Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Kitchener, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	230,005	166,740	2,930	675
0 to 14 years	40,785	33,150	315	165
0 to 4 years	13,585	11,095	110	45
5 to 9 years	14,005	11,540	115	50
10 to 14 years	13,200	10,520	80	70
15 to 64 years	158,905	113,780	1,965	445
15 to 19 years	13,215	10,375	130	50
20 to 24 years	16,145	12,195	120	65
25 to 29 years	18,460	14,095	150	50
30 to 34 years	17,870	12,930	200	65
35 to 39 years	16,355	11,505	235	30
40 to 44 years	15,330	10,190	145	40
45 to 49 years	15,950	10,625	225	20
50 to 54 years	17,095	11,960	255	45
55 to 59 years	15,465	10,790	280	30
60 to 64 years	13,025	9,120	230	45
65 years and over	30,310	19,810	650	65
65 to 69 years	10,635	7,425	240	25
70 to 74 years	7,320	5,035	160	10
75 to 79 years	5,385	3,235	130	15
80 to 84 years	3,850	2,340	55	0
85 years and over	3,120	1,770	65	0
85 to 89 years	2,270	1,305	45	0
90 to 94 years	725	400	20	0
95 to 99 years	115	60	0	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0
Average age	38.5	36.9	46.3	33.4
Median age	37.6	35.2	48.8	30.7
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	189,215	133,595	2,620	505
Married or living common law	108,475	72,590	1,545	265
Married	89,815	56,735	1,225	180
Living common law	18,660	15,850	315	85
Not married and not living common law	80,745	61,005	1,075	245
Never married	54,355	42,210	560	155
Separated	6,225	4,555	120	20
Divorced	11,990	9,230	240	50
Widowed	8,175	5,005	150	25
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	189,215	133,590	2,615	510
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,600	128,400	2,545	490
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,651	46,039	51,718	38,564
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,542	36,935	38,181	29,180
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	181,605	128,400	2,545	485
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,797	38,526	42,103	33,304
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,380	33,181	34,382	27,592
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	162,620	117,635	2,220	400
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,066	44,986	51,913	40,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,973	35,721	36,586	30,479
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,980	89,060	1,875	345
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,162	6,955	8,623	7,339
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,687	3,614	7,802	3,866
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	139,715	102,480	1,845	365
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,496	44,768	52,066	42,565
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,798	36,961	39,762	32,310
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.3	89.5	87.6	86.8
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.7	77.6	73.0	83.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.7	10.5	12.3	13.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	189,220	133,595	2,615	510
Without total income	7,615	5,195	75	20
With total income	181,600	128,400	2,545	485
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	97.3	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,165	15,285	275	80
$10,000 to $19,999	30,755	20,500	370	100
$20,000 to $29,999	25,705	17,445	365	75
$30,000 to $39,999	22,440	15,770	345	50
$40,000 to $49,999	20,655	14,980	300	40
$50,000 to $59,999	15,475	11,640	240	40
$60,000 to $69,999	11,465	8,835	175	20
$70,000 to $79,999	8,185	6,240	120	15
$80,000 to $89,999	6,205	4,860	85	30
$90,000 to $99,999	5,270	4,070	90	10
$100,000 and over	11,280	8,765	185	25
$100,000 to $149,999	8,220	6,350	130	10
$150,000 and over	3,055	2,415	55	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	189,215	133,595	2,620	510
Without after-tax income	7,610	5,195	75	20
With after-tax income	181,605	128,400	2,545	485
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	97.1	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,730	15,750	280	80
$10,000 to $19,999	32,245	21,545	405	95
$20,000 to $29,999	29,950	20,500	420	100
$30,000 to $39,999	27,600	19,685	430	45
$40,000 to $49,999	22,855	16,765	325	60
$50,000 to $59,999	15,350	11,940	245	40
$60,000 to $69,999	10,175	7,710	130	35
$70,000 to $79,999	7,320	5,710	120	15
$80,000 and over	11,385	8,800	190	20
$80,000 to $89,999	4,265	3,220	85	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,360	1,795	35	0
$100,000 and over	4,755	3,780	70	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	189,215	133,595	2,620	505
Without employment income	49,500	31,120	770	140
With employment income	139,720	102,475	1,845	365
Percentage with employment income	73.8	76.7	70.4	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,235	11,695	230	35
$5,000 to $9,999	10,725	7,700	115	30
$10,000 to $19,999	18,375	12,975	200	40
$20,000 to $29,999	15,420	10,850	170	50
$30,000 to $39,999	15,990	11,640	210	55
$40,000 to $49,999	15,845	11,545	205	20
$50,000 to $59,999	12,110	9,045	170	35
$60,000 to $69,999	9,030	6,970	155	25
$70,000 to $79,999	6,780	5,130	90	15
$80,000 and over	19,205	14,920	300	55
$80,000 to $89,999	5,420	4,200	60	20
$90,000 to $99,999	4,625	3,555	80	10
$100,000 and over	9,160	7,170	165	25
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	189,215	133,595	2,615	510
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	71,925	54,460	955	180
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,710	52,935	56,163	57,804
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	60,496	61,955	63,216	63,484
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	230,005	166,745	2,930	680
English only	210,125	157,555	330	145
French only	150	10	105	0
English and French	15,025	9,130	2,500	535
Neither English nor French	4,695	55	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	230,005	166,745	2,930	675
English	185,380	162,065	1,935	495
French	910	60	725	55
Non-official language	31,025	1,270	30	35
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	31,025	1,270	30	35
English and French	280	65	160	50
English and non-official language	12,095	3,205	40	15
French and non-official language	45	0	15	0
English, French and non-official language	270	70	30	25
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	230,000	166,745	2,930	680
None	197,000	161,080	1,645	485
English	13,470	795	390	45
French	1,850	910	755	95
Non-official language	17,085	3,815	90	30
Aboriginal	30	25	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,055	3,790	90	30
English and French	105	10	0	0
English and non-official language	250	25	10	0
French and non-official language	245	115	35	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
English	221,140	166,740	330	520
French	2,800	10	2,605	55
English and French	1,425	0	0	100
Neither English nor French	4,635	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	3,515	10	2,600	105
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.5	0.0	88.7	15.6
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
Official languages	225,305	166,685	2,925	680
English	225,155	166,680	2,825	675
French	15,175	9,135	2,600	530
Non-official languages	71,890	13,285	440	150
Aboriginal languages	60	40	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	71,830	13,240	440	140
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	230,005	166,745	2,930	675
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	4,410	4,135	200	45
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	4,195	3,940	190	40
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	2,780	2,700	40	15
Métis	1,345	1,175	145	25
Inuk (Inuit)	65	60	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	115	110	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	100	90	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	225,590	162,610	2,730	635
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	1,290	1,230	35	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	228,710	165,515	2,895	670
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	230,000	166,745	2,925	680
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	755	690	45	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	755	685	50	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	615	585	10	0
Métis single ancestry	135	95	30	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	6,300	5,905	290	80
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	6,185	5,810	285	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,685	4,455	160	45
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,355	1,205	120	35
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	140	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	115	100	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	85	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	222,945	160,155	2,595	590
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	230,000	166,745	2,930	680
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	213,860	163,105	2,815	660
Canadian citizens only	200,990	159,885	2,625	610
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	12,870	3,220	190	45
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	16,145	3,640	120	15
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	166,035	152,130	2,515	600
Immigrants^Footnote 44	60,425	13,910	370	80
Before 1981	15,460	6,005	80	20
1981 to 1990	8,165	1,855	25	0
1991 to 2000	13,220	2,025	50	15
2001 to 2010	15,665	2,785	165	15
2001 to 2005	7,725	1,350	105	10
2006 to 2010	7,945	1,435	65	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	7,915	1,240	55	20
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	3,535	710	45	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	60,430	13,910	370	80
Under 5 years	6,765	2,785	60	15
5 to 14 years	11,700	3,545	60	15
15 to 24 years	13,075	2,900	50	15
25 to 44 years	24,490	4,060	175	35
45 years and over	4,400	615	20	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	60,425	13,905	370	80
Americas	9,565	4,680	55	20
Brazil	230	50	0	0
Colombia	1,195	60	0	0
El Salvador	1,315	65	10	0
Guyana	1,215	1,205	0	0
Haiti	30	0	25	0
Jamaica	1,130	1,080	0	0
Mexico	435	35	0	0
Peru	85	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	310	310	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,700	1,385	20	15
Other places of birth in Americas	1,905	485	0	0
Europe	26,085	5,735	165	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,650	50	0	0
Croatia	1,535	55	0	0
France	165	30	95	10
Germany	2,460	360	0	0
Greece	330	25	0	0
Hungary	420	35	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	175	170	0	0
Italy	415	60	0	0
Netherlands	645	115	15	0
Poland	2,490	155	0	0
Portugal	2,015	130	0	0
Romania	3,660	170	0	0
Russian Federation	305	30	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	1,825	105	0	0
Ukraine	390	40	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	4,070	3,990	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,535	215	30	0
Africa	4,700	1,060	120	35
Algeria	20	0	10	0
Egypt	515	90	35	10
Ethiopia	775	75	0	10
Kenya	245	100	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0
Nigeria	145	95	0	0
Somalia	615	95	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	160	135	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	2,205	455	75	20
Asia	19,995	2,365	35	10
Afghanistan	980	50	0	0
Bangladesh	350	35	0	0
China^Footnote 53	2,015	115	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	235	20	0	0
India	3,830	585	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	695	40	0	0
Iraq	1,265	95	0	0
Japan	45	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	480	75	0	0
Lebanon	280	55	10	0
Pakistan	1,285	165	0	0
Philippines	1,140	235	0	0
Sri Lanka	355	75	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	1,070	90	0	0
Taiwan	115	15	0	0
Viet Nam	2,070	125	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	3,775	575	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	85	70	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	7,915	1,240	55	20
Americas	975	415	15	10
Brazil	35	15	0	0
Colombia	180	0	0	0
Cuba	80	10	0	0
Haiti	15	0	15	0
Jamaica	80	70	0	0
Mexico	65	10	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	250	190	0	10
Venezuela^Footnote 61	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	235	110	0	0
Europe	970	135	30	0
France	25	0	25	0
Germany	40	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	15	15	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	25	0	0	0
Romania	210	10	0	0
Russian Federation	40	10	0	0
Ukraine	60	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	95	85	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	455	10	0	0
Africa	1,155	225	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	135	35	0	0
Eritrea	340	45	0	0
Ethiopia	195	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	40	0	0
Somalia	190	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	30	0	0
Tunisia	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	175	65	10	0
Asia	4,800	450	0	0
Afghanistan	195	0	0	0
Bangladesh	60	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	425	15	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	20	10	0	0
India	925	145	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	230	15	0	0
Iraq	600	10	0	0
Israel	40	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	35	10	0	0
Lebanon	35	10	0	0
Nepal	55	10	0	0
Pakistan	235	55	0	0
Philippines	320	85	0	0
Saudi Arabia	60	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	60	10	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	720	30	0	0
Taiwan	25	0	0	0
Turkey	65	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	0	0	10
Viet Nam	205	20	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	455	40	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	20	20	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	10	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	230,000	166,740	2,930	675
First generation^Footnote 73	65,020	15,380	445	80
Second generation^Footnote 74	48,990	38,425	255	155
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	115,990	112,940	2,230	435
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	45,690	8,125	300	60
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	15,730	3,325	185	30
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	5,885	955	70	25
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	9,845	2,380	115	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	12,420	3,315	75	10
Refugees^Footnote 81	17,155	1,395	35	20
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	390	95	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	50,200	18,990	345	105
South Asian^Footnote 85	11,395	3,995	15	20
Chinese	4,735	1,100	0	10
Black	9,535	6,100	190	45
Filipino	1,575	685	0	0
Latin American	5,920	1,060	0	10
Arab	4,155	870	45	25
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	5,190	1,550	30	10
West Asian^Footnote 87	2,690	470	0	0
Korean	1,025	260	0	0
Japanese	325	215	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	1,885	1,535	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	1,770	1,140	50	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	179,805	147,760	2,585	570
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	230,000	166,745	2,930	675
North American Aboriginal origins	7,050	6,590	340	90
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,405	5,145	175	50
Inuit	165	155	10	0
Métis	1,590	1,390	165	35
Other North American origins	56,365	53,755	1,350	290
Acadian	250	195	45	10
American	2,220	2,150	10	30
Canadian	54,490	51,990	1,305	260
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	435	435	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	45	0	0
Ontarian	50	45	0	0
Québécois	85	70	15	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	15	0	0
European origins	159,995	128,125	2,015	505
British Isles origins	88,370	87,170	495	295
Channel Islander	25	20	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0
English	48,350	47,635	255	180
Irish	37,635	37,245	215	105
Manx	40	40	0	0
Scottish	37,190	36,880	110	120
Welsh	3,830	3,795	10	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	6,590	6,535	25	20
French origins	20,900	18,540	1,785	360
Alsatian	115	105	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	20,795	18,440	1,785	355
Western European origins (except French origins)	60,635	54,310	195	130
Austrian	1,995	1,510	0	10
Bavarian	10	0	0	0
Belgian	790	735	25	10
Dutch	9,820	8,965	30	25
Flemish	60	50	0	0
Frisian	65	60	0	0
German	51,050	45,890	115	105
Luxembourger	55	30	0	0
Swiss	2,115	1,940	40	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	0	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	3,730	3,455	25	0
Danish	765	685	0	0
Finnish	805	745	10	0
Icelandic	150	150	0	0
Norwegian	1,015	965	0	0
Swedish	975	890	20	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	230	230	0	0
Eastern European origins	31,615	20,460	120	70
Bulgarian	200	105	0	0
Byelorussian	230	95	0	0
Czech	1,085	645	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	295	245	0	0
Estonian	165	105	0	0
Hungarian	3,925	2,600	15	0
Latvian	385	275	0	10
Lithuanian	530	380	0	0
Moldovan	95	30	0	0
Polish	12,590	9,275	45	20
Romanian	6,405	2,090	0	0
Russian	3,210	2,380	10	10
Slovak	965	475	15	0
Ukrainian	5,720	4,705	35	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	100	55	0	0
Southern European origins	29,750	15,625	135	35
Albanian	975	270	0	0
Bosnian	1,095	140	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	3,000	1,165	0	0
Cypriot	400	205	0	0
Greek	1,990	1,175	10	0
Italian	7,620	6,490	60	15
Kosovar	105	20	0	0
Macedonian	340	195	0	0
Maltese	270	220	0	0
Montenegrin	120	15	0	0
Portuguese	6,425	3,510	20	0
Serbian	5,435	1,130	10	0
Sicilian	80	60	0	0
Slovenian	710	480	0	0
Spanish	2,835	1,205	40	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	970	535	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	15	10	0	0
Other European origins	1,070	770	0	0
Basque	60	45	0	0
Jewish	525	365	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	60	25	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	410	335	10	0
Caribbean origins	5,155	4,695	60	25
Antiguan	45	45	0	0
Bahamian	10	15	0	0
Barbadian	275	270	0	10
Bermudan	55	50	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	395	185	15	0
Dominican	135	70	0	10
Grenadian	100	95	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	70	10	45	0
Jamaican	2,980	2,915	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	40	40	0	0
Martinican	10	10	0	0
Montserratan	25	25	0	0
Puerto Rican	30	30	0	0
St. Lucian	60	55	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	625	620	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	65	55	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	475	460	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	150	135	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	7,855	3,380	15	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	175	75	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	95	65	0	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	285	100	0	0
Chilean	250	125	0	0
Colombian	1,660	235	0	10
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	85	50	0	0
Guatemalan	425	200	0	0
Guyanese	1,425	1,415	0	0
Hispanic	200	75	0	0
Honduran	105	25	0	0
Maya	65	0	0	0
Mexican	725	290	0	10
Nicaraguan	395	120	0	0
Panamanian	20	20	0	0
Paraguayan	20	15	0	0
Peruvian	125	45	0	0
Salvadorean	1,540	460	10	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	175	55	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	430	145	0	0
African origins	8,040	3,620	285	55
Central and West African origins	830	490	115	10
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	25	0	15	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	140	10	80	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0
Ghanaian	120	85	0	0
Guinean	10	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	65	60	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	10	0
Nigerian	245	185	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	35	25	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	55	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	115	70	10	0
North African origins	1,795	785	65	30
Algerian	50	25	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	815	280	45	20
Libyan	35	30	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	65	45	0	0
Sudanese	830	395	0	0
Tunisian	20	10	0	10
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	20	10	10	0
Southern and East African origins	4,035	1,400	45	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	30	10	10	0
Burundian	35	0	15	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,280	405	0	0
Ethiopian	1,100	295	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	70	55	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	15	10	0
Oromo	30	10	0	0
Rwandan	50	10	10	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,140	350	10	0
South African	155	145	0	0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0
Tigrian	45	10	0	0
Ugandan	65	35	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	40	35	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	150	65	0	0
Other African origins	1,610	1,070	60	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	140	135	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,475	935	60	0
Asian origins	34,940	11,725	70	65
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,240	2,515	25	25
Afghan	1,565	195	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	740	90	0	10
Armenian	400	185	10	0
Assyrian	105	25	0	0
Azerbaijani	75	20	0	0
Georgian	30	10	0	0
Hazara	40	0	0	0
Iranian	975	195	10	0
Iraqi	1,020	155	0	0
Israeli	90	45	0	0
Jordanian	230	115	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0
Kurd	670	240	0	0
Kuwaiti	45	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	0
Lebanese	865	570	15	0
Palestinian	595	205	0	0
Pashtun	35	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	95	10	0	0
Syrian	1,050	155	0	0
Tajik	135	10	0	0
Tatar	10	10	0	0
Turk	1,035	385	0	10
Turkmen	40	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	0	0	0
Yemeni	25	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	325	145	0	0
South Asian origins	11,820	4,640	10	25
Bangladeshi	335	70	0	0
Bengali	95	15	0	0
Bhutanese	140	10	0	0
East Indian	8,385	3,755	10	20
Goan	25	20	0	0
Gujarati	185	0	0	0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0
Nepali	300	40	0	0
Pakistani	1,375	445	0	0
Punjabi	705	90	0	0
Sinhalese	70	40	0	0
Sri Lankan	350	135	0	0
Tamil	155	50	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	590	160	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	14,110	4,735	35	20
Burmese	495	105	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	360	155	10	0
Chinese	6,015	1,780	10	0
Filipino	1,810	860	0	0
Hmong	435	255	0	0
Indonesian	180	95	0	0
Japanese	430	300	0	0
Karen	85	10	0	0
Korean	1,060	280	0	0
Laotian	995	465	0	0
Malaysian	75	40	0	0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	75	15	0	0
Thai	210	80	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	3,340	880	15	15
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	35	35	0	0
Other Asian origins	135	50	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	135	50	0	0
Oceania origins	235	230	0	10
Australian	195	180	0	10
New Zealander	30	30	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	189,215	133,595	2,615	505
No certificate, diploma or degree	35,105	23,875	515	90
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	54,905	40,310	705	160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,215	69,410	1,400	260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,235	8,345	150	30
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	5,785	3,755	55	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	6,455	4,595	95	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,750	31,865	640	105
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,145	1,875	60	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	42,080	27,325	545	115
Bachelor's degree	28,400	19,525	300	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,800	1,685	35	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	880	420	10	0
Master's degree	8,385	4,885	105	45
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	1,610	810	90	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	189,215	133,590	2,615	510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	90,005	64,185	1,220	250
Education	4,745	3,700	90	0
13. Education	4,745	3,700	95	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,585	2,825	65	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	710	575	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	2,875	2,255	45	10
Humanities	6,660	5,040	95	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	555	200	20	10
23. English language and literature/letters	1,800	1,410	20	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,390	1,035	15	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	65	65	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	545	440	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	945	770	0	0
54. History	1,040	890	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	315	230	25	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,920	8,795	150	45
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	95	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,300	1,075	25	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,210	1,610	20	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,590	1,110	15	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	275	210	0	0
42. Psychology	2,025	1,610	30	20
45. Social sciences	4,375	3,090	55	0
Business, management and public administration	19,195	13,690	275	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	40	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,045	1,690	15	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	17,095	11,960	260	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,750	2,235	50	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,550	985	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	845	590	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	35	35	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,150	520	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	100	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,690	3,465	95	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,195	2,470	75	10
25. Library science	215	170	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	740	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	135	80	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	22,075	13,675	280	60
04. Architecture and related services	715	460	15	10
14. Engineering	5,705	2,080	60	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,930	3,375	75	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,645	2,855	40	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,745	2,730	35	15
48. Precision production	3,345	2,165	55	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,545	1,090	25	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	845	510	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	700	575	15	10
Health and related fields	13,770	10,195	180	40
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,375	1,225	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	12,170	8,860	170	35
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	225	105	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,110	4,535	90	10
12. Personal and culinary services	3,520	2,510	50	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	20	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,725	1,425	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	805	570	10	10
Other	170	160	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	170	160	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	189,215	133,595	2,620	510
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90,000	64,185	1,220	250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	99,210	69,410	1,400	255
Location of study inside Canada	81,045	65,140	1,225	225
Same as province or territory of residence	76,500	61,615	940	220
Different than province or territory of residence	4,545	3,525	285	10
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	18,170	4,270	170	35
United States^Footnote 132	2,140	1,565	35	0
Philippines	635	105	0	0
India	2,215	330	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,345	1,145	0	0
China^Footnote 134	925	20	10	0
France	85	15	55	0
Other	10,825	1,095	70	20
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	189,215	133,595	2,615	505
In the labour force	130,080	95,270	1,645	345
Employed	121,190	89,065	1,550	335
Unemployed	8,890	6,205	90	10
Not in the labour force	59,135	38,325	975	160
Participation rate	68.7	71.3	62.9	68.3
Employment rate	64.0	66.7	59.3	66.3
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.5	5.5	2.9
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	189,215	133,595	2,615	505
Did not work^Footnote 137	56,000	35,545	925	145
Worked	133,215	98,055	1,690	365
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	73,205	55,280	985	185
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	60,010	42,770	710	185
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.7	44.0	43.1	42.2
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	137,410	100,670	1,740	375
a.Management	12,690	9,905	200	40
00 Senior management occupations	1,225	955	30	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,550	3,685	90	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,650	3,510	50	20
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,265	1,750	30	0
b.Professional	23,990	17,055	295	65
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	4,130	3,195	50	10
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	7,225	4,230	70	30
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,880	1,425	10	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,355	910	15	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	5,250	3,990	100	15
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,810	2,240	25	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,340	1,070	25	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	12,585	9,530	180	35
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	4,400	3,120	70	0
32 Technical occupations in health	2,355	1,710	45	15
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,855	2,240	20	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	560	500	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,415	1,965	50	15
d.Administration and administrative support	15,865	12,655	215	45
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,030	4,895	70	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,660	1,280	25	10
14 Office support occupations	5,265	4,035	100	25
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,910	2,455	20	0
e.Sales	13,815	10,900	210	50
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,290	2,535	80	10
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	6,170	4,880	75	40
66 Sales support occupations	4,350	3,495	55	0
f.Personal and customer information services	24,285	17,295	345	65
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,435	1,700	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,660	1,975	55	15
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	4,090	2,920	35	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	6,505	5,040	130	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	8,600	5,660	105	15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	10,155	7,505	75	30
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	7,080	5,135	55	15
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	3,075	2,370	20	15
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	9,470	7,035	115	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,705	2,225	30	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	5,085	3,490	60	10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,680	1,320	20	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,490	1,215	10	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	250	210	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	340	210	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	900	795	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	13,070	7,555	90	30
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,285	915	10	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,265	1,895	30	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,120	2,675	35	20
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,395	2,075	20	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	137,410	100,670	1,740	375
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	635	420	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	540	355	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	30	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	65	50	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	105	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	10	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	80	60	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	55	40	0	0
22 Utilities	395	310	0	0
221 Utilities	395	310	10	0
23 Construction	9,015	6,825	90	10
236 Construction of buildings	2,295	1,735	15	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	800	600	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	5,920	4,485	65	10
31-33 Manufacturing	22,575	14,175	265	55
311 Food manufacturing	3,100	1,790	35	10
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	305	255	0	0
313 Textile mills	60	50	0	0
314 Textile product mills	130	70	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	180	115	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	305	170	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	340	250	0	10
322 Paper manufacturing	415	320	15	0
323 Printing and related support activities	370	295	15	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	70	45	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	485	355	10	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,755	1,065	20	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	445	360	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	380	290	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,650	1,855	20	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,160	1,330	50	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	865	505	15	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	625	400	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,400	3,585	45	20
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	830	575	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	715	500	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,210	4,025	105	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	135	60	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	70	55	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	925	680	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	590	425	10	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	560	390	15	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,265	1,075	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	1,095	875	45	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	415	325	10	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	160	125	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	15,385	12,055	210	45
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,775	1,365	15	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	580	470	20	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	625	505	10	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,130	990	15	0
445 Food and beverage stores	3,820	3,075	50	10
446 Health and personal care stores	1,205	825	15	0
447 Gasoline stations	290	205	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,680	1,270	15	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	740	650	10	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,980	1,415	40	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,110	925	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	445	345	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,815	4,140	50	0
481 Air transportation	155	120	0	0
482 Rail transportation	45	40	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	2,370	1,480	10	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,130	740	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	540	390	20	0
491 Postal service	440	410	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	535	450	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	585	505	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,990	3,060	40	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,805	1,330	25	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	275	220	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	175	165	0	0
517 Telecommunications	1,060	855	10	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	105	65	0	0
519 Other information services	570	440	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	8,515	6,520	180	40
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,020	1,425	45	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	725	610	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	5,755	4,465	135	30
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	20	20	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,110	1,555	50	0
531 Real estate	1,715	1,235	35	0
532 Rental and leasing services	390	320	10	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,060	7,115	150	40
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,060	7,115	150	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	200	175	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	200	175	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,795	4,745	85	30
561 Administrative and support services	6,435	4,455	70	25
562 Waste management and remediation services	360	295	10	0
61 Educational services	11,000	8,440	190	35
611 Educational services	11,000	8,440	195	35
62 Health care and social assistance	13,905	10,485	90	30
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,070	3,070	45	0
622 Hospitals	3,225	2,510	20	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	3,605	2,640	15	0
624 Social assistance	3,005	2,260	10	15
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,260	1,945	25	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	670	565	15	0
712 Heritage institutions	180	155	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,410	1,225	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	9,590	6,930	90	15
721 Accommodation services	670	500	15	0
722 Food services and drinking places	8,920	6,435	75	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,335	3,855	50	10
811 Repair and maintenance	1,725	1,300	10	10
812 Personal and laundry services	1,810	1,210	20	0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,420	1,130	25	10
814 Private households	380	215	0	0
91 Public administration	4,490	3,780	55	10
911 Federal government public administration	1,140	935	35	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	575	485	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,750	2,355	25	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	15	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	121,190	89,065	1,555	335
Worked at home	6,545	4,820	120	20
Worked outside Canada	415	240	10	0
No fixed workplace address	12,175	8,545	170	30
Worked at usual place	102,060	75,450	1,265	290
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	137,410	100,670	1,740	380
English	135,090	100,325	1,495	330
French	385	155	140	25
Non-official language	900	35	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	900	35	0	0
English and French	285	75	100	25
English and non-official language	740	75	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	10	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	137,415	100,670	1,740	375
None	132,470	99,175	1,250	310
English	580	125	115	20
French	1,455	905	360	30
Non-official language	2,830	425	10	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,820	425	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	10
French and non-official language	65	35	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	102,060	75,450	1,260	290
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,885	37,150	625	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	39,000	28,735	505	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,935	9,400	130	35
Commute to a different province or territory	235	170	10	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	114,235	83,995	1,430	315
Car, truck, van - as a driver	91,180	66,865	1,170	265
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,910	5,730	70	20
Public transit	8,370	5,860	95	15
Walked	4,850	4,025	55	10
Bicycle	1,185	965	30	0
Other method	735	555	15	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	114,235	84,000	1,430	315
Less than 15 minutes	32,070	25,010	400	70
15 to 29 minutes	52,380	38,450	670	175
30 to 44 minutes	16,835	11,270	180	60
45 to 59 minutes	5,375	3,755	45	10
60 minutes and over	7,565	5,510	135	0
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	114,230	84,000	1,430	315
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	8,190	5,880	90	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20,325	14,635	210	40
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	26,410	20,685	390	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25,345	18,850	325	65
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,560	8,880	165	45
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	21,400	15,060	250	50
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	227,325	164,605	2,900	660
Non-movers	192,775	140,825	2,520	535
Movers	34,550	23,780	380	130
Non-migrants	20,275	14,795	175	70
Migrants	14,270	8,980	205	60
Internal migrants	11,150	8,405	175	50
Intraprovincial migrants	9,725	7,575	115	40
Interprovincial migrants	1,425	830	65	15
External migrants	3,120	575	25	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	216,420	155,650	2,815	630
Non-movers	126,000	92,370	1,610	330
Movers	90,420	63,280	1,210	295
Non-migrants	53,175	39,740	635	155
Migrants	37,245	23,540	575	145
Internal migrants	27,915	21,560	485	135
Intraprovincial migrants	25,090	19,720	385	105
Interprovincial migrants	2,820	1,845	105	30
External migrants	9,330	1,975	80	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Kitchener, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.