Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Markham, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	327,400	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,320	4,020
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	327,400	289,500	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,025
0 to 14 years	55,350	50,865	350	840	3,290	770
0 to 4 years	17,080	13,990	60	50	2,975	90
5 to 9 years	18,975	18,310	160	275	230	290
10 to 14 years	19,300	18,570	130	515	85	390
15 to 64 years	223,485	202,745	1,660	2,065	17,015	2,690
15 to 19 years	20,980	20,220	115	525	125	375
20 to 24 years	21,570	20,905	70	320	275	230
25 to 29 years	21,130	19,855	135	140	995	210
30 to 34 years	20,570	19,100	150	135	1,195	215
35 to 39 years	20,365	19,075	160	145	975	235
40 to 44 years	23,410	21,380	175	160	1,695	255
45 to 49 years	24,710	22,195	215	205	2,095	315
50 to 54 years	26,105	22,495	275	170	3,170	360
55 to 59 years	23,480	20,185	170	135	2,995	235
60 to 64 years	21,155	17,340	205	120	3,495	265
65 years and over	48,565	35,885	440	235	12,010	560
65 to 69 years	17,975	14,710	150	100	3,020	195
70 to 74 years	12,045	8,990	155	60	2,840	180
75 to 79 years	8,470	5,950	70	30	2,420	80
80 to 84 years	5,665	3,515	50	20	2,090	60
85 years and over	4,410	2,720	20	30	1,640	40
85 to 89 years	3,210	2,035	20	25	1,130	30
90 to 94 years	960	580	10	0	375	0
95 to 99 years	195	90	0	0	105	0
100 years and over	45	20	0	0	25	0
Average age	40.0	38.4	44.0	30.9	54.6	not applicable ...
Median age	40.9	38.6	46.5	22.8	59.0	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	272,050	238,630	2,105	2,295	29,025	3,250
Married or living common law	169,940	146,700	1,415	1,145	20,675	1,990
Married	161,730	139,295	1,290	1,105	20,040	1,840
Living common law	8,205	7,405	125	40	635	150
Not married and not living common law	102,115	91,930	690	1,145	8,350	1,260
Never married	73,695	70,970	415	1,060	1,255	945
Separated	4,815	4,080	65	25	640	80
Divorced	12,280	9,545	130	40	2,565	150
Widowed	11,320	7,335	75	20	3,890	90
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,025	3,250
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	256,980	225,045	2,010	1,935	27,990	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,184	48,555	65,836	47,822	16,416	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,197	32,585	51,435	26,200	14,517	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	257,045	225,110	2,010	1,930	27,995	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,126	39,669	51,730	38,774	15,514	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,390	30,041	44,724	24,411	14,461	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	228,145	205,710	1,865	1,775	18,795	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,235	48,909	65,776	48,819	14,791	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,164	32,398	48,957	25,486	10,346	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	188,510	160,645	1,365	1,335	25,170	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,639	5,392	6,954	4,325	7,212	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,667	1,575	2,936	723	3,116	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	186,150	170,725	1,575	1,475	12,365	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,769	49,754	63,220	53,315	17,731	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,196	35,077	50,458	36,207	13,060	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	90.8	92.1	92.9	93.6	60.5	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	76.6	77.7	75.4	85.0	47.7	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	9.2	7.9	7.2	6.3	39.5	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	272,050	238,625	2,100	2,300	29,020	3,250
Without total income	15,070	13,580	95	365	1,035	275
With total income	256,980	225,050	2,010	1,935	27,990	2,975
Percentage with total income	94.5	94.3	95.7	84.1	96.5	91.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	52,735	43,195	320	520	8,705	575
$10,000 to $19,999	49,525	36,715	160	365	12,285	340
$20,000 to $29,999	30,855	26,650	200	140	3,870	270
$30,000 to $39,999	23,725	21,750	170	125	1,690	225
$40,000 to $49,999	20,045	19,075	140	130	705	205
$50,000 to $59,999	15,965	15,375	170	100	315	215
$60,000 to $69,999	13,165	12,730	175	105	150	235
$70,000 to $79,999	10,180	9,905	110	60	105	140
$80,000 to $89,999	8,365	8,150	100	65	55	130
$90,000 to $99,999	8,040	7,820	95	115	10	155
$100,000 and over	24,375	23,680	380	220	95	490
$100,000 to $149,999	16,270	15,820	215	165	70	300
$150,000 and over	8,105	7,860	165	55	30	190
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,025	3,245
Without after-tax income	15,005	13,515	95	365	1,030	275
With after-tax income	257,045	225,110	2,005	1,935	27,995	2,975
Percentage with after-tax income	94.5	94.3	95.5	84.3	96.5	91.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,665	44,045	325	525	8,770	590
$10,000 to $19,999	51,295	38,265	165	370	12,500	350
$20,000 to $29,999	34,660	30,145	240	150	4,130	315
$30,000 to $39,999	27,870	25,970	205	160	1,535	285
$40,000 to $49,999	22,540	21,565	210	160	610	290
$50,000 to $59,999	17,715	17,170	190	140	215	265
$60,000 to $69,999	13,080	12,715	170	80	115	210
$70,000 to $79,999	11,340	11,045	125	135	30	190
$80,000 and over	24,875	24,185	380	215	90	485
$80,000 to $89,999	7,960	7,745	115	65	30	150
$90,000 to $99,999	4,995	4,860	70	40	25	95
$100,000 and over	11,920	11,585	190	115	35	250
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,300	29,020	3,250
Without employment income	85,905	67,900	520	815	16,660	935
With employment income	186,150	170,725	1,575	1,480	12,365	2,320
Percentage with employment income	68.4	71.5	75.0	64.3	42.6	71.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	23,760	21,595	185	235	1,740	305
$5,000 to $9,999	16,760	13,975	100	135	2,550	170
$10,000 to $19,999	27,800	23,340	125	210	4,125	230
$20,000 to $29,999	20,445	18,185	140	90	2,025	190
$30,000 to $39,999	17,045	15,830	115	90	1,010	160
$40,000 to $49,999	15,300	14,665	110	115	405	165
$50,000 to $59,999	12,510	12,085	115	80	230	160
$60,000 to $69,999	10,165	9,835	100	95	130	150
$70,000 to $79,999	8,360	8,150	90	70	60	120
$80,000 and over	34,010	33,065	495	355	90	670
$80,000 to $89,999	7,050	6,890	65	55	30	95
$90,000 to $99,999	7,200	6,965	130	105	10	180
$100,000 and over	19,760	19,210	300	190	55	395
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	272,055	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,025	3,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	87,215	82,315	780	685	3,430	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	56,396	57,873	75,768	70,679	23,256	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	70,305	71,843	87,053	86,580	26,351	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	327,405	289,500	2,455	3,135	32,315	4,020
English only	275,490	275,490	0	0	0	0
French only	170	0	170	0	0	170
English and French	19,025	13,600	2,285	3,135	0	3,855
Neither English nor French	32,720	405	0	0	32,315	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	327,400	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,320	4,020
English	155,825	154,820	1,005	0	0	1,005
French	950	35	910	0	0	915
Non-official language	134,345	99,215	155	2,660	32,315	1,485
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	134,345	99,210	160	2,665	32,320	1,485
English and French	580	200	185	195	0	280
English and non-official language	34,960	34,915	45	0	0	45
French and non-official language	110	35	75	0	0	75
English, French and non-official language	635	280	80	275	0	215
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	327,400	289,500	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,020
None	227,625	195,115	1,235	1,320	29,950	1,895
English	48,775	45,945	455	1,450	920	1,180
French	1,790	1,305	440	45	10	460
Non-official language	47,380	45,585	235	130	1,430	300
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	47,375	45,585	235	130	1,425	305
English and French	235	50	35	155	0	110
English and non-official language	1,100	1,045	20	25	10	35
French and non-official language	475	435	40	0	0	40
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	10	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	327,400	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,020
English	114,045	114,045	0	0	0	0
French	2,065	100	1,965	0	0	1,960
Non-official language	197,255	162,025	170	2,755	32,315	1,540
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	197,260	162,020	170	2,755	32,315	1,545
English and French	550	300	70	180	0	160
English and non-official language	12,695	12,695	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	310	80	230	0	0	230
English, French and non-official language	480	250	25	205	0	125
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 19}	327,405	289,495	2,455	3,135	32,320	4,025
Official languages	294,680	289,090	2,450	3,135	0	4,020
English	294,510	289,090	2,285	3,135	0	3,855
French	19,190	13,600	2,455	3,135	0	4,020
Non-official languages	233,815	197,485	1,005	3,005	32,315	2,510
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	233,810	197,475	1,010	3,005	32,315	2,515
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 20}	327,405	289,495	2,455	3,135	32,315	4,020
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 21}	735	695	45	0	0	45
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 22}	700	655	45	0	0	45
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 23}	430	420	10	0	0	0
Métis	250	215	35	0	0	35
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	20	25	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 25}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	326,665	288,805	2,405	3,135	32,315	3,975
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 26}	327,405	289,495	2,455	3,135	32,315	4,025
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 27}	205	195	0	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	327,200	289,300	2,445	3,135	32,320	4,015
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	327,400	289,495	2,455	3,135	32,315	4,020
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 29}	150	140	10	0	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 30}	140	135	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 31}	105	95	10	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	40	35	10	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 32}	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 33}	985	915	65	0	0	65
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 34}	965	895	65	0	10	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	740	700	35	0	0	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	210	180	25	0	0	30
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	20	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 36}	326,270	288,445	2,375	3,135	32,310	3,940
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 37}	327,400	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,025
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 38}	283,895	258,620	2,300	2,815	20,155	3,710
Canadian citizens only	260,830	237,945	2,005	2,260	18,620	3,135
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	23,060	20,675	300	550	1,535	575
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 39}	43,505	30,875	150	320	12,160	315
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 40}	327,405	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,020
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 41}	128,650	123,005	1,395	1,265	2,990	2,020
Immigrants^{Footnote 42}	192,220	160,875	1,045	1,850	28,460	1,970
Before 1981	33,295	31,355	240	215	1,485	350
1981 to 1990	31,295	27,510	215	285	3,275	365
1991 to 2000	59,440	49,965	180	410	8,885	390
2001 to 2010	47,530	37,630	280	765	8,860	660
2001 to 2005	26,445	21,510	175	475	4,280	415
2006 to 2010	21,085	16,120	100	290	4,575	245
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 43}	20,655	14,410	130	165	5,955	210
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 44}	6,530	5,620	15	25	870	30
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 45}	192,215	160,870	1,040	1,845	28,460	1,965
Under 5 years	13,730	12,955	70	295	410	215
5 to 14 years	28,345	27,395	165	480	305	410
15 to 24 years	40,720	37,475	230	245	2,765	355
25 to 44 years	84,695	72,365	470	665	11,195	805
45 years and over	24,720	10,680	110	155	13,785	185
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 46}	192,220	160,870	1,040	1,850	28,455	1,970
Americas	13,935	13,680	50	110	90	105
Brazil	215	210	0	0	0	0
Colombia	295	265	0	20	0	15
El Salvador	95	85	0	0	10	0
Guyana	3,225	3,220	0	0	0	0
Haiti	65	25	40	10	0	45
Jamaica	3,985	3,975	0	10	0	0
Mexico	210	200	0	15	0	10
Peru	310	285	10	10	10	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1,640	1,645	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 47}	1,915	1,870	0	20	25	10
Other places of birth in Americas	1,975	1,905	0	30	40	20
Europe	15,085	14,190	155	250	480	280
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	85	0	0	0	0
Croatia	120	115	0	0	0	0
France	160	45	110	10	0	110
Germany	670	645	10	15	0	15
Greece	1,740	1,665	0	10	70	0
Hungary	350	330	0	10	0	10
Ireland^{Footnote 48}	230	230	0	0	0	0
Italy	2,730	2,525	0	15	180	15
Netherlands	235	235	0	0	0	0
Poland	500	460	10	10	25	10
Portugal	370	345	10	10	15	10
Romania	925	775	0	125	30	60
Russian Federation	780	700	0	20	55	10
Serbia^{Footnote 49}	175	160	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	440	395	0	10	35	10
United Kingdom^{Footnote 50}	3,420	3,415	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,150	2,050	20	25	45	35
Africa	6,975	5,975	655	250	105	775
Algeria	30	15	10	0	0	10
Egypt	1,250	1,050	85	70	40	120
Ethiopia	175	170	0	10	0	0
Kenya	1,005	990	10	0	10	0
Morocco	75	25	50	0	0	55
Nigeria	230	225	0	0	10	0
Somalia	105	100	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,050	1,040	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,060	2,360	500	155	50	575
Asia	155,990	126,790	185	1,235	27,780	805
Afghanistan	830	765	0	0	65	0
Bangladesh	520	515	0	10	10	0
China^{Footnote 51}	59,065	38,145	15	365	20,530	200
Hong Kong^{Footnote 52}	32,525	29,820	10	135	2,555	80
India	14,215	13,160	0	60	990	30
Iran^{Footnote 53}	6,640	6,015	10	185	430	100
Iraq	480	465	0	0	15	0
Japan	345	335	0	0	10	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 54}	2,905	2,505	10	40	355	30
Lebanon	665	450	80	120	20	135
Pakistan	5,540	5,385	0	20	140	0
Philippines	6,720	6,655	0	0	60	0
Sri Lanka	12,805	11,575	0	90	1,140	45
Syria^{Footnote 55}	240	175	25	35	10	40
Taiwan	2,340	2,060	0	30	250	15
Viet Nam	3,620	2,770	15	50	785	40
Other places of birth in Asia	6,535	5,985	30	105	420	80
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 56}	235	235	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 57}	20,660	14,410	130	160	5,955	210
Americas	920	865	10	10	45	10
Brazil	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombia	30	20	0	10	0	0
Cuba	25	25	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	140	135	0	0	0	0
Mexico	40	40	0	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 58}	385	365	0	0	20	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 59}	45	35	0	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	230	225	0	0	10	0
Europe	405	325	25	10	50	30
France	30	0	25	0	0	25
Germany	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 61}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	35	30	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	75	60	0	0	15	0
Ukraine	60	55	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 62}	75	75	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	110	80	0	10	20	0
Africa	370	275	85	0	10	90
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	0	30	0	0	25
Egypt	175	160	0	10	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	20	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	70	40	0	0	40
Asia	18,925	12,925	10	125	5,860	75
Afghanistan	90	95	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	45	45	0	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 63}	11,790	6,485	0	60	5,245	35
Hong Kong^{Footnote 64}	625	565	0	0	60	0
India	1,250	1,165	0	10	80	10
Iran^{Footnote 65}	1,695	1,440	10	35	220	20
Iraq	40	30	0	0	10	0
Israel	40	35	0	0	0	0
Japan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 66}	390	345	0	0	45	0
Lebanon	40	25	10	10	0	10
Nepal	25	25	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	665	635	0	0	30	0
Philippines	880	870	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	65	60	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	575	470	0	0	105	0
Syria^{Footnote 67}	30	30	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	175	155	0	10	10	0
Turkey	20	15	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	125	120	0	0	10	0
Viet Nam	75	35	0	0	35	0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	255	0	0	10	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 68}	30	25	0	0	0	0
Australia	25	25	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 69}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 70}	327,400	289,495	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,025
First generation^{Footnote 71}	200,300	167,865	1,070	1,905	29,460	2,020
Second generation^{Footnote 72}	93,460	88,890	545	1,205	2,825	1,145
Third generation or more^{Footnote 73}	33,640	32,740	840	30	35	855
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 74}	161,680	131,895	840	1,655	27,290	1,665
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 75}	87,260	78,315	560	1,225	7,165	1,170
Principal applicants^{Footnote 76}	33,635	29,890	300	375	3,065	485
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 77}	53,630	48,420	260	850	4,105	685
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 78}	53,140	36,955	180	290	15,715	325
Refugees^{Footnote 79}	17,695	14,105	100	95	3,390	150
Other immigrants^{Footnote 80}	3,585	2,520	0	40	1,015	20
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 81}	327,405	289,500	2,450	3,135	32,320	4,020
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 82}	255,155	220,135	1,070	2,350	31,600	2,245
South Asian^{Footnote 83}	58,270	55,210	95	580	2,385	385
Chinese	147,725	118,540	330	1,165	27,690	910
Black	9,660	9,265	345	45	0	365
Filipino	8,900	8,845	10	10	40	15
Latin American	1,750	1,640	0	70	40	40
Arab	3,250	2,965	125	75	85	165
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 84}	2,520	2,260	40	10	210	45
West Asian^{Footnote 85}	7,910	7,210	20	210	475	125
Korean	4,355	3,860	15	65	410	45
Japanese	995	950	0	15	25	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 86}	2,920	2,820	55	40	0	80
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 87}	6,895	6,570	30	70	230	65
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 88}	72,250	69,365	1,385	785	715	1,775
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 89}	327,400	289,500	2,450	3,135	32,315	4,020
North American Aboriginal origins	1,135	1,050	80	0	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian)	860	810	45	0	0	45
Inuit	25	20	0	0	0	0
Métis	275	240	40	0	0	40
Other North American origins	22,360	21,475	535	85	260	575
Acadian	70	35	35	0	0	30
American	1,315	1,315	0	0	0	0
Canadian	21,435	20,605	485	90	260	530
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	35	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	20	15	0	0	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	72,830	70,440	1,245	495	645	1,490
British Isles origins	35,225	34,905	235	35	45	255
Channel Islander	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	20,555	20,390	105	20	40	120
Irish	13,905	13,765	115	10	10	120
Manx	25	25	0	0	0	0
Scottish	14,660	14,580	80	0	0	80
Welsh	1,290	1,285	0	0	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 91}	2,830	2,815	15	0	0	15
French origins	5,845	4,750	1,010	80	10	1,050
Alsatian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,845	4,750	1,010	80	0	1,050
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,340	10,130	115	85	15	165
Austrian	985	965	0	15	10	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	265	225	35	10	0	35
Dutch	2,365	2,325	20	15	0	30
Flemish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Frisian	20	15	0	0	0	0
German	7,160	7,035	75	45	10	100
Luxembourger	20	20	0	0	0	0
Swiss	450	445	0	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,690	1,670	10	10	10	10
Danish	385	370	0	0	0	10
Finnish	505	505	0	0	10	0
Icelandic	75	75	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	315	320	0	0	0	0
Swedish	430	425	0	10	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	100	100	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	13,910	13,365	80	260	200	210
Bulgarian	265	255	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	205	205	0	0	0	0
Czech	430	430	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 94}	110	115	0	0	0	0
Estonian	250	245	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	1,490	1,450	10	20	10	15
Latvian	240	245	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	700	695	10	0	0	0
Moldovan	80	75	0	0	10	0
Polish	5,020	4,905	40	30	45	55
Romanian	1,800	1,635	10	125	30	75
Russian	3,835	3,625	10	65	135	45
Slovak	255	250	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,795	2,705	0	30	55	20
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	155	155	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	26,495	25,765	210	135	380	280
Albanian	165	155	0	0	10	0
Bosnian	95	100	0	0	0	0
Catalan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Croatian	435	430	0	0	0	10
Cypriot	85	85	0	0	0	0
Greek	6,215	6,085	20	25	85	30
Italian	12,055	11,700	115	40	200	140
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	2,280	2,215	10	10	40	20
Maltese	245	240	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	40	40	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	3,185	3,145	10	15	15	15
Serbian	625	615	0	0	15	0
Sicilian	90	80	0	0	10	0
Slovenian	205	200	0	0	0	0
Spanish	3,125	2,985	75	50	20	100
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	180	175	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,780	1,700	20	20	45	30
Basque	15	20	0	0	0	0
Jewish	1,420	1,340	10	20	45	20
Roma (Gypsy)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	35	35	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	315	300	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	10,665	10,515	120	20	10	130
Antiguan	50	50	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	90	85	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	670	670	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	15	20	0	0	0	0
Cuban	150	150	0	0	0	0
Dominican	140	135	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	235	235	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	140	35	95	10	0	105
Jamaican	6,175	6,160	10	0	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	55	60	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	15	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	60	55	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,645	1,640	0	10	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	240	240	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	1,770	1,750	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	280	270	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,210	5,020	25	125	40	85
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	100	100	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	230	215	10	0	10	0
Belizean	35	30	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	280	245	0	25	0	15
Chilean	100	100	0	0	0	0
Colombian	390	355	0	25	10	10
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	235	235	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	45	50	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	2,455	2,455	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mexican	405	355	10	30	10	25
Nicaraguan	25	30	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	80	80	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	360	320	15	15	0	25
Salvadorean	155	150	0	0	10	0
Uruguayan	70	65	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	240	215	0	25	10	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 102}	215	210	0	0	0	0
African origins	7,520	6,770	515	170	65	600
Central and West African origins	835	630	185	30	0	195
Akan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Angolan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	15	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	40	10	20	10	0	30
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	65	15	50	0	0	50
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	270	265	0	0	0	0
Guinean	30	0	30	0	0	30
Ibo	50	55	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	30	0	0	30
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	45	10	25	10	0	30
Nigerian	205	205	0	0	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	0	15	0	0	15
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	0	10	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	60	55	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	40	10	30	0	0	30
North African origins	2,480	2,180	160	85	55	205
Algerian	40	10	20	15	0	30
Berber	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	205	185	0	15	10	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,915	1,745	80	50	40	105
Libyan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	195	165	30	10	0	35
Sudanese	115	110	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	35	10	25	10	0	30
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	2,215	2,035	135	35	10	150
Afrikaner	30	30	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 105}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	35	0	30	0	0	30
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	55	55	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	320	325	0	0	0	0
Harari	50	50	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	155	160	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	235	105	105	25	0	120
Oromo	15	15	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	215	220	0	0	0	0
South African	690	685	0	0	0	10
Tanzanian	145	140	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	60	60	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	65	65	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	280	275	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	2,025	1,970	35	25	0	45
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	300	295	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	1,755	1,695	35	25	0	45
Asian origins	242,105	207,275	750	2,520	31,555	2,010
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	15,740	14,205	195	640	700	515
Afghan	1,430	1,350	0	0	85	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	560	520	15	15	10	25
Armenian	1,865	1,555	25	215	65	130
Assyrian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	215	210	0	10	0	0
Georgian	80	85	0	0	0	0
Hazara	45	45	0	0	0	0
Iranian	8,120	7,395	25	245	455	145
Iraqi	640	630	0	10	10	0
Israeli	360	345	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	65	70	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kurd	100	95	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,185	915	120	120	25	185
Palestinian	345	310	10	25	0	25
Pashtun	65	60	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Syrian	260	215	30	0	0	30
Tajik	90	95	0	0	0	0
Tatar	40	35	0	0	10	0
Turk	655	585	10	35	30	20
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	65	65	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	165	155	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	260	245	0	0	10	0
South Asian origins	58,875	55,815	115	560	2,385	395
Bangladeshi	315	310	0	10	0	0
Bengali	250	245	0	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	33,065	31,705	110	195	1,055	205
Goan	290	295	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	335	305	0	0	25	0
Kashmiri	55	55	0	0	0	0
Nepali	80	75	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	5,725	5,525	0	60	130	30
Punjabi	1,035	905	0	30	95	15
Sinhalese	245	245	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	14,345	13,320	0	195	825	100
Tamil	5,780	5,385	0	60	345	30
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 111}	2,905	2,675	0	65	165	30
East and Southeast Asian origins	169,040	138,810	445	1,340	28,450	1,110
Burmese	150	130	0	0	15	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	65	10	0	10	10
Chinese	152,090	122,790	380	1,220	27,705	990
Filipino	10,265	10,205	10	10	35	15
Hmong	15	10	0	0	10	0
Indonesian	475	455	0	0	20	10
Japanese	1,575	1,525	0	15	30	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	4,840	4,270	25	70	470	55
Laotian	100	100	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	500	495	0	0	10	0
Mongolian	70	65	10	0	0	10
Singaporean	135	135	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,050	955	0	25	65	15
Thai	135	130	10	0	0	10
Tibetan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,975	2,595	40	20	320	50
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	200	195	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	485	455	0	0	35	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	490	455	0	0	35	0
Oceania origins	230	225	0	0	0	0
Australian	115	115	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	60	60	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	55	55	0	0	0	0
Fijian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 114}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	20	20	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 116}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,300	29,025	3,250
No certificate, diploma or degree	45,325	29,455	150	425	15,300	355
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 117}	71,590	61,710	400	500	8,975	645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155,140	147,465	1,555	1,370	4,750	2,245
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,800	7,180	80	65	475	115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 118}	4,455	4,090	45	30	295	55
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 119}	3,340	3,090	35	40	175	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	41,685	39,440	425	190	1,630	520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,250	7,540	80	70	550	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	97,405	93,300	965	1,045	2,095	1,490
Bachelor's degree	68,265	65,360	615	640	1,650	935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,300	5,070	55	85	90	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,450	2,300	30	10	115	30
Master's degree	19,100	18,435	210	245	205	340
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 120}	2,285	2,140	50	60	35	85
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 121}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,025	3,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 122}	116,915	91,165	550	920	24,280	1,010
Education	7,615	7,070	115	55	370	145
13. Education	7,610	7,070	115	60	370	140
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,480	5,235	55	45	150	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	630	625	10	0	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	4,845	4,610	45	45	150	65
Humanities	8,820	8,245	135	155	290	215
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,310	1,110	35	55	120	60
23. English language and literature/letters	2,205	2,140	0	15	45	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	2,925	40	55	85	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 123}	25	25	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	370	355	0	0	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	650	625	10	0	20	15
54. History	895	865	15	0	15	15
55. French language and literature/letters	255	200	25	25	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,415	17,705	180	160	370	255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	145	10	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,530	1,495	15	0	25	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,315	2,205	25	15	70	30
22. Legal professions and studies	2,565	2,430	40	25	70	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 124}	270	265	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,525	2,485	15	20	10	20
45. Social sciences	9,045	8,685	90	80	195	130
Business, management and public administration	44,210	42,290	425	415	1,080	635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	95	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,430	1,395	20	10	10	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	42,680	40,800	400	405	1,075	605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,695	8,290	55	55	290	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,385	3,315	25	25	20	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,515	2,465	20	20	10	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 125}	195	190	0	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	2,330	2,070	15	0	240	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	270	250	0	0	15	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,365	12,905	160	130	175	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,395	10,100	105	95	85	160
25. Library science	205	205	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,495	2,350	30	30	85	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 126}	275	250	15	0	10	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	27,290	25,605	220	240	1,220	340
04. Architecture and related services	1,420	1,350	10	0	50	15
14. Engineering	15,590	14,530	135	195	725	235
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,515	4,250	20	25	220	30
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,760	1,650	10	10	90	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,835	2,690	25	10	105	30
48. Precision production	1,175	1,130	15	10	25	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,430	1,330	0	0	85	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	855	795	0	0	55	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	540	0	10	30	0
Health and related fields	15,470	14,695	170	80	520	210
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,350	1,325	10	0	25	10
51. Health professions and related programs	13,535	12,820	155	75	480	195
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	585	550	15	0	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,325	4,055	30	35	205	45
12. Personal and culinary services	2,960	2,750	25	25	170	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	785	770	0	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	490	10	0	30	10
Other	25	20	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	25	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 127}	272,055	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,025	3,250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	116,915	91,165	550	920	24,275	1,010
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 128}	155,140	147,465	1,555	1,375	4,750	2,240
Location of study inside Canada	99,445	97,070	1,155	790	435	1,550
Same as province or territory of residence	92,695	90,920	750	615	420	1,055
Different than province or territory of residence	6,750	6,155	400	175	15	490
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 129}	55,695	50,390	400	585	4,315	695
United States^{Footnote 130}	4,555	4,470	30	45	10	50
Philippines	3,635	3,625	0	0	0	10
India	6,490	6,415	0	20	55	15
United Kingdom^{Footnote 131}	3,595	3,520	40	25	0	55
China^{Footnote 132}	13,835	10,415	0	35	3,375	15
France	220	45	105	70	0	145
Other	23,365	21,895	220	390	860	415
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 133}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,300	29,025	not applicable ...
In the labour force	172,135	159,310	1,440	1,410	9,975	not applicable ...
Employed	159,640	148,075	1,365	1,280	8,910	not applicable ...
Unemployed	12,495	11,230	80	125	1,065	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	99,915	79,315	660	890	19,050	not applicable ...
Participation rate	63.3	66.8	68.6	61.3	34.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	58.7	62.1	65.0	55.7	30.7	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	7.3	7.0	5.6	8.9	10.7	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 134}	272,050	238,630	2,100	2,295	29,020	3,250
Did not work^{Footnote 135}	95,590	75,535	575	860	18,620	1,005
Worked	176,465	163,095	1,530	1,440	10,405	2,245
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 136}	89,935	84,750	805	705	3,675	1,155
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 137}	86,530	78,340	725	735	6,730	1,090
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.6	42.1	40.4	39.3	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 138}	183,020	168,890	1,570	1,515	11,040	2,330
a.Management	23,045	21,560	275	165	1,050	355
00 Senior management occupations	2,375	2,255	60	0	55	60
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	9,565	9,205	145	105	110	195
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	7,915	7,320	55	45	495	75
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	3,200	2,775	25	10	385	30
b.Professional	46,045	44,580	580	535	350	850
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	12,245	11,885	100	145	105	175
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	15,680	15,270	180	135	95	245
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,085	2,050	20	10	10	25
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,290	3,220	50	15	10	60
40 Professional occupations in education services	6,525	6,215	130	150	30	205
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	4,485	4,295	65	55	65	90
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,740	1,640	30	30	40	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	16,965	16,255	160	165	385	240
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	5,495	5,315	30	50	90	60
32 Technical occupations in health	2,600	2,490	10	10	90	15
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	3,735	3,545	60	60	75	85
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	480	460	0	10	0	15
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,655	4,440	45	45	125	70
d.Administration and administrative support	24,705	23,695	225	175	610	315
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	9,585	9,255	95	70	155	130
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	2,425	2,320	40	10	55	40
14 Office support occupations	9,880	9,430	70	75	300	110
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,825	2,690	20	20	100	30
e.Sales	21,420	19,975	105	175	1,155	195
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	7,635	7,375	45	55	160	75
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	8,635	8,115	45	70	400	80
66 Sales support occupations	5,150	4,485	10	55	595	40
f.Personal and customer information services	27,890	23,520	145	205	4,020	245
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,685	1,620	0	10	55	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,805	2,380	15	15	400	20
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	6,505	4,665	15	50	1,775	40
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	9,785	8,775	105	90	820	145
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	7,100	6,075	15	50	970	35
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	6,885	6,185	30	30	635	45
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	4,115	3,580	25	25	490	35
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,770	2,605	0	10	150	15
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	6,610	5,765	35	30	790	50
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,955	1,720	0	10	230	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	3,560	3,205	30	20	310	40
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,090	840	0	0	250	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	960	0	15	105	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	170	160	10	0	10	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	125	85	0	0	35	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	785	710	0	15	65	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,385	6,400	10	30	1,940	25
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	650	610	0	15	25	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,615	1,830	0	10	780	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	2,275	2,000	10	0	270	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,840	1,965	0	0	865	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 139}	183,015	168,890	1,570	1,515	11,040	2,330
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	255	0	0	95	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 140}	330	230	0	0	95	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	25	20	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	235	230	0	0	0	10
211 Oil and gas extraction	70	70	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	110	100	0	0	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	60	60	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	980	945	10	15	10	20
221 Utilities	980	940	10	15	10	15
23 Construction	7,715	6,650	45	30	990	60
236 Construction of buildings	2,730	2,175	25	15	525	30
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	630	590	0	0	40	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	4,355	3,885	20	15	425	35
31-33 Manufacturing	16,280	14,085	80	85	2,035	120
311 Food manufacturing	1,935	1,430	0	15	480	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	185	180	0	0	10	0
313 Textile mills	100	65	0	10	30	0
314 Textile product mills	130	95	0	0	40	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	930	505	0	0	425	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	55	35	0	0	20	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	230	200	0	0	30	0
322 Paper manufacturing	390	370	0	0	20	0
323 Printing and related support activities	1,350	1,255	0	0	90	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,230	1,180	10	10	45	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	975	830	10	0	140	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	220	210	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	170	150	0	0	25	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	970	875	0	20	70	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	850	785	0	0	60	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,800	1,665	20	15	100	30
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	475	450	0	0	20	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	2,095	1,935	10	10	140	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,090	910	0	0	180	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,060	940	0	0	115	0
41 Wholesale trade	10,300	9,355	135	110	705	190
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	45	30	0	0	10	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	20	15	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,805	1,475	0	15	315	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,080	1,940	30	20	85	40
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	325	295	15	0	10	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	765	715	0	10	35	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,630	3,415	70	50	95	95
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,040	935	15	0	75	20
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	595	525	0	0	65	0
44-45 Retail trade	20,920	19,300	125	145	1,355	195
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,255	2,190	25	15	20	35
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	840	770	0	0	65	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,230	1,190	0	10	30	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	980	915	0	10	45	10
445 Food and beverage stores	4,740	3,970	10	25	740	15
446 Health and personal care stores	2,820	2,715	45	0	50	50
447 Gasoline stations	305	295	0	0	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,925	2,665	0	35	220	25
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	940	905	10	0	20	10
452 General merchandise stores	2,065	1,995	15	15	40	25
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	1,075	1,000	10	15	55	15
454 Non-store retailers	755	685	0	0	70	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,925	5,620	45	45	215	65
481 Air transportation	460	450	10	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	90	85	10	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	20	20	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	1,055	960	10	10	75	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,790	1,740	15	10	25	20
486 Pipeline transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	15	10	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	725	660	10	15	40	15
491 Postal service	710	695	0	10	10	0
492 Couriers and messengers	615	590	0	0	25	0
493 Warehousing and storage	450	410	0	0	40	0
51 Information and cultural industries	5,960	5,825	45	35	55	65
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,215	1,175	15	0	25	15
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	770	745	0	10	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	495	485	0	0	10	0
517 Telecommunications	2,565	2,510	15	25	15	30
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	325	325	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	585	575	10	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	18,425	17,800	190	230	205	305
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	10,625	10,325	100	160	45	180
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	3,095	2,975	35	30	65	45
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	4,520	4,330	50	40	100	70
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	180	175	10	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,920	5,705	45	25	150	55
531 Real estate	5,575	5,380	40	20	130	55
532 Rental and leasing services	340	320	0	0	20	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,320	21,405	255	185	465	355
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,320	21,410	255	190	465	350
55 Management of companies and enterprises	450	440	0	0	10	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	450	440	0	0	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,845	7,220	70	35	520	85
561 Administrative and support services	7,710	7,085	70	35	520	90
562 Waste management and remediation services	135	135	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	13,205	12,585	225	240	160	345
611 Educational services	13,205	12,585	220	240	160	340
62 Health care and social assistance	15,195	14,590	110	75	420	145
621 Ambulatory health care services	6,350	6,130	50	35	145	60
622 Hospitals	4,015	3,970	30	15	0	35
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,800	1,735	0	10	55	10
624 Social assistance	3,025	2,755	30	30	215	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,145	3,040	15	20	70	25
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	800	770	0	0	20	0
712 Heritage institutions	160	155	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,195	2,115	15	15	45	25
72 Accommodation and food services	13,735	10,965	40	90	2,645	80
721 Accommodation services	1,065	1,005	10	10	50	10
722 Food services and drinking places	12,670	9,960	30	85	2,595	70
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,775	6,740	55	70	910	90
811 Repair and maintenance	1,890	1,710	10	20	150	25
812 Personal and laundry services	2,800	2,350	10	10	430	15
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,945	1,810	30	35	75	45
814 Private households	1,135	885	0	0	250	0
91 Public administration	6,330	6,145	90	70	25	125
911 Federal government public administration	1,840	1,755	40	30	10	60
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,630	1,560	35	25	10	50
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	2,830	2,795	10	10	10	15
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	25	25	0	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	159,635	148,075	1,365	1,280	8,910	2,010
Worked at home	13,305	12,370	175	85	675	215
Worked outside Canada	1,760	1,525	10	10	220	15
No fixed workplace address	16,665	14,695	100	100	1,785	150
Worked at usual place	127,895	119,490	1,085	1,090	6,235	1,625
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 142}	183,020	168,890	1,570	1,515	11,040	2,330
English	156,865	152,905	1,185	1,195	1,580	1,785
French	405	175	160	60	0	190
Non-official language	18,150	9,115	10	35	8,990	25
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	18,150	9,120	10	30	8,990	25
English and French	700	340	185	175	0	270
English and non-official language	6,840	6,315	10	45	465	35
French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	25	20	0	0	25
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 143}	183,020	168,890	1,575	1,515	11,040	2,330
None	158,205	147,030	1,140	1,175	8,855	1,730
English	6,560	5,255	100	55	1,145	130
French	1,305	860	320	125	0	380
Non-official language	16,470	15,350	0	145	970	75
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	16,470	15,350	0	140	970	75
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language	400	340	0	0	70	0
French and non-official language	70	55	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	127,895	119,490	1,085	1,085	6,235	1,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	40,265	37,605	345	330	1,985	510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,155	17,085	105	110	855	165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	69,170	64,520	625	630	3,395	940
Commute to a different province or territory	305	285	10	15	10	15
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	144,565	134,180	1,185	1,185	8,020	1,775
Car, truck, van - as a driver	105,735	98,645	885	750	5,455	1,260
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	10,665	9,080	60	105	1,425	105
Public transit	23,520	22,185	200	295	835	350
Walked	3,055	2,840	30	20	175	40
Bicycle	465	400	0	0	55	0
Other method	1,125	1,035	10	10	75	15
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 145}	144,565	134,180	1,185	1,185	8,020	1,775
Less than 15 minutes	18,125	16,810	120	130	1,055	190
15 to 29 minutes	41,675	38,340	355	305	2,680	500
30 to 44 minutes	37,695	34,630	335	320	2,410	490
45 to 59 minutes	17,770	16,730	155	115	770	215
60 minutes and over	29,300	27,670	215	315	1,100	370
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	144,565	134,180	1,185	1,185	8,020	1,775
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,155	4,720	50	20	365	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	18,360	17,350	185	140	685	260
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	37,930	35,950	400	365	1,220	580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	36,450	34,030	285	315	1,820	440
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	29,660	26,195	145	170	3,145	235
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	17,010	15,930	120	180	775	210
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	324,405	287,200	2,440	3,130	31,640	4,000
Non-movers	290,200	258,695	2,200	2,785	26,525	3,590
Movers	34,205	28,515	240	345	5,110	410
Non-migrants	19,415	16,210	95	190	2,920	195
Migrants	14,785	12,300	140	155	2,190	215
Internal migrants	9,145	8,055	125	110	845	185
Intraprovincial migrants	8,285	7,345	85	55	800	115
Interprovincial migrants	855	710	40	60	40	70
External migrants	5,645	4,250	15	40	1,340	35
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	310,325	275,505	2,390	3,085	29,345	3,935
Non-movers	200,445	182,095	1,635	1,895	14,820	2,580
Movers	109,880	93,415	755	1,185	14,525	1,350
Non-migrants	57,575	49,710	310	590	6,965	605
Migrants	52,305	43,700	445	600	7,560	745
Internal migrants	31,365	27,960	360	405	2,650	560
Intraprovincial migrants	29,135	26,150	205	295	2,485	350
Interprovincial migrants	2,235	1,810	150	115	160	210
External migrants	20,935	15,740	90	195	4,910	185

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Symbol(s)

Footnote(s)