Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Clarington, MU

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	91,190	82,990	1,595	220
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	91,190	82,990	1,595	220
0 to 14 years	17,130	16,555	145	90
0 to 4 years	5,585	5,450	35	20
5 to 9 years	5,785	5,595	55	30
10 to 14 years	5,760	5,510	65	40
15 to 64 years	62,020	56,445	1,070	120
15 to 19 years	6,135	5,890	80	25
20 to 24 years	5,945	5,695	35	10
25 to 29 years	5,405	5,125	50	20
30 to 34 years	6,220	5,710	80	10
35 to 39 years	6,240	5,715	80	25
40 to 44 years	6,215	5,510	150	0
45 to 49 years	6,490	5,765	165	0
50 to 54 years	7,860	6,955	165	10
55 to 59 years	6,510	5,750	145	10
60 to 64 years	5,005	4,320	115	0
65 years and over	12,045	9,990	375	10
65 to 69 years	4,290	3,625	145	0
70 to 74 years	3,190	2,705	115	0
75 to 79 years	2,255	1,785	75	0
80 to 84 years	1,375	1,075	30	0
85 years and over	935	795	15	0
85 to 89 years	610	520	15	10
90 to 94 years	285	240	0	0
95 to 99 years	40	40	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0
Average age	38.6	37.5	48.1	25.7
Median age	38.8	37.1	50.2	19.2
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	74,065	66,430	1,450	130
Married or living common law	46,660	40,965	1,060	65
Married	39,215	34,030	850	50
Living common law	7,445	6,935	210	15
Not married and not living common law	27,405	25,470	390	65
Never married	18,460	17,555	190	65
Separated	2,175	2,000	50	0
Divorced	3,705	3,315	85	0
Widowed	3,070	2,600	70	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	74,065	66,435	1,450	130
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,700	63,260	1,415	120
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,751	51,035	54,898	34,140
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,805	42,316	46,961	31,079
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	70,735	63,290	1,415	115
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,767	41,956	45,245	30,117
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,938	37,280	42,166	29,919
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	65,805	59,050	1,330	105
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,407	49,746	52,315	31,857
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,288	39,895	44,697	26,597
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,270	42,975	915	95
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,975	6,773	8,975	7,861
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,900	3,599	8,398	5,323
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,070	51,585	1,075	90
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,302	48,669	54,308	31,525
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,719	40,229	49,753	30,049
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.6	91.0	89.2	81.6
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.8	77.8	75.5	72.3
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.4	9.0	10.6	18.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	74,065	66,430	1,450	130
Without total income	3,365	3,175	35	15
With total income	70,700	63,255	1,415	120
Percentage with total income	95.5	95.2	97.6	92.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,320	8,490	145	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	9,735	8,675	155	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	7,455	6,345	170	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	7,520	6,595	115	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	7,575	6,760	160	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475	5,815	115	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	4,635	115	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	3,895	3,560	85	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	3,215	55	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	3,115	2,790	115	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	7,045	6,360	185	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 to $149,999	5,320	4,795	150	too unreliable to be published F
$150,000 and over	1,730	1,565	30	too unreliable to be published F
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	74,065	66,430	1,450	130
Without after-tax income	3,325	3,145	35	10
With after-tax income	70,740	63,290	1,415	120
Percentage with after-tax income	95.5	95.3	97.6	92.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,665	8,780	155	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	10,190	9,080	160	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	9,025	7,760	205	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	9,445	8,330	135	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	9,055	8,060	195	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	6,940	6,330	160	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	5,095	4,695	85	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	4,260	3,880	145	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	7,075	6,350	180	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,760	2,480	80	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,550	1,400	40	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	2,760	2,470	65	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	74,060	66,430	1,450	130
Without employment income	16,990	14,850	370	45
With employment income	57,075	51,580	1,080	90
Percentage with employment income	77.1	77.6	74.5	69.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,455	7,495	175	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	4,115	3,800	55	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	6,100	5,515	80	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	4,815	4,185	75	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	5,195	4,675	85	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	4,795	4,380	75	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	4,735	4,315	70	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	3,935	3,565	75	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	3,355	3,080	75	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	11,575	10,570	315	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	2,770	70	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	2,500	85	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	5,860	5,305	165	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	74,065	66,430	1,450	130
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	29,000	26,465	610	30
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	61,686	61,858	75,181	0
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	68,625	68,831	74,447	52,631
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	91,190	82,985	1,600	220
English only	84,205	78,230	125	65
French only	10	0	15	0
English and French	6,680	4,740	1,460	155
Neither English nor French	300	15	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	91,190	82,990	1,595	220
English	87,420	82,465	1,070	150
French	525	10	470	15
Non-official language	1,960	105	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,965	105	0	0
English and French	160	65	50	40
English and non-official language	1,105	350	0	10
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	91,190	82,985	1,600	215
None	86,490	81,690	845	165
English	1,250	75	280	15
French	1,210	715	425	40
Non-official language	2,200	490	30	0
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,195	485	30	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	0	10	0
French and non-official language	30	20	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	91,190	82,990	1,595	215
English	89,275	82,985	125	160
French	1,515	0	1,470	15
English and French	115	0	0	45
Neither English nor French	280	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	1,580	0	1,470	40
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.7	0.0	92.2	18.6
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	91,190	82,985	1,595	220
Official languages	90,890	82,970	1,595	220
English	90,880	82,970	1,585	215
French	6,685	4,740	1,470	155
Non-official languages	8,420	2,285	120	15
Aboriginal languages	15	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,405	2,275	120	10
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	91,190	82,985	1,595	220
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	2,325	2,165	130	30
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	2,220	2,070	115	30
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	1,260	1,215	20	25
Métis	940	835	100	0
Inuk (Inuit)	15	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	50	45	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	60	50	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	88,865	80,820	1,470	190
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	91,190	82,990	1,600	220
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	560	530	25	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,630	82,455	1,570	215
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	91,190	82,985	1,595	220
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	270	265	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	270	270	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	150	145	0	0
Métis single ancestry	120	125	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	3,680	3,460	180	35
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	3,535	3,345	150	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,480	2,400	45	30
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,010	905	105	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	145	115	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	115	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	87,240	79,260	1,410	185
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	91,190	82,985	1,595	220
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	89,200	81,820	1,585	215
Canadian citizens only	87,280	80,615	1,570	205
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,920	1,205	15	10
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	1,985	1,170	10	0
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	91,190	82,990	1,595	220
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	79,890	76,660	1,475	205
Immigrants^Footnote 44	11,050	6,235	120	10
Before 1981	5,940	3,845	35	0
1981 to 1990	1,645	870	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,545	685	20	0
2001 to 2010	1,455	645	60	10
2001 to 2005	740	310	15	10
2006 to 2010	715	335	40	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	455	185	0	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	255	95	0	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	11,045	6,235	120	15
Under 5 years	1,670	1,175	30	0
5 to 14 years	2,445	1,480	15	15
15 to 24 years	2,835	1,480	35	0
25 to 44 years	3,710	1,915	45	0
45 years and over	390	175	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	11,045	6,235	125	15
Americas	2,395	1,925	20	10
Brazil	30	0	0	0
Colombia	105	0	0	0
El Salvador	40	0	0	0
Guyana	365	365	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	535	535	0	0
Mexico	70	10	0	0
Peru	35	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	295	295	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	510	465	15	10
Other places of birth in Americas	395	250	10	0
Europe	6,400	3,725	30	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0
Croatia	50	0	0	0
France	35	0	15	0
Germany	355	90	0	0
Greece	75	0	0	0
Hungary	110	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	125	120	0	0
Italy	415	35	0	0
Netherlands	605	90	0	0
Poland	460	50	0	0
Portugal	265	20	0	0
Romania	125	15	0	0
Russian Federation	55	10	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	70	10	0	0
Ukraine	70	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	3,230	3,180	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	355	65	10	0
Africa	415	155	55	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	15	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	0	0
Kenya	35	10	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0
Nigeria	15	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	80	75	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	215	45	55	0
Asia	1,765	375	10	10
Afghanistan	65	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	140	25	0	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	55	15	0	0
India	305	125	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	35	10	0	0
Iraq	25	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	75	0	0	0
Lebanon	65	15	0	0
Pakistan	125	30	0	0
Philippines	360	40	0	0
Sri Lanka	155	35	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	55	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	70	60	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	450	185	0	0
Americas	125	50	0	0
Brazil	15	0	0	0
Colombia	40	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0
Mexico	15	10	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	30	25	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0
Europe	85	65	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	55	60	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0
Asia	205	55	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	35	10	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	55	25	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	10	0	0
Philippines	65	10	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	10	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	91,195	82,990	1,600	220
First generation^Footnote 73	11,635	6,640	120	15
Second generation^Footnote 74	18,280	16,615	130	90
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	61,270	59,730	1,345	115
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	5,285	2,470	85	10
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	2,340	1,285	50	10
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	905	445	30	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	1,430	835	20	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	2,115	1,075	15	0
Refugees^Footnote 81	790	85	15	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	40	30	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	91,190	82,985	1,595	220
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	7,225	4,825	125	70
South Asian^Footnote 85	1,540	960	20	15
Chinese	505	305	0	10
Black	2,495	2,215	85	45
Filipino	590	255	0	0
Latin American	575	105	10	0
Arab	280	110	0	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	220	75	10	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	150	45	0	0
Korean	105	30	0	0
Japanese	90	75	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	345	315	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	340	330	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	83,970	78,165	1,470	150
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	91,195	82,990	1,595	215
North American Aboriginal origins	3,955	3,725	185	35
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,780	2,660	85	35
Inuit	45	45	0	0
Métis	1,275	1,135	140	0
Other North American origins	33,585	32,530	800	95
Acadian	115	100	15	0
American	945	905	15	0
Canadian	32,845	31,820	785	90
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	100	100	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0
Ontarian	10	15	0	0
Québécois	45	40	10	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	70,015	64,555	1,110	125
British Isles origins	52,960	52,560	235	75
Channel Islander	10	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	31,410	31,225	110	25
Irish	22,160	21,980	105	45
Manx	10	10	0	0
Scottish	22,505	22,375	80	25
Welsh	2,245	2,215	20	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	3,470	3,460	0	0
French origins	9,920	8,750	990	70
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	9,920	8,750	990	70
Western European origins (except French origins)	15,545	14,220	140	35
Austrian	685	625	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	270	230	30	0
Dutch	6,425	5,785	15	0
Flemish	45	45	0	0
Frisian	35	20	0	0
German	9,020	8,390	80	25
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	420	385	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,145	2,060	10	0
Danish	465	435	0	0
Finnish	465	430	0	0
Icelandic	190	190	0	0
Norwegian	410	410	0	0
Swedish	565	555	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	160	155	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,325	7,865	40	15
Bulgarian	25	25	0	0
Byelorussian	50	40	0	0
Czech	170	160	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	105	100	0	0
Estonian	90	60	0	0
Hungarian	940	715	0	0
Latvian	85	80	0	0
Lithuanian	115	105	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	0	0
Polish	3,865	3,115	20	10
Romanian	320	205	10	0
Russian	900	755	10	0
Slovak	270	235	0	0
Ukrainian	3,700	3,410	15	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	9,425	7,580	100	20
Albanian	70	35	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	330	240	0	0
Cypriot	20	25	0	0
Greek	780	610	0	15
Italian	4,775	3,975	60	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	360	265	0	0
Maltese	585	560	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,680	1,295	20	0
Serbian	175	100	0	0
Sicilian	60	65	0	0
Slovenian	135	105	0	0
Spanish	955	690	20	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	195	185	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	430	375	0	0
Basque	15	10	0	0
Jewish	170	125	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	240	240	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,720	2,640	25	10
Antiguan	25	25	0	0
Bahamian	20	25	0	0
Barbadian	230	230	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0
Carib	15	15	0	0
Cuban	30	20	0	0
Dominican	50	25	10	0
Grenadian	130	125	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	10	15	0
Jamaican	1,530	1,510	10	15
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	45	45	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	390	390	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	50	50	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	400	375	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	75	70	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,525	1,030	15	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	0	0
Arawak	15	10	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	50	40	0	0
Chilean	45	30	10	0
Colombian	150	45	0	0
Costa Rican	0	10	0	0
Ecuadorian	65	20	0	0
Guatemalan	45	30	0	0
Guyanese	595	585	0	10
Hispanic	30	25	0	0
Honduran	10	10	0	0
Maya	25	20	10	0
Mexican	260	80	0	0
Nicaraguan	30	15	0	0
Panamanian	30	25	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	70	45	0	0
Salvadorean	65	45	0	0
Uruguayan	30	30	0	0
Venezuelan	35	15	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	40	25	0	0
African origins	1,160	855	85	20
Central and West African origins	225	80	60	20
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	0	10	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	20	0	20	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	75	10	40	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	55	25	0	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	0	15
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	40	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0
North African origins	160	100	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	75	45	0	0
Libyan	15	20	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	15	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	15	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	35	20	0	0
Southern and East African origins	310	205	10	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	15	10	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	0	0	0
Ethiopian	35	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	25	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	10	0	0
South African	160	160	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	20	15	0	10
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	10	0	0	0
Other African origins	530	480	25	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	115	100	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	450	420	15	0
Asian origins	4,655	2,930	45	30
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	935	520	10	10
Afghan	170	60	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	110	60	0	0
Armenian	50	30	10	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	75	40	0	10
Iraqi	50	25	0	0
Israeli	0	10	0	0
Jordanian	35	20	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	0	0	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	300	230	0	0
Palestinian	70	20	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	25	15	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	15	0	0
Turk	45	15	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	35	15	0	0
South Asian origins	1,905	1,360	30	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,415	1,140	30	10
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	170	55	0	0
Punjabi	20	10	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	200	95	0	0
Tamil	85	30	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	70	40	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,930	1,165	10	0
Burmese	20	20	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0
Chinese	785	555	0	0
Filipino	675	335	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	35	0	0
Japanese	115	105	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	105	40	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	50	40	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Thai	30	20	0	0
Tibetan	35	10	0	0
Vietnamese	130	40	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	150	150	0	0
Australian	95	100	0	0
New Zealander	55	55	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	74,065	66,430	1,450	125
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,380	10,955	275	10
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	21,735	19,955	295	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,945	35,525	880	90
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,465	4,730	135	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	2,220	1,890	45	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	3,245	2,840	90	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	21,825	19,900	435	40
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,260	1,040	45	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	11,395	9,850	265	40
Bachelor's degree	8,480	7,475	170	25
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	790	25	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	180	0	0
Master's degree	1,630	1,300	55	15
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	120	105	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	74,060	66,430	1,450	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	34,120	30,910	575	40
Education	2,525	2,240	110	10
13. Education	2,520	2,240	105	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,370	1,240	30	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	290	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	950	20	0
Humanities	1,465	1,290	35	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	125	80	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	435	395	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	295	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	70	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	165	10	0
54. History	215	210	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	75	55	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,905	4,420	70	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	30	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	555	15	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,110	985	15	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,020	950	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	100	90	0	0
42. Psychology	770	675	10	10
45. Social sciences	1,255	1,130	30	0
Business, management and public administration	7,355	6,520	175	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	880	820	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,480	5,705	160	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	840	35	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	355	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	225	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	245	180	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	65	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,185	970	25	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	970	785	15	0
25. Library science	35	30	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	140	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	15	15	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,315	8,070	215	10
04. Architecture and related services	175	170	0	0
14. Engineering	930	685	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,505	2,195	50	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,035	1,830	60	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,430	2,115	85	0
48. Precision production	1,240	1,085	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	705	645	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	400	360	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	285	10	0
Health and related fields	6,755	6,190	110	10
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	670	650	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,035	5,500	105	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	50	40	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,370	3,075	65	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,370	1,205	30	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,545	1,445	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	420	0	0
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	15	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	74,060	66,435	1,450	130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,120	30,915	570	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	39,940	35,520	880	90
Location of study inside Canada	36,640	33,555	825	80
Same as province or territory of residence	34,705	31,965	615	80
Different than province or territory of residence	1,935	1,595	210	0
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	3,300	1,960	50	0
United States^Footnote 132	785	685	10	10
Philippines	165	20	0	0
India	105	40	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	905	865	10	0
China^Footnote 134	40	0	0	0
France	15	0	10	0
Other	1,290	345	25	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	74,065	66,430	1,445	130
In the labour force	51,440	46,770	895	65
Employed	47,655	43,275	855	60
Unemployed	3,790	3,490	40	10
Not in the labour force	22,620	19,665	550	65
Participation rate	69.5	70.4	61.9	50.0
Employment rate	64.3	65.1	59.2	46.2
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.5	4.5	15.4
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	74,060	66,435	1,450	130
Did not work^Footnote 137	21,140	18,335	515	45
Worked	52,925	48,095	935	85
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	29,520	26,930	620	30
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	23,405	21,165	310	60
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	43.9	46.2	39.5
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	54,170	49,225	945	90
a.Management	5,450	4,885	80	0
00 Senior management occupations	375	365	0	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,725	1,535	60	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,870	1,650	10	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,480	1,335	10	10
b.Professional	8,150	7,215	255	20
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,335	1,180	55	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,335	1,075	20	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,210	1,115	45	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	500	425	10	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	2,420	2,165	105	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	990	915	20	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	360	345	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	6,420	5,915	95	15
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,585	1,420	25	10
32 Technical occupations in health	1,240	1,125	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,455	1,345	25	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	980	930	25	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,160	1,095	20	10
d.Administration and administrative support	6,770	6,235	80	20
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,980	2,725	35	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	560	510	15	0
14 Office support occupations	2,250	2,090	25	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	975	915	10	0
e.Sales	5,180	4,815	100	10
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,210	1,125	20	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	2,365	2,190	45	10
66 Sales support occupations	1,600	1,505	35	0
f.Personal and customer information services	8,775	7,915	135	15
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	900	830	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,045	950	25	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,190	1,030	20	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	2,505	2,225	55	0
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,140	2,875	30	0
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,285	4,840	105	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,230	2,945	70	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,060	1,895	35	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	3,735	3,420	45	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,000	930	10	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,885	1,710	30	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	845	785	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	985	825	10	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	160	150	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	375	250	10	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	445	420	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,415	3,155	40	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,020	945	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	560	530	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,280	1,175	20	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	550	510	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	54,170	49,220	940	90
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	940	765	20	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	880	700	20	0
113 Forestry and logging	10	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	55	60	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	125	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	30	25	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	60	60	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	35	30	0	0
22 Utilities	2,265	2,065	60	0
221 Utilities	2,265	2,065	60	0
23 Construction	4,960	4,530	90	10
236 Construction of buildings	1,250	1,120	15	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	545	525	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,160	2,890	75	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,090	4,610	65	0
311 Food manufacturing	165	155	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	65	60	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	20	15	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	15	15	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	95	85	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	270	260	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	300	275	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	20	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	210	205	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	245	215	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	160	145	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	305	285	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	365	320	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	300	270	10	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	150	130	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	105	100	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,965	1,750	35	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	105	85	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	235	220	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,600	1,475	30	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	15	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	20	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	245	225	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	165	155	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	150	145	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	320	305	10	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	390	350	10	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	240	225	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	45	40	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,900	5,450	55	10
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	865	780	10	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	260	245	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	160	140	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	495	470	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,345	1,205	20	0
446 Health and personal care stores	565	505	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	100	95	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	515	490	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	210	210	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	840	795	10	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	355	345	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	180	170	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,320	2,120	40	0
481 Air transportation	45	40	0	0
482 Rail transportation	145	130	15	0
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	665	580	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	545	505	10	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	310	295	0	0
491 Postal service	180	180	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	160	150	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	275	230	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,090	1,020	10	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	280	265	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	95	85	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	145	145	10	0
517 Telecommunications	435	400	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	20	10	0	0
519 Other information services	120	115	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,020	1,775	60	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,050	900	30	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	245	225	20	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	725	650	15	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	890	765	10	0
531 Real estate	685	580	10	0
532 Rental and leasing services	200	185	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,120	2,810	75	15
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,120	2,810	75	20
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	55	10	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	55	55	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	2,205	40	0
561 Administrative and support services	2,265	2,050	40	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	180	150	0	0
61 Educational services	4,415	3,990	150	20
611 Educational services	4,420	3,995	145	15
62 Health care and social assistance	6,585	5,985	110	20
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,085	1,865	25	0
622 Hospitals	1,910	1,750	50	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,250	1,145	15	10
624 Social assistance	1,335	1,225	20	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,230	1,175	10	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	250	240	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	115	110	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	865	825	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,325	3,010	30	0
721 Accommodation services	285	225	20	0
722 Food services and drinking places	3,045	2,780	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,240	1,965	30	0
811 Repair and maintenance	720	645	10	0
812 Personal and laundry services	845	710	10	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	535	490	10	0
814 Private households	140	120	0	0
91 Public administration	3,560	3,340	65	0
911 Federal government public administration	450	405	10	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	740	700	20	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,365	2,235	35	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	47,655	43,280	855	55
Worked at home	2,960	2,640	65	0
Worked outside Canada	60	55	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,450	4,925	75	0
Worked at usual place	39,180	35,660	715	55
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	54,170	49,225	945	90
English	53,475	49,030	735	70
French	265	100	125	10
Non-official language	175	10	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	175	0	0	0
English and French	185	75	80	15
English and non-official language	65	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	54,170	49,225	945	90
None	53,090	48,720	665	70
English	200	60	90	0
French	595	365	180	15
Non-official language	280	80	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	275	80	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	39,180	35,660	715	55
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,025	9,970	190	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,320	16,895	295	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,715	8,685	235	30
Commute to a different province or territory	115	105	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	44,625	40,580	790	55
Car, truck, van - as a driver	38,020	34,725	670	40
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,625	2,295	40	0
Public transit	2,365	2,105	55	10
Walked	1,120	1,020	20	0
Bicycle	95	85	0	0
Other method	400	355	0	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	44,630	40,585	790	50
Less than 15 minutes	10,010	9,055	165	10
15 to 29 minutes	14,485	13,340	215	15
30 to 44 minutes	8,520	7,805	135	0
45 to 59 minutes	3,725	3,400	75	0
60 minutes and over	7,895	6,980	200	25
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	44,630	40,580	790	55
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,290	4,850	105	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,645	8,750	175	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,825	9,815	225	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,305	6,610	120	0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,900	3,470	50	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,660	7,085	120	0
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	90,190	81,990	1,595	215
Non-movers	81,385	74,060	1,450	190
Movers	8,800	7,930	145	30
Non-migrants	3,640	3,410	50	25
Migrants	5,160	4,520	90	10
Internal migrants	4,995	4,410	95	0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	4,180	65	0
Interprovincial migrants	290	230	25	0
External migrants	170	110	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	85,610	77,535	1,565	195
Non-movers	56,020	50,900	1,040	125
Movers	29,590	26,640	525	70
Non-migrants	12,995	12,105	185	40
Migrants	16,590	14,535	340	30
Internal migrants	16,100	14,245	340	30
Intraprovincial migrants	15,455	13,730	290	25
Interprovincial migrants	645	510	40	10
External migrants	490	295	10	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Clarington, MU

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.