Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Calgary, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,205	28,485	22,760
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,222,400	1,167,560	19,155	7,200	28,485	22,760
0 to 14 years	226,285	217,015	2,145	1,435	5,690	2,860
0 to 4 years	77,655	71,920	680	230	4,830	795
5 to 9 years	79,215	77,250	735	590	640	1,030
10 to 14 years	69,410	67,845	725	620	215	1,040
15 to 64 years	868,240	836,540	14,865	5,365	11,470	17,550
15 to 19 years	68,690	67,110	760	705	115	1,110
20 to 24 years	78,265	76,420	1,150	485	210	1,390
25 to 29 years	99,750	97,260	1,490	490	505	1,735
30 to 34 years	109,010	105,885	1,800	645	680	2,115
35 to 39 years	99,905	96,145	1,870	935	950	2,340
40 to 44 years	93,030	89,365	1,810	715	1,135	2,170
45 to 49 years	87,370	83,950	1,510	555	1,350	1,785
50 to 54 years	86,125	82,265	1,770	420	1,675	1,980
55 to 59 years	81,565	77,765	1,490	240	2,065	1,615
60 to 64 years	64,540	60,370	1,215	175	2,775	1,305
65 years and over	127,880	114,005	2,150	400	11,320	2,350
65 to 69 years	48,635	44,475	825	145	3,195	900
70 to 74 years	30,335	27,195	545	85	2,505	595
75 to 79 years	21,710	19,035	360	85	2,235	400
80 to 84 years	15,295	13,305	250	45	1,690	270
85 years and over	11,905	10,000	155	55	1,690	185
85 to 89 years	8,590	7,320	115	30	1,125	130
90 to 94 years	2,725	2,255	30	20	420	35
95 to 99 years	530	390	15	10	130	15
100 years and over	55	30	10	0	15	10
Average age	37.2	36.8	41.0	33.2	50.9	not applicable ...
Median age	36.4	36.0	41.0	34.0	59.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	996,120	950,545	17,020	5,765	22,795	19,900
Married or living common law	592,590	562,395	10,445	3,625	16,125	12,255
Married	502,635	475,510	8,050	3,350	15,720	9,725
Living common law	89,955	86,885	2,390	280	405	2,525
Not married and not living common law	403,530	388,140	6,575	2,140	6,670	7,645
Never married	289,165	282,020	4,350	1,780	1,010	5,245
Separated	21,770	20,835	450	90	395	495
Divorced	60,700	58,300	1,210	205	985	1,315
Widowed	31,890	26,985	560	70	4,270	595
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	996,120	950,540	17,020	5,765	22,795	19,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	946,230	903,470	16,305	5,275	21,175	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,741	68,960	67,141	50,463	20,482	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,251	44,273	47,666	33,764	17,050	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	946,390	903,620	16,320	5,275	21,175	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,891	54,779	53,579	42,070	19,208	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,475	39,232	41,492	31,656	16,959	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	884,545	850,465	15,410	4,895	13,770	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,494	69,410	66,955	50,954	19,898	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,149	43,847	46,805	33,672	12,850	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	544,115	514,160	9,220	3,240	17,500	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,455	6,365	6,833	5,143	9,126	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,967	2,883	3,853	2,101	7,558	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	770,370	743,425	13,445	4,410	9,080	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,566	65,146	64,395	48,597	25,069	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,619	44,141	47,725	31,544	21,586	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	94.5	94.7	94.2	93.8	63.2	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	77.6	77.7	79.1	80.5	52.5	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	5.5	5.3	5.8	6.3	36.8	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	996,115	950,545	17,015	5,765	22,795	19,895
Without total income	49,890	47,070	710	490	1,620	955
With total income	946,230	903,475	16,305	5,280	21,175	18,945
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.0	95.8	91.6	92.9	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,360	115,960	1,860	1,020	5,515	2,370
$10,000 to $19,999	118,070	107,380	1,875	745	8,070	2,250
$20,000 to $29,999	108,370	102,475	1,765	660	3,465	2,095
$30,000 to $39,999	92,270	88,290	1,565	520	1,890	1,825
$40,000 to $49,999	88,145	85,125	1,440	445	1,135	1,660
$50,000 to $59,999	75,930	73,735	1,365	375	455	1,555
$60,000 to $69,999	62,300	60,565	1,170	350	220	1,345
$70,000 to $79,999	50,450	49,085	995	215	160	1,105
$80,000 to $89,999	40,100	39,115	670	205	110	775
$90,000 to $99,999	33,955	32,985	775	165	30	855
$100,000 and over	152,280	148,750	2,825	580	125	3,115
$100,000 to $149,999	83,810	81,885	1,495	330	95	1,655
$150,000 and over	68,470	66,860	1,330	250	30	1,455
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	996,120	950,540	17,015	5,765	22,795	19,895
Without after-tax income	49,730	46,920	700	490	1,620	940
With after-tax income	946,390	903,620	16,320	5,275	21,175	18,955
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.1	95.9	91.5	92.9	95.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	127,395	118,875	1,925	1,035	5,555	2,440
$10,000 to $19,999	123,320	112,440	1,970	765	8,150	2,350
$20,000 to $29,999	124,875	118,260	2,045	735	3,845	2,410
$30,000 to $39,999	115,450	110,885	1,940	610	2,010	2,250
$40,000 to $49,999	106,560	103,255	1,860	530	915	2,125
$50,000 to $59,999	83,695	81,415	1,540	460	275	1,770
$60,000 to $69,999	63,135	61,380	1,245	295	220	1,390
$70,000 to $79,999	48,105	46,870	930	225	80	1,045
$80,000 and over	153,850	150,245	2,865	620	120	3,170
$80,000 to $89,999	36,590	35,755	635	145	60	705
$90,000 to $99,999	24,760	24,260	370	105	20	425
$100,000 and over	92,500	90,225	1,855	370	50	2,040
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	996,115	950,540	17,015	5,770	22,795	19,895
Without employment income	225,750	207,110	3,570	1,355	13,720	4,245
With employment income	770,365	743,425	13,445	4,415	9,080	15,655
Percentage with employment income	77.3	78.2	79.0	76.5	39.8	78.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,840	77,625	1,360	665	1,190	1,700
$5,000 to $9,999	49,550	47,325	815	355	1,050	995
$10,000 to $19,999	84,440	80,455	1,365	620	2,000	1,675
$20,000 to $29,999	73,525	70,035	1,175	525	1,790	1,435
$30,000 to $39,999	70,930	67,945	1,175	385	1,435	1,365
$40,000 to $49,999	69,065	66,870	1,085	315	795	1,240
$50,000 to $59,999	60,790	58,975	1,085	360	365	1,265
$60,000 to $69,999	49,985	48,650	930	230	175	1,045
$70,000 to $79,999	41,265	40,110	855	185	115	950
$80,000 and over	189,970	185,430	3,590	780	170	3,985
$80,000 to $89,999	34,300	33,495	600	145	55	675
$90,000 to $99,999	29,615	28,810	635	145	20	705
$100,000 and over	126,055	123,125	2,355	485	95	2,595
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	996,120	950,545	17,015	5,770	22,795	19,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	361,435	350,850	6,360	1,615	2,600	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	65,915	66,221	69,870	60,129	31,978	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	89,570	90,094	86,666	75,797	34,599	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,205	28,485	22,760
English only	1,103,065	1,103,065	0	0	0	0
French only	1,205	0	1,200	0	0	1,205
English and French	89,045	63,890	17,950	7,200	0	21,555
Neither English nor French	29,090	600	0	0	28,485	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,155	7,200	28,485	22,760
English	920,595	910,935	9,660	0	0	9,660
French	7,565	300	7,265	0	0	7,265
Non-official language	210,060	175,095	620	5,855	28,485	3,545
Aboriginal	155	145	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	209,905	174,955	620	5,845	28,485	3,545
English and French	2,095	535	895	660	0	1,225
English and non-official language	80,450	80,265	185	0	0	185
French and non-official language	370	55	310	0	0	310
English, French and non-official language	1,280	370	225	685	0	565
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,222,405	1,167,555	19,160	7,200	28,485	22,760
None	1,012,205	972,765	9,980	3,565	25,880	11,770
English	92,160	84,415	3,785	2,635	1,325	5,105
French	11,985	7,800	4,035	140	20	4,100
Non-official language	102,325	99,845	920	315	1,250	1,075
Aboriginal	560	560	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	101,765	99,280	920	315	1,250	1,075
English and French	635	80	50	495	0	300
English and non-official language	1,880	1,620	215	35	10	230
French and non-official language	1,180	1,015	160	0	0	165
English, French and non-official language	40	10	10	15	0	15
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,200	28,485	22,755
English	803,160	803,120	40	0	0	45
French	18,190	1,150	17,035	0	0	17,035
Non-official language	362,845	327,050	1,045	6,265	28,490	4,180
Aboriginal	650	640	0	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	362,190	326,405	1,045	6,255	28,480	4,175
English and French	3,280	2,520	140	615	0	450
English and non-official language	33,105	33,085	15	0	0	15
French and non-official language	1,075	210	865	0	0	865
English, French and non-official language	760	430	15	320	0	170
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,222,405	1,167,555	19,155	7,200	28,485	22,760
Official languages	1,193,310	1,166,955	19,155	7,200	0	22,755
English	1,192,105	1,166,955	17,950	7,200	0	21,550
French	90,245	63,890	19,155	7,200	0	22,755
Non-official languages	460,420	420,265	4,960	6,705	28,490	8,315
Aboriginal languages	1,145	1,135	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	459,295	419,145	4,965	6,700	28,485	8,315
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,200	28,490	22,760
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	35,195	34,450	690	30	20	705
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	34,335	33,600	680	35	20	695
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	15,505	15,335	130	25	15	145
Métis	18,475	17,925	550	0	10	550
Inuk (Inuit)	355	350	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	365	360	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	495	490	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,187,210	1,133,105	18,465	7,170	28,465	22,050
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,222,405	1,167,555	19,155	7,205	28,485	22,760
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	12,575	12,480	60	20	15	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,209,830	1,155,080	19,095	7,185	28,470	22,685
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,155	7,200	28,485	22,755
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	8,325	8,220	85	10	10	90
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	8,080	7,980	90	10	10	95
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	5,870	5,820	35	10	10	35
Métis single ancestry	2,105	2,050	55	0	0	55
Inuit single ancestry	105	105	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	245	250	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	240	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	38,060	36,870	1,130	50	20	1,150
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	36,530	35,435	1,030	50	20	1,055
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,310	19,745	525	30	10	540
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,865	15,340	500	15	0	510
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	350	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,530	1,430	100	0	0	100
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,450	1,355	95	0	0	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	30	10	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	35	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,176,020	1,122,470	17,945	7,145	28,460	21,515
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,200	28,485	22,760
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	1,075,480	1,036,045	17,090	5,485	16,860	19,835
Canadian citizens only	1,011,395	976,560	15,685	3,730	15,425	17,550
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	64,080	59,485	1,405	1,760	1,425	2,285
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	146,925	131,510	2,070	1,715	11,630	2,925
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,205	28,485	22,760
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	813,490	793,460	13,875	1,630	4,525	14,690
Immigrants^Footnote 42	383,060	350,050	4,830	5,270	22,905	7,470
Before 1981	63,930	60,985	680	360	1,905	860
1981 to 1990	38,265	34,730	280	335	2,915	450
1991 to 2000	64,815	58,275	705	725	5,120	1,065
2001 to 2010	126,390	115,730	1,790	2,625	6,245	3,100
2001 to 2005	56,815	51,960	765	1,180	2,920	1,355
2006 to 2010	69,575	63,770	1,025	1,445	3,335	1,745
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	89,660	80,335	1,380	1,230	6,715	2,000
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	25,850	24,045	450	300	1,055	595
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	383,060	350,055	4,830	5,275	22,905	7,470
Under 5 years	34,960	33,305	455	465	745	680
5 to 14 years	64,790	62,520	690	1,075	500	1,230
15 to 24 years	74,550	71,030	940	765	1,810	1,325
25 to 44 years	172,855	160,645	2,465	2,670	7,075	3,800
45 years and over	35,905	22,555	285	300	12,770	430
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	383,065	350,055	4,830	5,275	22,900	7,470
Americas	41,020	38,275	570	1,285	890	1,210
Brazil	1,420	1,330	15	65	10	50
Colombia	5,580	4,695	120	450	320	345
El Salvador	2,340	2,160	10	45	125	35
Guyana	825	820	10	0	0	10
Haiti	485	160	225	95	10	275
Jamaica	2,835	2,835	0	0	0	0
Mexico	4,105	3,795	30	175	95	120
Peru	1,080	895	20	110	50	75
Trinidad and Tobago	1,380	1,380	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	10,715	10,600	45	55	10	75
Other places of birth in Americas	10,265	9,615	90	285	275	235
Europe	72,990	69,080	1,400	1,310	1,195	2,055
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	1,845	0	40	60	20
Croatia	1,220	1,185	0	0	35	0
France	1,200	235	950	20	0	960
Germany	5,710	5,610	40	60	0	70
Greece	890	840	0	15	30	10
Hungary	1,845	1,775	10	25	40	20
Ireland^Footnote 48	1,615	1,610	10	0	0	10
Italy	3,625	3,420	30	60	110	65
Netherlands	2,895	2,845	0	55	0	25
Poland	6,420	6,145	30	70	175	60
Portugal	1,075	990	15	10	60	20
Romania	4,250	3,785	25	390	55	220
Russian Federation	3,875	3,515	15	170	180	95
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,055	1,015	0	15	25	10
Ukraine	2,855	2,585	10	55	205	40
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	22,145	22,100	30	20	0	40
Other places of birth in Europe	10,360	9,580	250	305	230	395
Africa	39,220	35,095	2,455	1,160	515	3,035
Algeria	740	250	260	225	10	375
Egypt	2,850	2,630	75	125	15	140
Ethiopia	5,195	5,075	15	15	85	20
Kenya	2,605	2,570	10	0	30	10
Morocco	660	255	190	205	15	290
Nigeria	7,380	7,360	10	15	10	15
Somalia	1,340	1,225	20	20	75	30
South Africa, Republic of	2,655	2,645	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15,790	13,085	1,885	550	280	2,160
Asia	226,295	204,125	395	1,520	20,255	1,155
Afghanistan	3,195	2,780	20	45	355	40
Bangladesh	3,110	3,020	0	50	45	25
China^Footnote 51	34,550	26,985	20	190	7,360	115
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	10,930	10,240	0	35	645	25
India	44,365	39,135	15	140	5,070	85
Iran^Footnote 53	5,675	5,365	15	150	145	90
Iraq	3,540	3,285	0	20	235	15
Japan	1,485	1,420	0	15	50	10
Korea, South^Footnote 54	6,980	6,515	0	45	415	20
Lebanon	4,130	3,630	140	165	200	215
Pakistan	17,090	16,305	10	95	690	50
Philippines	51,545	51,155	50	115	230	105
Sri Lanka	1,965	1,915	0	10	35	0
Syria^Footnote 55	2,150	1,355	15	85	700	55
Taiwan	2,185	2,015	0	20	145	15
Viet Nam	14,875	11,645	25	105	3,100	80
Other places of birth in Asia	18,515	17,355	75	250	835	200
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	3,535	3,480	10	0	50	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	89,665	80,335	1,380	1,230	6,715	1,995
Americas	8,735	7,940	120	310	360	275
Brazil	510	465	10	30	10	30
Colombia	1,255	1,020	10	80	140	50
Cuba	125	100	0	15	10	10
Haiti	140	25	70	40	10	90
Jamaica	425	425	0	0	0	0
Mexico	1,790	1,660	0	60	70	35
United States^Footnote 58	1,875	1,850	0	15	0	15
Venezuela^Footnote 59	1,105	1,025	10	20	45	20
Other places of birth in Americas	1,500	1,370	0	45	80	35
Europe	8,685	7,680	345	285	370	490
France	270	0	260	10	0	260
Germany	420	375	10	35	0	30
Ireland^Footnote 60	575	575	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	420	325	0	60	35	30
Romania	580	480	0	80	15	50
Russian Federation	625	520	0	30	75	20
Ukraine	795	675	10	10	105	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	2,325	2,315	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	2,410	65	55	145	95
Africa	11,600	10,190	835	310	270	990
Algeria	130	35	55	40	10	70
Cameroon	565	330	220	15	0	225
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	45	135	35	0	150
Côte d'Ivoire	95	15	75	0	0	80
Egypt	1,095	1,005	25	45	10	50
Eritrea	1,040	955	10	0	80	10
Ethiopia	1,590	1,510	0	10	65	10
Morocco	185	55	60	70	10	95
Nigeria	3,785	3,780	0	0	10	0
Somalia	240	185	0	10	45	10
South Africa, Republic of	435	430	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	70	30	30	10	10	35
Other places of birth in Africa	2,155	1,820	210	70	50	250
Asia	59,915	53,790	75	325	5,720	240
Afghanistan	465	415	0	0	45	10
Bangladesh	750	735	0	0	15	10
China^Footnote 63	6,205	4,275	0	15	1,910	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	420	370	0	0	50	0
India	12,700	11,205	0	15	1,480	10
Iran^Footnote 65	2,245	2,115	0	50	75	30
Iraq	1,220	1,080	0	10	125	0
Israel	220	210	10	0	0	0
Japan	330	305	0	15	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,800	1,645	0	15	145	10
Lebanon	500	415	30	30	30	40
Nepal	1,115	1,085	0	10	30	0
Pakistan	4,335	3,980	0	10	350	0
Philippines	21,150	20,990	20	20	115	30
Saudi Arabia	340	330	0	0	0	10
Sri Lanka	335	315	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,380	625	10	65	690	35
Taiwan	325	285	10	10	25	0
Turkey	140	130	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	440	430	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	1,165	770	0	10	390	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,345	2,090	10	50	205	30
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	740	735	0	0	0	0
Australia	510	510	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	230	225	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,205	28,485	22,755
First generation^Footnote 71	417,375	382,285	5,405	5,615	24,075	8,210
Second generation^Footnote 72	264,090	256,230	2,235	1,290	4,330	2,885
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	540,935	529,045	11,515	295	80	11,665
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	325,375	294,680	4,205	4,945	21,545	6,680
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	184,250	175,090	2,300	3,140	3,720	3,875
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	73,070	69,040	1,130	1,425	1,475	1,845
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	111,180	106,045	1,170	1,715	2,245	2,030
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	92,145	76,185	925	750	14,280	1,300
Refugees^Footnote 79	46,260	41,050	905	975	3,330	1,395
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	2,720	2,355	80	70	215	120
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,155	7,200	28,485	22,760
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	442,590	407,625	4,340	4,495	26,130	6,590
South Asian^Footnote 83	115,795	107,380	215	585	7,615	510
Chinese	87,835	76,780	195	460	10,405	425
Black	51,515	47,560	2,615	690	650	2,960
Filipino	67,650	67,100	65	150	335	145
Latin American	26,265	23,630	300	1,140	1,190	870
Arab	25,190	22,190	685	895	1,430	1,130
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	21,610	19,035	55	165	2,350	140
West Asian^Footnote 85	12,615	11,525	55	240	790	180
Korean	10,635	9,935	0	55	635	30
Japanese	5,175	5,035	10	20	115	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	4,410	4,225	40	25	125	50
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	13,895	13,230	105	65	490	140
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	779,815	759,935	14,810	2,705	2,360	16,170
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,222,405	1,167,560	19,160	7,200	28,485	22,760
North American Aboriginal origins	46,390	45,090	1,215	60	25	1,240
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,915	27,205	655	35	20	680
Inuit	545	540	0	0	10	10
Métis	19,705	19,035	650	20	10	660
Other North American origins	249,060	241,170	7,065	340	480	7,240
Acadian	1,580	1,280	305	0	0	310
American	20,460	20,355	80	15	10	85
Canadian	234,190	226,680	6,725	315	475	6,885
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0	0	20
Newfoundlander	490	495	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	40	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	45	40	10	0	0	0
Québécois	365	245	110	10	0	115
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	140	140	0	0	0	0
European origins	704,040	687,815	11,315	2,640	2,270	12,635
British Isles origins	447,890	444,895	2,635	260	110	2,760
Channel Islander	135	135	0	0	0	0
Cornish	85	85	0	0	0	0
English	253,870	252,645	955	175	90	1,050
Irish	169,285	167,780	1,410	80	10	1,455
Manx	295	290	0	0	0	0
Scottish	204,740	203,815	830	70	20	865
Welsh	23,405	23,320	70	0	10	75
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	31,575	31,445	95	20	10	110
French origins	100,425	90,320	9,710	365	30	9,885
Alsatian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Breton	20	10	10	0	0	10
Corsican	10	15	0	0	0	0
French	100,380	90,280	9,705	365	35	9,885
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,135	218,225	1,260	500	135	1,515
Austrian	12,600	12,535	35	15	10	40
Bavarian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Belgian	5,490	5,140	340	10	0	345
Dutch	45,530	45,260	135	105	25	190
Flemish	475	465	10	10	0	10
Frisian	140	140	0	0	0	0
German	169,535	168,475	590	355	110	770
Luxembourger	220	205	10	10	0	15
Swiss	6,730	6,390	250	80	10	285
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	355	355	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,395	80,165	140	80	10	180
Danish	15,875	15,840	15	20	0	25
Finnish	4,715	4,700	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	6,705	6,695	10	10	0	10
Norwegian	35,215	35,120	65	20	0	75
Swedish	22,850	22,790	25	35	0	40
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	3,440	3,415	25	0	0	25
Eastern European origins	178,865	175,705	680	1,240	1,240	1,300
Bulgarian	1,565	1,465	0	45	45	30
Byelorussian	785	730	0	10	45	10
Czech	6,645	6,600	20	10	10	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,130	2,090	35	0	0	35
Estonian	1,055	1,055	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	19,335	19,005	100	155	75	180
Latvian	1,015	1,005	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	2,230	2,180	15	10	20	20
Moldovan	910	750	10	75	80	45
Polish	48,635	47,955	215	205	260	320
Romanian	12,150	11,525	50	475	105	290
Russian	33,210	32,325	120	275	495	255
Slovak	4,195	4,120	10	45	25	35
Ukrainian	77,670	76,905	180	215	370	290
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	840	835	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	83,080	80,360	1,045	855	820	1,475
Albanian	1,790	1,670	0	35	90	15
Bosnian	1,595	1,520	15	25	45	20
Catalan	50	40	0	0	10	0
Croatian	5,580	5,500	20	10	40	25
Cypriot	60	60	0	0	0	0
Greek	6,155	6,010	35	75	35	75
Italian	37,870	36,785	615	265	195	750
Kosovar	150	140	0	0	15	0
Macedonian	485	455	0	20	10	10
Maltese	500	475	25	0	0	25
Montenegrin	125	120	0	0	10	0
Portuguese	7,670	7,385	105	55	120	140
Serbian	3,205	3,045	15	65	75	45
Sicilian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,600	1,580	10	15	0	10
Spanish	20,645	19,705	270	425	250	485
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,425	1,405	15	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	115	110	0	0	0	10
Other European origins	8,595	8,335	125	40	95	145
Basque	180	150	15	10	0	20
Jewish	4,220	4,070	45	25	85	60
Roma (Gypsy)	165	165	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	420	415	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	3,640	3,570	60	10	10	65
Caribbean origins	14,050	13,460	375	170	45	460
Antiguan	255	255	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	120	115	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	770	760	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	120	115	0	0	0	0
Carib	55	55	0	0	0	0
Cuban	795	725	10	35	25	25
Dominican	285	280	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	205	205	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	855	435	285	120	10	350
Jamaican	6,565	6,530	25	10	10	30
Kittitian/Nevisian	70	65	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	220	220	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	320	320	0	0	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	1,905	10	10	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	320	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,030	1,020	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,080	1,050	25	0	0	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,540	30,630	430	1,220	1,255	1,045
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	785	745	15	25	0	30
Arawak	75	65	10	0	0	10
Argentinian	745	720	0	20	10	10
Belizean	130	135	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	245	220	0	15	0	0
Brazilian	1,535	1,450	30	20	35	40
Chilean	2,910	2,780	20	40	75	35
Colombian	7,145	6,030	130	515	475	390
Costa Rican	275	270	0	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	425	375	0	0	45	0
Guatemalan	1,145	1,030	30	20	60	40
Guyanese	1,045	1,040	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	700	670	10	20	10	15
Honduran	350	315	25	0	10	25
Maya	205	195	0	10	10	0
Mexican	7,560	6,985	80	260	230	210
Nicaraguan	875	825	10	20	30	10
Panamanian	140	140	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	160	160	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,420	1,280	20	70	50	60
Salvadorean	2,775	2,595	35	45	100	55
Uruguayan	120	115	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,300	2,990	40	150	120	115
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,565	1,420	30	35	80	45
African origins	55,725	50,400	3,170	1,260	905	3,795
Central and West African origins	15,560	13,565	1,675	295	25	1,825
Akan	95	70	15	10	0	20
Angolan	150	120	25	15	0	25
Ashanti	70	65	0	0	0	0
Beninese	120	60	55	0	0	50
Burkinabe	20	0	20	0	0	20
Cameroonian	965	505	430	35	0	445
Chadian	45	25	10	0	0	10
Congolese	1,355	520	710	120	10	770
Edo	285	285	0	0	0	0
Ewe	70	50	15	0	0	20
Gabonese	25	15	15	0	0	15
Gambian	70	75	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,695	1,665	20	15	0	25
Guinean	150	65	70	20	10	75
Ibo	1,080	1,075	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	130	10	110	10	0	115
Liberian	295	285	0	0	10	0
Malian	20	15	10	0	0	10
Malinké	20	20	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	7,420	7,380	15	20	0	30
Peulh	40	15	0	25	0	10
Senegalese	280	110	100	60	0	130
Sierra Leonean	215	215	0	0	0	0
Togolese	75	35	35	0	0	35
Wolof	45	10	20	15	0	25
Yoruba	1,670	1,660	0	0	0	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	585	405	135	45	0	160
North African origins	11,090	9,370	725	690	305	1,070
Algerian	810	385	275	140	10	345
Berber	340	120	85	120	15	140
Coptic	115	115	10	0	0	0
Dinka	265	240	0	0	25	0
Egyptian	4,380	4,020	95	140	125	160
Libyan	575	530	0	15	30	10
Maure	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	1,035	660	165	180	35	255
Sudanese	3,255	3,155	0	25	70	15
Tunisian	475	260	115	90	0	165
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	270	175	40	50	0	65
Southern and East African origins	20,335	19,260	390	160	520	465
Afrikaner	95	95	0	0	0	10
Amhara	220	215	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	190	120	55	10	0	60
Burundian	195	75	85	30	0	100
Djiboutian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	3,755	3,520	35	15	185	45
Ethiopian	6,350	6,145	10	45	145	35
Harari	45	45	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	900	890	0	0	10	0
Malagasy	50	20	25	0	0	30
Mauritian	250	160	95	0	0	90
Oromo	675	635	0	0	45	0
Rwandan	180	140	40	0	0	40
Seychellois	25	25	0	0	0	0
Somali	2,755	2,580	25	25	130	35
South African	2,390	2,375	10	0	0	10
Tanzanian	435	440	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	430	385	10	10	30	15
Ugandan	330	325	0	0	0	0
Zambian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	750	745	0	0	0	0
Zulu	35	40	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,440	1,370	20	40	10	40
Other African origins	9,745	9,085	465	135	55	530
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	845	810	25	10	10	25
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	8,980	8,355	445	135	50	510
Asian origins	366,720	338,920	1,200	2,435	24,165	2,420
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,250	42,290	610	940	2,410	1,080
Afghan	5,205	4,685	40	55	425	70
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	4,870	4,275	195	145	255	265
Armenian	960	880	10	40	40	30
Assyrian	315	265	0	0	50	0
Azerbaijani	290	235	0	10	45	0
Georgian	215	185	0	0	25	0
Hazara	265	250	0	0	10	0
Iranian	8,345	7,915	10	180	240	105
Iraqi	3,670	3,375	25	30	250	35
Israeli	700	690	0	0	10	10
Jordanian	560	525	0	15	20	10
Kazakh	290	250	0	15	20	10
Kurd	875	765	0	0	105	10
Kuwaiti	50	45	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	150	145	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	12,755	12,040	255	235	225	380
Palestinian	1,550	1,500	0	25	25	15
Pashtun	380	360	0	0	20	0
Saudi Arabian	155	145	0	0	10	0
Syrian	3,200	2,360	30	75	730	70
Tajik	170	165	0	0	10	0
Tatar	340	290	0	35	20	15
Turk	2,475	2,250	40	80	105	80
Turkmen	60	55	0	0	0	0
Uighur	150	145	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	255	230	0	10	15	10
Yemeni	545	510	10	10	20	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,330	1,260	10	25	35	25
South Asian origins	115,295	107,085	220	600	7,390	520
Bangladeshi	2,355	2,300	0	20	35	10
Bengali	950	900	0	30	15	15
Bhutanese	160	90	0	25	40	15
East Indian	84,780	78,505	205	310	5,765	355
Goan	285	285	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	295	280	0	0	15	0
Kashmiri	570	550	0	0	25	0
Nepali	1,880	1,785	0	15	80	10
Pakistani	17,670	16,785	0	155	725	85
Punjabi	7,915	6,700	10	50	1,160	35
Sinhalese	360	355	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	2,345	2,295	10	0	35	10
Tamil	415	400	0	10	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	2,480	2,390	10	15	75	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	207,260	191,650	370	915	14,325	825
Burmese	750	730	0	0	25	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,010	1,820	10	30	150	25
Chinese	102,070	90,300	245	515	11,005	505
Filipino	71,785	71,215	55	165	345	140
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,425	1,385	10	10	20	15
Japanese	7,075	6,920	10	30	120	25
Karen	300	225	0	0	75	0
Korean	11,240	10,500	0	60	675	30
Laotian	820	755	0	0	60	10
Malaysian	1,255	1,250	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	1,065	1,030	0	10	25	0
Singaporean	205	190	10	0	10	0
Taiwanese	1,150	1,065	0	20	70	10
Thai	975	935	0	0	35	10
Tibetan	890	815	0	0	75	0
Vietnamese	19,515	17,000	45	120	2,355	105
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	300	290	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins	1,585	1,505	0	0	80	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,585	1,505	0	0	75	10
Oceania origins	5,465	5,415	10	10	30	15
Australian	3,020	3,010	0	10	0	10
New Zealander	1,095	1,090	0	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	1,415	10	0	30	0
Fijian	940	910	0	0	30	0
Hawaiian	150	150	0	0	0	0
Maori	135	135	0	0	0	0
Samoan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	70	70	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	115	115	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	996,120	950,545	17,015	5,765	22,795	19,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,630	118,405	1,980	645	13,600	2,300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	257,270	247,435	3,580	1,070	5,185	4,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	604,220	584,695	11,465	4,045	4,010	13,490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,530	62,985	1,730	260	555	1,860
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	23,970	22,720	775	135	340	845
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	41,560	40,265	955	125	215	1,015
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,835	170,795	3,165	735	1,135	3,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,725	30,540	580	230	370	700
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	331,130	320,375	5,985	2,825	1,945	7,400
Bachelor's degree	230,405	224,070	3,465	1,405	1,465	4,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,390	16,485	455	330	115	620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,670	8,380	130	90	70	175
Master's degree	63,985	61,380	1,605	770	240	1,985
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	10,680	10,065	335	230	50	450
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	996,120	950,545	17,015	5,765	22,795	19,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	391,900	365,845	5,550	1,715	18,785	6,410
Education	35,200	33,625	970	205	405	1,075
13. Education	35,200	33,625	970	205	400	1,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,945	19,390	390	75	90	430
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,265	3,190	70	0	10	70
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	16,200	320	75	85	360
Humanities	27,700	26,390	550	375	380	735
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	2,660	130	145	100	200
23. English language and literature/letters	6,975	6,820	75	60	25	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,535	8,195	75	60	200	110
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	125	125	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,775	45	25	10	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	2,615	45	0	15	45
54. History	3,755	3,650	65	15	30	75
55. French language and literature/letters	740	550	120	70	0	155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,555	63,575	1,125	500	355	1,375
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	710	20	0	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	7,965	120	25	25	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	7,425	160	40	110	185
22. Legal professions and studies	12,200	11,780	220	145	50	295
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	860	830	25	10	0	30
42. Psychology	10,290	10,085	150	40	15	170
45. Social sciences	25,595	24,775	430	240	150	545
Business, management and public administration	139,610	135,610	2,665	760	580	3,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	170	170	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,940	6,805	80	30	25	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,500	128,630	2,580	730	555	2,945
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,335	31,065	730	305	225	885
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,170	9,785	270	85	35	310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,035	5,875	80	40	45	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	310	275	20	10	0	25
40. Physical sciences	14,485	13,820	345	175	140	430
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	1,315	20	0	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,215	26,390	455	230	140	570
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,150	21,545	370	140	90	445
25. Library science	1,460	1,420	20	15	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,305	3,150	55	50	45	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	300	270	0	15	0	20
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,815	137,260	2,635	935	985	3,105
04. Architecture and related services	5,370	5,230	85	50	0	110
14. Engineering	58,795	56,580	995	665	550	1,325
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,795	26,160	405	80	145	450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	35	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	22,110	21,430	510	60	110	540
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,170	18,625	380	55	110	410
48. Precision production	9,545	9,200	255	30	60	270
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,060	8,745	140	45	135	160
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,675	4,460	70	30	110	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	4,285	70	15	20	80
Health and related fields	82,115	79,985	1,225	470	435	1,465
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,895	6,720	125	20	25	140
51. Health professions and related programs	72,705	70,820	1,065	425	395	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,515	2,440	40	20	15	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,615	22,605	570	150	290	645
12. Personal and culinary services	15,870	15,135	365	115	250	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	105	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	10	0	10	10
43. Security and protective services	3,300	3,205	75	10	10	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	4,025	125	25	20	135
Other	65	60	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	65	65	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	996,120	950,540	17,015	5,770	22,795	19,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,900	365,845	5,550	1,715	18,785	6,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	604,220	584,700	11,465	4,050	4,010	13,490
Location of study inside Canada	445,535	434,620	9,085	1,615	210	9,890
Same as province or territory of residence	308,330	303,920	3,365	870	175	3,800
Different than province or territory of residence	137,205	130,705	5,720	745	35	6,095
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	158,685	150,075	2,380	2,430	3,800	3,595
United States^Footnote 130	18,870	18,565	230	75	10	265
Philippines	27,060	26,995	35	10	20	45
India	18,660	18,255	0	40	365	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	12,835	12,705	80	45	10	100
China^Footnote 132	11,810	10,055	10	25	1,725	20
France	1,175	285	805	90	0	850
Other	68,265	63,215	1,220	2,145	1,680	2,295
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	996,115	950,545	17,015	5,765	22,795	not applicable ...
In the labour force	728,330	703,870	12,860	4,265	7,340	not applicable ...
Employed	659,010	637,060	11,735	3,675	6,535	not applicable ...
Unemployed	69,315	66,810	1,120	585	800	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	267,790	246,675	4,155	1,500	15,455	not applicable ...
Participation rate	73.1	74.0	75.6	74.0	32.2	not applicable ...
Employment rate	66.2	67.0	69.0	63.7	28.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	9.5	9.5	8.7	13.7	10.9	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	996,120	950,545	17,015	5,765	22,795	19,900
Did not work^Footnote 135	245,030	224,750	3,755	1,390	15,135	4,450
Worked	751,090	725,790	13,265	4,375	7,655	15,455
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	374,465	363,405	6,690	1,675	2,695	7,530
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	376,620	362,390	6,575	2,700	4,960	7,925
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.6	42.6	38.9	40.1	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	772,235	746,015	13,595	4,555	8,070	15,875
a.Management	82,150	79,910	1,560	335	345	1,725
00 Senior management occupations	9,700	9,415	220	55	10	245
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	28,900	28,160	570	160	10	650
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	26,260	25,560	440	60	205	475
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	17,290	16,775	335	55	125	360
b.Professional	172,310	167,705	3,365	1,055	180	3,895
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	38,350	37,495	645	185	25	740
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	54,680	53,400	845	385	50	1,035
30 Professional occupations in nursing	12,945	12,710	195	35	0	215
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	11,825	11,535	215	65	20	245
40 Professional occupations in education services	25,080	23,845	945	245	40	1,070
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	22,685	22,150	395	105	35	450
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	6,745	6,565	130	30	15	145
c.Technical and paraprofessional	74,955	73,095	1,225	440	185	1,445
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	29,735	29,070	445	185	30	540
32 Technical occupations in health	13,940	13,645	195	35	55	215
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	12,715	12,255	255	145	65	320
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,135	3,085	40	10	0	45
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15,430	15,045	290	65	35	320
d.Administration and administrative support	98,245	95,800	1,555	560	330	1,835
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	42,060	41,000	740	225	95	855
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	7,710	7,525	140	40	15	155
14 Office support occupations	34,725	33,930	410	240	150	530
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	13,750	13,345	265	60	75	295
e.Sales	77,880	75,945	935	500	500	1,180
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	18,440	18,135	190	85	30	235
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	36,945	36,050	460	260	185	590
66 Sales support occupations	22,490	21,765	285	155	285	365
f.Personal and customer information services	131,435	124,315	2,050	990	4,075	2,545
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	11,065	10,805	125	105	20	175
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	15,010	14,360	280	95	275	325
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	23,775	22,170	335	140	1,130	400
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	39,665	38,005	820	300	535	975
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	41,925	38,975	495	340	2,115	665
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	57,840	55,445	1,395	280	720	1,540
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	41,980	40,000	1,100	210	665	1,210
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	15,860	15,450	295	65	60	330
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	48,215	46,345	1,000	275	590	1,140
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	12,085	11,610	250	65	160	280
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	25,200	24,380	465	155	205	540
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	10,925	10,355	295	55	225	315
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	11,235	10,925	200	40	70	225
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	3,995	3,905	80	10	0	80
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,410	1,380	0	0	15	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	5,830	5,640	120	30	50	130
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,975	16,520	305	85	1,070	345
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,965	3,825	95	25	20	110
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	5,080	4,625	105	25	325	120
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	3,745	3,455	20	15	255	25
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	5,180	4,615	80	20	470	90
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	772,240	746,010	13,595	4,555	8,070	15,875
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,940	2,820	45	15	60	50
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,405	2,310	20	15	60	25
113 Forestry and logging	70	65	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	40	35	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	425	410	20	0	0	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	47,790	46,750	755	240	45	875
211 Oil and gas extraction	32,235	31,625	445	145	25	520
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	640	630	0	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	14,910	14,490	310	95	20	350
22 Utilities	8,410	8,225	130	40	20	150
221 Utilities	8,415	8,225	125	35	20	145
23 Construction	69,595	66,700	1,700	370	830	1,885
236 Construction of buildings	19,480	18,620	485	105	265	535
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	7,465	7,230	145	55	30	170
238 Specialty trade contractors	42,655	40,845	1,070	205	530	1,180
31-33 Manufacturing	39,025	36,960	750	235	1,085	865
311 Food manufacturing	5,465	4,980	130	35	320	150
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	1,205	1,185	25	0	0	25
313 Textile mills	110	110	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	215	185	0	0	25	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	380	305	20	10	55	25
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	35	25	10	0	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,450	1,385	40	0	30	35
322 Paper manufacturing	660	615	20	10	10	30
323 Printing and related support activities	2,055	2,010	20	10	20	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	2,515	2,425	60	30	10	70
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,080	2,000	80	0	0	80
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,575	1,470	15	20	70	25
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	2,285	2,195	50	15	20	60
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,070	1,010	20	0	40	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	4,715	4,510	70	30	100	90
333 Machinery manufacturing	4,030	3,820	60	35	115	75
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	2,410	2,345	45	15	10	50
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,050	995	15	0	45	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,150	1,120	15	10	0	20
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	2,550	2,330	25	10	200	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,025	1,940	35	20	30	45
41 Wholesale trade	27,230	26,375	455	65	335	490
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	425	385	10	10	20	15
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	2,280	2,185	90	10	0	85
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	4,255	3,985	60	20	190	70
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,620	2,550	25	0	40	30
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,185	1,165	25	0	0	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	5,025	4,930	85	10	0	85
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	7,665	7,535	100	20	10	110
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	2,860	2,740	40	10	70	45
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	910	890	25	0	0	25
44-45 Retail trade	87,100	84,600	1,105	590	805	1,400
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	9,360	9,180	135	35	10	155
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	3,540	3,445	45	20	30	55
443 Electronics and appliance stores	3,750	3,670	30	35	10	45
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	5,395	5,260	55	35	45	75
445 Food and beverage stores	20,755	19,870	240	150	490	315
446 Health and personal care stores	6,660	6,495	85	50	30	115
447 Gasoline stations	2,815	2,715	50	15	30	60
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	11,890	11,530	175	130	55	240
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	5,650	5,560	55	25	10	70
452 General merchandise stores	9,970	9,745	120	55	55	145
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	4,585	4,465	60	30	35	80
454 Non-store retailers	2,725	2,670	50	0	10	50
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	41,905	40,255	1,080	270	300	1,215
481 Air transportation	7,165	6,700	415	45	0	440
482 Rail transportation	1,925	1,870	45	10	0	50
483 Water transportation	60	55	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	9,595	9,210	195	60	125	230
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	5,825	5,655	90	50	25	115
486 Pipeline transportation	3,675	3,635	25	15	0	30
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	65	65	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,255	4,125	70	25	30	85
491 Postal service	2,025	1,955	60	10	0	65
492 Couriers and messengers	2,820	2,705	65	25	25	75
493 Warehousing and storage	4,500	4,260	115	40	85	135
51 Information and cultural industries	15,450	15,085	240	95	25	295
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,145	2,095	30	10	10	35
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	2,180	2,155	15	10	0	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,045	1,030	20	0	0	15
517 Telecommunications	7,580	7,350	155	60	10	185
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	650	635	0	10	0	0
519 Other information services	1,855	1,810	30	10	0	35
52 Finance and insurance	27,940	27,330	415	175	20	505
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	12,415	12,145	175	100	0	225
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	6,800	6,630	120	40	0	140
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	8,510	8,340	120	40	10	140
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	220	215	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15,570	15,240	215	50	70	240
531 Real estate	12,825	12,565	170	40	50	190
532 Rental and leasing services	2,615	2,550	45	10	15	50
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	130	125	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	82,795	80,730	1,340	505	220	1,595
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	82,795	80,730	1,340	505	220	1,595
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,670	3,540	95	30	0	105
551 Management of companies and enterprises	3,665	3,545	95	30	0	110
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	34,050	32,065	635	265	1,090	765
561 Administrative and support services	32,210	30,255	615	255	1,080	745
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,840	1,810	20	0	0	20
61 Educational services	49,260	47,190	1,505	430	130	1,720
611 Educational services	49,255	47,190	1,505	430	135	1,720
62 Health care and social assistance	82,260	80,285	1,160	450	370	1,380
621 Ambulatory health care services	33,190	32,550	455	105	90	505
622 Hospitals	21,835	21,435	285	100	15	335
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	11,715	11,425	145	85	55	190
624 Social assistance	15,515	14,870	275	155	210	355
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	19,560	19,065	285	90	120	335
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	6,010	5,865	100	35	15	115
712 Heritage institutions	1,080	1,040	35	0	0	40
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	12,470	12,155	155	60	105	180
72 Accommodation and food services	56,960	53,970	735	360	1,895	920
721 Accommodation services	6,620	6,305	145	50	115	170
722 Food services and drinking places	50,340	47,660	590	310	1,780	745
81 Other services (except public administration)	32,870	31,715	400	145	615	470
811 Repair and maintenance	8,615	8,395	85	55	85	110
812 Personal and laundry services	11,435	10,905	135	50	350	160
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	8,015	7,850	100	20	45	115
814 Private households	4,800	4,565	70	25	145	85
91 Public administration	27,855	27,125	560	135	40	630
911 Federal government public administration	5,960	5,675	245	30	0	260
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	5,835	5,675	125	30	10	140
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	15,885	15,615	180	75	15	220
914 Aboriginal public administration	85	90	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	90	75	10	10	10	10
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	659,010	637,060	11,735	3,680	6,540	13,570
Worked at home	44,835	43,405	945	225	260	1,055
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,645	65	40	60	85
No fixed workplace address	89,435	85,475	2,160	525	1,270	2,425
Worked at usual place	521,935	505,540	8,570	2,890	4,945	10,010
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	772,235	746,015	13,600	4,555	8,070	15,875
English	751,185	732,265	11,670	4,050	3,200	13,695
French	1,865	650	1,145	70	0	1,180
Non-official language	9,650	5,355	40	65	4,185	70
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,640	5,345	40	70	4,185	75
English and French	1,520	625	670	225	10	780
English and non-official language	7,865	7,045	50	105	670	100
French and non-official language	20	10	0	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	135	70	20	40	0	40
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	772,235	746,010	13,600	4,555	8,075	15,875
None	735,970	715,970	9,950	3,745	6,305	11,820
English	5,000	3,380	785	75	755	825
French	7,140	4,100	2,685	345	10	2,860
Non-official language	23,495	22,120	85	295	1,000	235
Aboriginal	75	75	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	23,425	22,045	90	290	1,005	230
English and French	20	10	0	15	0	10
English and non-official language	105	105	0	0	10	0
French and non-official language	495	325	90	80	10	125
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,935	505,535	8,565	2,890	4,945	10,010
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	490,135	474,745	8,025	2,750	4,620	9,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,015	20,325	320	90	275	375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,755	7,520	165	20	50	175
Commute to a different province or territory	3,030	2,950	55	30	10	65
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	611,370	591,010	10,725	3,415	6,215	12,435
Car, truck, van - as a driver	434,380	421,105	7,670	2,090	3,515	8,715
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,420	29,885	435	235	865	555
Public transit	96,575	92,595	1,610	780	1,585	1,995
Walked	30,270	29,380	505	215	165	615
Bicycle	9,875	9,500	305	50	10	335
Other method	8,855	8,545	200	45	75	225
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	611,370	591,010	10,730	3,415	6,215	12,435
Less than 15 minutes	105,535	102,465	1,750	445	870	1,975
15 to 29 minutes	256,755	248,680	4,490	1,405	2,175	5,195
30 to 44 minutes	161,785	156,055	2,840	950	1,945	3,310
45 to 59 minutes	50,825	48,985	910	345	590	1,080
60 minutes and over	36,465	34,820	735	275	635	875
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	611,370	591,015	10,730	3,415	6,215	12,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,200	38,625	885	200	490	985
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,750	119,880	2,190	645	1,035	2,515
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	180,220	174,860	3,540	950	875	4,015
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,920	105,600	1,865	645	810	2,190
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,270	64,385	915	360	1,605	1,095
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	91,010	87,660	1,330	615	1,400	1,640
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,207,065	1,153,865	19,005	7,125	27,070	22,570
Non-movers	1,015,145	972,575	15,070	5,615	21,885	17,875
Movers	191,920	181,285	3,935	1,510	5,185	4,690
Non-migrants	143,215	137,015	2,770	1,085	2,345	3,310
Migrants	48,705	44,270	1,165	425	2,840	1,380
Internal migrants	28,085	26,615	945	225	310	1,050
Intraprovincial migrants	13,575	13,170	225	40	140	245
Interprovincial migrants	14,510	13,440	715	180	175	805
External migrants	20,620	17,660	225	205	2,530	330
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,144,745	1,095,635	18,480	6,970	23,655	21,970
Non-movers	616,080	592,445	8,535	2,755	12,345	9,910
Movers	528,665	503,200	9,945	4,215	11,305	12,050
Non-migrants	331,685	320,165	4,780	1,865	4,875	5,715
Migrants	196,980	183,030	5,165	2,350	6,430	6,340
Internal migrants	109,755	104,085	3,655	1,155	855	4,235
Intraprovincial migrants	40,215	39,205	615	160	225	700
Interprovincial migrants	69,540	64,880	3,040	995	625	3,540
External migrants	87,225	78,940	1,510	1,190	5,580	2,105

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Calgary, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.