Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Greater Vancouver

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	2,426,235	2,252,230	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,755
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
0 to 14 years	361,625	341,245	2,085	3,015	15,275	3,590
0 to 4 years	115,985	102,185	695	295	12,805	845
5 to 9 years	122,575	119,205	750	920	1,710	1,205
10 to 14 years	123,055	119,855	640	1,800	760	1,545
15 to 64 years	1,699,760	1,604,815	18,570	10,080	66,295	23,610
15 to 19 years	141,565	138,005	660	2,210	695	1,760
20 to 24 years	165,760	162,355	1,155	1,305	945	1,810
25 to 29 years	178,670	173,675	1,920	950	2,125	2,395
30 to 34 years	181,360	175,635	2,275	825	2,615	2,690
35 to 39 years	166,820	160,010	2,070	1,015	3,725	2,570
40 to 44 years	167,070	157,640	2,170	900	6,365	2,620
45 to 49 years	182,530	169,750	1,970	845	9,970	2,390
50 to 54 years	189,705	173,230	2,175	780	13,515	2,565
55 to 59 years	175,155	159,505	2,175	695	12,785	2,520
60 to 64 years	151,130	135,010	2,010	560	13,550	2,290
65 years and over	364,855	306,180	4,915	1,260	52,500	5,550
65 to 69 years	129,260	113,835	1,750	450	13,225	1,970
70 to 74 years	88,415	75,885	1,250	300	10,985	1,400
75 to 79 years	64,345	52,190	885	255	11,015	1,010
80 to 84 years	44,965	35,320	505	140	9,000	575
85 years and over	37,870	28,950	535	115	8,260	595
85 to 89 years	25,745	19,950	360	75	5,360	395
90 to 94 years	9,760	7,365	145	45	2,215	165
95 to 99 years	2,065	1,465	30	0	575	30
100 years and over	300	175	10	0	120	10
Average age	40.6	39.7	45.9	33.2	55.4	not applicable ...
Median age	40.5	39.2	46.1	28.1	59.6	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
Married or living common law	1,185,510	1,079,425	13,575	5,455	87,055	16,300
Married	1,026,370	925,910	9,890	5,015	85,550	12,395
Living common law	159,145	153,505	3,690	445	1,505	3,910
Not married and not living common law	879,105	831,570	9,915	5,885	31,735	12,855
Never married	618,260	602,250	6,160	5,010	4,840	8,665
Separated	48,680	45,300	660	190	2,535	750
Divorced	123,840	114,955	1,975	470	6,440	2,205
Widowed	88,320	69,060	1,125	210	17,920	1,225
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,795	29,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,978,875	1,830,585	23,035	9,925	115,330	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,821	48,535	53,716	38,105	18,986	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,575	34,697	40,254	23,161	15,277	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,981,630	1,833,070	23,075	9,935	115,540	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,512	39,828	43,735	31,844	17,161	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,391	31,074	35,542	22,157	14,980	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,780,850	1,673,375	20,990	8,915	77,575	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,281	48,585	53,524	38,815	18,433	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,583	34,069	39,529	23,370	11,625	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,370,125	1,247,145	15,480	6,890	100,605	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,169	6,051	7,361	4,666	7,553	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,467	2,285	4,741	1,016	5,236	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,487,050	1,417,805	17,755	7,520	43,975	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,081	46,798	51,963	38,404	21,913	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,596	34,517	40,516	24,270	17,424	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	90.9	91.5	90.8	91.5	65.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.0	74.7	74.6	76.3	44.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	9.1	8.5	9.2	8.5	34.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,485	11,340	118,795	29,160
Without total income	85,735	80,405	455	1,415	3,460	1,165
With total income	1,978,875	1,830,585	23,035	9,925	115,335	28,000
Percentage with total income	95.8	95.8	98.1	87.5	97.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	338,730	301,870	2,720	2,700	31,440	4,075
$10,000 to $19,999	346,355	291,485	3,415	1,875	49,580	4,350
$20,000 to $29,999	248,165	227,615	2,760	1,090	16,700	3,305
$30,000 to $39,999	210,570	198,950	2,540	920	8,160	3,000
$40,000 to $49,999	188,140	181,105	2,330	830	3,875	2,745
$50,000 to $59,999	149,530	144,990	1,915	610	2,010	2,220
$60,000 to $69,999	115,955	112,745	1,580	405	1,230	1,785
$70,000 to $79,999	89,385	87,145	1,300	300	645	1,450
$80,000 to $89,999	71,045	69,135	1,190	275	450	1,325
$90,000 to $99,999	50,770	49,615	730	200	225	830
$100,000 and over	170,225	165,940	2,545	725	1,020	2,910
$100,000 to $149,999	109,705	106,975	1,585	440	695	1,805
$150,000 and over	60,520	58,960	960	280	325	1,100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	2,064,610	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
Without after-tax income	82,985	77,925	410	1,405	3,245	1,115
With after-tax income	1,981,625	1,833,075	23,080	9,935	115,540	28,045
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	95.9	98.3	87.6	97.3	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	351,125	313,020	2,875	2,755	32,470	4,255
$10,000 to $19,999	362,590	306,250	3,580	1,920	50,845	4,540
$20,000 to $29,999	293,195	270,805	3,275	1,355	17,765	3,945
$30,000 to $39,999	250,180	238,435	3,160	1,080	7,495	3,705
$40,000 to $49,999	209,895	203,175	2,640	860	3,225	3,070
$50,000 to $59,999	152,290	148,000	2,135	530	1,625	2,400
$60,000 to $69,999	109,120	106,375	1,605	335	800	1,775
$70,000 to $79,999	78,900	76,925	1,255	375	350	1,440
$80,000 and over	174,335	170,080	2,550	735	980	2,915
$80,000 to $89,999	51,465	50,220	765	220	265	870
$90,000 to $99,999	32,980	32,285	385	115	195	440
$100,000 and over	89,895	87,575	1,405	400	520	1,600
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	2,064,615	1,910,995	23,490	11,340	118,795	29,160
Without employment income	577,560	493,185	5,740	3,825	74,815	7,650
With employment income	1,487,050	1,417,810	17,755	7,515	43,975	21,510
Percentage with employment income	72.0	74.2	75.6	66.3	37.0	73.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	208,675	198,265	2,580	1,415	6,415	3,285
$5,000 to $9,999	112,420	104,265	945	790	6,420	1,340
$10,000 to $19,999	200,130	185,180	1,925	1,210	11,820	2,530
$20,000 to $29,999	165,225	153,765	1,720	695	9,045	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	154,000	146,840	1,620	755	4,785	2,000
$40,000 to $49,999	141,975	137,250	1,660	660	2,405	1,985
$50,000 to $59,999	113,580	110,415	1,530	420	1,215	1,740
$60,000 to $69,999	90,225	87,920	1,255	330	720	1,420
$70,000 to $79,999	72,370	70,815	965	255	335	1,095
$80,000 and over	228,455	223,095	3,555	995	810	4,050
$80,000 to $89,999	57,470	56,045	940	230	255	1,055
$90,000 to $99,999	41,130	40,205	590	180	150	680
$100,000 and over	129,860	126,845	2,015	585	410	2,310
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	2,064,610	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	637,395	615,955	7,945	2,405	11,090	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	54,955	55,458	60,827	55,477	28,628	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	67,916	68,478	73,270	70,358	32,345	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,360	134,070	32,755
English only	2,118,305	2,118,305	0	0	0	0
French only	1,045	0	1,045	0	0	1,045
English and French	171,215	132,385	24,485	14,345	0	31,655
Neither English nor French	135,670	1,545	45	10	134,070	50
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,360	134,070	32,755
English	1,614,175	1,599,425	14,750	0	0	14,750
French	8,345	450	7,895	0	0	7,895
Non-official language	620,000	473,110	630	12,190	134,070	6,725
Aboriginal	100	100	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	619,905	473,010	630	12,190	134,070	6,725
English and French	3,445	1,085	1,405	955	0	1,880
English and non-official language	177,585	177,330	255	0	0	250
French and non-official language	470	120	350	0	0	350
English, French and non-official language	2,215	710	295	1,210	0	900
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,755
None	1,909,600	1,765,080	13,405	6,500	124,615	16,660
English	230,760	215,435	4,395	6,300	4,625	7,550
French	19,675	13,225	6,210	205	35	6,315
Non-official language	258,210	251,975	1,090	450	4,695	1,315
Aboriginal	745	730	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	257,470	251,245	1,080	450	4,695	1,300
English and French	920	195	45	675	0	385
English and non-official language	4,525	4,160	185	90	90	235
French and non-official language	2,420	2,165	230	15	10	235
English, French and non-official language	125	0	10	110	0	65
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	2,426,235	2,252,230	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,755
English	1,308,445	1,308,400	45	0	0	40
French	24,845	1,760	23,085	0	0	23,090
Non-official language	1,017,535	869,215	1,210	13,050	134,070	7,730
Aboriginal	720	720	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,016,820	868,495	1,210	13,045	134,065	7,730
English and French	4,825	3,905	150	770	0	535
English and non-official language	67,720	67,685	35	0	0	40
French and non-official language	1,305	275	1,025	0	0	1,025
English, French and non-official language	1,550	990	25	540	0	290
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,570	14,355	134,070	32,755
Official languages	2,290,565	2,250,690	25,530	14,345	0	32,700
English	2,289,520	2,250,690	24,485	14,340	0	31,655
French	172,260	132,385	25,535	14,340	0	32,700
Non-official languages	1,220,345	1,065,640	6,910	13,725	134,070	13,770
Aboriginal languages	1,605	1,585	15	0	0	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,218,825	1,064,135	6,900	13,725	134,070	13,760
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,755
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	61,455	60,425	960	35	30	975
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	59,595	58,600	935	40	30	950
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	35,765	35,525	220	0	15	225
Métis	23,425	22,680	705	35	10	725
Inuk (Inuit)	405	395	10	0	0	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,065	1,045	20	0	0	15
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	795	790	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	2,364,775	2,191,810	24,615	14,320	134,035	31,775
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	24,115	24,010	95	0	10	100
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,402,120	2,228,225	25,475	14,355	134,060	32,650
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	2,426,235	2,252,230	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	13,615	13,445	150	0	25	145
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	13,305	13,140	150	0	20	145
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	10,895	10,835	55	0	0	55
Métis single ancestry	2,265	2,160	95	0	10	90
Inuit single ancestry	145	145	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	310	305	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	285	285	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	15	20	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	61,085	59,485	1,510	70	20	1,545
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	58,700	57,155	1,455	70	25	1,490
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	38,750	37,850	850	35	20	865
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,600	18,955	610	35	0	625
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	350	345	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	2,385	2,330	55	0	0	55
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,300	2,255	50	0	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	25	0	0	0	10
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	25	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	2,351,530	2,179,305	23,920	14,285	134,020	31,060
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	2,103,115	1,986,515	22,730	11,545	82,335	28,500
Canadian citizens only	1,952,315	1,848,510	20,000	8,335	75,470	24,175
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	150,800	138,005	2,725	3,210	6,865	4,325
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	323,120	265,720	2,845	2,810	51,740	4,250
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,360	134,070	32,755
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	1,358,990	1,324,925	17,465	4,185	12,420	19,555
Immigrants^Footnote 42	989,545	856,755	6,965	9,435	116,395	11,680
Before 1981	209,975	195,945	1,820	1,025	11,185	2,330
1981 to 1990	120,730	104,995	740	1,040	13,955	1,260
1991 to 2000	247,830	210,060	1,250	2,080	34,440	2,290
2001 to 2010	268,470	230,155	1,950	3,850	32,515	3,875
2001 to 2005	124,890	107,985	805	1,665	14,425	1,640
2006 to 2010	143,585	122,165	1,145	2,180	18,090	2,235
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	142,535	115,590	1,205	1,440	24,295	1,925
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	77,700	70,555	1,145	735	5,260	1,515
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	989,545	856,755	6,965	9,440	116,395	11,680
Under 5 years	78,020	74,085	545	1,315	2,080	1,205
5 to 14 years	158,290	153,415	930	2,160	1,785	2,010
15 to 24 years	204,755	192,825	1,370	1,130	9,425	1,940
25 to 44 years	424,180	371,650	3,605	4,085	44,840	5,645
45 years and over	124,295	64,770	510	745	58,260	890
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	989,545	856,755	6,965	9,435	116,390	11,680
Americas	65,330	62,400	445	1,495	990	1,195
Brazil	2,855	2,685	15	145	15	85
Colombia	3,075	2,660	55	190	165	150
El Salvador	4,405	4,050	15	120	210	80
Guyana	920	920	0	0	0	0
Haiti	265	130	110	10	15	115
Jamaica	2,230	2,225	0	0	0	0
Mexico	7,850	7,320	65	360	105	245
Peru	2,695	2,500	10	105	85	55
Trinidad and Tobago	1,940	1,930	0	0	10	0
United States^Footnote 47	26,450	26,115	125	135	75	195
Other places of birth in Americas	12,645	11,865	55	425	305	265
Europe	170,930	162,225	3,740	2,385	2,585	4,925
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,930	3,720	0	45	160	20
Croatia	4,115	4,020	0	25	70	10
France	3,440	555	2,835	40	10	2,855
Germany	13,520	13,240	80	160	35	160
Greece	2,890	2,700	15	50	130	40
Hungary	3,705	3,615	20	40	30	40
Ireland^Footnote 48	3,830	3,825	10	0	0	0
Italy	10,395	9,790	50	205	350	150
Netherlands	6,295	6,210	0	70	0	45
Poland	10,480	10,140	0	85	250	45
Portugal	4,660	4,270	25	65	305	55
Romania	7,115	6,215	40	600	255	345
Russian Federation	8,465	7,775	30	275	380	160
Serbia^Footnote 49	3,780	3,555	10	120	95	70
Ukraine	5,480	5,135	10	65	265	40
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	56,525	56,450	50	15	10	55
Other places of birth in Europe	22,325	21,005	550	530	230	815
Africa	32,100	28,690	1,895	1,035	480	2,415
Algeria	430	90	235	90	10	285
Egypt	2,110	1,880	85	135	15	155
Ethiopia	1,665	1,600	0	20	45	10
Kenya	4,065	3,965	20	35	40	35
Morocco	725	220	335	155	20	415
Nigeria	1,205	1,200	0	0	0	0
Somalia	1,010	885	0	10	120	0
South Africa, Republic of	8,200	8,185	10	0	10	15
Other places of birth in Africa	12,690	10,670	1,205	590	220	1,500
Asia	697,300	580,250	835	4,495	111,725	3,085
Afghanistan	4,865	4,125	10	25	705	20
Bangladesh	1,870	1,795	0	30	45	10
China^Footnote 51	188,970	127,860	105	1,185	59,815	700
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	71,720	65,390	25	265	6,040	160
India	125,635	101,995	80	310	23,260	235
Iran^Footnote 53	35,250	32,300	110	945	1,900	585
Iraq	5,215	4,305	0	65	845	40
Japan	10,675	9,975	15	50	625	45
Korea, South^Footnote 54	36,860	32,555	10	360	3,930	190
Lebanon	1,860	1,470	135	160	95	210
Pakistan	9,225	8,495	0	60	665	30
Philippines	96,685	95,880	45	130	625	105
Sri Lanka	4,155	4,010	0	10	140	10
Syria^Footnote 55	2,315	1,125	15	30	1,140	30
Taiwan	37,425	32,455	30	185	4,755	125
Viet Nam	24,025	18,805	115	270	4,840	250
Other places of birth in Asia	40,560	37,710	125	430	2,295	340
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	23,885	23,185	55	20	620	60
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	142,535	115,590	1,205	1,440	24,295	1,930
Americas	10,095	9,500	50	195	345	155
Brazil	960	880	10	55	10	45
Colombia	465	350	10	25	80	20
Cuba	65	65	0	0	10	0
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	160	160	0	0	0	0
Mexico	2,295	2,205	0	45	40	30
United States^Footnote 58	4,065	3,990	20	0	45	20
Venezuela^Footnote 59	220	205	0	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	1,850	1,635	15	45	165	35
Europe	13,610	11,955	815	350	495	990
France	785	55	715	15	0	725
Germany	770	725	15	15	15	25
Ireland^Footnote 60	1,210	1,210	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	200	150	0	30	15	15
Romania	545	395	15	70	65	50
Russian Federation	1,405	1,230	0	60	110	30
Ukraine	945	820	10	10	110	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	3,850	3,840	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,895	3,525	45	150	175	120
Africa	4,355	3,660	260	220	215	370
Algeria	55	25	15	15	0	20
Cameroon	55	40	15	0	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	70	40	10	0	45
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	10	0	0	0
Egypt	510	490	0	10	10	0
Eritrea	295	245	0	0	50	0
Ethiopia	255	240	0	0	0	0
Morocco	115	25	45	30	15	60
Nigeria	370	375	0	0	0	0
Somalia	350	280	0	0	70	0
South Africa, Republic of	850	850	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	70	15	15	45	0	35
Other places of birth in Africa	1,305	1,005	125	110	65	185
Asia	112,400	88,420	75	675	23,225	415
Afghanistan	855	705	0	0	155	0
Bangladesh	385	365	0	0	25	0
China^Footnote 63	35,890	22,460	10	155	13,270	85
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	1,700	1,520	10	15	155	15
India	21,380	16,535	10	45	4,790	30
Iran^Footnote 65	8,315	7,240	10	230	835	125
Iraq	1,850	1,270	0	0	580	0
Israel	300	260	0	10	35	10
Japan	1,845	1,730	0	0	115	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	6,640	5,795	10	70	775	40
Lebanon	210	140	10	25	30	25
Nepal	215	195	0	0	25	0
Pakistan	1,665	1,545	0	0	120	10
Philippines	20,205	20,070	0	10	110	10
Saudi Arabia	330	305	0	10	15	0
Sri Lanka	455	430	0	0	30	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,785	670	0	10	1,110	0
Taiwan	2,330	2,050	0	0	275	0
Turkey	365	340	0	10	10	10
United Arab Emirates	335	320	0	0	10	10
Viet Nam	1,510	1,115	0	25	375	15
Other places of birth in Asia	3,840	3,380	0	50	400	30
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	2,075	2,050	10	0	20	10
Australia	1,135	1,135	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	935	910	10	0	20	10
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,570	14,355	134,070	32,750
First generation^Footnote 71	1,085,610	944,750	8,365	10,280	122,210	13,505
Second generation^Footnote 72	607,585	588,870	3,435	3,770	11,515	5,325
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	733,040	718,620	13,770	305	345	13,920
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	794,150	673,330	5,225	8,500	107,100	9,475
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	461,950	413,500	3,160	6,255	39,040	6,285
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	176,950	155,975	1,835	2,345	16,800	3,005
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	285,000	257,525	1,325	3,910	22,240	3,285
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	249,920	190,610	1,400	1,160	56,750	1,980
Refugees^Footnote 79	71,115	60,940	560	995	8,625	1,055
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	11,165	8,280	105	90	2,690	155
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	1,185,680	1,042,675	4,015	9,295	129,695	8,665
South Asian^Footnote 83	291,005	260,485	550	1,500	28,475	1,300
Chinese	474,655	389,800	525	2,875	81,455	1,960
Black	29,835	27,825	1,200	325	485	1,360
Filipino	123,170	122,265	90	145	670	160
Latin American	34,805	32,185	195	1,290	1,135	835
Arab	16,430	12,820	565	715	2,330	925
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	44,905	39,990	205	390	4,320	405
West Asian^Footnote 85	46,010	41,880	185	1,070	2,880	715
Korean	52,980	47,030	55	500	5,390	305
Japanese	30,110	28,795	55	130	1,130	120
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	6,490	5,830	200	130	325	270
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	35,295	33,765	190	220	1,115	305
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	1,240,555	1,209,565	21,560	5,060	4,375	24,090
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	2,426,235	2,252,235	25,575	14,355	134,070	32,750
North American Aboriginal origins	74,705	72,925	1,660	65	45	1,690
First Nations (North American Indian)	52,305	51,285	955	40	30	975
Inuit	605	585	0	0	10	0
Métis	24,510	23,710	750	35	15	770
Other North American origins	353,940	343,665	8,075	560	1,650	8,350
Acadian	1,520	1,195	320	0	0	320
American	32,115	31,845	185	50	30	210
Canadian	331,205	321,485	7,590	505	1,630	7,840
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	660	655	0	0	0	10
Nova Scotian	75	75	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	30	10	0	0	10
Québécois	750	485	255	10	0	260
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	170	165	0	0	0	0
European origins	1,195,185	1,166,795	18,525	5,350	4,515	21,195
British Isles origins	763,525	759,185	3,630	415	295	3,835
Channel Islander	155	155	0	0	0	0
Cornish	250	245	0	0	0	0
English	470,345	468,535	1,395	215	200	1,505
Irish	275,355	273,485	1,665	140	65	1,735
Manx	770	770	0	0	0	0
Scottish	341,075	339,620	1,180	175	105	1,265
Welsh	44,935	44,815	100	15	0	110
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	55,700	55,355	290	30	20	305
French origins	147,835	131,275	15,690	725	150	16,055
Alsatian	115	100	15	0	0	15
Breton	45	25	20	0	0	20
Corsican	75	65	10	0	0	10
French	147,710	131,160	15,680	730	145	16,045
Western European origins (except French origins)	312,330	308,585	2,495	945	305	2,965
Austrian	21,255	21,015	105	115	20	160
Bavarian	85	80	0	0	0	0
Belgian	8,205	7,430	680	85	10	725
Dutch	77,635	77,080	295	210	45	405
Flemish	950	915	20	20	0	25
Frisian	200	195	0	0	0	0
German	222,025	220,070	1,170	555	235	1,445
Luxembourger	330	300	25	0	0	20
Swiss	11,345	10,720	500	110	15	555
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	450	450	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	130,100	129,615	235	200	50	335
Danish	23,020	22,920	55	50	0	75
Finnish	14,090	14,010	30	35	15	45
Icelandic	11,055	11,025	0	30	0	20
Norwegian	49,330	49,235	65	15	15	70
Swedish	40,690	40,495	80	95	15	130
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	5,315	5,300	15	0	0	15
Eastern European origins	256,185	250,995	1,145	1,985	2,065	2,140
Bulgarian	2,940	2,655	40	155	95	115
Byelorussian	1,820	1,700	0	30	85	25
Czech	11,710	11,575	50	55	30	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	2,560	2,550	15	0	0	15
Estonian	2,545	2,535	0	10	10	10
Hungarian	25,860	25,405	155	170	125	240
Latvian	2,455	2,435	15	0	0	15
Lithuanian	4,160	4,115	30	15	0	35
Moldovan	720	630	0	40	50	20
Polish	70,585	69,560	395	270	365	530
Romanian	17,485	16,365	115	695	315	465
Russian	58,535	56,800	280	595	865	575
Slovak	6,345	6,265	40	20	15	50
Ukrainian	94,400	93,305	225	365	505	405
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	2,235	2,180	0	45	10	20
Southern European origins	196,300	190,100	2,095	2,140	1,965	3,160
Albanian	1,325	1,225	15	50	40	35
Bosnian	2,675	2,535	0	70	70	40
Catalan	65	60	0	10	0	0
Croatian	15,670	15,365	35	155	115	110
Cypriot	345	335	0	0	10	10
Greek	16,085	15,615	140	145	180	215
Italian	87,875	85,520	1,180	630	545	1,495
Kosovar	170	160	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	865	830	0	25	15	15
Maltese	1,190	1,165	20	0	0	15
Montenegrin	600	570	0	15	10	10
Portuguese	24,575	23,700	155	290	425	300
Serbian	10,160	9,570	35	310	245	190
Sicilian	210	195	10	0	0	10
Slovenian	3,055	3,020	20	0	0	20
Spanish	43,990	41,990	660	865	465	1,095
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	3,275	3,230	20	15	10	30
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	230	225	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	18,865	18,180	245	270	170	380
Basque	475	440	10	20	0	20
Jewish	11,230	10,760	130	180	165	220
Roma (Gypsy)	325	320	0	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	510	505	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	6,470	6,285	115	70	0	150
Caribbean origins	16,395	16,045	240	35	80	260
Antiguan	135	130	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	165	165	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	1,310	1,305	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	155	150	0	0	0	0
Carib	60	60	0	0	0	0
Cuban	870	830	10	0	25	10
Dominican	535	500	0	0	30	10
Grenadian	280	285	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	15	0	0	0
Haitian	635	465	135	10	20	140
Jamaican	6,455	6,435	20	0	0	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Martinican	25	10	15	0	0	15
Montserratan	15	20	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	280	275	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	120	115	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	3,115	3,105	10	0	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	320	325	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	1,445	1,415	30	0	0	30
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,485	1,450	20	10	0	30
Latin, Central and South American origins	49,100	46,060	375	1,515	1,150	1,130
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,790	1,675	0	55	60	25
Arawak	60	55	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,360	1,260	35	60	0	65
Belizean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	185	150	10	15	10	15
Brazilian	4,065	3,860	30	95	80	80
Chilean	3,840	3,680	40	60	55	70
Colombian	4,595	4,080	65	245	210	190
Costa Rican	460	440	0	15	10	10
Ecuadorian	740	680	10	30	15	25
Guatemalan	1,990	1,880	25	40	35	45
Guyanese	1,235	1,230	0	0	0	10
Hispanic	1,200	1,110	0	55	40	25
Honduran	1,115	1,050	0	20	45	10
Maya	625	575	0	20	25	15
Mexican	15,115	14,235	85	495	290	335
Nicaraguan	1,060	995	10	30	20	25
Panamanian	190	180	0	0	10	0
Paraguayan	280	275	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	3,100	2,890	25	105	90	75
Salvadorean	5,310	5,005	25	115	165	85
Uruguayan	285	265	10	0	0	10
Venezuelan	1,555	1,440	10	60	45	40
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	2,445	2,290	15	85	55	55
African origins	40,665	37,015	2,110	945	600	2,580
Central and West African origins	4,965	4,315	550	80	15	595
Akan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Angolan	55	45	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	60	65	0	0	0	0
Beninese	30	20	10	0	0	10
Burkinabe	20	20	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	90	60	30	0	0	30
Chadian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	675	295	335	40	10	350
Edo	55	60	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	50	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	10	0	0
Gambian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,270	1,265	0	0	0	0
Guinean	125	85	30	10	0	35
Ibo	200	200	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	45	30	15	0	0	20
Liberian	205	205	0	0	0	0
Malian	20	10	15	0	0	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,680	1,665	10	0	0	10
Peulh	20	10	10	0	0	10
Senegalese	50	15	30	10	0	35
Sierra Leonean	90	90	0	0	0	0
Togolese	80	40	30	10	0	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	130	130	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	395	310	85	10	0	85
North African origins	7,325	5,805	875	525	125	1,140
Algerian	610	250	265	90	15	310
Berber	180	60	45	75	0	80
Coptic	120	110	10	0	0	10
Dinka	15	15	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	3,405	3,160	100	120	30	165
Libyan	210	190	0	0	15	0
Maure	105	85	0	0	20	0
Moroccan	1,480	950	360	140	20	435
Sudanese	940	895	0	15	30	10
Tunisian	380	195	70	115	0	120
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	165	85	50	30	0	65
Southern and East African origins	17,295	16,170	515	220	390	620
Afrikaner	365	365	0	0	0	0
Amhara	110	100	0	0	15	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	240	110	90	30	10	105
Burundian	195	80	75	25	10	90
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	950	855	0	10	85	0
Ethiopian	2,020	1,965	10	10	40	10
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,170	1,170	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	85	55	15	0	0	20
Mauritian	755	450	220	90	0	265
Oromo	120	120	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	305	210	60	35	0	75
Seychellois	15	15	0	0	0	0
Somali	2,105	1,930	0	0	175	0
South African	6,485	6,435	20	20	15	30
Tanzanian	425	415	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	185	150	0	0	35	0
Ugandan	590	590	10	0	0	0
Zambian	120	115	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	565	565	0	0	0	0
Zulu	60	60	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	1,390	1,335	30	10	20	35
Other African origins	11,685	11,195	270	155	70	350
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	1,460	1,410	25	10	10	35
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	10,325	9,840	270	150	65	350
Asian origins	1,128,155	989,620	2,665	7,845	128,020	6,590
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	86,095	77,050	885	2,085	6,070	1,925
Afghan	7,505	6,610	10	50	830	35
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	4,655	3,765	155	165	575	235
Armenian	2,845	2,475	100	160	105	180
Assyrian	450	360	0	0	95	0
Azerbaijani	890	835	0	20	30	10
Georgian	550	535	0	0	10	0
Hazara	55	50	0	0	10	0
Iranian	44,355	40,865	210	1,080	2,200	745
Iraqi	5,205	4,320	15	100	770	70
Israeli	2,070	1,985	45	35	10	55
Jordanian	585	570	0	0	10	10
Kazakh	275	270	0	10	0	0
Kurd	1,980	1,770	10	30	170	25
Kuwaiti	100	100	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	155	110	0	35	10	15
Lebanese	5,320	4,720	280	230	90	395
Palestinian	2,245	2,130	30	30	60	40
Pashtun	330	300	0	15	10	0
Saudi Arabian	545	470	0	10	65	0
Syrian	2,780	1,760	75	20	925	85
Tajik	240	215	0	0	30	0
Tatar	650	600	0	10	35	10
Turk	5,190	4,800	85	135	170	150
Turkmen	70	65	0	0	0	0
Uighur	95	85	0	0	15	0
Uzbek	250	235	0	10	0	0
Yemeni	255	240	0	0	20	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,140	1,940	25	55	115	55
South Asian origins	287,905	257,525	670	1,600	28,110	1,470
Bangladeshi	1,510	1,435	0	25	45	10
Bengali	755	740	0	10	10	0
Bhutanese	100	65	0	0	35	0
East Indian	243,140	217,310	610	1,325	23,895	1,265
Goan	315	315	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	620	610	0	10	10	10
Kashmiri	150	140	0	10	0	0
Nepali	1,155	1,085	0	10	65	0
Pakistani	10,825	10,360	30	60	380	55
Punjabi	30,670	25,820	10	220	4,620	125
Sinhalese	525	515	0	0	10	0
Sri Lankan	5,070	4,900	15	20	130	30
Tamil	1,055	995	10	10	45	15
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	7,200	6,600	20	35	545	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	759,850	660,675	1,170	4,190	93,820	3,265
Burmese	1,965	1,770	0	10	185	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,510	2,200	35	35	245	55
Chinese	499,180	414,850	700	2,930	80,695	2,170
Filipino	133,930	132,935	110	170	715	195
Hmong	115	115	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	4,930	4,855	10	0	65	15
Japanese	37,630	36,100	55	180	1,290	145
Karen	890	610	0	0	280	0
Korean	55,505	49,370	65	520	5,550	325
Laotian	1,770	1,680	10	10	75	15
Malaysian	4,230	4,195	10	10	30	10
Mongolian	1,000	920	20	10	45	25
Singaporean	895	885	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20,345	17,810	10	175	2,340	100
Thai	3,330	3,220	25	20	60	35
Tibetan	450	410	0	0	35	0
Vietnamese	34,915	30,485	195	345	3,895	365
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	630	565	0	0	55	0
Other Asian origins	1,800	1,665	0	0	135	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	1,805	1,660	0	10	135	0
Oceania origins	26,815	26,400	55	45	320	75
Australian	8,355	8,330	10	20	0	15
New Zealander	3,340	3,340	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15,550	15,165	45	20	320	55
Fijian	13,080	12,725	25	15	315	35
Hawaiian	860	860	0	0	0	0
Maori	565	565	0	0	0	0
Samoan	250	240	10	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	345	345	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	680	660	10	0	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
No certificate, diploma or degree	287,140	226,565	2,315	1,675	56,585	3,155
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	589,940	547,665	4,985	2,485	34,805	6,230
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,187,535	1,136,765	16,185	7,180	27,405	19,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	133,020	128,095	1,990	390	2,540	2,190
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	61,205	58,455	970	195	1,585	1,070
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	71,815	69,640	1,020	195	960	1,115
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	345,280	331,755	4,715	1,070	7,745	5,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	77,845	72,425	1,015	420	3,985	1,230
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	631,385	604,495	8,465	5,295	13,130	11,115
Bachelor's degree	415,805	399,685	4,145	2,470	9,500	5,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	44,855	42,305	860	545	1,145	1,135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,135	17,145	200	240	550	320
Master's degree	129,660	123,700	2,665	1,555	1,740	3,445
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	22,935	21,660	590	490	195	830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	877,080	774,225	7,305	4,160	91,390	9,385
Education	69,880	66,385	1,275	285	1,930	1,420
13. Education	69,875	66,380	1,280	290	1,930	1,425
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	67,210	64,420	1,085	380	1,325	1,270
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	11,495	11,120	240	45	90	260
50. Visual and performing arts	55,710	53,300	845	330	1,235	1,010
Humanities	79,940	75,475	1,355	765	2,350	1,735
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,125	9,615	360	255	890	490
23. English language and literature/letters	22,630	21,990	195	125	320	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,845	23,785	285	85	690	325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	350	330	15	0	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,010	3,830	60	20	100	70
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,345	5,155	40	10	140	45
54. History	9,335	8,960	155	35	180	170
55. French language and literature/letters	2,300	1,805	245	235	25	355
Social and behavioural sciences and law	155,565	149,875	2,110	1,020	2,555	2,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,615	2,490	55	30	40	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	16,575	15,865	335	115	260	390
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	19,090	18,250	215	90	540	260
22. Legal professions and studies	24,595	23,630	320	165	490	395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	2,635	2,550	60	20	10	70
42. Psychology	26,780	26,205	360	155	65	435
45. Social sciences	63,280	60,890	780	460	1,155	1,005
Business, management and public administration	260,400	249,185	3,360	1,425	6,425	4,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	420	415	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,240	9,915	185	35	100	205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	249,745	238,855	3,175	1,390	6,330	3,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55,945	53,270	845	525	1,300	1,110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	22,715	21,960	375	230	160	485
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,390	12,965	130	75	215	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	630	610	15	0	0	20
40. Physical sciences	17,605	16,235	310	200	865	410
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,600	1,505	15	15	60	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	56,690	54,315	750	470	1,160	985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,920	43,365	605	340	610	775
25. Library science	3,205	3,095	30	20	60	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,975	7,295	100	95	485	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	590	565	10	15	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	211,905	202,005	2,620	1,285	6,000	3,260
04. Architecture and related services	11,385	10,680	165	135	400	230
14. Engineering	74,080	69,010	880	845	3,350	1,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	33,830	32,385	410	90	945	455
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	30	0	0	10	0
46. Construction trades	39,190	38,015	580	95	505	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	35,810	34,865	370	85	495	410
48. Precision production	17,580	17,025	215	45	305	235
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,890	16,120	245	65	465	280
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,385	9,840	140	40	365	155
03. Natural resources and conservation	6,510	6,280	105	25	95	115
Health and related fields	159,910	154,845	1,565	810	2,685	1,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	12,705	12,250	170	60	225	200
51. Health professions and related programs	141,905	137,610	1,330	660	2,310	1,660
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,300	4,990	75	85	155	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	52,975	50,665	970	130	1,215	1,035
12. Personal and culinary services	36,770	35,010	645	90	1,025	690
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	80	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	265	225	0	0	30	0
43. Security and protective services	5,915	5,725	145	10	35	150
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,935	9,625	170	30	110	185
Other	220	210	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	225	215	0	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	2,064,610	1,910,990	23,490	11,340	118,790	29,160
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	877,075	774,230	7,300	4,160	91,390	9,385
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	1,187,535	1,136,765	16,190	7,180	27,400	19,775
Location of study inside Canada	808,025	791,630	11,900	3,110	1,385	13,455
Same as province or territory of residence	651,955	643,300	5,085	2,260	1,310	6,210
Different than province or territory of residence	156,075	148,335	6,820	850	75	7,240
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	379,510	345,135	4,285	4,075	26,015	6,320
United States^Footnote 130	42,495	41,725	380	265	115	515
Philippines	48,070	47,955	25	25	60	40
India	35,220	33,930	20	60	1,215	50
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	33,175	32,790	215	120	55	275
China^Footnote 132	58,575	41,900	30	175	16,470	120
France	3,355	630	2,350	360	15	2,530
Other	158,620	146,200	1,265	3,065	8,090	2,795
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	2,064,615	1,910,990	23,490	11,345	118,790	not applicable ...
In the labour force	1,355,520	1,296,185	16,300	6,910	36,130	not applicable ...
Employed	1,276,900	1,223,080	15,285	6,315	32,220	not applicable ...
Unemployed	78,620	73,105	1,010	595	3,910	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	709,095	614,810	7,190	4,430	82,665	not applicable ...
Participation rate	65.7	67.8	69.4	60.9	30.4	not applicable ...
Employment rate	61.8	64.0	65.1	55.7	27.1	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	5.8	5.6	6.2	8.6	10.8	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	2,064,615	1,910,995	23,490	11,345	118,790	29,160
Did not work^Footnote 135	665,510	573,815	6,765	4,120	80,810	8,825
Worked	1,399,105	1,337,175	16,725	7,220	37,980	20,340
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	657,640	635,175	8,180	2,545	11,735	9,455
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	741,460	702,000	8,545	4,675	26,245	10,880
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.3	42.8	38.1	38.2	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	1,449,815	1,384,535	17,215	7,705	40,360	21,070
a.Management	165,070	157,435	2,270	620	4,750	2,580
00 Senior management occupations	18,760	17,665	310	85	695	355
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	58,225	56,170	910	270	880	1,045
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	56,235	53,505	680	185	1,865	775
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	31,850	30,095	365	75	1,310	400
b.Professional	290,870	282,470	4,500	2,115	1,785	5,555
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	60,130	58,575	640	305	605	795
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	67,225	65,040	1,075	715	395	1,435
30 Professional occupations in nursing	22,840	22,610	155	55	20	180
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	22,645	22,180	300	140	30	370
40 Professional occupations in education services	52,915	50,940	1,290	495	195	1,535
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	40,905	39,885	545	225	245	660
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	24,205	23,240	490	180	295	580
c.Technical and paraprofessional	149,670	145,205	2,250	975	1,240	2,740
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	40,190	39,045	600	245	295	725
32 Technical occupations in health	23,440	22,845	215	110	270	270
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	31,490	30,555	345	290	305	490
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	8,655	8,385	245	20	0	255
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45,890	44,370	850	310	370	1,005
d.Administration and administrative support	181,735	177,080	1,845	955	1,850	2,325
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	73,500	71,430	1,020	395	660	1,215
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	16,835	16,450	135	95	160	185
14 Office support occupations	67,170	65,635	450	375	715	640
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	24,235	23,570	250	95	320	295
e.Sales	154,495	148,810	1,195	870	3,610	1,635
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	39,690	38,665	380	165	475	465
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	72,995	70,335	620	470	1,580	855
66 Sales support occupations	41,810	39,815	200	235	1,560	320
f.Personal and customer information services	265,715	248,645	2,820	1,380	12,860	3,515
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	20,400	19,975	135	105	185	185
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	28,260	26,875	285	120	980	345
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	51,185	45,490	570	260	4,865	695
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	85,715	81,700	1,200	495	2,330	1,445
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	80,150	74,610	635	405	4,500	840
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	94,545	90,435	1,160	240	2,710	1,280
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	66,500	63,155	935	180	2,235	1,020
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	28,045	27,280	230	55	480	260
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	84,630	80,500	715	320	3,090	875
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	25,770	24,620	175	105	865	230
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	42,015	40,415	345	170	1,090	430
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	16,845	15,465	195	45	1,140	220
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20,950	17,220	175	60	3,505	200
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	4,005	3,690	30	15	265	35
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	5,670	4,040	15	20	1,590	25
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	11,285	9,490	130	25	1,640	140
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	42,130	36,735	280	170	4,950	360
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	4,855	4,695	40	20	95	45
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	13,490	11,465	75	65	1,890	110
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	8,060	7,360	65	35	600	85
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	15,725	13,210	95	45	2,370	125
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	1,449,815	1,384,535	17,215	7,705	40,360	21,070
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,575	11,885	105	70	3,515	140
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	11,850	8,550	70	55	3,175	100
113 Forestry and logging	815	785	15	0	15	15
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	1,555	1,375	0	0	175	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	1,350	1,180	15	0	145	20
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,930	4,745	90	30	65	105
211 Oil and gas extraction	1,140	1,085	15	25	20	25
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	1,540	1,470	30	10	35	35
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	2,250	2,195	40	0	15	40
22 Utilities	7,125	7,020	65	15	25	70
221 Utilities	7,125	7,020	65	15	20	70
23 Construction	105,670	99,920	1,260	335	4,150	1,435
236 Construction of buildings	33,320	31,160	420	155	1,590	495
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	7,280	7,035	90	10	145	95
238 Specialty trade contractors	65,070	61,725	755	180	2,410	840
31-33 Manufacturing	90,215	83,185	890	470	5,675	1,120
311 Food manufacturing	17,395	14,895	120	95	2,290	165
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	2,285	2,230	20	0	35	20
313 Textile mills	295	230	0	0	65	10
314 Textile product mills	870	800	10	0	65	10
315 Clothing manufacturing	2,780	1,845	0	10	920	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	140	130	0	0	10	10
321 Wood product manufacturing	5,665	5,260	75	20	315	85
322 Paper manufacturing	2,615	2,545	30	0	40	30
323 Printing and related support activities	4,530	4,340	50	10	130	55
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	430	405	10	0	20	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	4,515	4,300	35	70	110	70
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	3,625	3,440	25	10	150	30
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	3,615	3,460	35	10	105	45
331 Primary metal manufacturing	2,260	2,200	15	0	40	15
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	7,980	7,640	85	40	220	100
333 Machinery manufacturing	5,955	5,685	50	45	180	70
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	5,685	5,445	70	60	105	105
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	2,655	2,555	35	0	60	35
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	5,185	4,960	110	30	85	125
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	5,480	4,970	40	10	455	45
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	6,235	5,855	65	45	275	80
41 Wholesale trade	59,135	55,955	565	255	2,355	700
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	825	755	10	0	60	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	260	255	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	13,115	11,945	80	40	1,050	105
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	9,055	8,540	140	55	325	165
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	3,000	2,940	30	0	20	35
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	10,100	9,705	85	15	295	95
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	12,195	11,935	110	75	75	150
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	6,815	6,435	70	45	270	85
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	3,770	3,445	45	20	260	55
44-45 Retail trade	165,630	158,735	1,375	970	4,550	1,860
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	15,190	14,845	110	50	190	130
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	7,270	6,860	130	50	235	150
443 Electronics and appliance stores	7,865	7,655	75	60	75	100
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	8,520	8,270	75	35	135	95
445 Food and beverage stores	39,550	36,850	195	145	2,355	265
446 Health and personal care stores	18,310	17,760	100	140	315	170
447 Gasoline stations	3,095	3,005	15	15	60	20
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	26,140	25,130	325	255	425	455
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	8,030	7,800	75	40	110	95
452 General merchandise stores	14,710	14,330	100	90	185	145
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	9,915	9,530	85	50	250	110
454 Non-store retailers	7,040	6,690	100	40	205	115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	79,470	76,980	995	360	1,135	1,175
481 Air transportation	8,400	7,975	345	50	35	370
482 Rail transportation	1,900	1,815	60	10	15	65
483 Water transportation	2,995	2,955	35	0	10	30
484 Truck transportation	17,255	16,600	135	50	465	160
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	13,130	12,840	105	65	115	140
486 Pipeline transportation	130	130	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	565	530	10	10	15	15
488 Support activities for transportation	16,595	16,215	165	85	125	205
491 Postal service	5,305	5,190	65	15	25	70
492 Couriers and messengers	6,300	6,095	50	25	130	60
493 Warehousing and storage	6,900	6,645	20	50	190	45
51 Information and cultural industries	53,900	52,330	1,015	240	310	1,135
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	10,385	9,990	190	45	160	215
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	21,025	20,365	515	85	60	560
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	2,510	2,380	100	0	25	100
517 Telecommunications	13,800	13,555	140	50	60	165
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	1,715	1,680	25	10	0	30
519 Other information services	4,460	4,365	45	45	10	65
52 Finance and insurance	69,170	67,225	710	385	850	900
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	29,660	29,075	235	170	180	320
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	14,450	13,715	140	105	495	190
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	24,755	24,155	335	100	165	385
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	295	280	0	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	38,645	37,290	310	160	875	395
531 Real estate	34,570	33,310	280	145	835	355
532 Rental and leasing services	3,920	3,835	25	15	45	35
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	145	140	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	143,255	138,870	1,955	1,010	1,415	2,460
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	143,250	138,870	1,955	1,010	1,415	2,460
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,360	3,235	45	25	55	55
551 Management of companies and enterprises	3,360	3,235	50	20	50	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	67,670	63,750	845	415	2,660	1,050
561 Administrative and support services	64,480	60,640	835	405	2,600	1,035
562 Waste management and remediation services	3,185	3,115	10	10	60	10
61 Educational services	109,895	106,080	2,170	915	740	2,625
611 Educational services	109,900	106,075	2,165	915	740	2,625
62 Health care and social assistance	147,565	144,130	1,425	690	1,325	1,770
621 Ambulatory health care services	57,580	56,235	505	305	530	660
622 Hospitals	42,140	41,500	410	135	90	475
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	19,265	18,865	145	75	175	185
624 Social assistance	28,575	27,520	355	170	530	440
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	36,855	35,950	450	160	300	525
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	14,490	14,055	210	65	160	245
712 Heritage institutions	1,725	1,690	25	10	10	30
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	20,640	20,210	215	90	125	255
72 Accommodation and food services	126,015	116,675	1,180	625	7,525	1,500
721 Accommodation services	14,510	13,825	170	100	415	220
722 Food services and drinking places	111,505	102,845	1,020	525	7,115	1,280
81 Other services (except public administration)	67,160	63,450	730	235	2,745	850
811 Repair and maintenance	16,085	15,305	180	50	560	205
812 Personal and laundry services	23,385	21,840	215	90	1,235	260
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	18,860	18,105	270	85	400	315
814 Private households	8,830	8,195	65	15	550	70
91 Public administration	58,585	57,120	1,035	340	90	1,210
911 Federal government public administration	23,520	22,570	705	195	50	800
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,060	9,935	85	35	10	100
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	24,120	23,765	235	95	25	285
914 Aboriginal public administration	475	460	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	415	390	10	10	10	15
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	1,276,900	1,223,080	15,285	6,315	32,220	18,445
Worked at home	104,865	100,230	1,530	515	2,585	1,790
Worked outside Canada	12,820	10,505	95	105	2,125	145
No fixed workplace address	169,320	160,065	2,120	675	6,460	2,460
Worked at usual place	989,885	952,280	11,540	5,020	21,050	14,045
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	1,449,815	1,384,535	17,215	7,710	40,360	21,070
English	1,330,560	1,302,505	14,525	6,505	7,030	17,775
French	3,240	1,455	1,630	155	10	1,705
Non-official language	74,865	43,495	75	315	30,975	235
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	74,860	43,490	75	315	30,975	235
English and French	2,780	1,525	880	365	0	1,060
English and non-official language	37,980	35,310	50	290	2,340	195
French and non-official language	35	25	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	350	220	50	70	0	90
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	1,449,815	1,384,535	17,215	7,705	40,360	21,070
None	1,311,370	1,260,905	12,060	6,140	32,270	15,130
English	30,730	24,865	1,165	290	4,410	1,310
French	11,775	7,665	3,670	435	10	3,885
Non-official language	93,465	89,065	195	695	3,510	540
Aboriginal	120	120	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	93,350	88,945	190	700	3,510	540
English and French	35	15	10	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,120	920	20	10	165	20
French and non-official language	1,320	1,095	110	115	0	165
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	989,890	952,280	11,540	5,020	21,050	14,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	436,410	417,545	5,465	2,085	11,315	6,505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	534,525	516,545	5,865	2,810	9,310	7,270
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,900	14,360	115	60	350	150
Commute to a different province or territory	4,060	3,835	90	55	75	120
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	1,159,210	1,112,345	13,665	5,695	27,510	16,510
Car, truck, van - as a driver	745,820	719,985	7,600	2,595	15,640	8,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	58,040	53,065	515	305	4,155	665
Public transit	235,985	225,235	3,090	1,980	5,680	4,080
Walked	77,830	74,460	1,360	515	1,500	1,615
Bicycle	27,235	26,005	840	210	180	950
Other method	14,310	13,590	255	95	365	300
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	1,159,210	1,112,345	13,665	5,695	27,505	16,510
Less than 15 minutes	207,760	200,390	2,330	915	4,120	2,790
15 to 29 minutes	375,365	360,235	4,720	1,730	8,685	5,585
30 to 44 minutes	306,135	292,370	3,490	1,400	8,875	4,190
45 to 59 minutes	139,550	134,640	1,635	785	2,485	2,030
60 minutes and over	130,405	124,720	1,485	860	3,345	1,915
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	1,159,210	1,112,345	13,660	5,700	27,510	16,510
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	75,910	73,095	915	215	1,685	1,020
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	182,835	176,345	2,240	585	3,680	2,530
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	282,185	272,390	3,885	1,380	4,530	4,575
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	260,325	249,975	3,390	1,465	5,495	4,120
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	183,645	172,505	1,705	1,055	8,380	2,235
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	174,305	168,030	1,525	1,000	3,745	2,025
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	2,403,020	2,232,790	25,420	14,250	130,565	32,545
Non-movers	2,024,070	1,884,520	20,550	11,525	107,480	26,310
Movers	378,945	348,270	4,870	2,720	23,085	6,230
Non-migrants	207,285	193,095	2,200	1,250	10,735	2,825
Migrants	171,660	155,175	2,670	1,470	12,350	3,400
Internal migrants	117,565	111,010	1,875	945	3,725	2,345
Intraprovincial migrants	93,805	89,290	885	590	3,035	1,180
Interprovincial migrants	23,760	21,715	990	355	690	1,165
External migrants	54,095	44,155	795	525	8,625	1,055
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	2,310,245	2,150,050	24,875	14,060	121,265	31,910
Non-movers	1,298,685	1,212,945	12,455	7,130	66,155	16,020
Movers	1,011,565	937,105	12,420	6,930	55,105	15,890
Non-migrants	516,530	484,770	5,245	2,855	23,665	6,665
Migrants	495,035	452,335	7,180	4,080	31,440	9,220
Internal migrants	309,040	294,505	5,200	1,990	7,345	6,195
Intraprovincial migrants	246,845	237,015	2,530	1,185	6,120	3,125
Interprovincial migrants	62,195	57,490	2,670	800	1,230	3,075
External migrants	186,000	157,830	1,980	2,095	24,095	3,025

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Greater Vancouver

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.7%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.