies	5,155	4,945	150	45	15	170
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	720	705	10	0	0	15
42. Psychology	6,260	5,980	265	15	0	270
45. Social sciences	12,295	11,710	425	110	45	485
Business, management and public administration	63,950	60,970	2,500	205	285	2,605
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	205	0	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,620	4,455	150	10	0	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,120	56,305	2,345	195	275	2,445
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,240	11,690	435	85	30	475
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,210	4,990	180	40	10	200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,230	3,070	145	15	0	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	365	350	10	0	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,830	2,720	65	30	10	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	600	560	30	0	10	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,685	14,040	515	90	45	555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,190	11,690	385	75	45	420
25. Library science	815	740	65	10	0	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	1,505	60	0	0	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	100	105	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,695	52,410	1,650	170	470	1,735
04. Architecture and related services	2,035	1,945	60	10	20	70
14. Engineering	13,075	12,650	195	75	160	235
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,960	10,600	280	30	55	295
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,190	9,630	440	30	80	455
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,705	12,130	475	20	75	485
48. Precision production	5,740	5,460	195	0	80	195
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,100	4,900	150	35	15	165
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,425	3,295	80	35	15	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,605	65	0	0	70
Health and related fields	52,630	50,505	1,770	170	185	1,855
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,645	2,530	100	0	10	105
51. Health professions and related programs	48,470	46,500	1,650	145	170	1,720
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,515	1,475	20	20	0	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,185	14,430	600	20	140	605
12. Personal and culinary services	9,560	9,070	365	0	120	370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	0	0	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120	110	10	10	0	15
43. Security and protective services	2,375	2,290	80	0	0	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,080	2,920	130	10	15	135
Other	30	25	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	571,575	542,110	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	267,750	252,315	8,080	795	6,560	8,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	303,830	289,800	11,265	1,215	1,550	11,870
Location of study inside Canada	239,215	228,045	10,340	680	145	10,680
Same as province or territory of residence	210,320	201,050	8,525	600	145	8,825
Different than province or territory of residence	28,895	26,995	1,810	80	10	1,850
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	64,615	61,755	925	535	1,400	1,195
United States^Footnote 130	5,985	5,815	145	30	0	160
Philippines	23,730	23,685	0	10	35	0
India	8,920	8,710	10	0	195	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	2,680	2,635	25	20	0	35
China^Footnote 132	2,515	2,010	0	10	500	0
France	315	40	265	10	0	265
Other	20,470	18,865	485	460	670	710
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,005	8,110	not applicable ...
In the labour force	383,300	367,225	11,925	1,350	2,800	not applicable ...
Employed	358,310	343,305	11,405	1,170	2,425	not applicable ...
Unemployed	24,990	23,920	520	175	375	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	188,275	174,885	7,420	665	5,310	not applicable ...
Participation rate	67.1	67.7	61.6	67.3	34.5	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.7	63.3	59.0	58.4	29.9	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	4.4	13.0	13.4	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	571,580	542,115	19,345	2,010	8,110	20,350
Did not work^Footnote 135	177,105	164,315	6,770	710	5,310	7,120
Worked	394,475	377,800	12,575	1,300	2,795	13,225
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	203,695	195,205	6,735	495	1,265	6,985
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	190,780	182,600	5,840	810	1,540	6,240
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.1	43.0	38.2	41.8	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	407,350	389,925	13,025	1,405	2,990	13,730
a.Management	37,005	35,565	1,185	80	175	1,225
00 Senior management occupations	3,830	3,690	120	15	10	125
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	13,430	12,755	620	40	15	640
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,110	12,730	245	25	105	260
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,625	6,385	195	0	45	200
b.Professional	75,155	71,375	3,315	365	100	3,495
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	13,185	12,590	540	45	15	565
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,245	12,750	405	65	30	435
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,365	8,065	295	10	0	300
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	6,960	6,705	210	25	15	220
40 Professional occupations in education services	17,230	15,915	1,155	160	10	1,235
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	11,500	11,025	420	35	25	440
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,655	4,330	290	30	15	305
c.Technical and paraprofessional	41,100	39,375	1,550	150	30	1,620
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,430	11,990	380	50	15	405
32 Technical occupations in health	7,370	7,090	260	20	0	270
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,775	10,415	310	40	10	335
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,960	2,730	225	0	0	225
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,565	7,150	365	35	10	390
d.Administration and administrative support	53,985	51,675	2,150	95	70	2,200
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	19,750	18,780	925	40	10	945
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,075	3,875	170	10	20	175
14 Office support occupations	21,630	20,735	850	30	15	865
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,530	8,290	205	15	25	210
e.Sales	39,040	38,040	775	135	90	845
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	8,485	8,245	215	20	10	225
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	18,160	17,665	395	60	35	425
66 Sales support occupations	12,395	12,125	165	60	45	190
f.Personal and customer information services	85,000	80,925	2,315	380	1,375	2,505
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	11,230	10,835	305	75	15	345
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,605	12,085	390	40	90	415
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	13,735	12,810	300	40	590	325
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	22,995	21,960	755	125	155	815
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	24,430	23,240	560	100	530	610
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	27,970	26,760	835	70	305	875
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	17,955	17,115	565	55	225	590
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,015	9,645	275	15	75	280
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	25,475	24,640	555	60	225	580
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	5,975	5,900	60	10	20	60
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	14,495	13,935	375	30	155	385
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,995	4,800	120	25	50	135
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,245	3,995	135	15	95	145
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	710	690	15	0	10	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	975	885	50	0	35	55
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,555	2,415	75	15	55	80
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,375	17,585	215	50	525	240
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,245	2,195	40	0	0	40
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,140	5,805	60	25	250	70
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,515	5,330	65	10	110	70
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,485	4,255	50	10	165	55
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	407,350	389,925	13,025	1,405	2,990	13,730
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,805	2,575	105	10	115	110
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,465	2,270	95	10	100	95
113 Forestry and logging	55	50	10	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	45	40	0	0	10	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	235	220	0	0	15	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	690	20	0	0	20
211 Oil and gas extraction	165	160	10	0	0	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	255	250	0	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	290	275	15	0	0	10
22 Utilities	3,890	3,760	110	15	0	120
221 Utilities	3,890	3,765	110	15	0	120
23 Construction	25,415	24,300	840	85	185	885
236 Construction of buildings	7,110	6,795	255	30	30	265
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	3,005	2,825	135	10	30	135
238 Specialty trade contractors	15,300	14,675	455	50	125	480
31-33 Manufacturing	34,555	33,265	560	85	650	605
311 Food manufacturing	4,535	4,310	60	25	140	70
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	510	490	10	0	0	15
313 Textile mills	70	55	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	180	165	0	0	15	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,305	1,215	15	0	75	15
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	155	135	10	0	10	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	690	665	0	0	20	10
322 Paper manufacturing	630	620	10	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	2,315	2,265	45	0	10	45
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	85	80	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,315	1,280	30	0	0	35
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	2,590	2,510	40	0	40	40
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	775	750	10	0	10	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,175	1,115	10	0	55	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,505	2,445	30	10	30	30
333 Machinery manufacturing	3,435	3,325	50	0	50	55
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	685	670	10	10	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	800	785	0	0	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,015	5,850	125	25	25	135
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	3,080	2,920	50	10	110	55
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,705	1,610	55	0	40	55
41 Wholesale trade	14,260	13,710	380	50	115	410
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	740	720	20	10	0	20
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	110	110	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,385	2,275	50	10	55	55
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,770	1,700	40	10	20	50
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,205	1,170	25	0	10	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,300	2,200	90	10	0	90
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,430	3,330	70	10	20	75
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,710	1,630	60	10	10	60
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	610	570	35	0	0	30
44-45 Retail trade	45,440	44,370	770	130	175	835
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,040	4,890	145	0	0	145
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,080	2,050	20	10	10	20
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,750	1,700	30	10	15	40
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,205	3,100	85	15	0	95
445 Food and beverage stores	10,240	9,895	195	45	100	215
446 Health and personal care stores	4,280	4,175	65	25	10	80
447 Gasoline stations	1,695	1,665	15	10	10	20
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,140	5,065	45	15	20	50
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,330	2,275	50	0	0	55
452 General merchandise stores	5,875	5,810	55	0	0	60
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,660	2,625	30	10	0	35
454 Non-store retailers	1,140	1,115	25	0	0	25
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	22,715	21,880	650	30	155	670
481 Air transportation	1,950	1,845	100	10	0	100
482 Rail transportation	2,620	2,505	110	0	0	115
483 Water transportation	15	15	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	7,680	7,400	155	0	120	155
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,755	2,660	80	0	15	80
486 Pipeline transportation	40	35	10	0	0	10
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,730	2,645	60	10	10	65
491 Postal service	1,605	1,500	95	0	0	95
492 Couriers and messengers	2,135	2,095	35	0	0	35
493 Warehousing and storage	1,185	1,165	20	0	0	20
51 Information and cultural industries	8,665	8,245	375	25	15	390
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,300	1,260	30	0	0	30
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,475	1,405	75	0	0	70
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	810	705	95	0	0	95
517 Telecommunications	3,870	3,735	110	15	10	115
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	145	145	10	0	0	0
519 Other information services	1,065	995	65	0	0	65
52 Finance and insurance	19,005	18,135	780	80	10	820
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	10	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,700	5,470	195	35	0	215
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,815	2,690	115	0	10	115
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,360	9,860	455	40	0	480
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	115	10	0	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,105	5,905	160	10	30	170
531 Real estate	5,210	5,040	145	10	15	155
532 Rental and leasing services	880	860	15	0	10	20
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,275	21,525	630	90	30	680
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,275	21,525	630	95	30	675
55 Management of companies and enterprises	560	535	25	0	0	25
551 Management of companies and enterprises	560	540	20	0	0	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,890	16,100	465	105	215	515
561 Administrative and support services	16,365	15,585	455	105	220	510
562 Waste management and remediation services	525	520	10	0	0	0
61 Educational services	34,855	32,480	2,110	225	40	2,225
611 Educational services	34,855	32,480	2,110	220	40	2,225
62 Health care and social assistance	59,495	57,335	1,820	230	105	1,940
621 Ambulatory health care services	15,385	14,880	465	30	10	480
622 Hospitals	19,525	18,905	550	55	15	575
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	11,340	10,825	405	70	45	435
624 Social assistance	13,235	12,725	410	70	35	445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,800	9,350	370	50	35	395
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,115	2,915	170	15	15	170
712 Heritage institutions	825	735	75	15	0	80
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	5,860	5,700	125	20	15	135
72 Accommodation and food services	31,835	30,400	520	95	810	570
721 Accommodation services	5,100	4,910	105	15	70	115
722 Food services and drinking places	26,730	25,495	410	80	740	455
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,165	17,325	525	30	285	540
811 Repair and maintenance	4,860	4,695	70	10	90	70
812 Personal and laundry services	5,815	5,525	165	0	125	165
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,385	6,060	255	20	50	265
814 Private households	1,110	1,045	35	0	25	40
91 Public administration	29,910	28,025	1,790	65	25	1,825
911 Federal government public administration	11,690	10,640	1,015	30	10	1,030
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,560	9,990	535	25	10	550
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,370	7,120	235	10	10	240
914 Aboriginal public administration	255	250	10	0	0	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	30	30	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	358,310	343,300	11,405	1,175	2,425	11,990
Worked at home	14,815	14,045	635	45	90	655
Worked outside Canada	1,265	1,175	25	10	60	30
No fixed workplace address	34,920	33,510	1,035	125	250	1,095
Worked at usual place	307,305	294,575	9,715	990	2,025	10,210
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	407,350	389,925	13,025	1,405	2,995	13,730
English	393,875	381,850	9,600	1,035	1,380	10,120
French	3,985	1,285	2,605	95	0	2,650
Non-official language	3,905	2,560	25	35	1,285	40
Aboriginal	75	70	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,825	2,490	20	35	1,285	40
English and French	1,670	660	780	225	10	895
English and non-official language	3,875	3,535	10	10	320	15
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	407,350	389,925	13,025	1,405	2,990	13,725
None	381,060	370,215	7,405	1,070	2,375	7,935
English	4,515	2,455	1,750	65	240	1,785
French	8,565	4,640	3,775	150	0	3,850
Non-official language	12,930	12,395	60	95	375	110
Aboriginal	375	370	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	12,030	60	90	375	105
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	40	20	20	0	0	20
French and non-official language	230	185	20	30	0	30
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	307,305	294,580	9,710	985	2,025	10,205
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,440	277,475	9,115	965	1,890	9,595
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,640	1,610	30	0	0	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,020	14,350	530	10	130	535
Commute to a different province or territory	1,200	1,150	35	15	0	45
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	342,225	328,090	10,745	1,115	2,275	11,300
Car, truck, van - as a driver	239,575	230,330	7,410	585	1,250	7,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,185	24,055	605	40	490	625
Public transit	51,050	48,820	1,515	335	385	1,680
Walked	16,675	15,705	750	100	125	795
Bicycle	6,205	5,855	310	30	10	325
Other method	3,540	3,325	160	25	25	175
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	342,225	328,090	10,745	1,115	2,275	11,300
Less than 15 minutes	77,510	74,145	2,695	200	470	2,795
15 to 29 minutes	149,170	143,110	4,755	435	865	4,975
30 to 44 minutes	80,890	77,420	2,455	320	695	2,620
45 to 59 minutes	20,950	20,255	495	80	115	535
60 minutes and over	13,710	13,160	345	70	130	380
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	342,225	328,090	10,745	1,115	2,275	11,305
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,680	14,075	370	60	175	405
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,410	57,040	1,755	160	455	1,835
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,150	96,775	3,845	265	265	3,980
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,270	67,235	2,475	290	270	2,620
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,655	33,055	965	105	525	1,025
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,055	59,900	1,325	240	590	1,445
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	682,370	647,910	21,555	2,805	10,105	22,955
Non-movers	582,070	553,515	18,985	2,190	7,380	20,080
Movers	100,300	94,390	2,570	610	2,725	2,875
Non-migrants	75,425	72,240	1,795	395	995	1,995
Migrants	24,880	22,155	770	220	1,735	885
Internal migrants	12,850	12,110	500	85	150	545
Intraprovincial migrants	6,695	6,505	135	0	55	140
Interprovincial migrants	6,155	5,605	370	80	100	410
External migrants	12,030	10,045	270	135	1,580	335
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	650,970	618,765	20,945	2,675	8,585	22,280
Non-movers	380,255	361,945	13,455	1,180	3,680	14,045
Movers	270,710	256,820	7,495	1,495	4,905	8,240
Non-migrants	183,365	175,740	5,065	815	1,740	5,475
Migrants	87,345	81,075	2,425	685	3,165	2,765
Internal migrants	34,475	32,735	1,395	130	215	1,460
Intraprovincial migrants	18,190	17,605	510	10	65	515
Interprovincial migrants	16,285	15,135	885	115	155	945
External migrants	52,870	48,340	1,030	555	2,945	1,305

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Winnipeg, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.