Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,235	4,336,080	55,315	17,775	151,065	64,205
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
0 to 14 years	689,865	663,920	3,940	3,990	18,010	5,940
0 to 4 years	220,280	203,340	1,340	470	15,130	1,575
5 to 9 years	236,225	231,505	1,460	1,265	1,995	2,090
10 to 14 years	233,360	229,075	1,140	2,260	885	2,270
15 to 64 years	3,074,965	2,951,195	37,970	12,040	73,760	43,990
15 to 19 years	257,280	252,550	1,285	2,590	855	2,580
20 to 24 years	284,710	280,125	2,020	1,440	1,125	2,740
25 to 29 years	300,130	293,335	3,300	1,100	2,395	3,850
30 to 34 years	310,935	302,705	4,150	1,000	3,080	4,650
35 to 39 years	290,930	281,060	4,250	1,235	4,390	4,865
40 to 44 years	292,110	279,870	4,025	1,125	7,095	4,585
45 to 49 years	318,735	303,120	3,810	1,020	10,780	4,320
50 to 54 years	350,210	330,100	4,715	935	14,470	5,180
55 to 59 years	350,235	329,960	5,275	865	14,135	5,710
60 to 64 years	319,685	298,360	5,145	735	15,445	5,510
65 years and over	795,410	720,960	13,405	1,745	59,300	14,280
65 to 69 years	282,580	262,300	4,500	605	15,180	4,800
70 to 74 years	198,710	182,130	3,540	435	12,610	3,755
75 to 79 years	139,995	124,710	2,530	330	12,425	2,695
80 to 84 years	96,370	84,565	1,600	220	9,985	1,710
85 years and over	77,750	67,255	1,235	160	9,100	1,310
85 to 89 years	53,675	46,750	900	105	5,920	945
90 to 94 years	19,680	16,955	285	55	2,395	310
95 to 99 years	3,880	3,195	50	0	630	50
100 years and over	515	360	10	0	150	10
Average age	41.8	41.3	48.9	33.5	55.1	not applicable ...
Median age	42.5	41.7	51.1	28.7	59.7	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	3,870,380	3,672,160	51,375	13,785	133,065	58,270
Married or living common law	2,276,810	2,140,800	31,765	6,860	97,380	35,200
Married	1,905,065	1,779,825	23,205	6,290	95,735	26,350
Living common law	371,750	360,970	8,560	570	1,645	8,845
Not married and not living common law	1,593,565	1,531,355	19,605	6,925	35,680	23,070
Never married	1,054,140	1,031,860	10,910	5,820	5,550	13,820
Separated	102,080	97,535	1,445	230	2,870	1,560
Divorced	253,785	241,975	4,310	600	6,895	4,610
Widowed	183,555	159,980	2,945	275	20,360	3,080
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,780	133,065	58,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	3,535,920	50,495	12,165	129,140	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	46,551	50,245	37,636	18,971	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,983	34,138	37,066	23,316	15,310	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	3,540,305	50,575	12,175	129,365	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	38,652	41,391	31,638	17,196	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,755	30,691	32,965	22,219	15,006	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	3,219,915	45,860	10,970	86,085	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	45,615	48,681	37,929	18,311	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,542	32,350	34,717	22,986	11,601	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,225	2,470,990	35,735	8,370	113,135	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,172	8,521	4,995	7,721	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,594	4,515	7,459	1,322	5,785	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	2,678,535	37,245	9,160	50,065	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	43,715	46,961	37,331	21,603	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,707	32,231	35,415	23,399	16,925	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.9	89.2	88.0	90.9	64.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	70.7	71.1	68.9	74.7	44.1	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.1	10.8	12.0	9.1	35.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,065	58,270
Without total income	142,660	136,240	880	1,620	3,925	1,690
With total income	3,727,715	3,535,920	50,495	12,165	129,140	56,575
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.3	98.3	88.2	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	572,610	529,470	5,460	3,215	34,465	7,070
$10,000 to $19,999	654,905	588,030	8,360	2,355	56,160	9,535
$20,000 to $29,999	505,255	477,885	7,105	1,365	18,900	7,785
$30,000 to $39,999	423,280	406,870	6,085	1,155	9,160	6,670
$40,000 to $49,999	365,170	354,820	5,020	1,000	4,335	5,520
$50,000 to $59,999	286,090	279,215	3,935	730	2,215	4,300
$60,000 to $69,999	222,170	216,995	3,320	480	1,380	3,560
$70,000 to $79,999	171,785	167,925	2,760	410	695	2,965
$80,000 to $89,999	135,310	132,155	2,295	360	500	2,480
$90,000 to $99,999	96,840	94,835	1,495	255	255	1,620
$100,000 and over	294,295	287,725	4,665	830	1,085	5,075
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	193,990	3,105	530	725	3,365
$150,000 and over	95,940	93,730	1,555	300	350	1,710
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,060	58,265
Without after-tax income	137,960	131,850	795	1,610	3,700	1,600
With after-tax income	3,732,420	3,540,305	50,580	12,170	129,365	56,665
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.4	98.5	88.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	596,435	551,690	5,885	3,290	35,570	7,525
$10,000 to $19,999	688,395	619,525	8,820	2,390	57,650	10,015
$20,000 to $29,999	594,330	564,325	8,295	1,660	20,045	9,120
$30,000 to $39,999	494,690	477,865	7,070	1,345	8,410	7,740
$40,000 to $49,999	402,520	392,340	5,510	1,070	3,595	6,045
$50,000 to $59,999	291,885	285,035	4,460	620	1,770	4,770
$60,000 to $69,999	210,300	205,575	3,370	480	885	3,610
$70,000 to $79,999	151,860	148,550	2,435	465	400	2,670
$80,000 and over	302,010	295,390	4,735	845	1,035	5,160
$80,000 to $89,999	94,850	92,835	1,475	255	285	1,600
$90,000 to $99,999	59,650	58,450	850	145	205	925
$100,000 and over	147,510	144,110	2,410	445	550	2,630
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,060	58,270
Without employment income	1,095,370	993,620	14,130	4,620	82,995	16,440
With employment income	2,775,010	2,678,535	37,250	9,160	50,070	41,830
Percentage with employment income	71.7	72.9	72.5	66.4	37.6	71.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	440,080	424,670	6,440	1,810	7,160	7,350
$5,000 to $9,999	212,770	201,905	2,225	960	7,690	2,700
$10,000 to $19,999	371,845	352,245	4,280	1,485	13,835	5,020
$20,000 to $29,999	310,265	295,730	3,795	860	9,880	4,225
$30,000 to $39,999	282,735	273,020	3,485	875	5,355	3,925
$40,000 to $49,999	253,580	246,875	3,200	780	2,725	3,590
$50,000 to $59,999	203,580	198,875	2,850	500	1,355	3,100
$60,000 to $69,999	163,060	159,555	2,330	380	800	2,520
$70,000 to $79,999	133,790	130,985	2,115	320	375	2,280
$80,000 and over	403,290	394,690	6,515	1,190	895	7,110
$80,000 to $89,999	106,945	104,575	1,775	300	285	1,930
$90,000 to $99,999	76,030	74,495	1,155	220	170	1,265
$100,000 and over	220,320	215,620	3,585	675	445	3,920
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,060	58,265
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	1,147,070	1,116,980	14,965	2,935	12,190	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,940	54,215	59,718	53,794	28,527	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	64,625	64,914	68,791	67,156	32,435	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
English only	4,092,900	4,092,905	0	0	0	0
French only	1,750	0	1,750	0	0	1,745
English and French	312,480	241,210	53,510	17,755	0	62,390
Neither English nor French	153,110	1,960	60	15	151,065	70
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
English	3,601,100	3,565,815	35,285	0	0	35,290
French	16,485	1,030	15,460	0	0	15,460
Non-official language	714,820	548,310	840	14,605	151,070	8,145
Aboriginal	1,585	1,555	10	0	20	10
Non-Aboriginal	713,235	546,755	830	14,600	151,050	8,130
English and French	6,110	1,910	2,540	1,660	0	3,370
English and non-official language	218,260	217,920	345	0	0	345
French and non-official language	625	140	485	0	0	485
English, French and non-official language	2,830	955	360	1,510	0	1,120
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	4,560,240	4,336,075	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
None	3,900,535	3,720,980	30,520	8,275	140,750	34,660
English	272,245	250,540	8,935	7,575	5,190	12,730
French	40,650	26,740	13,635	245	30	13,755
Non-official language	336,760	329,745	1,500	550	4,965	1,775
Aboriginal	7,810	7,790	20	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal	328,950	321,955	1,485	550	4,965	1,755
English and French	1,125	215	65	845	10	485
English and non-official language	5,205	4,680	285	135	115	355
French and non-official language	3,580	3,185	365	15	15	375
English, French and non-official language	140	0	10	135	0	75
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	4,560,235	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,065	64,200
English	3,142,270	3,142,175	90	0	0	90
French	57,105	5,310	51,795	0	0	51,795
Non-official language	1,261,220	1,092,900	1,550	15,705	151,065	9,400
Aboriginal	8,190	8,150	0	10	30	10
Non-Aboriginal	1,253,030	1,084,750	1,545	15,695	151,035	9,395
English and French	9,570	7,800	345	1,420	0	1,055
English and non-official language	86,240	86,190	55	0	0	55
French and non-official language	1,900	450	1,445	0	0	1,445
English, French and non-official language	1,930	1,245	30	650	0	360
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
Official languages	4,407,130	4,334,115	55,255	17,755	0	64,130
English	4,405,380	4,334,115	53,505	17,755	0	62,385
French	314,220	241,215	55,255	17,755	0	64,130
Non-official languages	1,546,550	1,368,225	10,695	16,560	151,070	18,975
Aboriginal languages	17,190	17,110	55	0	15	60
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,630	1,351,380	10,650	16,555	151,050	18,925
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	270,585	267,255	3,075	145	110	3,145
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	263,540	260,360	2,945	135	105	3,010
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	172,520	171,785	620	35	80	635
Métis	89,410	86,995	2,295	95	20	2,345
Inuk (Inuit)	1,615	1,585	30	0	0	30
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	4,350	4,260	70	10	0	80
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	2,695	2,635	55	0	0	60
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	4,068,825	52,245	17,630	150,960	61,055
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	135,840	135,340	405	25	65	415
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	4,200,740	54,915	17,745	151,000	63,785
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	4,560,240	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	91,710	91,145	475	20	70	490
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	90,390	89,845	465	20	65	470
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	79,875	79,615	200	15	50	205
Métis single ancestry	10,085	9,815	250	10	10	255
Inuit single ancestry	430	415	10	0	10	15
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	1,320	1,300	20	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	1,170	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	100	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	35	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	211,100	206,455	4,390	195	50	4,490
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	201,900	197,475	4,185	195	45	4,280
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	127,705	2,180	100	30	2,230
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	68,090	1,985	95	10	2,035
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	1,680	20	0	0	20
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	9,200	8,985	205	0	10	205
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,860	8,660	195	10	0	195
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	155	15	0	0	15
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	130	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	4,257,425	4,038,475	50,450	17,555	150,950	59,225
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	4,560,235	4,336,075	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	4,138,300	3,979,950	51,700	14,315	92,330	58,865
Canadian citizens only	3,924,715	3,781,960	47,495	10,445	84,810	52,720
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	213,580	197,990	4,210	3,870	7,515	6,140
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	421,940	356,130	3,615	3,455	58,740	5,345
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	4,560,235	4,336,080	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	3,167,160	3,102,865	43,710	5,680	14,910	46,550
Immigrants^Footnote 42	1,292,675	1,141,185	10,250	11,215	130,020	15,860
Before 1981	356,160	338,650	3,325	1,410	12,765	4,035
1981 to 1990	152,220	134,385	1,135	1,265	15,440	1,765
1991 to 2000	287,505	245,580	1,655	2,350	37,920	2,835
2001 to 2010	321,240	277,825	2,605	4,445	36,365	4,825
2001 to 2005	147,730	128,320	1,130	1,920	16,360	2,095
2006 to 2010	173,505	149,505	1,470	2,520	20,005	2,730
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	175,555	144,750	1,530	1,745	27,525	2,405
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	100,410	92,030	1,350	880	6,140	1,795
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	1,292,675	1,141,190	10,255	11,215	130,020	15,860
Under 5 years	112,670	108,005	870	1,450	2,340	1,600
5 to 14 years	212,710	206,810	1,430	2,465	2,005	2,665
15 to 24 years	279,495	264,850	2,175	1,430	11,035	2,885
25 to 44 years	537,495	479,055	5,045	4,945	48,460	7,515
45 years and over	150,305	82,470	730	925	66,180	1,195
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	1,292,670	1,141,190	10,250	11,215	130,015	15,860
Americas	110,845	107,175	680	1,780	1,210	1,570
Brazil	3,800	3,595	20	165	20	100
Colombia	3,915	3,420	60	260	175	185
El Salvador	5,425	4,985	25	140	270	100
Guyana	1,310	1,310	0	0	0	0
Haiti	565	350	180	15	20	190
Jamaica	3,500	3,500	0	0	10	0
Mexico	10,375	9,720	75	450	130	300
Peru	3,265	3,040	0	120	100	70
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	2,610	0	0	10	0
United States^Footnote 47	57,780	57,365	205	135	75	275
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	17,285	100	495	410	350
Europe	319,890	306,925	6,180	3,375	3,405	7,870
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	4,345	0	60	170	30
Croatia	5,780	5,650	0	35	95	15
France	5,700	1,185	4,465	45	10	4,485
Germany	35,045	34,470	140	335	105	305
Greece	3,635	3,400	10	70	150	45
Hungary	6,180	6,010	40	65	60	70
Ireland^Footnote 48	5,890	5,885	0	0	0	10
Italy	15,405	14,610	115	245	430	240
Netherlands	18,225	18,020	25	165	15	105
Poland	15,115	14,655	15	145	305	85
Portugal	8,215	7,580	30	110	490	85
Romania	9,000	7,905	70	725	290	435
Russian Federation	10,920	10,055	35	295	535	180
Serbia^Footnote 49	4,480	4,230	25	120	100	85
Ukraine	7,505	7,080	10	90	320	55
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	123,815	123,675	100	25	10	115
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	38,160	1,100	840	320	1,520
Africa	42,805	38,745	2,345	1,195	520	2,940
Algeria	490	105	270	100	10	320
Egypt	2,705	2,425	105	160	15	185
Ethiopia	2,070	1,990	0	20	65	10
Kenya	4,710	4,610	20	35	45	35
Morocco	985	335	435	200	20	530
Nigeria	1,740	1,735	0	0	10	0
Somalia	1,085	960	0	10	120	0
South Africa, Republic of	13,380	13,330	15	25	10	30
Other places of birth in Africa	15,640	13,250	1,495	655	240	1,820
Asia	788,055	657,985	990	4,845	124,235	3,410
Afghanistan	5,040	4,295	10	25	715	20
Bangladesh	2,125	2,040	0	35	50	15
China^Footnote 51	199,990	136,590	115	1,255	62,030	745
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	74,215	67,765	25	275	6,140	165
India	162,645	130,760	110	370	31,405	295
Iran^Footnote 53	37,160	34,105	115	965	1,975	595
Iraq	5,550	4,610	10	70	860	45
Japan	13,360	12,590	20	70	690	55
Korea, South^Footnote 54	41,515	36,740	15	415	4,350	220
Lebanon	2,235	1,770	160	190	120	255
Pakistan	10,665	9,800	0	60	800	30
Philippines	112,100	111,250	45	130	675	115
Sri Lanka	4,585	4,430	0	15	145	0
Syria^Footnote 55	2,845	1,350	25	30	1,445	40
Taiwan	38,905	33,825	30	190	4,860	120
Viet Nam	27,875	21,975	130	295	5,475	280
Other places of birth in Asia	47,250	44,100	180	460	2,515	415
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	31,080	30,355	65	20	635	75
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	175,550	144,750	1,530	1,745	27,525	2,400
Americas	14,550	13,790	75	255	425	205
Brazil	1,145	1,055	15	60	15	40
Colombia	575	460	10	30	80	20
Cuba	140	120	10	10	10	10
Haiti	40	35	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	625	625	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,880	2,740	10	90	50	45
United States^Footnote 58	6,485	6,415	20	10	45	25
Venezuela^Footnote 59	270	255	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	2,075	25	50	225	55
Europe	19,735	17,625	1,030	455	635	1,255
France	965	75	880	10	0	885
Germany	1,450	1,375	25	35	20	40
Ireland^Footnote 60	1,435	1,430	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	245	195	0	30	20	15
Romania	690	520	15	80	75	55
Russian Federation	1,735	1,515	0	65	155	35
Ukraine	1,230	1,075	0	10	130	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	6,535	6,530	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,450	4,915	95	215	225	205
Africa	6,205	5,360	340	270	235	475
Algeria	65	30	15	20	0	20
Cameroon	60	45	20	0	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	65	10	0	65
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	15	0	0	15
Egypt	630	605	0	15	10	10
Eritrea	315	265	0	0	55	0
Ethiopia	305	285	0	0	15	0
Morocco	210	75	60	55	15	90
Nigeria	640	645	0	0	0	0
Somalia	355	290	0	0	70	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	1,615	0	0	0	10
Tunisia	80	20	15	45	0	35
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	1,405	155	130	65	220
Asia	131,880	104,820	80	765	26,210	465
Afghanistan	870	715	0	0	155	0
Bangladesh	470	435	0	10	30	0
China^Footnote 63	38,105	24,070	15	175	13,850	100
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	1,800	1,610	0	25	160	15
India	27,455	20,915	10	60	6,475	40
Iran^Footnote 65	8,645	7,545	10	235	860	125
Iraq	1,910	1,315	0	0	595	0
Israel	360	320	0	10	30	10
Japan	2,285	2,150	10	10	120	10
Korea, South^Footnote 66	8,030	7,015	0	80	930	45
Lebanon	260	165	15	25	55	30
Nepal	310	290	0	0	30	0
Pakistan	1,965	1,810	0	10	150	0
Philippines	26,680	26,525	10	10	135	15
Saudi Arabia	400	370	0	10	15	0
Sri Lanka	535	500	0	0	25	0
Syria^Footnote 67	2,185	770	0	0	1,410	0
Taiwan	2,505	2,215	0	0	280	0
Turkey	395	365	0	15	10	10
United Arab Emirates	390	370	0	10	10	10
Viet Nam	1,780	1,320	0	25	435	15
Other places of birth in Asia	4,540	4,025	10	50	460	30
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	3,185	3,155	10	0	25	10
Australia	1,920	1,920	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	1,265	1,240	10	0	25	10
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	4,560,240	4,336,075	55,315	17,775	151,070	64,205
First generation^Footnote 71	1,426,450	1,265,330	12,105	12,235	136,785	18,225
Second generation^Footnote 72	1,043,860	1,019,375	6,115	4,735	13,635	8,485
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	2,089,925	2,051,375	37,095	800	650	37,495
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	955,960	819,615	7,090	9,910	119,345	12,045
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	537,875	485,960	4,175	7,185	40,555	7,770
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	209,685	187,045	2,390	2,720	17,535	3,750
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	328,190	298,910	1,790	4,470	23,020	4,025
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	323,440	253,340	2,120	1,505	66,470	2,875
Refugees^Footnote 79	82,360	71,000	675	1,125	9,565	1,235
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	12,285	9,315	120	90	2,755	165
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	4,560,240	4,336,075	55,320	17,775	151,065	64,205
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	1,381,240	1,220,585	5,115	10,620	144,920	10,430
South Asian^Footnote 83	365,705	324,980	690	1,955	38,080	1,665
Chinese	508,480	420,340	600	3,020	84,520	2,115
Black	43,500	40,860	1,715	395	530	1,910
Filipino	145,030	144,005	115	165	750	195
Latin American	44,110	40,895	255	1,540	1,425	1,030
Arab	19,835	15,600	655	820	2,765	1,065
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	54,920	49,265	265	475	4,910	505
West Asian^Footnote 85	48,695	44,415	195	1,085	2,995	740
Korean	60,495	53,825	60	580	6,030	350
Japanese	41,235	39,610	105	170	1,345	190
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	8,765	8,060	225	145	335	300
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	40,465	38,720	235	270	1,235	370
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	3,179,000	3,115,495	50,200	7,150	6,155	53,775
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	4,560,235	4,336,075	55,320	17,775	151,070	64,205
North American Aboriginal origins	302,815	297,600	4,870	220	115	4,980
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	217,450	2,590	120	85	2,645
Inuit	2,620	2,555	60	0	10	55
Métis	90,520	87,935	2,445	110	30	2,500
Other North American origins	922,690	899,070	20,630	940	2,050	21,100
Acadian	3,935	3,095	825	15	0	830
American	78,170	77,620	450	55	45	475
Canadian	866,530	844,260	19,400	840	2,030	19,820
New Brunswicker	60	50	10	0	0	10
Newfoundlander	1,875	1,870	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	185	185	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	130	120	10	0	0	10
Québécois	1,830	1,215	570	40	0	595
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	405	400	10	0	10	10
European origins	2,857,085	2,802,015	41,415	7,460	6,190	45,145
British Isles origins	1,926,040	1,916,165	8,595	830	450	9,010
Channel Islander	450	445	10	0	0	0
Cornish	610	610	0	0	0	0
English	1,203,545	1,199,435	3,355	450	300	3,580
Irish	675,130	670,725	4,035	260	115	4,165
Manx	1,810	1,805	10	0	0	10
Scottish	860,775	857,505	2,740	340	190	2,915
Welsh	113,905	113,640	225	25	10	235
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	122,705	122,085	490	90	35	535
French origins	388,815	351,530	35,885	1,195	205	36,485
Alsatian	210	200	10	0	0	10
Breton	110	40	75	0	0	70
Corsican	100	90	15	0	0	15
French	388,580	351,325	35,850	1,195	210	36,445
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,865	832,260	4,990	1,805	800	5,895
Austrian	48,515	48,090	220	170	30	310
Bavarian	220	215	0	0	0	0
Belgian	19,980	18,495	1,330	145	15	1,400
Dutch	213,670	212,615	555	395	100	755
Flemish	2,215	2,165	30	20	0	40
Frisian	850	840	0	10	0	10
German	603,265	599,325	2,305	980	660	2,790
Luxembourger	700	655	40	0	0	40
Swiss	31,395	29,985	1,005	355	45	1,180
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	905	905	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	345,495	590	325	120	750
Danish	58,205	57,995	110	95	0	155
Finnish	34,150	33,995	70	60	20	100
Icelandic	26,410	26,325	40	40	0	60
Norwegian	138,435	138,170	180	25	65	190
Swedish	110,035	109,695	170	125	40	235
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	15,080	14,995	70	15	0	80
Eastern European origins	569,260	562,085	1,995	2,465	2,715	3,225
Bulgarian	4,015	3,685	50	160	115	130
Byelorussian	2,760	2,605	10	50	100	30
Czech	23,375	23,150	85	85	55	125
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	7,970	7,930	30	0	10	30
Estonian	4,845	4,820	0	20	0	10
Hungarian	56,535	55,855	265	230	190	380
Latvian	4,935	4,915	20	0	0	15
Lithuanian	7,225	7,170	30	20	10	40
Moldovan	1,090	985	0	40	60	25
Polish	149,635	148,065	700	410	450	910
Romanian	31,250	29,880	175	820	370	590
Russian	131,060	128,765	460	670	1,170	790
Slovak	11,220	11,115	50	35	20	70
Ukrainian	229,205	227,680	425	460	635	655
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	3,560	3,490	10	45	15	30
Southern European origins	334,735	325,830	3,745	2,715	2,435	5,105
Albanian	1,925	1,815	15	45	50	35
Bosnian	3,290	3,135	0	70	80	40
Catalan	115	105	10	10	0	10
Croatian	23,845	23,465	60	190	130	150
Cypriot	440	425	10	0	10	10
Greek	24,460	23,850	215	175	220	300
Italian	166,090	162,400	2,210	830	655	2,620
Kosovar	285	270	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	1,205	1,160	0	20	20	10
Maltese	2,645	2,610	25	10	0	30
Montenegrin	710	680	0	20	15	10
Portuguese	41,765	40,490	290	365	625	470
Serbian	12,895	12,270	55	315	260	210
Sicilian	550	515	30	0	0	30
Slovenian	5,555	5,510	30	10	10	30
Spanish	64,475	61,750	1,060	1,130	535	1,625
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	7,080	7,015	40	15	10	50
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	395	380	0	10	0	10
Other European origins	34,700	33,695	475	325	195	635
Basque	835	795	25	20	10	35
Jewish	17,580	16,955	225	220	185	335
Roma (Gypsy)	805	770	15	20	0	20
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	965	960	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	14,715	14,410	225	80	10	265
Caribbean origins	25,010	24,435	400	60	105	435
Antiguan	220	220	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	255	250	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,875	1,860	0	0	0	10
Bermudan	330	330	10	0	0	0
Carib	70	70	0	0	0	0
Cuban	1,320	1,250	15	10	40	20
Dominican	740	690	10	10	45	10
Grenadian	380	380	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	0	0	15
Haitian	1,140	860	230	20	25	245
Jamaican	10,545	10,495	40	10	0	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Martinican	30	15	15	0	0	15
Montserratan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	570	565	0	10	0	0
St. Lucian	190	190	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	4,135	25	10	10	30
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	410	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	2,125	2,085	40	10	0	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,920	1,875	35	15	0	40
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	66,075	495	1,860	1,490	1,425
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,620	2,470	15	75	65	55
Arawak	90	90	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,025	1,900	40	85	0	80
Belizean	125	125	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	375	335	10	20	15	20
Brazilian	5,455	5,205	35	120	95	95
Chilean	5,695	5,475	65	70	85	100
Colombian	5,860	5,225	70	330	225	240
Costa Rican	815	785	0	20	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,045	980	10	30	25	25
Guatemalan	2,575	2,435	25	55	60	55
Guyanese	1,930	1,920	10	0	0	10
Hispanic	1,535	1,435	10	50	40	35
Honduran	1,445	1,360	0	25	50	20
Maya	935	880	0	25	25	20
Mexican	23,055	21,885	125	605	445	430
Nicaraguan	1,520	1,430	10	30	45	30
Panamanian	330	315	0	10	0	10
Paraguayan	895	895	0	10	0	0
Peruvian	3,910	3,660	25	115	100	85
Salvadorean	6,815	6,405	35	150	225	115
Uruguayan	415	390	15	0	10	15
Venezuelan	1,900	1,780	15	65	40	45
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	3,310	3,135	15	100	55	65
African origins	59,985	55,435	2,745	1,125	685	3,305
Central and West African origins	7,070	6,215	745	95	20	795
Akan	40	35	0	0	0	10
Angolan	90	85	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	85	85	0	0	0	0
Beninese	35	20	15	0	0	15
Burkinabe	45	35	15	0	0	15
Cameroonian	150	95	55	0	0	50
Chadian	70	60	10	0	0	10
Congolese	805	370	385	45	0	405
Edo	90	85	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	50	0	0	0	10
Gabonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,600	1,590	0	0	0	10
Guinean	130	90	30	10	0	35
Ibo	280	275	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	105	45	60	0	0	60
Liberian	250	250	0	0	0	0
Malian	80	45	40	0	0	35
Malinké	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,615	2,590	15	0	10	15
Peulh	20	10	10	0	0	10
Senegalese	95	40	45	0	0	50
Sierra Leonean	125	120	0	10	0	0
Togolese	100	60	40	10	0	40
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	260	255	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	620	495	110	15	0	115
North African origins	9,840	7,970	1,085	630	150	1,405
Algerian	770	330	325	100	15	370
Berber	205	80	45	75	10	85
Coptic	150	140	10	0	0	0
Dinka	45	45	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	4,520	4,205	135	140	45	210
Libyan	420	380	10	0	25	10
Maure	150	135	0	0	15	0
Moroccan	2,005	1,355	435	195	25	535
Sudanese	1,225	1,175	0	20	30	10
Tunisian	505	295	80	120	10	145
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	215	105	60	55	0	85
Southern and East African origins	24,800	23,510	615	245	425	735
Afrikaner	710	705	0	0	0	0
Amhara	115	100	0	0	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	255	125	90	35	10	105
Burundian	220	85	90	30	10	100
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,050	945	0	10	95	10
Ethiopian	2,550	2,480	10	10	60	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,620	1,615	0	0	0	10
Malagasy	105	80	20	0	0	25
Mauritian	975	630	255	90	0	300
Oromo	140	140	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	420	290	85	35	10	105
Seychellois	25	30	0	0	0	0
Somali	2,295	2,110	0	0	180	10
South African	11,055	10,975	35	30	20	55
Tanzanian	490	485	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	210	175	0	0	35	0
Ugandan	775	770	0	0	0	10
Zambian	205	205	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	855	855	0	0	0	0
Zulu	70	70	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,840	1,770	35	15	20	40
Other African origins	19,210	18,505	425	190	95	520
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	2,660	2,600	40	0	10	40
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	16,740	16,050	410	190	85	510
Asian origins	1,312,440	1,157,525	3,250	8,805	142,865	7,655
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	89,675	1,055	2,175	6,650	2,145
Afghan	7,890	6,985	10	50	855	35
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	5,660	4,670	175	170	640	265
Armenian	3,720	3,285	135	170	130	220
Assyrian	545	455	0	0	95	0
Azerbaijani	990	945	10	20	30	10
Georgian	740	725	0	0	15	10
Hazara	50	45	0	0	10	0
Iranian	47,985	44,380	215	1,095	2,295	760
Iraqi	5,570	4,665	15	105	780	70
Israeli	2,655	2,560	50	35	10	60
Jordanian	780	755	0	0	20	0
Kazakh	385	375	0	0	0	0
Kurd	2,120	1,905	10	35	175	30
Kuwaiti	125	125	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	175	120	10	40	10	25
Lebanese	7,980	7,290	335	260	90	465
Palestinian	2,620	2,495	30	35	65	45
Pashtun	355	325	0	15	10	10
Saudi Arabian	980	885	0	10	85	0
Syrian	3,955	2,625	90	30	1,210	105
Tajik	255	225	0	0	35	0
Tatar	790	740	0	20	35	10
Turk	6,350	5,925	110	140	180	180
Turkmen	125	95	0	0	30	0
Uighur	130	115	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	275	265	0	10	10	10
Yemeni	300	280	0	0	20	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,635	2,400	30	65	140	60
South Asian origins	363,885	323,355	795	2,065	37,675	1,830
Bangladeshi	1,840	1,750	0	35	60	15
Bengali	850	835	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	115	85	0	0	30	0
East Indian	309,315	274,450	725	1,735	32,405	1,595
Goan	485	485	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	700	690	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	180	175	0	10	0	10
Nepali	1,490	1,400	0	10	85	10
Pakistani	12,580	12,035	45	55	445	70
Punjabi	38,725	32,500	10	295	5,920	165
Sinhalese	620	610	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	5,710	5,535	25	20	130	35
Tamil	1,230	1,170	10	10	40	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	8,245	7,565	20	35	625	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,350	750,800	1,455	4,590	98,505	3,745
Burmese	2,315	2,110	0	10	190	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	2,860	50	35	290	65
Chinese	540,155	452,420	810	3,095	83,840	2,355
Filipino	158,215	157,085	145	185	790	235
Hmong	130	125	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	6,620	6,530	15	10	60	20
Japanese	51,145	49,295	110	220	1,525	215
Karen	895	610	0	0	280	0
Korean	63,300	56,465	65	595	6,175	365
Laotian	2,530	2,365	40	15	110	50
Malaysian	5,060	5,010	10	10	30	15
Mongolian	1,495	1,415	25	10	50	30
Singaporean	1,055	1,045	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	21,455	18,875	10	175	2,395	100
Thai	5,065	4,925	30	25	80	45
Tibetan	545	505	0	0	40	0
Vietnamese	41,440	36,295	265	430	4,450	475
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	780	705	10	0	70	10
Other Asian origins	2,500	2,310	10	15	165	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	2,500	2,310	10	15	170	15
Oceania origins	41,125	40,640	90	65	330	120
Australian	16,240	16,180	35	25	0	45
New Zealander	6,560	6,550	0	15	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	19,130	18,720	55	25	330	70
Fijian	14,145	13,765	30	25	325	40
Hawaiian	2,200	2,200	0	0	0	0
Maori	1,120	1,120	0	0	0	0
Samoan	485	485	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	600	600	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	905	880	20	0	10	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,780	133,065	58,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	527,315	6,455	1,995	65,870	7,450
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	1,138,565	1,086,070	11,610	2,915	37,970	13,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	2,058,770	33,315	8,875	29,215	37,750
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,985	329,635	5,895	600	2,855	6,195
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	142,935	138,175	2,750	250	1,760	2,875
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	196,045	191,455	3,150	350	1,100	3,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,940	680,425	10,875	1,500	8,145	11,625
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	131,340	1,890	535	4,245	2,155
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	917,380	14,660	6,230	13,970	17,770
Bachelor's degree	622,675	602,030	7,705	2,860	10,085	9,130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,000	65,710	1,400	660	1,230	1,725
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	27,830	445	280	560	585
Master's degree	195,825	187,905	4,200	1,830	1,890	5,115
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	35,625	33,905	910	605	205	1,215
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,065	58,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	1,740,200	1,613,390	18,060	4,910	103,845	20,515
Education	144,100	138,495	3,060	460	2,090	3,285
13. Education	144,100	138,495	3,055	455	2,095	3,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	95,185	1,705	445	1,400	1,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,975	16,500	325	50	90	355
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	78,690	1,375	390	1,310	1,570
Humanities	124,600	118,770	2,295	935	2,600	2,760
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,230	13,440	530	320	945	690
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	33,950	285	140	335	355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	34,235	550	100	835	600
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	585	545	30	0	0	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	6,435	135	30	115	145
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,280	12,025	90	10	145	100
54. History	15,775	15,295	240	40	205	260
55. French language and literature/letters	3,585	2,840	425	295	25	570
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,995	238,400	3,680	1,180	2,725	4,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	3,945	90	35	45	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	22,320	465	125	270	525
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	36,855	525	95	595	575
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	37,305	500	185	515	590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	4,330	4,220	80	25	10	95
42. Psychology	43,230	42,375	630	160	60	710
45. Social sciences	94,565	91,385	1,390	555	1,230	1,670
Business, management and public administration	426,460	411,780	6,180	1,740	6,755	7,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	770	760	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	25,925	435	50	110	460
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	385,095	5,735	1,690	6,640	6,580
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	82,960	1,495	610	1,355	1,800
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,755	35,720	585	280	175	725
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	18,455	245	85	240	290
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	830	805	25	10	0	25
40. Physical sciences	26,370	24,675	575	235	885	695
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	3,295	55	20	60	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,065	77,165	1,125	535	1,240	1,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	60,850	895	390	655	1,090
25. Library science	5,560	5,400	70	25	60	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,870	10,115	135	105	520	190
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	840	805	20	10	0	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	413,220	6,490	1,620	6,340	7,300
04. Architecture and related services	15,485	14,690	225	155	410	305
14. Engineering	98,450	92,455	1,480	1,000	3,510	1,985
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	66,315	1,065	130	985	1,135
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	85	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,765	98,525	1,570	145	535	1,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	95,615	1,430	115	560	1,485
48. Precision production	46,660	45,540	720	70	340	755
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	48,660	895	130	530	960
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	24,035	405	85	425	450
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	24,620	495	45	105	515
Health and related fields	322,715	314,975	3,935	995	2,815	4,430
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	23,065	355	70	250	395
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	283,995	3,415	830	2,405	3,830
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	7,915	160	95	155	205
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	118,830	2,450	215	1,355	2,560
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	76,980	1,475	140	1,140	1,545
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	295	15	10	0	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,110	80	0	45	85
43. Security and protective services	13,935	13,540	345	15	45	350
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	26,900	535	60	130	560
Other	350	330	15	10	0	15
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	330	10	10	0	20
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	3,870,380	3,672,160	51,375	13,785	133,065	58,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,200	1,613,385	18,060	4,910	103,845	20,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	2,130,175	2,058,770	33,315	8,870	29,220	37,750
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,545	1,592,880	27,275	3,855	1,540	29,205
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	1,229,085	10,725	2,640	1,450	12,045
Different than province or territory of residence	381,640	363,790	16,550	1,210	90	17,160
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	504,625	465,895	6,035	5,020	27,680	8,545
United States^Footnote 130	74,035	72,865	720	300	145	870
Philippines	56,845	56,730	25	25	65	35
India	44,115	42,500	30	60	1,525	60
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	58,830	58,335	305	135	50	375
China^Footnote 132	61,840	44,560	35	180	17,065	120
France	4,380	920	3,065	385	15	3,255
Other	204,585	189,985	1,860	3,925	8,815	3,820
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,780	133,060	not applicable ...
In the labour force	2,471,665	2,389,605	32,510	8,385	41,165	not applicable ...
Employed	2,305,690	2,231,610	30,170	7,650	36,260	not applicable ...
Unemployed	165,975	157,995	2,340	735	4,905	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	1,282,545	18,865	5,400	91,895	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.9	65.1	63.3	60.8	30.9	not applicable ...
Employment rate	59.6	60.8	58.7	55.5	27.3	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.6	7.2	8.8	11.9	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	3,870,375	3,672,155	51,375	13,785	133,060	58,270
Did not work^Footnote 135	1,290,240	1,178,260	17,360	4,975	89,645	19,845
Worked	2,580,140	2,493,895	34,020	8,810	43,415	38,420
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	1,183,405	1,152,015	15,375	3,100	12,920	16,925
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	1,396,735	1,341,880	18,640	5,715	30,495	21,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.9	41.7	38.1	37.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	2,670,700	2,580,075	35,020	9,355	46,250	39,695
a.Management	292,135	282,030	4,030	850	5,225	4,455
00 Senior management occupations	29,470	28,180	465	110	715	515
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	91,140	88,540	1,395	305	900	1,550
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	103,550	99,920	1,280	265	2,085	1,410
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	67,975	65,385	890	175	1,530	980
b.Professional	461,785	449,600	7,835	2,465	1,890	9,070
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	86,015	84,070	980	345	625	1,155
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	95,380	92,525	1,630	810	420	2,035
30 Professional occupations in nursing	43,495	43,090	325	60	20	355
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	38,815	37,920	700	165	30	785
40 Professional occupations in education services	91,500	88,240	2,455	600	210	2,755
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	69,895	68,360	1,005	275	255	1,140
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	36,680	35,395	735	215	335	845
c.Technical and paraprofessional	271,935	264,935	4,565	1,135	1,295	5,135
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	77,355	75,475	1,250	300	325	1,400
32 Technical occupations in health	46,725	45,815	485	145	275	560
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	57,855	56,515	705	330	315	865
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	19,495	18,660	805	30	0	815
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70,505	68,475	1,325	335	375	1,490
d.Administration and administrative support	320,540	313,835	3,660	1,085	1,960	4,205
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	126,565	123,645	1,780	440	695	2,000
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	33,740	33,105	335	120	185	395
14 Office support occupations	117,205	114,950	1,095	420	745	1,305
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	43,040	42,135	450	105	345	505
e.Sales	271,580	264,440	2,305	1,060	3,780	2,835
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	62,450	61,170	600	180	495	690
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	127,120	123,780	1,155	545	1,645	1,425
66 Sales support occupations	82,010	79,485	550	335	1,645	715
f.Personal and customer information services	502,650	480,500	6,010	1,690	14,445	6,860
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	45,100	44,445	325	130	200	390
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	56,525	54,520	770	160	1,075	850
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	95,170	88,160	1,220	330	5,465	1,380
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	144,330	139,195	2,045	565	2,520	2,330
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	161,520	154,180	1,655	505	5,180	1,910
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	211,515	205,200	2,980	360	2,975	3,160
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	143,175	138,315	2,170	270	2,425	2,305
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	68,340	66,890	810	95	545	855
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	179,130	173,255	1,985	395	3,495	2,185
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	43,425	41,975	385	115	945	445
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	98,770	96,135	1,135	210	1,285	1,240
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	36,935	35,140	455	70	1,265	490
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	75,135	68,375	1,005	100	5,655	1,050
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	18,805	18,180	275	20	335	285
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	24,630	21,320	280	35	2,990	300
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	31,695	28,870	445	45	2,335	470
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	84,295	77,905	645	210	5,530	755
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	14,420	14,155	130	20	115	145
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	26,705	24,340	240	85	2,040	280
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	13,300	12,510	120	40	635	140
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	29,865	26,900	160	70	2,745	190
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	2,670,700	2,580,070	35,020	9,355	46,255	39,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	74,915	67,950	965	170	5,830	1,050
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	43,465	37,540	450	130	5,345	515
113 Forestry and logging	18,435	18,095	290	20	35	300
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	5,195	4,925	45	10	225	40
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	7,820	7,400	185	20	220	195
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	28,635	28,110	425	40	65	445
211 Oil and gas extraction	6,490	6,335	110	20	20	120
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	11,130	10,930	155	20	30	165
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	11,020	10,845	160	0	15	155
22 Utilities	13,220	13,050	115	30	25	130
221 Utilities	13,220	13,045	120	30	20	130
23 Construction	217,700	209,805	2,945	465	4,485	3,180
236 Construction of buildings	68,150	65,290	980	175	1,700	1,070
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	22,125	21,665	280	30	145	295
238 Specialty trade contractors	127,425	122,845	1,680	260	2,630	1,810
31-33 Manufacturing	169,995	161,255	1,875	595	6,265	2,175
311 Food manufacturing	27,310	24,425	245	130	2,515	310
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	5,665	5,520	85	10	50	90
313 Textile mills	425	350	0	0	70	10
314 Textile product mills	1,180	1,105	10	0	65	10
315 Clothing manufacturing	3,210	2,245	15	15	930	20
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	240	220	10	0	10	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	27,645	26,875	240	35	495	255
322 Paper manufacturing	9,665	9,470	145	0	45	145
323 Printing and related support activities	6,225	5,995	75	10	135	80
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,335	1,290	25	0	20	20
325 Chemical manufacturing	6,345	6,085	70	80	115	105
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	5,585	5,330	45	10	200	45
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	6,945	6,730	85	10	120	90
331 Primary metal manufacturing	5,925	5,735	120	20	55	130
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	13,690	13,245	150	50	240	180
333 Machinery manufacturing	9,695	9,350	95	50	200	120
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	7,285	7,020	95	60	105	125
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	3,260	3,150	40	15	55	50
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	9,930	9,645	160	40	85	180
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	9,140	8,580	75	10	470	80
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	9,310	8,885	95	50	280	115
41 Wholesale trade	87,925	84,260	870	300	2,490	1,020
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,210	1,125	10	0	80	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	840	825	15	0	0	15
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	18,170	16,885	130	55	1,095	160
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	11,300	10,720	180	60	340	210
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	5,270	5,205	45	0	20	45
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	16,055	15,595	130	20	315	135
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	19,650	19,270	210	90	85	260
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	10,610	10,160	110	45	290	135
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	4,810	4,465	55	20	265	65
44-45 Retail trade	314,035	305,240	2,790	1,165	4,845	3,370
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	33,220	32,710	255	60	200	280
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	12,065	11,585	180	50	240	205
443 Electronics and appliance stores	12,010	11,735	120	65	80	155
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	20,445	20,035	205	40	160	225
445 Food and beverage stores	79,270	76,100	480	195	2,495	580
446 Health and personal care stores	31,275	30,555	225	170	325	315
447 Gasoline stations	9,025	8,870	50	25	85	65
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	37,880	36,705	455	280	445	590
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	15,410	15,045	200	40	115	225
452 General merchandise stores	32,060	31,450	280	130	200	345
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	19,980	19,460	185	60	280	210
454 Non-store retailers	11,390	10,980	150	45	210	175
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	138,250	134,600	1,915	395	1,335	2,110
481 Air transportation	12,810	12,270	460	50	30	485
482 Rail transportation	4,895	4,770	100	10	20	105
483 Water transportation	7,615	7,520	80	0	15	80
484 Truck transportation	35,815	34,780	370	55	615	395
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	20,525	20,030	270	90	140	315
486 Pipeline transportation	350	355	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	1,360	1,315	20	10	15	25
488 Support activities for transportation	26,515	25,960	325	85	145	370
491 Postal service	9,525	9,310	165	15	35	175
492 Couriers and messengers	9,670	9,415	95	25	130	110
493 Warehousing and storage	9,170	8,890	30	55	195	60
51 Information and cultural industries	72,740	70,900	1,235	265	345	1,360
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	14,670	14,205	245	55	170	270
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	24,550	23,815	575	90	65	625
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	3,935	3,770	135	0	30	135
517 Telecommunications	19,775	19,475	185	55	60	215
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	2,140	2,095	25	15	10	30
519 Other information services	7,665	7,540	60	55	10	90
52 Finance and insurance	100,265	97,935	1,025	415	885	1,235
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	44,915	44,175	385	180	180	470
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	19,720	18,915	170	110	520	225
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	35,165	34,395	465	120	185	525
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	460	440	0	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60,725	59,005	640	165	925	720
531 Real estate	53,095	51,520	545	145	875	620
532 Rental and leasing services	7,435	7,285	85	15	45	95
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	195	195	0	0	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,385	208,765	3,000	1,155	1,460	3,580
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,380	208,765	3,000	1,160	1,465	3,575
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,680	4,550	50	20	55	60
551 Management of companies and enterprises	4,680	4,550	50	25	55	65
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	122,675	117,435	1,780	510	2,940	2,035
561 Administrative and support services	115,550	110,430	1,745	500	2,880	1,995
562 Waste management and remediation services	7,120	7,010	35	10	65	45
61 Educational services	192,030	185,980	4,155	1,110	775	4,710
611 Educational services	192,025	185,985	4,155	1,115	780	4,710
62 Health care and social assistance	292,365	286,875	3,210	830	1,450	3,625
621 Ambulatory health care services	107,745	105,600	1,205	380	560	1,390
622 Hospitals	82,680	81,565	840	170	105	925
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	43,775	43,060	430	95	195	475
624 Social assistance	58,160	56,650	735	185	590	830
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	68,085	66,580	985	195	330	1,085
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	23,040	22,425	360	80	175	400
712 Heritage institutions	4,830	4,715	95	10	10	100
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	40,220	39,435	530	110	140	585
72 Accommodation and food services	235,515	223,420	2,615	825	8,650	3,025
721 Accommodation services	40,930	39,500	720	160	560	795
722 Food services and drinking places	194,580	183,920	1,900	670	8,095	2,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	124,830	120,095	1,470	285	2,990	1,610
811 Repair and maintenance	35,980	34,875	440	65	605	465
812 Personal and laundry services	42,295	40,375	440	100	1,380	490
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	32,730	31,740	470	105	410	525
814 Private households	13,825	13,105	120	10	580	130
91 Public administration	137,730	134,270	2,950	405	95	3,160
911 Federal government public administration	53,300	50,915	2,105	225	55	2,215
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	33,755	33,340	350	60	10	380
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	44,480	43,875	465	110	25	520
914 Aboriginal public administration	5,735	5,705	25	10	0	25
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	460	435	10	10	10	15
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	2,305,690	2,231,615	30,170	7,645	36,260	33,990
Worked at home	196,510	189,775	3,060	715	2,955	3,415
Worked outside Canada	16,040	13,540	195	120	2,190	255
No fixed workplace address	326,180	313,425	4,625	860	7,275	5,050
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	1,714,875	22,290	5,955	23,845	25,270
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	2,670,700	2,580,075	35,020	9,355	46,250	39,700
English	2,531,850	2,485,165	30,300	7,950	8,440	34,275
French	6,140	2,895	3,060	185	10	3,150
Non-official language	84,500	48,960	100	375	35,065	295
Aboriginal	255	245	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	84,250	48,715	95	380	35,060	285
English and French	4,210	2,380	1,410	405	10	1,615
English and non-official language	43,480	40,340	65	340	2,735	230
French and non-official language	55	35	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	465	295	75	90	0	120
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	2,670,705	2,580,075	35,020	9,355	46,255	39,700
None	2,498,070	2,429,155	24,505	7,390	37,030	28,195
English	36,500	28,890	2,175	365	5,075	2,355
French	22,470	14,050	7,835	570	10	8,125
Non-official language	110,375	105,295	260	850	3,965	685
Aboriginal	1,855	1,845	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	103,450	250	850	3,965	675
English and French	60	35	10	15	0	15
English and non-official language	1,155	950	25	10	165	35
French and non-official language	2,070	1,695	215	160	0	295
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,960	1,714,875	22,290	5,955	23,845	25,270
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	837,695	11,195	2,615	12,910	12,500
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	785,020	9,755	3,080	9,985	11,295
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	79,675	1,025	180	875	1,110
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	12,490	315	85	75	355
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	2,093,140	2,028,295	26,910	6,820	31,115	30,325
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	1,437,220	17,445	3,290	17,625	19,090
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,575	107,740	1,185	410	5,245	1,390
Public transit	274,205	262,555	3,670	2,095	5,885	4,720
Walked	142,310	137,680	2,310	625	1,700	2,625
Bicycle	51,345	49,285	1,570	280	215	1,710
Other method	35,110	33,815	730	125	450	790
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	2,093,145	2,028,295	26,915	6,815	31,115	30,320
Less than 15 minutes	601,955	587,700	7,740	1,340	5,175	8,405
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	668,310	9,075	2,115	10,010	10,135
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	409,255	5,205	1,570	9,645	5,990
45 to 59 minutes	184,685	178,785	2,410	840	2,650	2,830
60 minutes and over	191,305	184,245	2,485	945	3,630	2,955
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	2,093,140	2,028,295	26,915	6,815	31,115	30,320
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,365	138,230	1,805	300	2,030	1,955
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	332,655	4,700	705	4,435	5,060
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,480	511,715	7,785	1,665	5,315	8,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	456,085	6,365	1,775	5,985	7,255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,190	278,785	3,150	1,185	9,060	3,740
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,395	310,825	3,105	1,180	4,290	3,695
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	4,516,810	4,297,220	55,050	17,610	146,940	63,855
Non-movers	3,811,370	3,631,785	44,835	14,290	120,465	51,980
Movers	705,445	665,435	10,215	3,320	26,475	11,875
Non-migrants	386,615	368,450	4,590	1,560	12,020	5,365
Migrants	318,820	296,980	5,630	1,760	14,455	6,510
Internal migrants	249,965	239,680	4,650	1,190	4,450	5,240
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	181,770	2,175	705	3,570	2,530
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	57,910	2,470	480	875	2,710
External migrants	68,865	57,305	985	575	10,005	1,265
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	4,339,960	4,132,735	53,975	17,305	135,945	62,630
Non-movers	2,490,540	2,379,945	28,080	8,860	73,655	32,510
Movers	1,849,425	1,752,795	25,895	8,445	62,285	30,120
Non-migrants	940,890	900,395	10,555	3,380	26,565	12,245
Migrants	908,535	852,400	15,345	5,065	35,720	17,875
Internal migrants	672,800	649,060	12,725	2,600	8,415	14,025
Intraprovincial migrants	503,690	489,510	5,725	1,535	6,915	6,490
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	159,550	7,000	1,065	1,500	7,530
External migrants	235,730	203,340	2,615	2,470	27,300	3,855

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.