Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Mississauga, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	715,470	362,040	7,665	3,060
0 to 14 years	120,710	80,610	900	1,050
0 to 4 years	35,320	23,540	165	155
5 to 9 years	41,545	28,030	345	380
10 to 14 years	43,845	29,040	385	520
15 to 64 years	497,635	240,835	5,510	1,770
15 to 19 years	48,870	31,440	370	305
20 to 24 years	53,525	33,025	430	285
25 to 29 years	47,085	26,155	410	200
30 to 34 years	44,460	21,865	435	160
35 to 39 years	45,035	19,510	490	175
40 to 44 years	48,450	19,610	650	160
45 to 49 years	54,695	21,990	670	155
50 to 54 years	59,700	25,275	705	150
55 to 59 years	53,410	23,880	755	100
60 to 64 years	42,415	18,080	595	80
65 years and over	97,130	40,595	1,255	240
65 to 69 years	34,210	14,970	435	65
70 to 74 years	24,085	10,320	325	85
75 to 79 years	17,490	6,670	260	40
80 to 84 years	11,945	4,605	125	15
85 years and over	9,395	4,030	100	35
85 to 89 years	6,640	2,780	85	25
90 to 94 years	2,265	1,050	10	15
95 to 99 years	430	170	0	0
100 years and over	50	25	10	0
Average age	39.4	35.4	44.1	29.3
Median age	39.8	32.2	46.1	22.8
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	594,765	281,430	6,770	2,010
Married or living common law	343,865	131,680	4,165	940
Married	317,910	115,205	3,560	785
Living common law	25,950	16,475	610	150
Not married and not living common law	250,900	149,750	2,595	1,075
Never married	180,745	115,750	1,645	920
Separated	14,690	7,585	180	25
Divorced	29,410	16,085	445	60
Widowed	26,055	10,335	325	65
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	594,765	281,430	6,765	2,010
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	561,270	264,225	6,465	1,815
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,267	50,934	61,310	42,539
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,197	35,821	45,295	31,916
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	561,375	264,295	6,470	1,815
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,373	41,083	48,587	35,379
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,863	32,294	40,275	30,393
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	495,780	242,390	5,900	1,630
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,223	51,023	61,877	43,401
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,097	35,108	45,955	32,963
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	399,795	182,210	4,345	1,300
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,230	5,986	7,289	5,129
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,058	1,601	3,889	1,474
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	420,845	208,665	5,005	1,425
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,176	50,474	62,537	44,052
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,657	36,052	48,157	34,501
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.2	91.9	92.0	91.4
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	78.1	78.3	78.9	81.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.8	8.1	8.0	8.6
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	594,765	281,435	6,770	2,010
Without total income	33,495	17,205	305	195
With total income	561,270	264,230	6,470	1,815
Percentage with total income	94.4	93.9	95.6	90.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	103,390	45,780	795	350
$10,000 to $19,999	98,450	41,050	865	310
$20,000 to $29,999	70,840	30,065	715	225
$30,000 to $39,999	57,665	26,560	465	160
$40,000 to $49,999	51,395	24,920	675	150
$50,000 to $59,999	41,445	21,685	680	155
$60,000 to $69,999	32,515	17,060	430	125
$70,000 to $79,999	24,800	13,220	350	115
$80,000 to $89,999	19,445	10,045	285	65
$90,000 to $99,999	15,985	8,280	290	40
$100,000 and over	45,350	25,575	920	125
$100,000 to $149,999	30,320	16,065	580	85
$150,000 and over	15,030	9,510	335	40
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	594,765	281,430	6,765	2,015
Without after-tax income	33,390	17,135	300	195
With after-tax income	561,375	264,300	6,470	1,820
Percentage with after-tax income	94.4	93.9	95.6	90.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,995	46,730	820	355
$10,000 to $19,999	102,295	42,670	900	325
$20,000 to $29,999	81,920	35,360	840	215
$30,000 to $39,999	68,960	32,785	645	245
$40,000 to $49,999	60,080	30,385	870	180
$50,000 to $59,999	43,685	22,930	625	210
$60,000 to $69,999	30,930	15,990	470	100
$70,000 to $79,999	23,250	12,095	360	70
$80,000 and over	45,255	25,355	930	115
$80,000 to $89,999	14,825	7,715	290	20
$90,000 to $99,999	8,765	4,535	160	35
$100,000 and over	21,665	13,110	475	60
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	594,765	281,430	6,765	2,010
Without employment income	173,920	72,765	1,765	585
With employment income	420,840	208,665	5,005	1,425
Percentage with employment income	70.8	74.1	74.0	70.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	53,495	28,905	525	215
$5,000 to $9,999	34,200	17,125	265	90
$10,000 to $19,999	57,375	26,555	485	205
$20,000 to $29,999	45,030	19,565	430	160
$30,000 to $39,999	42,825	19,955	405	95
$40,000 to $49,999	39,620	19,175	505	145
$50,000 to $59,999	33,305	17,070	510	140
$60,000 to $69,999	26,195	13,335	330	80
$70,000 to $79,999	20,410	10,425	310	95
$80,000 and over	68,390	36,550	1,250	200
$80,000 to $89,999	16,795	8,530	215	35
$90,000 to $99,999	13,880	6,975	290	35
$100,000 and over	37,710	21,035	745	125
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	594,765	281,430	6,770	2,010
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	201,835	100,935	2,660	630
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	54,892	57,543	67,091	56,246
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,998	73,348	86,824	67,050
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
English only	637,665	336,470	550	505
French only	600	35	305	25
English and French	51,630	25,195	6,795	2,525
Neither English nor French	25,580	335	20	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
English	435,775	324,710	3,970	1,470
French	3,210	245	2,400	210
Non-official language	187,075	9,105	350	210
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	187,070	9,105	345	210
English and French	1,485	425	405	490
English and non-official language	85,975	27,015	150	320
French and non-official language	325	0	150	45
English, French and non-official language	1,630	545	240	320
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,065
None	520,475	326,490	3,890	2,010
English	84,580	5,425	1,290	220
French	5,660	2,750	1,700	420
Non-official language	101,385	26,860	565	225
Aboriginal	15	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	101,370	26,855	565	220
English and French	540	35	45	55
English and non-official language	1,790	140	70	20
French and non-official language	1,010	340	100	110
English, French and non-official language	35	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
English	674,375	362,000	545	1,865
French	8,085	35	7,115	270
English and French	7,800	0	0	925
Neither English nor French	25,215	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	11,985	35	7,120	730
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.7	0.0	92.9	23.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,065
Official languages	689,895	361,705	7,645	3,055
English	689,295	361,665	7,335	3,030
French	52,230	25,235	7,100	2,550
Non-official languages	426,200	86,930	2,640	1,570
Aboriginal languages	60	30	0	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	426,140	86,900	2,640	1,555
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,065
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	4,180	3,875	200	85
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	3,940	3,665	185	65
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	2,420	2,320	45	40
Métis	1,480	1,305	145	25
Inuk (Inuit)	40	40	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	100	80	10	20
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	140	135	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	711,295	358,160	7,460	2,980
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	1,265	1,205	30	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	714,205	360,835	7,630	3,050
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	540	470	45	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	520	445	45	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	420	380	10	10
Métis single ancestry	95	60	35	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	20	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	6,300	5,765	385	105
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	6,050	5,540	370	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,495	4,215	215	25
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,465	1,245	150	65
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	80	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	255	225	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	235	205	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	708,630	355,805	7,230	2,950
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	620,040	340,245	6,920	2,850
Canadian citizens only	548,940	323,105	6,115	2,445
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	71,105	17,145	810	405
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	95,430	21,790	740	215
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	320,750	258,750	4,680	1,885
Immigrants^Footnote 44	381,730	100,200	2,880	1,160
Before 1981	77,125	28,355	490	135
1981 to 1990	50,500	12,975	365	135
1991 to 2000	90,380	21,410	550	185
2001 to 2010	110,315	26,140	975	525
2001 to 2005	59,230	13,870	485	220
2006 to 2010	51,080	12,270	480	305
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	53,410	11,315	500	175
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	12,990	3,095	105	15
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	381,730	100,200	2,880	1,160
Under 5 years	34,375	15,735	320	275
5 to 14 years	66,605	23,145	510	260
15 to 24 years	76,645	19,860	505	150
25 to 44 years	164,845	34,795	1,290	385
45 years and over	39,260	6,655	250	90
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	381,730	100,195	2,880	1,165
Americas	48,660	32,815	220	55
Brazil	1,060	50	0	0
Colombia	3,625	205	30	10
El Salvador	880	50	0	10
Guyana	6,680	6,635	0	10
Haiti	155	15	95	0
Jamaica	11,595	11,475	0	10
Mexico	1,280	90	0	10
Peru	1,355	135	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	6,340	6,290	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	5,520	4,095	40	25
Other places of birth in Americas	10,175	3,775	50	10
Europe	88,515	16,205	565	90
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,605	150	10	0
Croatia	3,505	125	0	0
France	610	75	365	10
Germany	2,710	445	15	15
Greece	1,745	120	0	0
Hungary	895	55	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	1,025	995	0	0
Italy	8,700	580	30	10
Netherlands	665	130	10	0
Poland	21,685	760	25	0
Portugal	11,925	810	30	10
Romania	2,810	155	15	0
Russian Federation	2,180	155	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	2,110	165	0	0
Ukraine	4,470	260	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	11,060	10,260	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	9,825	970	55	10
Africa	24,290	7,535	1,675	640
Algeria	235	10	85	10
Egypt	9,100	1,520	190	195
Ethiopia	510	75	0	0
Kenya	1,830	960	10	0
Morocco	335	20	105	20
Nigeria	2,175	1,520	0	0
Somalia	715	130	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,100	915	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	8,275	2,390	1,265	405
Asia	219,415	43,135	410	375
Afghanistan	2,600	175	15	0
Bangladesh	2,595	395	0	0
China^Footnote 53	23,115	905	0	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	7,335	685	0	0
India	54,630	15,575	15	100
Iran^Footnote 55	2,815	175	0	0
Iraq	7,390	635	20	10
Japan	575	70	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	4,345	315	0	0
Lebanon	3,105	505	210	90
Pakistan	35,855	6,670	10	20
Philippines	28,330	7,315	10	10
Sri Lanka	9,060	1,630	10	0
Syria^Footnote 57	3,435	310	30	15
Taiwan	1,900	95	0	0
Viet Nam	10,350	800	40	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,990	6,870	50	120
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	850	510	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	53,415	11,315	505	175
Americas	5,155	2,645	35	10
Brazil	125	0	0	0
Colombia	675	20	10	0
Cuba	185	30	0	0
Haiti	65	10	30	0
Jamaica	965	945	0	0
Mexico	345	45	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	1,200	840	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	375	25	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,225	730	0	0
Europe	3,580	485	60	0
France	55	0	45	0
Germany	80	15	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	85	80	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	180	10	10	0
Russian Federation	275	15	0	0
Ukraine	635	35	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	340	280	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,920	60	10	0
Africa	5,025	1,225	370	120
Algeria	40	10	10	0
Cameroon	80	45	20	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	0	80	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	0	35	0
Egypt	2,595	380	25	30
Eritrea	60	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	10	0	0
Morocco	70	0	15	0
Nigeria	720	500	0	0
Somalia	75	25	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	55	10	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,125	190	175	80
Asia	39,550	6,880	35	50
Afghanistan	295	10	0	0
Bangladesh	420	55	0	0
China^Footnote 65	3,910	85	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	110	30	0	0
India	10,660	2,635	10	25
Iran^Footnote 67	470	25	0	0
Iraq	2,820	255	10	10
Israel	65	15	0	0
Japan	60	15	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	280	10	0	0
Lebanon	435	75	15	10
Nepal	360	40	0	0
Pakistan	7,585	1,180	0	0
Philippines	4,325	985	0	0
Saudi Arabia	770	155	0	0
Sri Lanka	630	95	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	1,795	85	0	0
Taiwan	135	10	0	0
Turkey	100	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	1,565	615	0	0
Viet Nam	640	60	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,140	460	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	100	75	0	0
Australia	85	60	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	20	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	715,475	362,040	7,660	3,060
First generation^Footnote 73	398,035	105,345	3,065	1,180
Second generation^Footnote 74	197,215	141,595	1,100	1,245
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	120,225	115,100	3,500	635
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	309,275	73,300	2,425	1,045
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	172,660	45,045	1,520	825
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	63,180	13,315	615	215
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	109,485	31,730	900	600
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	91,590	23,025	565	175
Refugees^Footnote 81	41,820	4,495	310	30
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	3,200	730	30	15
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	408,925	166,985	2,830	1,835
South Asian^Footnote 85	165,760	62,895	505	640
Chinese	54,090	11,170	160	210
Black	47,005	41,450	1,075	200
Filipino	36,565	15,670	40	95
Latin American	16,115	3,175	75	20
Arab	36,205	8,635	530	325
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	14,795	4,260	55	35
West Asian^Footnote 87	7,910	1,180	55	10
Korean	6,090	1,280	15	10
Japanese	1,965	1,120	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	9,045	7,805	215	185
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	13,365	8,350	110	95
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	306,545	195,055	4,835	1,225
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	715,475	362,040	7,665	3,060
North American Aboriginal origins	6,840	6,230	430	110
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,165	4,825	240	45
Inuit	115	110	0	0
Métis	1,830	1,545	205	75
Other North American origins	76,365	68,735	2,245	570
Acadian	470	330	125	10
American	3,845	3,600	35	10
Canadian	73,025	65,810	2,040	555
New Brunswicker	10	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	215	215	0	0
Nova Scotian	85	85	0	0
Ontarian	60	50	10	0
Québécois	150	75	80	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	10	0	0
European origins	304,505	192,405	3,855	1,075
British Isles origins	118,500	115,850	775	395
Channel Islander	75	80	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	66,245	65,045	210	200
Irish	49,115	48,285	435	120
Manx	55	50	0	0
Scottish	47,900	47,310	215	130
Welsh	4,995	4,920	25	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	10,285	9,930	40	40
French origins	23,910	19,200	3,105	550
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	10	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0
French	23,895	19,190	3,105	550
Western European origins (except French origins)	37,010	29,860	410	160
Austrian	2,600	1,855	10	10
Bavarian	20	15	0	0
Belgian	910	730	105	10
Dutch	8,340	7,375	30	25
Flemish	110	70	15	0
Frisian	20	15	0	0
German	26,305	21,090	195	120
Luxembourger	20	10	0	0
Swiss	1,245	970	75	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	30	15	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,895	5,210	30	30
Danish	1,370	1,150	0	10
Finnish	1,435	1,240	10	10
Icelandic	295	295	0	0
Norwegian	1,425	1,340	20	0
Swedish	1,585	1,365	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	265	230	0	0
Eastern European origins	79,750	32,440	265	165
Bulgarian	1,595	305	0	10
Byelorussian	635	135	0	0
Czech	1,710	850	30	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	350	295	0	0
Estonian	515	340	0	0
Hungarian	5,060	2,960	15	15
Latvian	520	330	10	0
Lithuanian	1,570	850	10	0
Moldovan	105	30	0	0
Polish	43,345	15,465	105	75
Romanian	4,470	1,485	15	10
Russian	7,515	2,880	25	20
Slovak	2,330	1,195	15	0
Ukrainian	20,175	10,565	70	70
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	200	110	0	0
Southern European origins	120,065	63,500	535	305
Albanian	3,020	775	15	0
Bosnian	2,005	425	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	8,885	3,405	10	25
Cypriot	125	75	0	0
Greek	7,485	4,360	40	40
Italian	44,840	29,255	280	130
Kosovar	110	15	0	0
Macedonian	2,390	1,060	0	0
Maltese	3,535	2,695	15	10
Montenegrin	190	45	0	0
Portuguese	34,035	17,960	85	75
Serbian	5,925	1,620	20	45
Sicilian	90	75	0	0
Slovenian	2,600	1,570	0	0
Spanish	14,065	6,270	90	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	840	415	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	80	35	0	10
Other European origins	2,440	1,340	25	0
Basque	35	15	0	0
Jewish	1,310	690	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	145	50	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	145	35	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	815	565	10	10
Caribbean origins	40,215	38,405	250	130
Antiguan	285	280	0	0
Bahamian	140	135	0	0
Barbadian	2,120	2,110	0	0
Bermudan	60	60	0	0
Carib	155	155	0	0
Cuban	1,185	525	10	15
Dominican	725	380	10	0
Grenadian	1,000	985	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	405	120	200	30
Jamaican	23,825	23,535	20	70
Kittitian/Nevisian	280	270	0	0
Martinican	20	10	15	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	20	0	0
St. Lucian	490	445	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,355	5,320	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	795	790	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	5,545	5,420	0	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	1,435	1,385	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,900	11,915	105	80
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	645	395	0	10
Arawak	70	70	0	0
Argentinian	1,035	395	10	10
Belizean	20	20	0	0
Bolivian	185	65	0	0
Brazilian	1,340	485	0	10
Chilean	1,390	545	0	0
Colombian	5,190	945	50	0
Costa Rican	155	30	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,480	680	10	0
Guatemalan	505	155	10	10
Guyanese	5,865	5,825	0	20
Hispanic	425	190	0	0
Honduran	185	45	0	0
Maya	95	10	0	0
Mexican	2,185	585	15	0
Nicaraguan	220	100	0	0
Panamanian	220	135	0	0
Paraguayan	30	15	0	0
Peruvian	1,625	525	0	0
Salvadorean	1,045	350	10	15
Uruguayan	735	350	0	0
Venezuelan	1,115	385	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	895	460	10	0
African origins	34,745	18,650	1,625	625
Central and West African origins	6,350	4,265	465	85
Akan	60	20	0	0
Angolan	45	0	0	10
Ashanti	45	40	0	0
Beninese	60	45	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	230	100	110	15
Chadian	30	15	10	0
Congolese	355	85	210	10
Edo	145	110	0	0
Ewe	65	35	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	10	0
Gambian	15	0	0	0
Ghanaian	2,110	1,430	10	20
Guinean	55	15	20	0
Ibo	120	90	0	0
Ivorian	90	50	35	0
Liberian	45	35	0	0
Malian	25	0	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,285	1,820	10	25
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	85	30	20	0
Sierra Leonean	80	70	0	0
Togolese	20	0	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	425	290	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	345	235	60	0
North African origins	14,230	4,360	450	320
Algerian	370	85	95	20
Berber	55	10	15	20
Coptic	670	180	20	15
Dinka	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	11,840	3,635	225	230
Libyan	325	125	0	0
Maure	20	0	0	0
Moroccan	710	270	100	45
Sudanese	715	170	0	20
Tunisian	35	20	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	175	50	25	10
Southern and East African origins	6,365	3,425	350	185
Afrikaner	10	10	0	0
Amhara	70	20	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	35	20	0	0
Burundian	70	0	20	10
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0
Eritrean	415	135	0	0
Ethiopian	735	355	15	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	470	255	0	0
Malagasy	15	0	10	0
Mauritian	790	180	260	155
Oromo	20	10	0	0
Rwandan	85	35	25	0
Seychellois	0	0	10	0
Somali	1,970	1,085	15	0
South African	855	765	0	10
Tanzanian	150	115	0	0
Tigrian	15	0	0	0
Ugandan	220	145	0	0
Zambian	70	35	0	0
Zimbabwean	150	80	0	0
Zulu	30	25	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	470	285	25	0
Other African origins	8,305	6,895	395	55
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,000	980	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	7,350	5,960	400	45
Asian origins	336,350	116,560	1,565	1,420
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	48,460	13,015	640	340
Afghan	4,355	810	20	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	7,240	1,585	120	50
Armenian	1,330	485	30	10
Assyrian	1,110	265	0	10
Azerbaijani	140	35	0	0
Georgian	115	40	0	0
Hazara	45	10	0	0
Iranian	5,160	1,515	15	0
Iraqi	7,270	1,305	15	20
Israeli	385	240	0	10
Jordanian	2,200	640	25	10
Kazakh	25	0	0	0
Kurd	330	85	0	0
Kuwaiti	155	35	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	5,860	2,545	325	200
Palestinian	6,425	2,025	15	25
Pashtun	570	75	30	0
Saudi Arabian	160	50	0	0
Syrian	5,410	1,290	55	45
Tajik	115	15	0	0
Tatar	165	25	0	0
Turk	2,845	760	25	10
Turkmen	25	10	0	0
Uighur	110	10	0	0
Uzbek	105	25	0	0
Yemeni	305	125	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	2,410	655	20	30
South Asian origins	168,655	66,715	610	685
Bangladeshi	1,865	510	0	0
Bengali	925	310	0	0
Bhutanese	10	0	0	0
East Indian	110,220	49,515	560	545
Goan	1,350	1,305	0	0
Gujarati	700	170	0	0
Kashmiri	525	115	0	0
Nepali	825	85	0	0
Pakistani	35,660	10,425	20	85
Punjabi	5,760	1,420	0	15
Sinhalese	450	145	0	10
Sri Lankan	10,730	3,775	10	30
Tamil	3,440	975	20	30
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	10,010	2,665	0	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	123,340	39,665	355	410
Burmese	195	90	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	205	85	10	0
Chinese	64,965	17,325	220	255
Filipino	39,755	17,880	40	105
Hmong	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,205	435	0	0
Japanese	2,865	1,700	10	15
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	6,400	1,470	10	10
Laotian	260	130	0	0
Malaysian	945	475	0	0
Mongolian	205	85	0	0
Singaporean	110	90	0	0
Taiwanese	980	195	0	0
Thai	425	155	0	10
Tibetan	245	30	0	0
Vietnamese	14,160	4,105	75	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	485	140	0	0
Other Asian origins	1,795	610	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	1,795	605	0	10
Oceania origins	905	815	0	0
Australian	450	440	0	0
New Zealander	135	130	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	325	245	0	0
Fijian	205	160	0	0
Hawaiian	45	35	0	0
Maori	15	20	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	20	20	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	40	10	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	594,765	281,435	6,765	2,010
No certificate, diploma or degree	89,995	40,345	780	235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	155,855	83,235	1,615	510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	348,915	157,855	4,375	1,265
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,900	12,610	385	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	14,885	6,655	260	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	12,010	5,950	120	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	105,465	58,175	1,395	380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,205	7,210	300	100
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	199,350	79,870	2,295	735
Bachelor's degree	133,355	57,505	1,455	500
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,985	5,095	210	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,135	1,710	20	10
Master's degree	42,270	14,280	525	110
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	4,595	1,270	80	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	594,765	281,430	6,765	2,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	245,850	123,580	2,390	745
Education	16,270	8,315	340	65
13. Education	16,270	8,315	340	65
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,075	7,010	130	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,880	1,235	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	10,195	5,775	120	45
Humanities	22,055	9,785	295	100
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,410	490	90	25
23. English language and literature/letters	5,775	2,880	30	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,155	3,240	65	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	75	45	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,190	595	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	985	550	15	10
54. History	2,760	1,655	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	710	340	75	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	43,620	23,340	485	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	350	185	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,340	2,835	70	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,740	3,405	40	20
22. Legal professions and studies	6,830	3,670	100	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	640	400	0	0
42. Psychology	5,670	3,380	75	20
45. Social sciences	19,050	9,460	195	95
Business, management and public administration	88,915	42,095	1,310	285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	65	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,890	2,425	35	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	84,885	39,605	1,275	280
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,590	7,365	245	90
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,035	3,030	90	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,925	2,010	75	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	250	140	0	0
40. Physical sciences	5,615	1,855	70	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	760	330	15	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,810	8,140	325	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,420	6,590	255	45
25. Library science	495	245	10	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,555	1,160	65	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	345	150	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,395	24,205	620	170
04. Architecture and related services	3,120	1,235	35	20
14. Engineering	32,130	7,345	320	105
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,305	5,295	80	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,565	3,935	60	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,765	4,320	90	0
48. Precision production	4,505	2,065	35	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,110	1,670	35	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,705	930	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,405	735	15	0
Health and related fields	40,250	18,515	390	180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,655	1,935	25	20
51. Health professions and related programs	36,115	16,200	355	160
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,475	380	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,810	7,410	200	45
12. Personal and culinary services	8,090	3,770	120	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	25	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	30	10	0
43. Security and protective services	3,630	2,625	30	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,970	960	45	0
Other	15	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	15	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	594,765	281,435	6,765	2,015
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	245,850	123,575	2,395	750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	348,910	157,855	4,375	1,265
Location of study inside Canada	207,315	126,895	3,275	850
Same as province or territory of residence	193,375	118,575	2,175	745
Different than province or territory of residence	13,945	8,320	1,100	105
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	141,600	30,955	1,100	415
United States^Footnote 132	9,330	4,755	95	45
Philippines	14,580	3,005	10	0
India	28,290	8,200	0	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	7,290	4,505	55	40
China^Footnote 134	9,085	160	0	10
France	530	55	225	20
Other	72,485	10,275	705	275
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	594,765	281,430	6,765	2,015
In the labour force	394,640	193,285	4,630	1,300
Employed	361,685	176,515	4,270	1,195
Unemployed	32,955	16,765	360	100
Not in the labour force	200,125	88,145	2,135	710
Participation rate	66.4	68.7	68.4	64.5
Employment rate	60.8	62.7	63.1	59.3
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.7	7.8	7.7
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	594,765	281,430	6,770	2,010
Did not work^Footnote 137	195,355	84,240	2,035	695
Worked	399,410	197,190	4,735	1,320
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	206,935	103,340	2,720	650
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	192,475	93,845	2,010	675
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.1	43.2	39.8
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	413,940	204,220	4,830	1,395
a.Management	45,975	24,025	695	135
00 Senior management occupations	4,805	2,985	95	25
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	18,905	10,390	270	60
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	14,440	6,815	230	40
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	7,830	3,830	100	10
b.Professional	85,100	39,895	1,200	360
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	20,985	10,465	250	90
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	26,855	9,305	335	85
30 Professional occupations in nursing	5,155	2,700	50	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	5,925	2,280	40	35
40 Professional occupations in education services	13,755	7,915	365	70
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	9,310	5,385	110	50
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,120	1,850	50	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	35,655	18,310	375	130
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,745	5,565	120	25
32 Technical occupations in health	6,165	2,540	75	15
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	7,650	4,055	105	15
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,120	870	20	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,970	5,275	60	65
d.Administration and administrative support	59,100	31,890	895	260
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	22,530	12,445	375	145
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,685	2,280	65	20
14 Office support occupations	20,930	10,975	325	90
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	10,955	6,185	130	0
e.Sales	48,460	26,735	455	160
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	12,935	6,570	195	30
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	22,195	12,925	180	90
66 Sales support occupations	13,335	7,245	80	40
f.Personal and customer information services	65,970	31,705	780	245
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	4,705	2,150	35	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	6,300	2,750	50	20
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	10,805	4,445	105	30
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	23,095	12,695	460	135
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	21,060	9,670	125	45
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	22,710	10,075	140	30
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	14,610	6,115	65	15
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	8,095	3,955	80	15
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	26,655	12,325	150	35
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	9,640	5,250	60	25
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	13,355	5,330	80	15
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	3,660	1,745	0	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,755	1,925	35	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	580	375	10	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	410	255	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	1,760	1,295	30	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	21,560	7,335	105	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,100	785	10	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	5,770	1,880	15	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	6,065	1,855	40	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	7,630	2,815	35	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	413,940	204,220	4,830	1,390
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	990	515	10	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	785	425	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	30	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	10	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	145	75	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	605	320	15	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	180	95	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	230	135	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	190	90	0	0
22 Utilities	2,040	1,000	25	10
221 Utilities	2,035	995	25	0
23 Construction	23,950	10,715	180	35
236 Construction of buildings	7,405	3,105	55	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,005	1,055	30	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	14,540	6,555	95	25
31-33 Manufacturing	42,675	16,695	400	90
311 Food manufacturing	6,140	2,150	80	25
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	905	525	0	0
313 Textile mills	140	40	0	0
314 Textile product mills	190	65	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	440	135	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	55	35	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	520	185	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	1,090	565	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	2,055	1,025	15	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	210	80	10	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	3,705	1,705	55	20
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,115	1,200	20	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,025	435	15	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,010	455	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	4,130	1,475	15	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,990	1,100	40	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	2,490	870	25	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,340	535	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,670	2,505	65	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	2,050	700	10	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	2,420	905	40	0
41 Wholesale trade	23,920	12,210	495	60
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	315	140	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	215	120	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	3,880	1,900	30	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	4,445	2,110	130	25
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,190	650	25	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,190	1,770	60	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	7,250	3,815	185	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	2,395	1,215	35	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	1,035	495	25	10
44-45 Retail trade	49,985	26,830	400	215
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	4,455	2,490	40	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,950	975	10	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	2,180	1,105	20	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	2,505	1,585	50	10
445 Food and beverage stores	11,195	6,085	85	30
446 Health and personal care stores	5,180	2,250	40	40
447 Gasoline stations	1,085	250	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	7,840	4,295	30	60
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,155	1,520	10	0
452 General merchandise stores	6,550	3,570	80	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,840	1,675	25	10
454 Non-store retailers	2,050	1,035	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	28,300	13,370	375	70
481 Air transportation	2,645	1,330	145	25
482 Rail transportation	390	250	15	0
483 Water transportation	75	40	0	0
484 Truck transportation	6,910	2,715	45	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	4,660	1,885	15	0
486 Pipeline transportation	10	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	4,770	2,355	55	20
491 Postal service	2,150	1,095	35	10
492 Couriers and messengers	2,995	1,655	40	0
493 Warehousing and storage	3,695	2,030	30	10
51 Information and cultural industries	11,095	6,150	125	45
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,040	1,160	10	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,775	1,225	25	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	790	520	25	0
517 Telecommunications	4,670	2,295	55	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	900	425	10	10
519 Other information services	920	525	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	30,945	16,020	455	160
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	20	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	17,980	8,795	255	85
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	4,460	2,425	45	20
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	8,290	4,670	155	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	195	115	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,395	4,340	120	25
531 Real estate	7,940	3,510	90	20
532 Rental and leasing services	1,405	810	25	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	50	20	10	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,735	19,495	500	160
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	41,735	19,495	495	160
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,190	685	30	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,185	685	30	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,185	11,230	320	100
561 Administrative and support services	22,615	10,955	305	95
562 Waste management and remediation services	570	275	15	0
61 Educational services	26,700	14,940	530	105
611 Educational services	26,700	14,940	530	105
62 Health care and social assistance	34,475	16,375	260	90
621 Ambulatory health care services	13,705	5,965	110	30
622 Hospitals	9,185	4,655	60	20
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	5,080	2,435	30	20
624 Social assistance	6,510	3,320	55	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,535	4,735	60	25
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,230	1,550	25	20
712 Heritage institutions	225	155	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	4,075	3,035	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	26,540	12,925	185	85
721 Accommodation services	2,455	1,060	30	15
722 Food services and drinking places	24,080	11,865	160	70
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,395	7,385	150	20
811 Repair and maintenance	5,045	2,265	35	0
812 Personal and laundry services	5,805	2,455	50	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	3,900	2,240	55	15
814 Private households	1,650	425	0	10
91 Public administration	13,300	8,280	195	80
911 Federal government public administration	3,610	2,010	95	55
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	2,995	1,825	65	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	6,600	4,420	35	15
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	90	30	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	361,685	176,520	4,270	1,195
Worked at home	22,645	10,730	350	90
Worked outside Canada	2,925	1,060	55	0
No fixed workplace address	39,925	17,650	405	155
Worked at usual place	296,185	147,080	3,470	945
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	413,940	204,225	4,830	1,390
English	394,625	201,895	3,585	1,045
French	1,330	370	530	30
Non-official language	7,355	220	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,350	220	10	0
English and French	2,490	565	695	275
English and non-official language	7,965	1,140	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	170	30	10	35
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	413,935	204,220	4,835	1,390
None	383,975	199,395	3,110	1,190
English	4,155	400	295	15
French	5,120	2,190	1,370	170
Non-official language	20,270	2,130	35	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	20,265	2,125	35	0
English and French	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	80	0	10	0
French and non-official language	330	110	20	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	296,190	147,080	3,470	945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	159,935	78,680	1,855	490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,770	9,460	220	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	115,790	58,560	1,380	435
Commute to a different province or territory	695	385	20	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	336,120	164,730	3,875	1,100
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,815	115,860	2,830	680
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	21,400	10,545	155	55
Public transit	60,750	31,150	760	280
Walked	8,875	4,970	65	45
Bicycle	1,135	685	10	10
Other method	3,135	1,520	50	40
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	336,115	164,730	3,870	1,100
Less than 15 minutes	51,140	27,245	530	150
15 to 29 minutes	114,595	55,705	1,260	320
30 to 44 minutes	81,025	38,265	945	260
45 to 59 minutes	35,955	17,985	500	135
60 minutes and over	53,405	25,525	635	230
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	336,115	164,725	3,870	1,105
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	19,890	9,920	145	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	53,625	25,685	610	150
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	88,530	45,340	1,380	345
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	74,510	35,975	980	200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	46,145	20,560	340	195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	53,425	27,245	415	170
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	708,770	357,685	7,635	3,030
Non-movers	626,910	322,335	6,585	2,680
Movers	81,860	35,355	1,050	350
Non-migrants	45,210	20,520	510	200
Migrants	36,655	14,835	545	150
Internal migrants	21,350	11,155	410	95
Intraprovincial migrants	18,550	10,060	240	65
Interprovincial migrants	2,800	1,100	170	30
External migrants	15,305	3,680	130	55
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	680,150	338,500	7,500	2,910
Non-movers	440,805	236,750	4,620	1,735
Movers	239,340	101,745	2,880	1,175
Non-migrants	128,325	60,425	1,235	675
Migrants	111,020	41,320	1,650	500
Internal migrants	54,155	28,575	1,110	310
Intraprovincial migrants	48,230	26,205	660	235
Interprovincial migrants	5,930	2,370	445	70
External migrants	56,865	12,750	540	190

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Mississauga, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.