Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Saint John

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	71,910	68,295	2,765	240	610	2,885
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	71,910	68,295	2,765	240	610	2,885
0 to 14 years	11,025	10,385	210	135	300	275
0 to 4 years	3,545	3,345	50	10	140	55
5 to 9 years	3,930	3,665	95	40	135	110
10 to 14 years	3,555	3,380	70	80	30	105
15 to 64 years	48,345	46,200	1,740	110	295	1,795
15 to 19 years	3,900	3,755	100	25	20	110
20 to 24 years	4,590	4,435	115	30	15	130
25 to 29 years	4,595	4,430	125	0	50	120
30 to 34 years	4,440	4,295	100	10	40	100
35 to 39 years	4,415	4,195	145	10	65	145
40 to 44 years	4,635	4,450	160	10	15	170
45 to 49 years	4,790	4,465	280	15	35	290
50 to 54 years	5,900	5,625	250	0	25	255
55 to 59 years	5,895	5,605	280	0	10	285
60 to 64 years	5,185	4,960	200	10	10	205
65 years and over	12,540	11,705	810	0	15	815
65 to 69 years	4,265	4,030	230	10	0	230
70 to 74 years	3,215	2,990	220	0	10	220
75 to 79 years	2,190	2,000	190	0	0	190
80 to 84 years	1,580	1,480	95	0	10	95
85 years and over	1,285	1,205	75	0	0	75
85 to 89 years	815	765	50	0	0	50
90 to 94 years	385	355	25	0	0	25
95 to 99 years	75	75	0	0	0	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0	0	0
Average age	42.0	41.9	50.8	20.7	22.2	not applicable ...
Median age	43.3	43.1	53.2	13.9	15.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	60,880	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,610
Married or living common law	32,705	30,815	1,600	35	255	1,620
Married	25,985	24,390	1,300	40	250	1,320
Living common law	6,725	6,425	300	0	0	300
Not married and not living common law	28,175	27,100	950	70	55	985
Never married	17,685	17,100	480	60	45	510
Separated	2,360	2,255	90	0	0	95
Divorced	4,385	4,215	160	0	10	165
Widowed	3,745	3,525	215	0	10	220
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	60,880	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,865	55,175	2,485	95	105	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,901	37,926	38,840	23,412	16,067	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,238	30,281	30,784	14,442	12,684	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,875	55,190	2,485	100	105	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,108	32,127	32,849	20,291	15,653	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,608	27,617	28,441	14,442	12,684	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,825	47,540	2,120	90	80	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,775	36,835	36,954	21,284	13,983	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,876	28,980	28,661	13,909	16,069	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	43,035	41,070	1,815	65	80	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,379	8,315	10,022	4,858	7,038	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,170	7,088	10,740	4,686	4,299	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,960	39,230	1,600	90	45	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,539	37,477	40,804	15,845	18,588	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,301	30,243	35,783	9,766	19,302	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.6	83.7	81.0	86.1	66.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	70.1	70.3	67.4	60.9	49.6	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.4	16.3	18.8	15.3	33.4	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	60,880	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,605
Without total income	3,015	2,735	70	10	205	75
With total income	57,865	55,175	2,485	95	105	2,535
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.3	97.3	86.4	33.9	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,185	7,855	260	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	275
$10,000 to $19,999	10,335	9,805	465	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	480
$20,000 to $29,999	10,220	9,715	480	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	485
$30,000 to $39,999	8,055	7,720	320	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	325
$40,000 to $49,999	6,380	6,080	290	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	290
$50,000 to $59,999	4,295	4,105	175	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
$60,000 to $69,999	2,945	2,760	185	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	185
$70,000 to $79,999	2,240	2,145	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$80,000 to $89,999	1,630	1,580	50	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	55
$90,000 to $99,999	1,110	1,035	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	70
$100,000 and over	2,470	2,370	95	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	95
$100,000 to $149,999	1,975	1,895	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	80
$150,000 and over	495	475	20	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	60,880	57,910	2,555	105	310	2,610
Without after-tax income	3,005	2,720	70	10	205	75
With after-tax income	57,880	55,190	2,485	100	105	2,535
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.3	97.3	95.2	33.9	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,455	8,100	280	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	300
$10,000 to $19,999	11,095	10,560	470	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	480
$20,000 to $29,999	11,990	11,385	580	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	585
$30,000 to $39,999	9,520	9,155	345	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	350
$40,000 to $49,999	6,535	6,170	350	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	360
$50,000 to $59,999	3,910	3,725	180	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	175
$60,000 to $69,999	2,735	2,600	130	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	135
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	1,430	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	60
$80,000 and over	2,155	2,065	85	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$80,000 to $89,999	865	825	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	45
$90,000 to $99,999	555	540	15	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	20
$100,000 and over	730	700	25	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	60,880	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,610
Without employment income	19,925	18,680	960	20	265	965
With employment income	40,955	39,225	1,600	90	50	1,640
Percentage with employment income	67.3	67.7	62.6	81.8	16.1	62.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,040	4,780	225	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	240
$5,000 to $9,999	3,110	3,005	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$10,000 to $19,999	5,900	5,685	185	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	195
$20,000 to $29,999	6,285	6,035	230	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	235
$30,000 to $39,999	5,285	5,135	145	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	145
$40,000 to $49,999	4,320	4,125	190	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	195
$50,000 to $59,999	2,900	2,760	135	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$60,000 to $69,999	2,090	1,970	125	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	125
$70,000 to $79,999	1,835	1,745	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$80,000 and over	4,180	3,995	185	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
$80,000 to $89,999	1,350	1,300	45	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	45
$90,000 to $99,999	890	835	60	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	60
$100,000 and over	1,940	1,865	75	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	75
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	60,885	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	20,810	19,960	840	0	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	44,069	43,695	52,809	0	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	52,145	51,908	57,990	0	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	71,910	68,295	2,765	240	610	2,885
English only	61,880	61,880	0	0	0	0
French only	125	0	120	0	0	125
English and French	9,265	6,385	2,640	240	0	2,760
Neither English nor French	640	30	0	0	610	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	71,910	68,290	2,765	240	610	2,885
English	67,730	66,120	1,610	0	0	1,610
French	965	35	935	0	0	935
Non-official language	2,205	1,420	65	115	615	115
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,205	1,415	60	110	610	120
English and French	305	65	115	125	0	175
English and non-official language	650	650	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	0	35	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	25	10	10	10	0	15
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	71,915	68,290	2,765	240	615	2,885
None	68,185	65,990	1,515	140	540	1,585
English	1,295	645	545	40	65	565
French	1,540	820	690	25	0	700
Non-official language	795	790	0	0	0	10
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	785	780	0	0	0	0
English and French	35	0	10	30	0	25
English and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	10
French and non-official language	45	35	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	71,910	68,290	2,760	245	610	2,885
English	64,845	64,840	0	0	0	0
French	2,950	300	2,650	0	0	2,650
Non-official language	3,375	2,575	75	120	610	130
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,365	2,560	75	120	615	135
English and French	425	290	10	120	0	75
English and non-official language	290	285	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	0	30	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	71,910	68,290	2,765	240	610	2,885
Official languages	71,265	68,260	2,765	240	0	2,885
English	71,145	68,260	2,640	240	0	2,765
French	9,390	6,385	2,765	240	0	2,885
Non-official languages	4,605	3,700	170	125	610	230
Aboriginal languages	35	35	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,575	3,670	165	125	610	230
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	71,910	68,295	2,765	245	615	2,885
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	1,605	1,480	110	10	10	115
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	1,520	1,395	110	10	0	115
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	920	850	65	0	0	65
Métis	565	505	45	15	0	50
Inuk (Inuit)	40	40	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	30	25	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	55	55	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	70,305	66,815	2,655	225	605	2,765
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	71,910	68,295	2,765	240	610	2,885
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	380	360	10	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	71,530	67,935	2,755	235	605	2,875
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	71,910	68,295	2,765	240	615	2,885
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	340	335	10	0	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	335	325	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	285	280	0	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	40	35	10	0	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	3,510	3,240	250	15	10	255
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	3,350	3,100	230	20	0	240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,825	2,610	210	0	10	210
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	425	20	15	0	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	60	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	155	140	15	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	150	130	15	0	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	68,060	64,720	2,505	225	605	2,620
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	71,910	68,290	2,765	240	615	2,885
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	69,185	66,270	2,645	165	100	2,730
Canadian citizens only	68,575	65,690	2,625	165	95	2,705
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	610	580	30	0	10	25
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	2,725	2,030	115	75	510	150
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	71,910	68,295	2,765	245	610	2,885
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	67,050	64,250	2,615	120	60	2,675
Immigrants^Footnote 42	4,200	3,465	120	75	540	160
Before 1981	1,165	1,145	25	0	0	20
1981 to 1990	280	260	10	10	10	10
1991 to 2000	335	295	10	15	10	15
2001 to 2010	855	785	0	15	45	15
2001 to 2005	300	275	0	10	15	0
2006 to 2010	555	510	0	10	35	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,565	980	75	30	475	95
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	665	580	35	45	10	50
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	4,200	3,470	120	75	535	160
Under 5 years	540	410	25	10	100	30
5 to 14 years	855	625	45	25	165	55
15 to 24 years	680	610	20	15	40	25
25 to 44 years	1,705	1,475	25	15	185	30
45 years and over	415	355	10	0	50	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	4,200	3,465	120	75	540	155
Americas	705	675	20	0	15	20
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	25	25	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0	0	0
Mexico	25	30	0	0	0	0
Peru	20	15	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	10	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	440	425	15	0	0	20
Other places of birth in Americas	155	145	0	0	10	0
Europe	1,160	1,125	10	25	0	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	10
Germany	95	95	0	0	0	0
Greece	50	50	0	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	20	20	0	0	0	0
Italy	20	15	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	40	40	0	0	0	0
Poland	25	20	0	0	0	0
Portugal	35	25	0	0	0	0
Romania	50	45	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	30	0	10	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	50	0	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	625	625	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	75	70	0	0	0	0
Africa	265	165	75	20	10	85
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	0	10	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	15	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	95	70	10	0	75
Asia	2,050	1,485	15	35	510	30
Afghanistan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	535	440	0	10	85	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	15	15	0	0	0	0
India	175	180	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	135	120	0	10	10	0
Iraq	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	180	170	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	75	10	0	0	60	0
Pakistan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Philippines	135	125	0	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	345	0	10	0	335	10
Taiwan	30	20	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	100	100	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	210	195	0	10	15	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	15	15	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,565	980	80	30	475	90
Americas	95	90	0	0	0	10
Brazil	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	70	65	0	0	0	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	65	60	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	20	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Africa	145	70	60	10	10	60
Algeria	10	0	0	0	10	0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	25	15	10	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0	0	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	15	35	0	0	30
Asia	1,245	750	15	25	465	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	380	300	0	10	70	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	70	75	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	75	65	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	90	80	0	10	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	75	80	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	65	0	0	0	65	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	35	30	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	325	0	10	0	315	10
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	10	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	60	60	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	30	0	0	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	71,910	68,295	2,760	240	610	2,885
First generation^Footnote 71	5,065	4,215	175	120	550	235
Second generation^Footnote 72	4,670	4,560	55	0	50	55
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	62,180	59,520	2,540	115	10	2,595
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	3,085	2,375	100	75	540	135
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,690	1,520	20	55	90	50
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	660	625	0	0	30	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	1,030	895	15	55	65	45
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	645	610	10	10	25	10
Refugees^Footnote 79	745	240	70	15	420	80
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	71,915	68,295	2,765	240	610	2,885
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	4,610	3,880	135	75	520	170
South Asian^Footnote 83	460	450	0	0	10	0
Chinese	945	795	10	20	120	15
Black	1,440	1,315	105	10	0	110
Filipino	220	210	0	10	0	10
Latin American	190	185	0	0	10	0
Arab	590	235	25	25	315	35
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	150	150	0	0	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	260	185	0	10	65	0
Korean	205	195	0	0	10	0
Japanese	25	25	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	25	25	0	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	115	110	0	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	67,305	64,415	2,625	170	90	2,710
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	71,910	68,290	2,765	240	610	2,885
North American Aboriginal origins	3,850	3,570	255	15	0	265
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,275	3,040	230	0	10	230
Inuit	85	80	0	0	0	0
Métis	670	610	40	10	0	55
Other North American origins	34,490	32,730	1,670	95	0	1,720
Acadian	1,075	750	310	20	0	315
American	705	685	25	0	0	25
Canadian	33,280	31,770	1,435	70	0	1,470
New Brunswicker	30	30	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	105	105	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	49,135	47,085	1,890	135	25	1,960
British Isles origins	41,705	41,125	505	75	0	540
Channel Islander	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	0	0	0	0
English	22,190	21,970	170	50	0	195
Irish	21,890	21,610	270	10	0	280
Manx	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	16,610	16,470	115	20	10	125
Welsh	1,295	1,265	20	10	0	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,265	1,260	10	0	0	10
French origins	15,140	13,280	1,780	75	0	1,815
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	15,140	13,275	1,780	80	0	1,820
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,110	5,040	40	25	0	50
Austrian	120	120	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	85	75	10	0	0	10
Dutch	1,785	1,775	10	0	0	15
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	3,355	3,320	20	20	0	30
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	85	80	0	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,275	1,265	10	0	0	10
Danish	405	395	10	0	0	10
Finnish	40	40	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	40	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	520	520	0	0	0	0
Swedish	250	250	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	95	100	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	1,505	1,480	0	25	10	10
Bulgarian	40	45	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	20	0	0	10	0
Czech	55	55	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	50	45	0	0	0	0
Estonian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	195	195	0	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	40	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	445	430	0	10	10	10
Romanian	115	110	0	0	0	0
Russian	285	265	0	20	0	10
Slovak	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	470	460	0	10	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	25	20	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,685	1,640	30	10	10	30
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	215	210	10	0	0	0
Italian	790	770	20	0	0	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	205	195	0	0	10	0
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	415	415	0	0	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	175	170	0	0	10	0
Basque	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	105	105	0	0	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	55	55	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	300	300	0	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	60	60	0	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	130	130	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	15	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	25	20	0	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	0	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	250	240	0	0	10	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	0	0	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	35	30	0	0	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	45	45	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	80	85	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	10	10	0	0	0	0
African origins	1,055	915	110	25	0	125
Central and West African origins	255	145	100	0	0	105
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	75	35	35	10	0	40
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	35	40	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	35	0	30	0	0	30
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	35	0	30	0	10	30
North African origins	100	85	10	10	0	15
Algerian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Berber	15	0	0	0	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	25	0	0	0	10
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	50	50	0	0	0	10
Sudanese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	80	70	0	10	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	15	0	10	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
South African	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	30	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	680	640	35	0	0	35
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	90	90	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	585	550	35	0	0	35
Asian origins	3,745	3,050	35	80	575	75
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,565	1,055	25	45	440	50
Afghan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	190	110	15	0	60	15
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	150	140	0	0	0	10
Iraqi	20	20	0	0	0	0
Israeli	35	35	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	575	575	0	10	0	0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	20	20	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Syrian	460	50	10	40	370	25
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turk	30	30	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	15	0	0	0	10	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	30	25	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	10	10	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	525	515	0	0	10	10
Bangladeshi	30	25	10	0	0	0
Bengali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	385	375	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	55	55	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	20	15	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	20	20	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,655	1,490	0	30	130	20
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chinese	1,055	905	0	20	125	15
Filipino	215	205	0	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	40	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	205	195	0	0	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	25	0	0	10	0
Thai	30	30	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	100	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	20	15	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	55	55	0	0	0	0
Australian	40	40	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	60,885	57,910	2,555	110	305	2,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,840	10,970	685	25	165	695
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	20,175	19,470	615	30	55	635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,870	27,475	1,255	50	85	1,280
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,840	4,570	260	0	15	260
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,370	2,220	140	0	10	140
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	2,465	2,345	120	0	0	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	13,620	13,050	535	15	25	540
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,025	920	75	0	25	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,385	8,930	385	35	30	405
Bachelor's degree	6,660	6,340	270	35	20	285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	600	45	0	0	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	185	10	0	0	10
Master's degree	1,695	1,620	55	0	10	60
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	200	180	20	0	0	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	60,880	57,910	2,555	110	310	2,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	32,015	30,440	1,295	60	220	1,325
Education	1,935	1,835	95	0	0	95
13. Education	1,935	1,835	95	0	0	95
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	725	685	40	0	0	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	175	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	545	510	35	0	0	35
Humanities	1,310	1,255	40	10	10	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	75	65	10	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	300	300	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	280	0	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	60	0	0	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	220	0	0	0	10
54. History	285	265	10	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/letters	85	55	15	10	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,180	2,095	70	0	15	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	25	0	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	175	0	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	375	15	0	10	15
22. Legal professions and studies	355	330	15	0	10	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	95	85	10	0	0	10
42. Psychology	570	550	20	0	0	20
45. Social sciences	565	550	10	0	0	15
Business, management and public administration	6,725	6,335	350	10	30	360
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	20	10	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	570	10	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,125	5,750	340	10	30	350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	795	745	50	0	0	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	285	15	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	220	15	0	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	150	130	25	0	0	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	95	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,325	1,230	80	10	10	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,190	1,110	65	10	0	70
25. Library science	50	45	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	60	10	0	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	10	10	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,785	6,440	320	10	20	325
04. Architecture and related services	65	65	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	725	690	25	0	10	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,310	1,250	55	0	0	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,000	1,885	115	0	0	115
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,740	1,660	65	0	10	65
48. Precision production	945	885	60	0	0	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	240	0	0	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	165	165	0	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	75	0	0	0	0
Health and related fields	4,730	4,595	120	10	10	125
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	125	110	25	0	0	20
51. Health professions and related programs	4,525	4,410	100	10	10	100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	80	80	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,120	2,020	95	0	0	90
12. Personal and culinary services	1,120	1,055	65	0	10	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	435	435	0	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	510	25	0	0	25
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	60,880	57,905	2,555	110	310	2,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,010	30,440	1,295	55	225	1,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	28,870	27,470	1,255	50	85	1,285
Location of study inside Canada	26,960	25,730	1,200	30	0	1,210
Same as province or territory of residence	22,210	21,265	920	20	10	930
Different than province or territory of residence	4,750	4,460	280	10	0	285
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	1,905	1,745	55	25	85	70
United States^Footnote 130	500	470	30	0	0	30
Philippines	100	100	0	0	0	0
India	70	75	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	220	220	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 132	250	205	0	0	50	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other	750	670	20	20	35	35
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	60,885	57,910	2,550	105	310	not applicable ...
In the labour force	37,480	35,960	1,405	55	60	not applicable ...
Employed	33,745	32,375	1,270	50	55	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,735	3,590	130	0	10	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	23,400	21,950	1,150	50	250	not applicable ...
Participation rate	61.6	62.1	55.1	52.4	19.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	55.4	55.9	49.8	47.6	17.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.0	9.3	0.0	16.7	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	60,880	57,905	2,550	110	310	2,610
Did not work^Footnote 135	22,070	20,750	1,090	20	205	1,105
Worked	38,810	37,155	1,465	90	105	1,510
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	21,175	20,285	845	10	35	850
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	17,640	16,875	620	75	70	660
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.0	43.1	32.8	40.6	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	39,925	38,220	1,500	85	115	1,545
a.Management	3,045	2,915	100	0	35	100
00 Senior management occupations	200	195	10	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	995	935	60	0	0	60
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,375	1,330	30	0	20	30
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	475	460	10	0	15	0
b.Professional	5,420	5,170	225	25	0	235
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	990	945	45	0	0	45
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	935	905	25	0	0	30
30 Professional occupations in nursing	890	870	20	0	0	20
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	430	415	10	10	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,105	1,010	90	15	0	95
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	740	705	35	0	0	35
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	315	320	0	0	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	3,990	3,840	140	10	0	145
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,455	1,380	70	0	10	70
32 Technical occupations in health	955	935	15	0	0	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	840	795	50	0	0	45
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	335	335	0	0	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	410	400	10	0	0	10
d.Administration and administrative support	5,185	4,950	220	10	10	220
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,990	1,880	110	0	0	110
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	380	355	30	0	0	30
14 Office support occupations	1,990	1,915	70	0	10	75
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	825	810	15	10	0	15
e.Sales	4,475	4,320	135	15	10	140
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,060	1,010	50	0	0	50
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,820	1,740	70	10	0	75
66 Sales support occupations	1,585	1,570	20	0	0	20
f.Personal and customer information services	10,120	9,680	365	35	40	385
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,035	1,030	10	0	0	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,255	1,205	45	0	0	50
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,380	1,295	45	0	30	50
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	3,370	3,170	190	15	0	195
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,080	2,980	75	10	10	85
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	3,160	3,010	145	0	10	140
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,095	1,985	100	0	0	105
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,060	1,025	35	0	0	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	2,760	2,630	105	10	15	110
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	565	545	15	10	0	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,430	1,365	60	0	10	55
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	760	715	35	0	15	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	550	525	25	0	0	25
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	150	145	10	0	0	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	75	70	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	325	310	10	0	0	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,225	1,175	45	10	0	45
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	560	535	20	0	0	20
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	225	220	10	10	0	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	80	80	0	0	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	360	340	15	0	0	15
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	39,930	38,220	1,500	90	120	1,545
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	300	270	15	0	15	15
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	115	100	0	0	20	0
113 Forestry and logging	55	50	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	100	90	15	0	0	15
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	25	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	385	370	15	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	120	120	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	65	60	0	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	205	190	0	0	0	10
22 Utilities	640	605	40	0	0	35
221 Utilities	635	605	40	0	0	40
23 Construction	2,865	2,715	130	0	15	130
236 Construction of buildings	620	590	30	0	10	25
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	380	365	15	0	0	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	1,865	1,765	85	10	10	90
31-33 Manufacturing	2,260	2,190	50	10	0	55
311 Food manufacturing	360	360	0	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	95	90	10	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	0	10	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	20	15	0	0	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	135	135	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	400	385	10	0	0	10
323 Printing and related support activities	65	60	10	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	335	325	10	0	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	35	40	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	130	125	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	125	125	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	45	40	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	265	255	10	0	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	65	65	0	0	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	20	25	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	0	0	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	35	35	10	0	0	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	75	70	10	0	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	1,500	1,435	65	0	10	65
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	415	405	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	190	185	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	45	45	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	35	30	0	0	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	150	140	0	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	455	420	35	0	0	35
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	160	145	15	0	10	15
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	45	50	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	5,310	5,165	120	15	10	125
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	590	590	0	0	0	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	120	120	10	0	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	160	155	10	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	395	385	10	0	0	10
445 Food and beverage stores	1,200	1,165	20	0	10	20
446 Health and personal care stores	570	560	0	0	0	10
447 Gasoline stations	205	200	10	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	485	445	35	0	0	35
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	220	215	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	855	825	20	10	0	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	335	330	10	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	185	175	0	0	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,760	1,675	75	0	0	80
481 Air transportation	120	90	30	0	0	30
482 Rail transportation	95	85	10	0	0	10
483 Water transportation	85	90	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	455	445	10	0	0	15
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	225	220	10	0	0	10
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	350	335	10	0	10	10
491 Postal service	235	235	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	140	130	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	45	45	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	820	760	60	0	10	60
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	140	135	0	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	40	40	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	70	70	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	410	355	45	0	10	50
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	45	50	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	120	115	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	1,460	1,385	75	0	0	75
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	415	390	25	0	0	25
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	100	100	0	0	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	945	890	50	0	0	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	530	0	0	10	0
531 Real estate	425	420	0	0	0	0
532 Rental and leasing services	115	110	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,460	2,370	85	0	0	85
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,460	2,370	80	10	0	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	50	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	50	50	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,540	3,420	115	0	0	110
561 Administrative and support services	3,410	3,295	105	0	0	110
562 Waste management and remediation services	130	125	10	0	0	0
61 Educational services	2,180	2,035	125	20	0	135
611 Educational services	2,180	2,035	130	15	0	135
62 Health care and social assistance	5,910	5,735	170	10	0	170
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,285	1,260	20	0	0	25
622 Hospitals	2,240	2,140	90	0	10	95
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,145	1,140	10	0	0	0
624 Social assistance	1,250	1,195	50	0	0	50
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	640	605	25	0	0	30
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	250	240	10	0	0	10
712 Heritage institutions	70	70	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	320	295	25	0	0	20
72 Accommodation and food services	3,295	3,185	70	20	15	80
721 Accommodation services	515	485	20	10	0	25
722 Food services and drinking places	2,780	2,700	50	10	20	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,900	1,805	75	0	10	80
811 Repair and maintenance	555	530	25	0	0	25
812 Personal and laundry services	665	635	25	0	0	25
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	565	535	30	0	10	30
814 Private households	115	110	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	2,115	1,920	195	0	0	195
911 Federal government public administration	870	740	130	0	0	130
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	545	485	55	0	0	60
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	695	690	10	0	0	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	33,745	32,375	1,270	55	55	1,295
Worked at home	1,295	1,250	35	0	0	40
Worked outside Canada	105	90	0	0	10	0
No fixed workplace address	3,420	3,300	115	0	0	115
Worked at usual place	28,925	27,730	1,120	50	30	1,140
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	39,930	38,220	1,500	90	120	1,545
English	38,880	37,695	1,125	45	10	1,150
French	395	150	250	0	0	245
Non-official language	260	140	0	15	105	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	260	140	0	15	105	10
English and French	340	180	130	30	0	145
English and non-official language	60	60	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	39,925	38,220	1,500	85	115	1,545
None	37,735	36,760	810	65	95	845
English	350	180	155	10	10	155
French	1,630	1,090	530	15	0	540
Non-official language	170	150	10	0	10	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	170	150	0	0	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	30	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	28,925	27,730	1,120	50	30	1,140
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,670	23,635	975	35	25	990
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,225	2,160	55	0	0	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,740	1,655	80	0	10	80
Commute to a different province or territory	295	280	10	10	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	32,345	31,030	1,235	50	35	1,260
Car, truck, van - as a driver	23,960	22,925	965	40	25	985
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,550	3,450	95	0	0	95
Public transit	1,980	1,895	75	0	10	75
Walked	2,365	2,290	70	0	0	75
Bicycle	105	100	0	0	0	0
Other method	395	370	20	0	0	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	32,350	31,030	1,230	50	35	1,255
Less than 15 minutes	14,445	13,810	600	25	10	615
15 to 29 minutes	12,970	12,485	450	15	20	460
30 to 44 minutes	2,965	2,850	105	10	10	110
45 to 59 minutes	1,095	1,050	35	0	0	40
60 minutes and over	880	845	40	0	0	35
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	32,345	31,030	1,230	50	35	1,255
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,615	1,570	45	10	0	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,160	4,980	175	10	0	180
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,445	9,050	385	0	10	385
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,380	7,040	325	15	10	335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,360	3,190	130	10	20	140
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,385	5,205	165	10	10	170
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	71,165	67,600	2,760	235	575	2,875
Non-movers	60,660	57,830	2,490	165	170	2,575
Movers	10,510	9,770	265	70	405	305
Non-migrants	7,480	7,285	170	15	15	175
Migrants	3,035	2,490	100	55	395	130
Internal migrants	2,250	2,155	80	15	0	90
Intraprovincial migrants	1,355	1,285	55	10	0	65
Interprovincial migrants	890	870	20	0	0	20
External migrants	780	330	20	40	390	40
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	68,365	64,950	2,715	230	475	2,830
Non-movers	42,680	40,660	1,850	110	60	1,905
Movers	25,690	24,290	865	115	415	925
Non-migrants	17,855	17,260	520	45	35	540
Migrants	7,830	7,035	345	70	375	385
Internal migrants	5,955	5,695	260	0	0	265
Intraprovincial migrants	3,865	3,695	165	0	0	165
Interprovincial migrants	2,095	2,000	95	0	0	100
External migrants	1,875	1,340	85	70	380	120

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Saint John

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.