Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 11

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	296,705	288,860	3,490	945	3,420	3,960
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	296,705	288,860	3,490	945	3,420	3,960
0 to 14 years	56,695	54,885	310	375	1,120	500
0 to 4 years	19,950	19,020	105	40	780	130
5 to 9 years	19,105	18,575	120	180	230	210
10 to 14 years	17,645	17,290	90	150	115	165
15 to 64 years	203,355	198,820	2,280	545	1,710	2,550
15 to 19 years	17,765	17,530	85	85	65	125
20 to 24 years	22,175	21,965	130	55	25	155
25 to 29 years	25,060	24,685	230	65	85	260
30 to 34 years	24,250	23,690	275	80	210	315
35 to 39 years	21,255	20,770	235	65	185	265
40 to 44 years	18,860	18,315	190	70	285	225
45 to 49 years	17,880	17,295	245	40	300	260
50 to 54 years	19,985	19,445	265	40	235	285
55 to 59 years	19,275	18,805	310	30	120	325
60 to 64 years	16,855	16,315	315	25	195	330
65 years and over	36,655	35,155	895	25	585	910
65 to 69 years	12,670	12,185	315	10	170	315
70 to 74 years	8,370	8,065	170	0	135	175
75 to 79 years	6,695	6,460	170	0	70	170
80 to 84 years	4,730	4,470	160	10	95	165
85 years and over	4,190	3,990	80	10	115	85
85 to 89 years	2,815	2,680	55	10	75	60
90 to 94 years	1,110	1,070	20	0	20	15
95 to 99 years	240	215	10	0	15	15
100 years and over	25	20	0	0	10	0
Average age	37.4	37.3	48.5	26.1	36.6	not applicable ...
Median age	35.5	35.4	50.8	20.9	40.2	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	240,010	233,975	3,175	570	2,295	3,460
Married or living common law	140,680	136,475	2,120	325	1,765	2,280
Married	119,085	115,240	1,825	295	1,725	1,970
Living common law	21,595	21,230	295	35	35	315
Not married and not living common law	99,330	97,495	1,055	240	535	1,175
Never married	70,645	69,680	590	205	165	695
Separated	5,205	5,125	50	10	20	55
Divorced	13,400	13,085	225	15	75	230
Widowed	10,075	9,605	190	0	275	195
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	240,010	233,970	3,175	565	2,295	3,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	230,665	225,045	3,140	515	1,970	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,824	53,080	57,458	45,137	18,172	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,377	40,613	45,509	34,413	15,288	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	230,695	225,070	3,135	515	1,965	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,324	43,511	47,354	37,996	16,952	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,072	36,275	39,753	31,093	15,151	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	214,215	209,510	2,975	490	1,250	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,977	52,152	54,534	44,709	19,463	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,903	39,078	43,411	33,507	14,856	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	150,570	146,455	2,070	350	1,695	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,975	6,958	8,756	4,353	6,751	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,836	3,814	8,132	654	2,283	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	183,765	180,100	2,255	455	960	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,859	49,947	55,919	43,979	21,730	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,643	38,791	45,996	33,347	17,775	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	91.4	91.5	90.1	93.3	68.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	75.2	75.3	69.9	86.1	58.4	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	8.6	8.5	10.0	6.6	32.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	240,010	233,970	3,175	565	2,295	3,460
Without total income	9,345	8,930	40	55	325	65
With total income	230,660	225,040	3,135	515	1,965	3,395
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.2	98.7	91.2	85.6	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	27,650	26,515	260	105	765	315
$10,000 to $19,999	30,625	29,640	395	70	525	430
$20,000 to $29,999	29,515	28,770	370	45	335	395
$30,000 to $39,999	26,535	25,910	365	75	190	400
$40,000 to $49,999	25,010	24,560	320	50	75	350
$50,000 to $59,999	20,580	20,270	245	45	20	270
$60,000 to $69,999	15,705	15,385	275	20	20	285
$70,000 to $79,999	12,210	11,965	215	20	10	225
$80,000 to $89,999	10,150	9,975	170	10	0	175
$90,000 to $99,999	7,630	7,475	135	20	10	145
$100,000 and over	25,055	24,580	390	55	25	415
$100,000 to $149,999	17,020	16,715	240	45	25	260
$150,000 and over	8,035	7,870	150	15	0	155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	240,010	233,970	3,180	565	2,295	3,460
Without after-tax income	9,320	8,900	35	55	325	70
With after-tax income	230,695	225,070	3,135	515	1,970	3,395
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.2	98.6	91.2	85.8	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,475	27,330	265	110	765	320
$10,000 to $19,999	32,130	31,095	430	70	545	460
$20,000 to $29,999	34,430	33,605	405	65	355	435
$30,000 to $39,999	33,600	32,850	480	75	200	520
$40,000 to $49,999	29,380	28,900	365	70	40	400
$50,000 to $59,999	21,290	20,905	330	30	20	345
$60,000 to $69,999	15,800	15,515	265	10	10	270
$70,000 to $79,999	11,340	11,105	200	25	10	210
$80,000 and over	24,245	23,760	400	60	25	425
$80,000 to $89,999	7,370	7,245	95	20	10	105
$90,000 to $99,999	4,910	4,805	85	15	10	90
$100,000 and over	11,960	11,715	220	15	10	230
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	240,010	233,970	3,175	570	2,295	3,460
Without employment income	56,250	53,875	920	115	1,340	980
With employment income	183,760	180,100	2,255	455	955	2,480
Percentage with employment income	76.6	77.0	71.0	79.8	41.6	71.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	20,670	20,190	255	85	145	295
$5,000 to $9,999	13,000	12,765	105	35	100	120
$10,000 to $19,999	21,930	21,320	275	40	295	295
$20,000 to $29,999	19,595	19,220	130	40	205	150
$30,000 to $39,999	19,255	18,825	225	90	110	275
$40,000 to $49,999	17,960	17,655	225	30	55	240
$50,000 to $59,999	15,380	15,190	155	25	10	170
$60,000 to $69,999	11,860	11,670	160	15	10	170
$70,000 to $79,999	9,725	9,520	185	15	10	190
$80,000 and over	34,380	33,735	545	80	25	580
$80,000 to $89,999	8,335	8,165	150	10	0	155
$90,000 to $99,999	6,350	6,250	80	20	0	90
$100,000 and over	19,695	19,315	310	50	15	340
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	240,010	233,970	3,175	570	2,290	3,460
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	87,425	86,040	1,080	115	195	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	58,330	58,320	69,627	41,750	26,724	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	69,241	69,271	75,344	55,582	29,892	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	296,705	288,855	3,490	940	3,415	3,960
English only	275,270	275,265	0	0	0	0
French only	125	0	125	0	0	130
English and French	17,705	13,410	3,360	945	0	3,830
Neither English nor French	3,600	180	0	0	3,420	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	296,705	288,855	3,490	945	3,415	3,965
English	257,990	255,695	2,295	0	0	2,295
French	985	75	910	0	0	910
Non-official language	25,520	21,330	115	660	3,415	445
Aboriginal	350	345	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,170	20,985	115	655	3,415	440
English and French	410	165	105	150	0	175
English and non-official language	11,575	11,560	15	0	0	10
French and non-official language	35	0	35	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language	190	30	20	135	0	90
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	296,705	288,855	3,490	940	3,420	3,960
None	267,220	261,685	1,950	530	3,050	2,215
English	11,720	10,670	565	280	205	710
French	2,885	2,025	835	25	0	850
Non-official language	14,285	13,990	65	70	155	100
Aboriginal	1,280	1,280	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,005	12,710	70	65	160	105
English and French	80	20	35	30	0	50
English and non-official language	330	295	20	10	10	25
French and non-official language	195	175	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	296,705	288,860	3,490	940	3,420	3,960
English	237,515	237,500	15	0	0	20
French	3,750	460	3,295	0	0	3,290
Non-official language	49,870	45,565	95	790	3,420	495
Aboriginal	1,280	1,275	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	48,595	44,290	95	785	3,415	490
English and French	580	460	15	105	0	65
English and non-official language	4,820	4,820	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	10	55	0	0	55
English, French and non-official language	105	35	20	50	0	45
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	296,705	288,860	3,490	940	3,420	3,960
Official languages	293,105	288,675	3,485	940	0	3,960
English	292,975	288,675	3,360	940	0	3,830
French	17,835	13,405	3,485	940	0	3,955
Non-official languages	62,945	58,115	565	850	3,420	990
Aboriginal languages	2,785	2,770	10	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	60,215	55,400	555	840	3,415	975
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	296,705	288,860	3,485	945	3,415	3,965
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	31,350	30,975	340	30	10	355
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	30,750	30,375	335	25	10	350
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	15,720	15,685	30	0	10	30
Métis	14,940	14,605	305	25	10	320
Inuk (Inuit)	85	85	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	405	400	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	200	200	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	265,355	257,880	3,155	915	3,405	3,610
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	296,705	288,855	3,490	940	3,415	3,960
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	14,470	14,435	30	0	0	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	282,235	274,425	3,460	940	3,410	3,935
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	296,705	288,855	3,490	940	3,415	3,960
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	11,165	11,100	40	15	10	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	10,450	10,385	40	15	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	8,315	8,290	15	0	0	15
Métis single ancestry	2,115	2,075	20	15	10	25
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	715	715	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	720	715	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	21,265	20,860	375	25	0	390
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	19,870	19,500	345	20	0	355
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,380	9,290	75	10	0	80
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10,405	10,125	270	10	0	275
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	85	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,395	1,360	25	10	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,350	1,320	25	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	264,280	256,895	3,080	900	3,405	3,525
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	296,705	288,855	3,490	940	3,420	3,960
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	268,330	263,300	3,200	655	1,175	3,525
Canadian citizens only	262,050	257,355	3,105	510	1,080	3,360
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	6,280	5,945	95	145	95	165
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	28,375	25,555	290	290	2,245	435
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	296,705	288,860	3,490	940	3,415	3,965
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	246,475	242,510	2,970	335	660	3,140
Immigrants^Footnote 42	45,585	41,980	450	550	2,600	730
Before 1981	5,895	5,680	60	40	105	85
1981 to 1990	2,305	2,180	20	25	80	25
1991 to 2000	4,235	3,965	65	60	145	95
2001 to 2010	14,350	13,540	120	275	420	260
2001 to 2005	4,030	3,765	40	100	125	95
2006 to 2010	10,325	9,765	80	180	295	170
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	18,800	16,610	185	155	1,850	265
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	4,645	4,370	65	50	155	95
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	45,590	41,980	450	555	2,600	725
Under 5 years	4,630	4,255	65	110	200	125
5 to 14 years	8,660	8,185	80	115	280	135
15 to 24 years	7,490	7,125	80	115	175	135
25 to 44 years	20,995	19,620	190	190	995	285
45 years and over	3,815	2,800	40	25	950	55
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	45,585	41,975	450	555	2,605	730
Americas	3,705	3,540	30	45	85	55
Brazil	95	95	0	0	0	0
Colombia	315	275	15	20	0	25
El Salvador	360	315	0	10	35	0
Guyana	50	50	0	0	0	0
Haiti	25	20	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	265	265	0	0	0	0
Mexico	290	260	0	10	25	0
Peru	90	80	0	15	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	55	60	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	1,395	1,370	15	0	10	15
Other places of birth in Americas	765	745	0	0	20	0
Europe	8,875	8,550	90	115	120	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	200	0	0	10	0
Croatia	145	140	0	10	0	0
France	60	10	50	0	0	50
Germany	890	855	0	20	0	15
Greece	190	190	0	0	0	0
Hungary	135	135	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	365	365	0	0	0	0
Italy	210	205	0	10	10	0
Netherlands	370	365	0	10	0	0
Poland	595	585	0	0	10	0
Portugal	160	140	0	10	0	0
Romania	395	380	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	295	270	10	0	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	230	225	0	10	10	0
Ukraine	1,250	1,180	0	20	50	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,550	2,550	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	815	760	25	25	0	40
Africa	3,850	3,335	270	150	95	345
Algeria	15	0	10	10	0	0
Egypt	190	155	15	10	10	20
Ethiopia	275	275	0	0	0	0
Kenya	195	195	0	0	0	0
Morocco	100	25	20	45	0	45
Nigeria	595	595	0	0	0	0
Somalia	140	135	0	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	535	530	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,805	1,425	230	80	75	265
Asia	28,865	26,260	55	240	2,310	175
Afghanistan	195	185	0	0	10	0
Bangladesh	1,565	1,475	0	35	60	15
China^Footnote 51	3,825	2,920	10	30	860	25
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	355	320	0	0	30	0
India	3,520	3,335	0	15	175	10
Iran^Footnote 53	545	490	0	15	45	10
Iraq	945	780	10	15	145	15
Japan	130	130	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	355	315	0	0	35	10
Lebanon	80	40	20	10	0	30
Pakistan	3,720	3,540	10	35	140	25
Philippines	9,625	9,565	0	35	30	20
Sri Lanka	290	290	0	10	0	10
Syria^Footnote 55	620	195	0	10	425	0
Taiwan	90	80	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	1,300	1,075	10	10	210	10
Other places of birth in Asia	1,685	1,535	0	20	125	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	290	290	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	18,800	16,615	185	155	1,850	265
Americas	900	845	0	0	55	0
Brazil	30	30	0	0	0	0
Colombia	50	45	0	0	0	0
Cuba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	185	185	0	0	0	0
Mexico	160	145	0	0	15	0
United States^Footnote 58	190	185	0	0	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	245	215	0	0	30	0
Europe	1,845	1,755	20	20	50	35
France	20	0	20	0	0	20
Germany	50	40	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	235	235	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	60	55	0	0	0	0
Romania	75	70	0	0	10	0
Russian Federation	75	65	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	460	425	0	0	30	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	285	280	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	585	575	0	10	10	0
Africa	1,575	1,275	140	75	85	170
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	55	35	25	0	0	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	20	25	0	0	25
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	70	50	0	0	10	10
Eritrea	155	125	0	0	35	0
Ethiopia	90	90	0	0	0	0
Morocco	55	15	15	25	0	25
Nigeria	415	415	0	0	0	0
Somalia	55	45	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	165	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	435	310	65	30	30	80
Asia	14,415	12,655	25	65	1,665	60
Afghanistan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	910	855	0	10	45	0
China^Footnote 63	1,855	1,200	10	10	645	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	35	15	0	0	15	0
India	1,955	1,855	0	0	100	0
Iran^Footnote 65	245	185	0	15	40	10
Iraq	280	220	0	0	50	10
Israel	15	15	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	175	145	0	10	25	0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0	0	10
Nepal	95	80	0	0	15	0
Pakistan	1,960	1,860	0	10	85	10
Philippines	5,160	5,130	0	15	15	10
Saudi Arabia	60	65	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	110	110	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	590	160	0	0	425	0
Taiwan	35	25	0	0	0	0
Turkey	30	35	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	20	20	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	490	360	0	0	135	0
Other places of birth in Asia	365	295	0	0	70	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	75	75	0	0	0	0
Australia	35	30	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	45	40	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	296,705	288,860	3,490	945	3,415	3,965
First generation^Footnote 71	51,335	47,410	525	615	2,785	830
Second generation^Footnote 72	39,310	38,100	345	260	605	475
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	206,065	203,345	2,620	70	30	2,655
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	40,110	36,685	395	520	2,510	660
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	27,295	25,700	195	315	1,085	350
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	10,585	9,995	80	115	400	135
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	16,705	15,700	110	205	685	215
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	6,575	5,890	55	85	545	100
Refugees^Footnote 79	6,040	4,930	140	105	870	190
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	200	175	10	10	10	20
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	296,705	288,855	3,490	945	3,415	3,965
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	49,610	45,400	455	650	3,100	780
South Asian^Footnote 83	13,705	12,760	30	180	735	120
Chinese	7,860	6,685	10	90	1,080	55
Black	5,645	5,215	275	60	90	305
Filipino	11,495	11,395	0	50	50	25
Latin American	2,060	1,865	30	65	100	65
Arab	2,350	1,615	60	100	580	115
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	2,315	2,025	10	30	255	25
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,180	1,060	15	20	85	25
Korean	605	550	0	10	35	10
Japanese	420	395	0	10	15	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	490	435	10	25	20	25
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,490	1,405	10	15	60	20
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	247,090	243,455	3,035	290	315	3,175
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	296,705	288,855	3,490	945	3,420	3,960
North American Aboriginal origins	32,425	31,960	410	40	10	430
First Nations (North American Indian)	19,805	19,660	120	25	10	130
Inuit	145	140	10	0	0	0
Métis	14,615	14,260	315	30	0	325
Other North American origins	59,125	57,770	1,235	65	45	1,270
Acadian	210	160	55	0	0	60
American	4,000	3,955	45	0	0	45
Canadian	56,280	55,025	1,140	65	50	1,170
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	25	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	75	40	35	0	0	35
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	20	20	0	0	0	0
European origins	215,005	211,745	2,675	290	290	2,820
British Isles origins	118,755	118,255	465	25	15	475
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	20	0	0	0	0
English	69,425	69,235	155	25	10	165
Irish	44,760	44,530	225	10	0	225
Manx	45	50	0	0	0	0
Scottish	53,805	53,665	125	10	10	125
Welsh	5,705	5,685	20	0	10	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	5,035	5,015	20	0	0	20
French origins	34,770	32,210	2,480	75	0	2,515
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	15	10	10	0	0	0
French	34,765	32,210	2,475	80	10	2,515
Western European origins (except French origins)	95,680	95,210	365	75	30	405
Austrian	3,995	3,985	0	0	10	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	2,605	2,425	175	10	0	180
Dutch	11,840	11,740	70	20	10	80
Flemish	265	270	0	0	0	0
Frisian	25	25	0	0	0	0
German	84,280	84,090	130	50	10	160
Luxembourger	125	125	0	0	0	0
Swiss	1,370	1,350	15	10	0	15
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	32,490	32,425	40	20	10	50
Danish	2,780	2,765	10	15	0	10
Finnish	1,925	1,920	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	2,480	2,465	15	0	0	10
Norwegian	19,635	19,610	20	0	0	25
Swedish	9,075	9,075	0	0	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,010	1,010	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	75,770	75,320	155	100	195	205
Bulgarian	135	135	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	100	90	0	10	0	0
Czech	1,390	1,395	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	855	850	10	0	0	0
Estonian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	6,600	6,565	30	10	10	30
Latvian	195	190	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	380	380	10	0	0	10
Moldovan	235	195	10	15	20	15
Polish	17,975	17,875	35	35	25	55
Romanian	2,720	2,685	10	15	15	15
Russian	13,615	13,505	40	35	45	55
Slovak	480	475	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	47,660	47,430	40	35	155	55
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	90	90	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	10,315	9,995	165	85	70	205
Albanian	160	155	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	230	230	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	1,315	1,280	20	10	10	20
Cypriot	20	15	0	0	0	0
Greek	830	820	0	0	0	10
Italian	4,055	3,965	85	0	10	90
Kosovar	20	20	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	45	0	10	10	0
Maltese	65	70	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	30	30	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	965	945	0	10	10	10
Serbian	415	395	0	20	0	10
Sicilian	55	55	0	0	0	10
Slovenian	245	245	0	0	0	0
Spanish	2,125	2,010	55	25	35	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	295	295	0	0	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,240	1,220	10	10	10	10
Basque	20	15	0	0	0	0
Jewish	545	530	0	10	10	10
Roma (Gypsy)	50	50	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	55	55	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	565	560	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,515	1,485	25	10	0	30
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	40	30	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cuban	90	90	0	0	0	0
Dominican	45	45	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	60	50	10	0	0	10
Jamaican	850	845	10	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	25	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	185	185	0	10	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	115	115	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	80	80	0	0	0	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,690	2,480	35	85	95	80
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	140	125	10	0	10	10
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	70	60	0	0	10	0
Belizean	30	25	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	150	150	0	0	0	0
Chilean	320	295	15	0	10	15
Colombian	390	330	20	30	15	30
Costa Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	80	75	0	10	0	0
Guatemalan	90	85	0	0	10	0
Guyanese	85	85	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	45	50	0	0	0	0
Honduran	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maya	40	40	0	0	0	0
Mexican	600	560	0	0	30	0
Nicaraguan	55	55	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	200	180	0	15	10	10
Salvadorean	360	330	0	15	15	10
Uruguayan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	115	105	0	10	0	10
African origins	6,070	5,505	310	120	130	375
Central and West African origins	1,565	1,390	150	20	0	160
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	145	65	65	15	0	70
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	120	75	50	0	0	50
Edo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	270	255	0	0	10	0
Guinean	30	25	0	0	0	10
Ibo	230	235	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Malian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	475	470	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	20	20	0	0	0	0
Togolese	45	45	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	155	160	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	60	45	10	0	0	15
North African origins	1,010	855	45	70	40	80
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	20	0	0	10	0	0
Coptic	35	35	0	10	0	0
Dinka	25	20	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	220	200	10	10	0	15
Libyan	60	55	0	0	10	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	125	60	15	45	0	35
Sudanese	490	450	0	0	35	10
Tunisian	30	15	15	10	0	15
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	35	30	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	2,480	2,290	70	30	85	85
Afrikaner	15	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	10	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	110	40	55	10	0	60
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	635	565	0	0	70	0
Ethiopian	330	335	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	50	45	0	10	0	0
Oromo	100	90	0	0	10	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	350	340	0	0	0	0
South African	410	400	0	0	0	10
Tanzanian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	110	115	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	100	95	10	0	0	10
Zulu	20	15	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	245	250	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	1,210	1,130	70	10	0	75
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	95	95	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,130	1,045	70	10	0	80
Asian origins	43,190	39,610	185	495	2,900	430
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	5,140	4,235	100	95	710	145
Afghan	325	295	10	0	15	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	595	510	0	20	55	20
Armenian	125	115	10	0	10	10
Assyrian	170	165	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	35	35	0	0	0	0
Georgian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Hazara	10	0	0	0	10	0
Iranian	910	835	10	20	60	15
Iraqi	1,060	895	10	10	150	10
Israeli	45	50	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kurd	90	75	0	10	15	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	515	420	55	20	25	65
Palestinian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	90	85	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Syrian	615	205	0	0	405	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	25	25	0	0	0	0
Turk	460	420	15	20	0	25
Turkmen	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	30	30	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	30	30	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	115	110	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	13,615	12,640	60	200	715	160
Bangladeshi	1,190	1,110	0	45	35	20
Bengali	335	300	0	10	25	0
Bhutanese	105	75	0	0	25	0
East Indian	7,820	7,295	45	90	390	90
Goan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	65	65	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	50	0	0	0	0
Nepali	205	150	0	0	55	0
Pakistani	3,255	3,050	15	40	145	35
Punjabi	675	635	0	0	45	0
Sinhalese	40	35	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	340	335	0	0	0	0
Tamil	50	40	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	590	540	0	10	35	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	24,415	22,715	30	195	1,470	130
Burmese	170	150	0	0	20	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	110	0	0	0	0
Chinese	9,520	8,285	20	100	1,110	75
Filipino	12,175	12,050	0	60	60	30
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	95	80	0	15	0	10
Japanese	560	540	0	10	15	0
Karen	125	85	0	0	40	0
Korean	630	585	0	10	40	10
Laotian	260	250	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	85	90	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	90	70	0	0	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	115	105	0	0	10	0
Thai	145	140	0	0	10	0
Tibetan	25	25	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,790	1,575	0	15	195	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	50	55	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	410	380	0	0	25	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	415	380	0	10	25	0
Oceania origins	525	530	0	0	0	0
Australian	300	300	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	130	125	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	110	115	0	0	0	0
Fijian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	35	30	0	0	0	0
Samoan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	240,010	233,975	3,175	570	2,290	3,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	36,010	34,520	350	95	1,055	390
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	70,610	69,215	745	120	530	805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	133,390	130,235	2,085	355	710	2,265
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,415	21,915	355	35	105	375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	8,790	8,545	155	10	75	165
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	13,620	13,370	200	25	30	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	42,670	41,795	605	55	220	630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,145	6,935	95	35	80	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	61,160	59,590	1,030	235	305	1,145
Bachelor's degree	42,370	41,420	620	105	215	675
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,695	2,600	50	20	25	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,210	2,175	20	10	0	25
Master's degree	10,755	10,380	260	60	50	295
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	3,135	3,010	75	40	10	100
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	240,010	233,970	3,175	570	2,295	3,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	106,620	103,735	1,090	210	1,585	1,195
Education	12,140	11,730	310	25	75	325
13. Education	12,145	11,735	310	25	75	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,580	3,540	30	10	10	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	805	800	0	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	2,770	2,735	25	0	0	25
Humanities	6,075	5,825	135	35	75	155
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	420	340	20	15	45	25
23. English language and literature/letters	1,360	1,340	20	0	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,145	1,120	15	0	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	20	15	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	475	450	10	10	0	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,605	1,585	15	0	0	15
54. History	870	845	15	0	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	180	125	45	10	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,470	11,195	170	55	45	200
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	275	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	565	10	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,885	1,825	40	10	10	45
22. Legal professions and studies	2,095	2,050	10	0	25	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	220	210	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	2,305	2,260	35	0	0	40
45. Social sciences	4,110	4,000	65	30	10	80
Business, management and public administration	27,155	26,525	350	70	210	385
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75	75	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,430	2,385	25	15	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	24,655	24,060	330	55	215	355
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,880	5,735	100	35	15	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,425	3,330	60	30	0	80
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	440	435	0	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	35	30	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,590	1,540	40	0	0	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	395	395	0	0	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,255	4,190	45	0	20	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,295	3,270	10	0	15	15
25. Library science	455	445	10	0	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	435	410	15	0	10	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	75	70	10	0	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	26,940	26,275	430	75	165	465
04. Architecture and related services	620	590	10	0	15	15
14. Engineering	5,840	5,605	115	45	75	135
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,360	4,300	50	10	10	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	6,845	6,695	95	25	30	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,195	6,075	100	0	20	100
48. Precision production	3,085	3,010	55	0	15	55
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,065	3,975	70	0	20	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,375	3,295	65	0	20	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	690	680	10	0	0	0
Health and related fields	23,785	23,365	345	35	40	365
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,800	1,765	25	10	0	25
51. Health professions and related programs	21,275	20,900	310	25	30	330
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	710	700	10	0	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,025	7,865	100	20	35	110
12. Personal and culinary services	5,160	5,080	50	10	20	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,385	1,350	30	0	0	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,425	1,385	20	0	10	25
Other	15	15	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	240,010	233,970	3,175	570	2,290	3,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	106,625	103,735	1,090	210	1,585	1,200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	133,390	130,235	2,085	360	710	2,265
Location of study inside Canada	113,070	111,000	1,855	170	50	1,935
Same as province or territory of residence	92,905	91,595	1,195	75	40	1,230
Different than province or territory of residence	20,165	19,400	660	90	10	705
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	20,320	19,240	230	190	660	320
United States^Footnote 130	2,275	2,235	30	10	0	30
Philippines	4,790	4,785	0	0	0	0
India	2,005	1,965	0	0	35	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	1,275	1,265	0	10	0	10
China^Footnote 132	1,580	1,205	10	0	370	10
France	115	20	85	10	0	90
Other	8,285	7,760	105	165	245	190
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	240,010	233,970	3,175	570	2,295	not applicable ...
In the labour force	170,635	167,315	2,090	435	800	not applicable ...
Employed	159,380	156,380	1,945	385	665	not applicable ...
Unemployed	11,255	10,930	140	50	130	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	69,375	66,660	1,090	130	1,495	not applicable ...
Participation rate	71.1	71.5	65.8	76.3	34.9	not applicable ...
Employment rate	66.4	66.8	61.3	67.5	29.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.5	6.7	11.5	16.2	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	240,010	233,975	3,175	570	2,295	3,460
Did not work^Footnote 135	61,215	58,610	995	145	1,470	1,065
Worked	178,795	175,365	2,185	420	820	2,395
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	90,100	88,660	1,105	125	210	1,170
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	88,695	86,705	1,075	295	615	1,225
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.7	42.4	39.2	36.5	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	183,910	180,265	2,260	455	930	2,490
a.Management	19,495	19,070	270	10	145	275
00 Senior management occupations	1,680	1,635	30	0	15	30
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	5,320	5,195	100	10	20	100
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	6,240	6,115	50	0	75	50
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,250	6,125	85	0	35	90
b.Professional	33,395	32,675	590	85	45	635
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,815	4,750	45	0	15	50
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	6,060	5,930	110	10	0	115
30 Professional occupations in nursing	3,925	3,870	45	0	10	45
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,390	3,330	55	10	0	55
40 Professional occupations in education services	8,865	8,570	235	50	10	255
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,855	4,770	70	10	0	75
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,495	1,455	35	10	0	35
c.Technical and paraprofessional	16,620	16,285	220	70	40	255
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,590	5,505	60	15	15	60
32 Technical occupations in health	3,715	3,645	55	20	10	60
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,210	3,115	55	35	0	75
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,190	1,170	15	0	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,915	2,855	40	0	20	40
d.Administration and administrative support	22,005	21,660	255	55	35	280
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	9,015	8,865	105	30	15	120
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,830	1,790	30	0	10	35
14 Office support occupations	7,520	7,405	100	15	10	110
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	3,635	3,600	20	10	10	25
e.Sales	17,535	17,295	140	45	55	165
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,630	3,560	50	10	0	60
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	8,475	8,380	50	25	25	65
66 Sales support occupations	5,430	5,355	40	15	25	45
f.Personal and customer information services	33,960	33,145	320	90	410	365
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	3,595	3,545	40	10	0	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	4,400	4,310	70	10	10	70
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	5,880	5,640	35	20	190	40
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	8,585	8,460	80	20	25	90
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	11,505	11,190	95	30	180	110
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	17,625	17,270	255	45	55	275
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	12,170	11,900	185	40	50	200
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	5,455	5,370	70	0	0	75
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	12,955	12,745	125	25	65	135
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,415	2,395	15	0	0	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	7,360	7,265	55	15	20	65
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,180	3,085	50	10	35	55
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,260	5,175	30	0	45	35
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,685	1,675	0	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	2,005	1,985	15	0	10	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,565	1,515	15	10	35	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,060	4,945	65	10	40	65
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,115	1,105	10	0	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,425	1,385	10	10	25	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	850	830	15	0	0	15
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,665	1,630	20	0	15	25
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	183,910	180,265	2,265	460	925	2,490
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,890	5,800	65	0	30	60
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	5,605	5,510	60	0	30	65
113 Forestry and logging	25	25	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	15	15	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	250	245	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,840	5,725	80	20	15	90
211 Oil and gas extraction	385	385	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	4,400	4,310	70	20	0	80
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	1,055	1,035	15	10	10	15
22 Utilities	980	965	0	10	0	10
221 Utilities	975	965	10	0	0	0
23 Construction	17,590	17,220	245	40	85	265
236 Construction of buildings	5,260	5,130	90	20	25	100
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,005	1,950	25	0	30	25
238 Specialty trade contractors	10,320	10,135	135	15	30	145
31-33 Manufacturing	9,525	9,300	90	35	85	110
311 Food manufacturing	2,430	2,380	20	15	20	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	200	200	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	25	20	0	0	10	0
314 Textile product mills	155	155	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	165	135	0	0	30	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	15	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	260	250	0	10	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	335	320	0	0	15	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	95	90	10	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	445	440	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	345	330	10	0	0	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	390	375	10	0	10	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	135	130	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,210	1,195	0	10	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,125	1,095	15	0	10	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	515	505	0	0	0	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	230	225	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	460	460	0	0	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	535	515	10	10	0	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	440	440	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	7,210	7,100	80	0	25	85
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	355	355	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	300	300	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	850	840	10	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	340	330	0	0	10	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	675	680	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,280	1,265	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,205	2,150	40	0	15	40
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	920	905	20	0	0	20
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	285	285	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	20,815	20,525	150	50	90	175
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,720	2,685	30	0	10	35
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	745	735	0	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	815	785	25	0	0	30
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,690	1,680	10	0	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	4,015	3,935	25	15	35	30
446 Health and personal care stores	2,105	2,100	0	10	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	1,345	1,330	15	0	0	15
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,315	2,285	10	15	0	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	1,030	1,030	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	2,335	2,290	15	10	15	25
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,105	1,075	15	0	10	15
454 Non-store retailers	595	585	10	0	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,600	7,500	70	15	15	80
481 Air transportation	470	460	10	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	540	540	0	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	2,780	2,740	30	10	10	30
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,115	1,100	10	0	0	10
486 Pipeline transportation	20	15	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	745	740	0	0	0	0
491 Postal service	625	605	15	0	10	15
492 Couriers and messengers	885	885	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	405	410	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,260	3,195	40	10	15	45
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	560	555	0	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	275	275	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	425	410	10	0	10	10
517 Telecommunications	1,285	1,255	25	0	0	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	45	35	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	675	670	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	5,385	5,325	60	0	0	55
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,500	2,465	30	0	0	30
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	925	910	10	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,850	1,835	15	0	0	15
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	115	115	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,180	3,120	40	10	0	50
531 Real estate	2,650	2,610	35	10	10	40
532 Rental and leasing services	515	505	0	10	0	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,230	11,030	165	0	40	160
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,230	11,030	165	0	35	165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	905	885	15	10	10	20
551 Management of companies and enterprises	905	880	10	10	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,975	5,835	45	15	80	50
561 Administrative and support services	5,420	5,300	30	15	75	35
562 Waste management and remediation services	550	535	15	0	0	10
61 Educational services	17,795	17,300	380	80	30	420
611 Educational services	17,795	17,300	380	80	35	420
62 Health care and social assistance	23,430	23,045	275	80	35	315
621 Ambulatory health care services	5,855	5,725	100	25	0	110
622 Hospitals	9,830	9,710	105	10	0	110
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	3,460	3,415	25	0	10	35
624 Social assistance	4,290	4,195	45	40	10	65
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,645	3,585	60	0	0	60
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	1,080	1,050	30	0	0	30
712 Heritage institutions	290	285	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,275	2,245	25	0	0	25
72 Accommodation and food services	14,585	14,095	125	45	325	145
721 Accommodation services	2,425	2,345	35	15	35	40
722 Food services and drinking places	12,155	11,750	90	30	295	100
81 Other services (except public administration)	8,930	8,725	130	30	50	140
811 Repair and maintenance	3,025	2,940	40	15	25	50
812 Personal and laundry services	2,455	2,420	25	10	10	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,880	2,815	50	15	10	55
814 Private households	570	550	15	0	10	10
91 Public administration	10,150	9,980	145	15	10	155
911 Federal government public administration	3,110	3,015	95	0	0	95
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,505	2,455	35	0	10	35
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	4,300	4,280	20	10	0	25
914 Aboriginal public administration	220	220	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	159,380	156,380	1,945	385	665	2,140
Worked at home	10,620	10,430	115	15	60	125
Worked outside Canada	325	290	10	0	35	0
No fixed workplace address	20,075	19,635	340	25	75	350
Worked at usual place	128,360	126,025	1,490	345	500	1,660
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	183,910	180,265	2,265	455	930	2,490
English	181,220	178,575	1,890	405	350	2,095
French	555	225	300	30	0	320
Non-official language	1,140	615	10	0	525	0
Aboriginal	20	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,130	595	10	0	525	10
English and French	210	130	55	20	0	65
English and non-official language	785	725	0	10	55	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	183,910	180,265	2,265	455	930	2,490
None	178,665	175,960	1,645	335	730	1,810
English	775	490	215	15	55	220
French	1,190	745	385	55	0	410
Non-official language	3,210	3,015	10	50	135	35
Aboriginal	195	200	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,015	2,825	10	50	130	35
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	70	50	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	128,360	126,030	1,490	340	500	1,660
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	102,625	100,625	1,255	275	470	1,390
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,135	19,895	175	45	25	195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,570	4,490	60	20	0	70
Commute to a different province or territory	1,025	1,015	10	0	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	148,440	145,665	1,830	365	575	2,010
Car, truck, van - as a driver	121,700	119,615	1,520	225	330	1,640
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	8,665	8,430	80	45	105	100
Public transit	6,345	6,165	55	30	95	70
Walked	6,490	6,335	90	30	35	110
Bicycle	2,895	2,835	45	20	0	55
Other method	2,335	2,290	35	10	15	40
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	148,435	145,665	1,830	365	575	2,010
Less than 15 minutes	50,435	49,530	630	90	185	670
15 to 29 minutes	71,965	70,600	885	205	280	985
30 to 44 minutes	16,895	16,595	190	55	60	215
45 to 59 minutes	4,160	4,040	85	0	30	80
60 minutes and over	4,980	4,895	50	20	20	60
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	148,435	145,665	1,830	365	575	2,010
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,610	7,490	100	10	10	100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,465	25,075	300	35	55	320
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	48,980	48,120	660	105	95	710
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	31,005	30,360	470	85	80	520
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	14,115	13,725	135	55	200	160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	21,255	20,885	170	70	130	205
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	292,520	284,885	3,480	935	3,215	3,950
Non-movers	243,115	237,635	2,875	740	1,860	3,250
Movers	49,405	47,250	605	195	1,355	705
Non-migrants	32,110	31,280	345	145	330	420
Migrants	17,300	15,965	255	45	1,025	280
Internal migrants	12,530	12,295	145	25	70	155
Intraprovincial migrants	8,685	8,555	80	10	40	85
Interprovincial migrants	3,845	3,740	60	15	35	65
External migrants	4,770	3,675	120	25	955	125
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	276,760	269,840	3,380	900	2,635	3,835
Non-movers	147,910	145,085	1,820	410	600	2,025
Movers	128,845	124,755	1,565	485	2,040	1,810
Non-migrants	70,385	69,210	710	205	265	810
Migrants	58,460	55,545	855	285	1,775	1,000
Internal migrants	39,935	39,040	660	130	105	725
Intraprovincial migrants	26,060	25,775	250	15	20	260
Interprovincial migrants	13,875	13,265	410	110	85	470
External migrants	18,525	16,505	195	155	1,670	270

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 11

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.