Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in York

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,090	60,945	14,025
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,095	60,940	14,025
0 to 14 years	195,405	184,375	1,075	3,195	6,760	2,670
0 to 4 years	57,175	50,625	180	170	6,205	265
5 to 9 years	67,285	65,160	440	1,270	415	1,080
10 to 14 years	70,945	68,595	450	1,755	145	1,330
15 to 64 years	750,305	711,955	6,190	6,065	26,095	9,225
15 to 19 years	74,830	72,855	480	1,305	190	1,135
20 to 24 years	71,745	70,275	345	750	375	720
25 to 29 years	63,715	61,785	335	390	1,205	535
30 to 34 years	62,735	60,295	435	430	1,565	655
35 to 39 years	68,320	65,775	545	615	1,385	850
40 to 44 years	81,420	77,820	610	595	2,390	910
45 to 49 years	89,670	84,845	920	590	3,305	1,220
50 to 54 years	91,980	85,635	995	520	4,830	1,255
55 to 59 years	80,655	74,510	835	460	4,845	1,065
60 to 64 years	65,240	58,155	680	400	6,005	885
65 years and over	155,240	124,605	1,720	830	28,080	2,130
65 to 69 years	56,325	49,105	515	340	6,370	680
70 to 74 years	36,960	29,985	460	195	6,325	555
75 to 79 years	28,185	21,665	350	150	6,020	425
80 to 84 years	18,910	13,510	240	75	5,085	275
85 years and over	14,860	10,345	160	75	4,285	195
85 to 89 years	10,400	7,410	115	55	2,820	140
90 to 94 years	3,610	2,415	35	20	1,145	45
95 to 99 years	725	455	10	0	265	0
100 years and over	120	70	0	0	50	0
Average age	39.6	38.6	45.8	31.0	57.3	not applicable ...
Median age	40.9	39.6	48.7	23.4	63.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	905,545	836,560	7,905	6,895	54,180	11,355
Married or living common law	563,550	516,515	5,455	3,890	37,685	7,395
Married	527,025	481,730	4,850	3,720	36,725	6,710
Living common law	36,525	34,790	600	165	965	685
Not married and not living common law	342,000	320,040	2,455	3,010	16,490	3,955
Never married	244,195	238,245	1,385	2,675	1,895	2,720
Separated	18,735	17,340	205	70	1,120	240
Divorced	40,635	36,290	490	150	3,705	565
Widowed	38,435	28,165	375	120	9,775	435
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	905,545	836,560	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,565	793,815	7,535	5,985	52,225	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,867	52,939	68,697	47,151	17,228	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,021	35,713	49,415	29,923	14,765	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,730	793,970	7,530	5,990	52,235	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,049	42,599	53,304	38,544	16,010	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,314	32,514	42,618	28,168	14,729	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	777,380	731,010	6,930	5,450	33,990	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,547	53,101	69,425	47,851	15,093	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,349	35,343	49,239	30,300	9,647	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	607,260	551,255	5,010	4,240	46,755	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,013	5,817	7,283	5,112	8,272	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,958	1,871	3,614	1,441	5,759	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	649,045	619,640	5,695	4,585	19,125	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,177	53,039	70,412	50,666	19,185	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,293	37,501	52,915	36,303	13,233	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	91.6	92.4	92.9	92.3	57.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	77.5	78.2	77.5	82.3	40.8	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	8.4	7.6	7.1	7.7	43.0	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	905,545	836,560	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
Without total income	45,980	42,745	370	910	1,950	825
With total income	859,565	793,815	7,535	5,990	52,225	10,525
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	95.3	86.8	96.4	92.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	152,945	134,535	1,045	1,415	15,945	1,755
$10,000 to $19,999	149,465	125,245	820	1,070	22,330	1,355
$20,000 to $29,999	101,505	92,835	720	515	7,435	975
$30,000 to $39,999	79,675	75,375	570	465	3,265	805
$40,000 to $49,999	71,325	68,790	625	450	1,460	850
$50,000 to $59,999	59,100	57,480	580	325	715	740
$60,000 to $69,999	48,540	47,255	560	325	400	725
$70,000 to $79,999	38,590	37,655	475	225	235	585
$80,000 to $89,999	32,680	31,925	410	215	125	520
$90,000 to $99,999	30,815	30,070	390	300	50	540
$100,000 and over	94,940	92,645	1,335	685	270	1,680
$100,000 to $149,999	61,390	59,940	765	510	175	1,020
$150,000 and over	33,545	32,710	570	175	95	655
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	905,545	836,560	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
Without after-tax income	45,815	42,590	370	910	1,950	825
With after-tax income	859,730	793,975	7,535	5,990	52,230	10,530
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	95.3	86.8	96.4	92.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	156,060	137,445	1,085	1,430	16,105	1,800
$10,000 to $19,999	155,430	130,890	825	1,090	22,625	1,375
$20,000 to $29,999	115,295	105,870	845	600	7,985	1,140
$30,000 to $39,999	94,835	90,490	765	525	3,055	1,030
$40,000 to $49,999	84,130	81,465	840	540	1,285	1,110
$50,000 to $59,999	65,215	63,535	690	435	555	905
$60,000 to $69,999	49,755	48,620	570	305	260	720
$70,000 to $79,999	43,180	42,085	615	365	120	795
$80,000 and over	95,820	93,570	1,300	705	245	1,650
$80,000 to $89,999	29,740	29,065	340	255	80	470
$90,000 to $99,999	18,480	18,065	235	130	50	300
$100,000 and over	47,600	46,440	725	325	120	885
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	905,545	836,565	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
Without employment income	256,500	216,920	2,210	2,315	35,055	3,370
With employment income	649,045	619,640	5,695	4,585	19,125	7,985
Percentage with employment income	71.7	74.1	72.0	66.4	35.3	70.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	79,645	75,560	655	660	2,770	980
$5,000 to $9,999	53,650	49,000	385	405	3,860	585
$10,000 to $19,999	88,255	81,055	465	650	6,085	785
$20,000 to $29,999	65,370	61,715	395	335	2,930	560
$30,000 to $39,999	58,005	55,690	390	325	1,595	555
$40,000 to $49,999	54,750	53,160	415	375	800	605
$50,000 to $59,999	45,845	44,750	410	275	415	545
$60,000 to $69,999	38,605	37,610	395	305	290	550
$70,000 to $79,999	31,220	30,515	355	230	120	465
$80,000 and over	133,710	130,595	1,830	1,020	260	2,345
$80,000 to $89,999	28,215	27,640	310	175	95	395
$90,000 to $99,999	27,995	27,290	420	255	35	545
$100,000 and over	77,500	75,675	1,105	585	135	1,400
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	905,545	836,560	7,910	6,895	54,180	11,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	319,420	309,340	2,945	2,060	5,075	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	59,914	60,199	78,395	69,238	24,062	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	75,216	75,786	92,311	79,586	28,776	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,945	14,020
English only	965,805	965,800	0	0	0	0
French only	500	0	500	0	0	500
English and French	72,885	54,330	8,465	10,085	0	13,510
Neither English nor French	61,765	800	10	10	60,945	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,095	60,945	14,025
English	683,065	678,485	4,585	0	0	4,580
French	3,045	185	2,865	0	0	2,865
Non-official language	316,620	246,615	430	8,630	60,945	4,745
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	316,615	246,610	430	8,625	60,945	4,745
English and French	1,795	625	550	615	0	855
English and non-official language	94,350	94,215	130	0	0	135
French and non-official language	290	55	235	0	0	235
English, French and non-official language	1,785	755	185	850	0	610
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,945	14,020
None	818,425	753,355	4,480	4,225	56,365	6,590
English	124,540	116,185	1,615	4,770	1,975	4,000
French	7,445	5,410	1,920	105	20	1,970
Non-official language	145,680	142,070	690	355	2,565	870
Aboriginal	45	50	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	145,640	142,025	690	355	2,565	870
English and French	705	130	50	530	0	315
English and non-official language	2,790	2,550	120	95	25	165
French and non-official language	1,335	1,230	105	0	0	105
English, French and non-official language	30	15	0	15	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,090	60,945	14,020
English	524,215	524,195	15	0	0	20
French	8,035	600	7,435	0	0	7,440
Non-official language	530,240	459,545	605	9,140	60,940	5,180
Aboriginal	75	75	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	530,165	459,475	610	9,140	60,945	5,180
English and French	2,020	1,405	145	475	0	380
English and non-official language	34,230	34,225	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	940	270	670	0	0	675
English, French and non-official language	1,275	700	90	480	0	330
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,095	60,945	14,025
Official languages	1,039,185	1,020,130	8,965	10,090	0	14,010
English	1,038,685	1,020,135	8,470	10,085	0	13,510
French	73,385	54,330	8,965	10,085	0	14,005
Non-official languages	642,380	568,710	3,000	9,725	60,940	7,870
Aboriginal languages	130	120	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	642,250	568,585	2,990	9,730	60,940	7,860
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,940	14,025
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	5,910	5,600	310	0	0	315
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	5,530	5,225	310	0	0	310
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	3,380	3,275	105	0	0	110
Métis	2,075	1,875	200	0	0	200
Inuk (Inuit)	80	80	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	150	140	10	0	0	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	235	230	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,095,035	1,015,335	8,670	10,095	60,945	13,715
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,090	60,945	14,025
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	2,000	1,945	50	0	0	50
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,098,955	1,018,990	8,930	10,095	60,945	13,975
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,090	60,945	14,025
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	925	880	40	10	0	45
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	905	870	30	0	0	30
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	660	650	10	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	240	215	20	0	0	25
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	20	10	10	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	15	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	9,005	8,490	475	20	10	490
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	8,815	8,310	470	20	10	485
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,635	6,305	310	15	0	320
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,065	1,905	160	0	0	160
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	110	0	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	190	180	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	145	140	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	1,091,025	1,011,565	8,460	10,065	60,930	13,495
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,945	14,025
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	993,335	937,725	8,435	9,015	38,160	12,945
Canadian citizens only	908,015	859,855	7,450	6,640	34,065	10,770
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	85,325	77,870	985	2,380	4,090	2,170
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	107,615	83,210	545	1,070	22,785	1,085
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	1,100,950	1,020,940	8,975	10,090	60,945	14,025
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	570,710	555,050	5,680	3,730	6,250	7,545
Immigrants^Footnote 42	515,230	452,635	3,220	6,270	53,095	6,360
Before 1981	119,395	111,290	1,080	790	6,240	1,475
1981 to 1990	75,150	68,190	425	730	5,805	790
1991 to 2000	139,810	123,640	500	1,540	14,135	1,270
2001 to 2010	129,465	110,830	835	2,445	15,350	2,060
2001 to 2005	72,610	63,465	520	1,370	7,250	1,210
2006 to 2010	56,860	47,370	310	1,075	8,100	850
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	51,410	38,685	380	770	11,575	765
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	15,015	13,245	80	90	1,595	130
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	515,230	452,635	3,220	6,275	53,100	6,355
Under 5 years	43,285	41,175	330	1,125	655	895
5 to 14 years	84,305	81,950	505	1,385	470	1,195
15 to 24 years	111,620	104,930	685	845	5,160	1,110
25 to 44 years	218,675	195,570	1,375	2,530	19,205	2,640
45 years and over	57,340	29,015	320	390	27,610	520
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	515,225	452,635	3,220	6,275	53,100	6,355
Americas	42,700	41,505	145	480	570	380
Brazil	1,160	1,080	0	65	10	40
Colombia	1,845	1,700	20	65	65	50
El Salvador	990	935	0	15	40	10
Guyana	6,900	6,900	0	0	0	0
Haiti	135	40	85	10	0	90
Jamaica	8,660	8,640	0	0	10	0
Mexico	1,060	985	0	65	15	35
Peru	1,165	1,045	10	50	60	30
Trinidad and Tobago	3,875	3,870	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	7,420	7,310	20	50	40	45
Other places of birth in Americas	9,495	8,990	15	155	330	95
Europe	119,590	109,840	760	1,765	7,220	1,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	580	555	0	0	20	0
Croatia	930	895	0	0	30	10
France	715	310	395	10	0	400
Germany	3,660	3,570	25	60	10	55
Greece	4,770	4,555	0	25	195	10
Hungary	1,710	1,660	0	30	15	20
Ireland^Footnote 48	785	780	0	0	0	0
Italy	36,040	32,030	90	195	3,730	190
Netherlands	1,350	1,345	0	0	0	10
Poland	3,730	3,575	0	30	125	20
Portugal	4,705	4,280	25	45	360	45
Romania	6,290	5,295	50	575	365	335
Russian Federation	13,820	12,550	20	300	955	165
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,040	965	10	30	45	15
Ukraine	9,910	8,985	10	160	750	95
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	14,895	14,860	0	25	0	20
Other places of birth in Europe	14,640	13,630	125	265	620	260
Africa	20,925	18,130	1,785	775	235	2,170
Algeria	75	35	30	10	0	40
Egypt	3,970	3,350	260	270	95	395
Ethiopia	405	390	0	10	10	10
Kenya	2,100	2,060	10	20	15	15
Morocco	1,010	420	465	125	0	525
Nigeria	1,105	1,095	0	0	10	0
Somalia	350	340	0	0	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	3,930	3,915	10	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	7,975	6,535	1,020	335	90	1,185
Asia	331,090	282,265	520	3,245	45,070	2,135
Afghanistan	3,895	3,540	0	10	345	10
Bangladesh	1,325	1,300	0	0	20	10
China^Footnote 51	99,195	69,235	60	705	29,200	415
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	50,850	46,930	15	295	3,615	160
India	28,625	26,555	0	95	1,970	50
Iran^Footnote 53	32,615	29,750	65	800	2,000	465
Iraq	4,675	4,290	0	20	365	10
Japan	815	800	0	0	20	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	11,330	10,080	15	100	1,140	65
Lebanon	2,185	1,680	180	250	85	305
Pakistan	12,885	12,245	10	75	560	50
Philippines	18,180	18,010	10	15	140	20
Sri Lanka	19,550	17,765	0	155	1,630	75
Syria^Footnote 55	805	665	30	50	60	55
Taiwan	4,530	4,060	0	40	425	25
Viet Nam	11,300	9,060	40	110	2,085	95
Other places of birth in Asia	28,320	26,315	85	500	1,415	335
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	920	905	10	10	0	15
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	51,405	38,685	380	770	11,570	765
Americas	3,075	2,845	25	35	165	45
Brazil	210	195	0	0	0	0
Colombia	120	95	0	10	15	0
Cuba	85	70	0	0	20	0
Haiti	20	0	15	0	0	15
Jamaica	320	325	0	0	0	0
Mexico	205	190	0	10	0	10
United States^Footnote 58	1,135	1,090	0	10	35	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	130	95	0	0	30	10
Other places of birth in Americas	835	780	0	10	55	0
Europe	4,255	3,165	80	190	820	175
France	55	0	50	0	0	55
Germany	105	90	0	10	0	10
Ireland^Footnote 60	55	50	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	305	255	0	20	35	10
Romania	255	115	0	40	95	25
Russian Federation	1,040	735	0	30	275	15
Ukraine	880	625	0	35	220	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	460	455	0	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,095	840	10	50	195	35
Africa	1,625	1,290	215	100	20	265
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	30	30	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	40	0	40	0	0	40
Egypt	635	520	25	75	15	60
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	40	20	10	10	0	10
Nigeria	160	160	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	180	180	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	500	365	125	10	0	125
Asia	42,375	31,310	60	445	10,570	285
Afghanistan	350	290	0	0	55	0
Bangladesh	170	150	0	0	10	0
China^Footnote 63	20,045	11,500	10	115	8,415	65
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	990	880	0	20	95	10
India	2,615	2,360	0	15	245	10
Iran^Footnote 65	6,975	5,975	15	185	800	105
Iraq	585	485	0	0	100	0
Israel	850	805	0	30	25	15
Japan	105	105	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	1,250	1,095	0	15	135	10
Lebanon	115	80	10	15	0	20
Nepal	60	60	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,990	1,795	0	10	180	10
Philippines	3,015	2,955	10	10	40	15
Saudi Arabia	115	115	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	930	765	0	0	160	0
Syria^Footnote 67	180	140	0	10	35	0
Taiwan	215	195	0	0	15	0
Turkey	165	135	0	0	20	0
United Arab Emirates	255	250	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	295	195	0	0	95	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,125	990	0	10	120	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	80	80	0	0	0	0
Australia	45	50	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	30	30	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,945	14,025
First generation^Footnote 71	535,435	470,780	3,315	6,440	54,895	6,540
Second generation^Footnote 72	326,965	316,045	1,470	3,510	5,940	3,230
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	238,550	234,110	4,185	140	110	4,255
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	403,230	347,920	2,205	5,565	47,535	4,990
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	227,190	209,005	1,425	4,245	12,510	3,545
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	87,045	79,630	655	1,370	5,385	1,340
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	140,140	129,375	770	2,870	7,125	2,205
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	119,090	89,860	570	795	27,860	970
Refugees^Footnote 79	50,290	43,980	185	425	5,705	395
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	6,665	5,075	25	100	1,460	75
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,975	10,095	60,940	14,025
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	541,195	481,470	2,300	6,015	51,415	5,305
South Asian^Footnote 83	116,695	110,480	185	1,230	4,800	800
Chinese	244,320	201,680	605	2,195	39,840	1,705
Black	27,775	26,895	675	160	45	755
Filipino	25,865	25,660	30	45	135	55
Latin American	13,650	12,820	20	315	495	180
Arab	13,105	11,870	360	440	440	580
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	14,045	12,690	105	115	1,140	165
West Asian^Footnote 85	41,735	38,115	100	1,060	2,460	630
Korean	16,960	15,320	15	175	1,445	100
Japanese	2,755	2,680	0	20	45	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	7,305	7,075	95	60	75	125
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	16,985	16,175	105	200	500	205
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	559,750	539,465	6,675	4,080	9,530	8,715
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	1,100,950	1,020,935	8,980	10,090	60,945	14,025
North American Aboriginal origins	9,925	9,370	515	25	10	530
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,480	7,120	340	15	10	350
Inuit	165	150	0	0	10	0
Métis	2,485	2,285	195	0	0	200
Other North American origins	130,745	127,015	2,720	385	630	2,915
Acadian	445	350	95	0	0	90
American	7,185	7,135	25	15	10	35
Canadian	125,575	121,975	2,605	365	625	2,785
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	485	485	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	80	75	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	60	50	0	0	0	0
Québécois	145	115	35	0	0	35
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	10	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	523,255	505,530	5,320	3,495	8,910	7,070
British Isles origins	196,580	195,170	1,190	140	80	1,260
Channel Islander	90	90	0	0	0	0
Cornish	20	15	0	0	0	0
English	116,760	116,145	470	65	75	505
Irish	78,645	77,965	600	75	10	635
Manx	160	160	0	0	0	0
Scottish	81,160	80,785	335	30	10	350
Welsh	7,845	7,825	15	0	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	15,975	15,905	50	15	0	60
French origins	34,660	30,290	4,040	300	25	4,190
Alsatian	40	35	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	34,625	30,255	4,040	300	25	4,190
Western European origins (except French origins)	63,455	62,600	475	290	90	620
Austrian	5,535	5,450	10	55	20	40
Bavarian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,410	1,265	120	10	10	125
Dutch	16,530	16,425	60	35	10	80
Flemish	115	110	10	0	0	10
Frisian	30	30	0	0	0	0
German	42,540	41,995	285	200	55	390
Luxembourger	50	45	0	0	0	0
Swiss	2,480	2,395	70	0	10	70
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	105	105	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,060	9,970	45	30	25	55
Danish	2,240	2,210	30	10	0	35
Finnish	2,935	2,905	0	15	15	10
Icelandic	520	525	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,145	2,140	0	10	0	0
Swedish	2,280	2,250	0	10	10	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	500	500	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	120,040	114,055	445	2,165	3,370	1,530
Bulgarian	1,570	1,495	0	50	25	25
Byelorussian	2,850	2,590	0	70	190	35
Czech	2,255	2,215	10	20	10	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	1,005	1,000	0	0	0	0
Estonian	1,305	1,280	0	20	0	10
Hungarian	10,340	10,130	20	100	95	70
Latvian	2,010	1,945	20	15	35	30
Lithuanian	4,205	4,165	0	0	40	10
Moldovan	1,450	1,305	15	50	75	45
Polish	39,255	38,565	185	210	305	285
Romanian	12,785	11,575	100	680	420	440
Russian	47,550	44,400	120	1,025	2,005	635
Slovak	1,740	1,715	0	15	0	15
Ukrainian	26,070	24,550	55	440	1,030	275
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,595	1,575	0	10	0	10
Southern European origins	220,920	214,000	985	945	4,990	1,460
Albanian	2,020	1,820	10	60	135	40
Bosnian	350	340	0	0	10	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	3,930	3,845	10	30	40	30
Cypriot	585	585	0	0	10	0
Greek	21,445	21,050	70	85	235	110
Italian	159,465	154,540	605	455	3,870	835
Kosovar	15	15	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	7,005	6,890	10	20	80	25
Maltese	2,645	2,635	0	0	0	10
Montenegrin	105	100	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	20,335	19,795	50	95	395	95
Serbian	3,025	2,890	10	60	65	40
Sicilian	460	440	0	0	10	0
Slovenian	2,010	1,995	10	10	10	10
Spanish	13,780	13,055	265	230	230	380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,165	1,155	10	0	10	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	65	65	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	23,070	21,455	240	450	925	465
Basque	130	135	0	0	0	0
Jewish	20,870	19,305	220	435	905	435
Roma (Gypsy)	55	55	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	155	145	0	0	10	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	1,925	1,895	15	15	10	25
Caribbean origins	28,270	27,910	220	95	50	265
Antiguan	125	125	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	170	170	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,755	1,720	10	20	10	20
Bermudan	135	130	0	0	0	0
Carib	95	100	0	0	0	0
Cuban	895	855	0	10	30	0
Dominican	655	635	0	0	10	10
Grenadian	605	605	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	345	175	150	20	0	160
Jamaican	15,765	15,720	15	30	0	25
Kittitian/Nevisian	155	155	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	70	65	0	10	0	0
St. Lucian	165	165	0	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,110	4,100	15	10	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	605	610	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	4,215	4,180	35	0	0	35
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,010	1,000	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	24,715	23,740	65	470	440	300
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	585	575	0	0	0	10
Arawak	30	30	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,315	1,240	0	50	15	35
Belizean	70	65	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	1,290	1,210	0	65	0	40
Chilean	1,040	1,005	0	10	25	0
Colombian	2,880	2,685	15	90	95	55
Costa Rican	185	170	0	0	10	0
Ecuadorian	2,920	2,800	10	35	80	20
Guatemalan	525	515	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	6,290	6,280	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	455	450	0	0	0	0
Honduran	160	160	0	0	10	0
Maya	75	70	0	10	0	10
Mexican	2,165	1,995	15	100	50	70
Nicaraguan	470	445	0	0	30	0
Panamanian	245	240	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	45	35	0	0	10	0
Peruvian	1,530	1,420	15	40	55	35
Salvadorean	1,320	1,280	0	10	25	10
Uruguayan	400	380	0	10	15	0
Venezuelan	980	880	10	55	35	40
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	1,185	1,160	0	10	15	0
African origins	27,410	25,025	1,520	655	215	1,845
Central and West African origins	3,515	3,090	320	100	15	365
Akan	45	30	10	10	0	10
Angolan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	35	35	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	155	80	20	50	0	50
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	130	45	90	0	0	90
Edo	75	75	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,155	1,145	0	10	0	10
Guinean	70	20	50	0	0	50
Ibo	280	265	0	0	10	0
Ivorian	60	0	60	0	0	55
Liberian	15	20	0	0	0	0
Malian	35	10	30	0	0	30
Malinké	45	0	30	0	0	30
Nigerian	1,045	1,035	0	0	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	30	10	30	0	0	30
Sierra Leonean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	0	10	0	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	215	215	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	225	180	30	10	0	35
North African origins	10,250	8,820	865	415	150	1,075
Algerian	145	55	70	15	0	85
Berber	75	20	35	20	0	50
Coptic	430	380	15	15	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	6,285	5,645	260	260	115	390
Libyan	105	100	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	3,045	2,485	450	85	25	490
Sudanese	325	310	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	355	200	140	15	10	145
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	15	10	10	0	0	10
Southern and East African origins	7,735	7,350	245	115	30	295
Afrikaner	65	70	0	0	0	0
Amhara	55	55	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	60	15	30	15	0	40
Djiboutian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	270	270	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	690	675	0	10	10	0
Harari	50	45	0	0	0	10
Kenyan	475	455	0	20	10	0
Malagasy	45	15	25	10	0	25
Mauritian	435	230	160	40	10	185
Oromo	105	100	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	675	630	20	20	10	30
South African	3,385	3,375	0	10	0	10
Tanzanian	375	345	0	20	15	10
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	200	200	0	0	0	0
Zambian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	245	245	0	0	0	0
Zulu	20	20	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	890	885	0	10	0	0
Other African origins	6,050	5,905	100	30	20	115
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	695	680	10	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	5,420	5,275	100	30	20	110
Asian origins	514,515	455,055	1,775	6,110	51,575	4,830
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	83,320	76,490	670	2,250	3,910	1,795
Afghan	6,365	5,920	0	85	365	40
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	2,595	2,375	55	110	55	110
Armenian	5,820	5,170	75	365	205	265
Assyrian	1,530	1,340	0	10	180	0
Azerbaijani	1,390	1,265	0	20	100	15
Georgian	625	565	0	15	40	10
Hazara	65	65	0	0	0	0
Iranian	41,005	37,420	120	1,140	2,330	685
Iraqi	5,150	4,915	0	45	195	20
Israeli	6,750	6,590	35	70	45	75
Jordanian	610	585	0	15	10	15
Kazakh	240	215	0	10	15	0
Kurd	1,090	1,025	10	10	45	10
Kuwaiti	35	35	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	105	90	0	10	10	10
Lebanese	4,575	3,930	310	240	95	430
Palestinian	1,735	1,655	15	50	15	40
Pashtun	170	165	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	105	110	0	0	0	0
Syrian	1,340	1,170	75	45	50	95
Tajik	265	250	10	10	10	10
Tatar	640	575	10	20	40	15
Turk	3,910	3,575	30	100	205	85
Turkmen	130	110	15	10	0	15
Uighur	50	40	0	0	0	10
Uzbek	480	460	0	10	10	10
Yemeni	565	515	0	25	15	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	1,690	1,590	10	10	85	10
South Asian origins	119,085	112,940	255	1,180	4,710	850
Bangladeshi	840	820	0	0	15	0
Bengali	615	610	0	10	0	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	72,850	69,840	240	490	2,280	480
Goan	490	490	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	635	580	0	0	55	0
Kashmiri	125	125	0	0	0	0
Nepali	200	200	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	13,600	12,885	10	200	510	105
Punjabi	2,785	2,460	0	55	270	25
Sinhalese	690	690	0	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	22,040	20,440	0	325	1,275	170
Tamil	8,435	7,810	0	115	515	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	5,970	5,500	10	95	365	55
East and Southeast Asian origins	316,010	269,490	845	2,710	42,960	2,200
Burmese	310	290	0	0	15	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,350	2,125	15	15	190	25
Chinese	255,965	212,815	700	2,325	40,130	1,860
Filipino	28,830	28,625	35	35	130	55
Hmong	20	10	0	0	10	0
Indonesian	990	965	0	0	30	0
Japanese	4,190	4,040	10	70	70	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	18,190	16,455	30	180	1,525	120
Laotian	1,295	1,205	15	35	40	35
Malaysian	950	940	0	0	15	0
Mongolian	350	335	10	10	0	10
Singaporean	195	190	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	2,070	1,905	0	30	130	15
Thai	565	535	10	0	20	15
Tibetan	90	85	0	0	10	0
Vietnamese	12,420	11,005	90	90	1,240	135
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	515	495	0	0	15	0
Other Asian origins	1,000	970	0	10	35	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,005	965	0	0	35	0
Oceania origins	1,045	1,035	0	0	0	0
Australian	650	645	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	225	225	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	180	180	0	0	0	0
Fijian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	905,540	836,565	7,905	6,900	54,175	11,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	144,850	115,115	940	1,180	27,620	1,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	234,965	217,260	1,570	1,340	14,805	2,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	525,730	504,190	5,400	4,385	11,755	7,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40,135	38,350	415	180	1,190	505
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	20,560	19,500	220	95	745	265
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	19,575	18,850	195	80	440	240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	157,790	151,945	1,630	615	3,605	1,935
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,120	24,350	305	185	1,285	395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	301,685	289,550	3,050	3,405	5,675	4,755
Bachelor's degree	206,795	198,955	1,940	1,880	4,020	2,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20,795	19,670	240	385	495	435
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,345	7,835	90	80	340	130
Master's degree	58,285	56,035	645	900	705	1,095
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	7,470	7,055	135	160	120	215
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	905,545	836,565	7,905	6,895	54,180	11,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	379,815	332,370	2,510	2,515	42,425	3,765
Education	29,825	28,140	500	280	905	640
13. Education	29,825	28,145	500	280	900	645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,295	19,585	215	125	370	280
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,480	2,410	40	10	25	40
50. Visual and performing arts	17,815	17,175	180	120	345	235
Humanities	29,135	27,570	420	455	695	645
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	4,430	3,850	105	165	305	190
23. English language and literature/letters	7,595	7,420	35	55	80	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,905	8,545	95	90	175	140
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	60	60	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,460	1,415	15	15	15	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,920	1,840	20	20	40	30
54. History	3,695	3,550	50	30	60	65
55. French language and literature/letters	1,080	890	90	90	10	135
Social and behavioural sciences and law	68,605	66,515	570	575	935	860
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	725	680	15	30	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,520	5,395	45	35	45	65
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,140	9,810	45	85	200	90
22. Legal professions and studies	11,645	11,260	115	75	195	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	1,020	990	15	20	0	15
42. Psychology	10,150	9,960	105	70	20	145
45. Social sciences	29,395	28,430	225	265	475	360
Business, management and public administration	131,760	127,055	1,395	1,050	2,250	1,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	305	300	0	0	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,950	5,815	90	35	15	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	125,505	120,945	1,305	1,020	2,235	1,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25,985	24,870	230	245	640	350
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,985	9,680	95	110	105	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,960	6,820	60	50	30	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	500	490	0	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	7,710	7,095	75	80	465	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	835	790	10	0	40	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	36,520	35,365	380	350	425	555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	28,105	27,385	270	255	200	400
25. Library science	900	875	0	10	20	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,735	6,365	80	80	205	120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	785	745	30	10	0	35
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	101,045	95,835	865	900	3,440	1,320
04. Architecture and related services	5,405	5,190	45	40	125	70
14. Engineering	47,390	44,225	390	690	2,090	730
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	16,570	15,865	135	60	510	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,990	12,580	110	30	270	125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,840	12,385	120	60	275	150
48. Precision production	5,845	5,585	65	30	165	80
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,590	5,240	45	45	260	70
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,385	3,130	25	30	195	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,205	2,110	25	10	60	25
Health and related fields	56,325	54,140	605	250	1,330	730
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,960	5,810	75	0	70	75
51. Health professions and related programs	48,290	46,370	490	225	1,195	605
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,070	1,955	35	20	60	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	20,600	19,820	180	95	510	225
12. Personal and culinary services	13,045	12,500	110	60	380	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	65	40	10	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	125	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,800	4,745	30	10	10	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,565	2,410	35	10	105	40
Other	45	50	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	905,545	836,560	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	379,820	332,370	2,505	2,515	42,425	3,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	525,730	504,190	5,395	4,385	11,755	7,590
Location of study inside Canada	359,920	352,885	4,115	2,135	785	5,185
Same as province or territory of residence	338,735	333,480	2,800	1,695	765	3,650
Different than province or territory of residence	21,180	19,405	1,315	440	20	1,535
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	165,810	151,305	1,280	2,250	10,965	2,410
United States^Footnote 130	14,620	14,305	150	150	20	220
Philippines	9,855	9,835	10	0	0	10
India	13,030	12,860	10	35	130	25
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	9,775	9,630	90	50	0	115
China^Footnote 132	28,925	22,440	10	70	6,405	45
France	615	200	265	150	0	340
Other	88,985	82,045	760	1,785	4,400	1,650
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	905,540	836,565	7,905	6,900	54,180	not applicable ...
In the labour force	604,200	579,600	5,305	4,305	14,990	not applicable ...
Employed	565,290	542,910	5,055	3,955	13,370	not applicable ...
Unemployed	38,905	36,690	245	350	1,620	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	301,345	256,960	2,600	2,595	39,190	not applicable ...
Participation rate	66.7	69.3	67.1	62.4	27.7	not applicable ...
Employment rate	62.4	64.9	63.9	57.3	24.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.3	4.6	8.1	10.8	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	905,540	836,565	7,905	6,900	54,180	11,355
Did not work^Footnote 135	285,085	241,830	2,400	2,465	38,380	3,640
Worked	620,465	594,730	5,505	4,430	15,795	7,720
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	329,290	318,660	3,045	2,130	5,455	4,110
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	291,175	276,070	2,460	2,300	10,340	3,610
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.0	43.5	40.4	38.9	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	640,825	613,810	5,635	4,680	16,700	7,975
a.Management	86,015	82,720	1,070	520	1,705	1,325
00 Senior management occupations	10,860	10,520	175	40	125	195
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	33,225	32,245	485	265	235	615
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	26,930	25,705	245	155	825	320
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	15,000	14,250	165	60	520	195
b.Professional	145,885	141,820	1,640	1,755	670	2,515
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	34,855	34,030	240	355	235	420
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	44,470	43,385	360	570	165	640
30 Professional occupations in nursing	7,240	7,135	50	25	20	65
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	10,560	10,315	145	80	20	185
40 Professional occupations in education services	26,805	25,745	550	460	50	780
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	15,910	15,415	210	180	105	300
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	6,045	5,800	80	80	85	120
c.Technical and paraprofessional	62,160	60,575	520	445	615	745
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	18,675	18,220	140	165	160	220
32 Technical occupations in health	9,300	9,070	75	20	135	85
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	13,790	13,440	125	120	105	180
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	3,230	3,170	50	15	0	55
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	17,165	16,690	135	130	215	200
d.Administration and administrative support	87,810	85,400	790	545	1,070	1,065
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	36,495	35,580	355	240	325	475
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	8,545	8,310	105	35	85	120
14 Office support occupations	33,285	32,315	265	210	500	365
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	9,480	9,195	75	60	155	100
e.Sales	75,640	72,955	470	540	1,680	735
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	24,405	23,755	230	170	255	315
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	33,535	32,460	165	235	675	285
66 Sales support occupations	17,695	16,745	65	130	750	135
f.Personal and customer information services	88,940	82,030	650	505	5,755	900
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	5,890	5,740	30	25	90	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	10,360	9,475	55	30	800	65
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	17,745	15,260	75	75	2,340	115
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	29,520	27,825	405	230	1,065	515
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	25,425	23,730	90	145	1,460	160
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	35,800	34,340	250	130	1,075	315
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	23,415	22,335	180	70	840	210
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	12,380	12,005	70	65	240	105
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	27,935	26,545	120	115	1,155	175
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	7,255	6,860	50	20	325	65
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	14,780	14,225	50	80	425	90
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	5,900	5,465	25	10	405	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,735	6,510	30	15	180	35
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,320	1,305	10	0	10	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	880	805	0	0	70	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	4,535	4,400	20	15	100	30
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	23,915	20,905	105	110	2,790	160
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,675	2,595	20	20	40	30
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,635	5,575	15	40	1,005	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	8,050	7,365	45	30	610	60
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	6,555	5,370	25	20	1,135	30
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	640,830	613,815	5,630	4,680	16,700	7,975
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,550	2,375	15	0	155	15
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,205	2,025	15	0	160	15
113 Forestry and logging	40	45	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	300	300	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	870	835	15	10	10	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	185	180	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	325	305	10	10	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	355	355	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	3,515	3,435	35	25	15	50
221 Utilities	3,510	3,435	40	25	15	45
23 Construction	45,630	43,680	245	160	1,545	325
236 Construction of buildings	13,840	12,925	95	65	760	130
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	4,390	4,295	20	10	65	20
238 Specialty trade contractors	27,400	26,460	135	85	720	175
31-33 Manufacturing	57,350	53,480	440	410	3,020	645
311 Food manufacturing	6,150	5,400	60	65	630	90
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	675	655	10	10	0	15
313 Textile mills	240	200	0	0	40	0
314 Textile product mills	330	285	0	0	40	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,515	1,005	10	10	490	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	155	135	0	0	20	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	1,210	1,135	10	10	55	15
322 Paper manufacturing	1,050	1,020	0	0	30	0
323 Printing and related support activities	3,715	3,545	20	10	145	30
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	165	150	0	10	0	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	4,490	4,355	45	50	45	70
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,225	2,980	20	10	210	30
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	1,525	1,505	10	0	15	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	845	805	0	10	35	10
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	4,750	4,550	30	30	140	45
333 Machinery manufacturing	3,855	3,685	40	25	110	50
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	4,315	4,055	50	45	165	70
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	1,235	1,165	10	15	40	20
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	9,970	9,465	90	90	325	135
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	4,465	4,125	10	15	320	15
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	3,465	3,260	25	10	170	30
41 Wholesale trade	33,135	31,415	500	260	965	630
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	165	155	0	0	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	170	165	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	5,030	4,555	45	45	390	70
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	6,675	6,380	120	45	130	145
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,535	1,475	25	20	15	40
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	4,290	4,140	55	25	75	70
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	10,200	9,790	195	100	120	245
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	3,430	3,245	35	15	135	40
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	1,635	1,510	20	10	95	25
44-45 Retail trade	75,225	72,270	450	425	2,075	665
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	8,105	7,910	70	55	70	100
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	3,545	3,425	10	10	100	15
443 Electronics and appliance stores	3,805	3,685	30	15	85	35
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	4,405	4,300	25	20	65	30
445 Food and beverage stores	16,330	15,185	45	70	1,030	80
446 Health and personal care stores	8,495	8,275	80	40	110	95
447 Gasoline stations	1,015	985	0	10	15	15
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	11,740	11,265	75	90	305	125
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	3,285	3,220	15	10	40	20
452 General merchandise stores	7,890	7,710	55	60	65	85
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	4,110	3,945	30	35	100	45
454 Non-store retailers	2,490	2,380	0	10	90	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	22,475	21,760	175	190	355	270
481 Air transportation	1,625	1,565	45	15	0	50
482 Rail transportation	460	445	10	10	0	10
483 Water transportation	80	80	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	5,050	4,835	25	40	145	45
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	6,320	6,200	20	50	45	45
486 Pipeline transportation	60	60	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	45	40	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	3,155	3,025	25	55	45	55
491 Postal service	1,950	1,920	10	10	10	10
492 Couriers and messengers	2,145	2,085	20	0	40	20
493 Warehousing and storage	1,590	1,500	20	10	50	30
51 Information and cultural industries	17,895	17,475	195	140	80	265
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	3,915	3,780	55	40	35	75
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	2,515	2,475	10	15	15	20
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,475	1,455	15	0	0	10
517 Telecommunications	7,060	6,900	80	70	10	120
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	975	950	15	0	10	20
519 Other information services	1,940	1,910	15	15	0	25
52 Finance and insurance	51,695	50,370	470	505	355	725
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	28,440	27,830	220	320	70	385
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	8,380	8,110	65	85	120	110
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	14,370	13,940	180	100	150	225
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	495	480	10	10	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	19,915	19,385	120	95	310	170
531 Real estate	18,525	18,040	110	90	290	155
532 Rental and leasing services	1,320	1,280	15	10	25	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	70	70	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	71,690	69,405	705	720	855	1,060
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	71,685	69,405	705	715	860	1,060
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,555	1,520	20	10	10	20
551 Management of companies and enterprises	1,560	1,520	15	10	10	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	26,620	25,415	230	115	870	290
561 Administrative and support services	25,645	24,460	230	115	850	285
562 Waste management and remediation services	975	950	10	0	15	10
61 Educational services	51,690	49,970	800	655	265	1,125
611 Educational services	51,690	49,970	800	655	270	1,125
62 Health care and social assistance	54,115	52,595	425	280	820	565
621 Ambulatory health care services	23,310	22,730	195	135	250	265
622 Hospitals	12,830	12,675	100	45	15	125
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	6,765	6,565	65	20	105	75
624 Social assistance	11,210	10,620	65	75	455	100
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	13,700	13,400	90	100	115	135
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,320	3,220	15	40	45	30
712 Heritage institutions	440	435	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	9,940	9,745	70	55	70	100
72 Accommodation and food services	38,650	34,765	220	240	3,425	340
721 Accommodation services	3,415	3,295	15	15	80	30
722 Food services and drinking places	35,235	31,465	200	220	3,345	310
81 Other services (except public administration)	27,395	25,635	180	165	1,415	260
811 Repair and maintenance	7,415	7,045	65	55	240	95
812 Personal and laundry services	10,160	9,445	50	45	620	75
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,320	6,115	55	55	95	85
814 Private households	3,500	3,030	10	10	465	10
91 Public administration	25,160	24,630	310	190	30	405
911 Federal government public administration	5,595	5,390	125	70	10	160
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	5,375	5,195	100	75	0	135
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	14,080	13,945	85	45	10	105
914 Aboriginal public administration	40	40	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	70	60	0	0	0	10
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	565,295	542,915	5,050	3,955	13,375	7,030
Worked at home	48,950	46,590	565	370	1,425	750
Worked outside Canada	4,205	3,695	30	60	420	65
No fixed workplace address	65,160	61,785	465	370	2,540	650
Worked at usual place	446,975	430,845	3,990	3,155	8,985	5,570
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	640,830	613,810	5,635	4,680	16,700	7,975
English	592,040	580,765	4,360	3,735	3,175	6,225
French	1,775	965	625	175	10	715
Non-official language	28,885	16,070	25	110	12,680	80
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	28,880	16,065	25	110	12,685	80
English and French	2,400	1,390	560	445	0	785
English and non-official language	15,535	14,500	30	165	840	115
French and non-official language	20	10	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	180	115	30	45	0	50
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	640,830	613,815	5,635	4,680	16,705	7,970
None	580,175	559,425	3,840	3,555	13,360	5,615
English	12,250	9,960	400	205	1,680	505
French	5,630	3,920	1,285	425	0	1,495
Non-official language	41,725	39,650	60	435	1,585	275
Aboriginal	20	25	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,700	39,630	60	435	1,580	275
English and French	10	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	600	515	0	10	80	0
French and non-official language	440	335	50	55	0	80
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	446,980	430,840	3,995	3,155	8,985	5,570
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	132,650	128,040	1,020	790	2,795	1,415
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	103,955	100,595	1,010	620	1,735	1,320
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	209,555	201,420	1,950	1,730	4,445	2,815
Commute to a different province or territory	820	790	15	10	0	20
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	512,140	492,630	4,455	3,525	11,530	6,220
Car, truck, van - as a driver	395,785	381,925	3,480	2,505	7,875	4,735
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	32,935	30,485	210	220	2,020	325
Public transit	65,320	62,900	615	665	1,140	945
Walked	12,025	11,575	90	60	305	120
Bicycle	1,460	1,345	25	30	60	35
Other method	4,610	4,405	40	45	125	55
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	512,135	492,630	4,455	3,530	11,525	6,220
Less than 15 minutes	78,745	76,180	620	405	1,540	825
15 to 29 minutes	139,550	133,775	1,170	905	3,695	1,625
30 to 44 minutes	128,565	123,010	1,025	910	3,615	1,480
45 to 59 minutes	66,940	64,685	710	475	1,070	945
60 minutes and over	98,340	94,980	930	825	1,605	1,345
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	512,140	492,630	4,455	3,525	11,525	6,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	27,120	26,240	225	95	565	270
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,075	76,480	805	470	1,315	1,040
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	139,830	135,420	1,485	1,070	1,855	2,025
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	120,375	115,985	1,020	935	2,430	1,490
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	82,450	77,360	505	510	4,070	765
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	63,285	61,135	420	440	1,290	635
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	1,090,730	1,012,425	8,935	10,045	59,325	13,955
Non-movers	979,135	912,330	8,045	8,830	49,925	12,460
Movers	111,595	100,095	890	1,210	9,400	1,495
Non-migrants	55,645	50,380	355	565	4,340	645
Migrants	55,950	49,715	530	650	5,055	860
Internal migrants	42,650	39,395	455	445	2,350	680
Intraprovincial migrants	39,815	36,910	380	295	2,230	530
Interprovincial migrants	2,830	2,480	75	150	120	150
External migrants	13,305	10,325	70	205	2,700	180
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	1,043,775	970,310	8,800	9,925	54,740	13,760
Non-movers	687,285	647,320	5,855	5,840	28,275	8,775
Movers	356,490	322,995	2,945	4,080	26,465	4,990
Non-migrants	169,945	156,160	1,130	1,780	10,870	2,020
Migrants	186,540	166,830	1,815	2,305	15,595	2,970
Internal migrants	133,660	124,690	1,420	1,510	6,040	2,180
Intraprovincial migrants	126,340	118,445	1,020	1,180	5,700	1,610
Interprovincial migrants	7,325	6,245	405	335	345	570
External migrants	52,880	42,140	390	795	9,555	785

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – York

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.