Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Westmorland

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	145,710	77,535	60,275	2,145
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	145,710	77,540	60,280	2,145
0 to 14 years	22,725	12,820	8,455	515
0 to 4 years	7,365	4,060	2,790	245
5 to 9 years	7,965	4,585	2,910	145
10 to 14 years	7,390	4,170	2,760	125
15 to 64 years	97,935	51,680	40,565	1,380
15 to 19 years	7,455	4,430	2,540	160
20 to 24 years	8,975	4,700	3,585	240
25 to 29 years	9,035	4,650	3,795	170
30 to 34 years	9,720	4,850	4,165	160
35 to 39 years	9,915	4,860	4,310	155
40 to 44 years	10,260	5,355	4,160	115
45 to 49 years	9,975	5,600	3,705	90
50 to 54 years	11,250	6,130	4,685	95
55 to 59 years	10,990	5,770	4,915	75
60 to 64 years	10,360	5,340	4,710	120
65 years and over	25,045	13,040	11,255	255
65 to 69 years	8,955	4,735	3,960	105
70 to 74 years	6,455	3,280	2,980	60
75 to 79 years	4,395	2,230	2,035	35
80 to 84 years	2,850	1,475	1,290	25
85 years and over	2,390	1,315	995	35
85 to 89 years	1,690	895	730	25
90 to 94 years	570	335	225	0
95 to 99 years	130	80	45	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0
Average age	41.7	41.2	43.1	33.4
Median age	42.4	42.4	43.9	29.8
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	122,980	64,715	51,820	1,635
Married or living common law	74,030	37,345	32,655	830
Married	57,415	29,345	24,600	550
Living common law	16,620	8,000	8,055	285
Not married and not living common law	48,950	27,375	19,165	805
Never married	31,750	17,505	12,385	640
Separated	4,210	2,515	1,585	10
Divorced	7,005	4,040	2,720	105
Widowed	5,985	3,315	2,475	40
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	122,980	64,715	51,825	1,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	118,425	62,100	50,570	1,545
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,836	39,680	43,033	34,436
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,065	31,416	36,120	27,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	118,470	62,115	50,595	1,545
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,214	33,387	35,832	29,499
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,579	28,378	31,641	26,015
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	106,230	55,310	45,700	1,345
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,067	37,995	41,072	33,547
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,775	29,339	33,803	26,461
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	84,215	44,760	35,445	1,200
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,145	8,097	8,442	6,764
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,991	7,628	4,194
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	88,715	46,260	38,055	1,175
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,748	37,401	41,035	34,246
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,041	29,281	34,898	27,461
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	85.8	85.3	86.3	84.8
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	71.1	70.2	71.7	75.6
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	14.2	14.7	13.7	15.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	122,980	64,720	51,825	1,635
Without total income	4,550	2,615	1,250	90
With total income	118,425	62,095	50,570	1,545
Percentage with total income	96.3	95.9	97.6	94.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,840	8,285	5,345	235
$10,000 to $19,999	19,370	10,690	7,625	310
$20,000 to $29,999	19,605	10,750	7,725	305
$30,000 to $39,999	17,330	9,065	7,480	230
$40,000 to $49,999	14,185	7,345	6,360	165
$50,000 to $59,999	9,505	4,445	4,815	70
$60,000 to $69,999	6,740	3,180	3,315	80
$70,000 to $79,999	5,255	2,615	2,525	40
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	1,615	1,865	40
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	1,195	970	30
$100,000 and over	5,750	2,925	2,545	55
$100,000 to $149,999	4,025	1,980	1,850	40
$150,000 and over	1,730	945	700	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	122,980	64,715	51,825	1,635
Without after-tax income	4,510	2,600	1,225	90
With after-tax income	118,470	62,115	50,595	1,545
Percentage with after-tax income	96.3	96.0	97.6	94.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,370	8,615	5,535	240
$10,000 to $19,999	20,835	11,485	8,200	330
$20,000 to $29,999	23,975	12,815	9,845	365
$30,000 to $39,999	20,765	10,990	8,965	265
$40,000 to $49,999	14,160	6,630	7,090	145
$50,000 to $59,999	9,095	4,515	4,295	75
$60,000 to $69,999	6,055	2,845	3,060	50
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	1,570	1,480	25
$80,000 and over	5,055	2,640	2,140	50
$80,000 to $89,999	1,680	840	725	15
$90,000 to $99,999	975	480	445	20
$100,000 and over	2,395	1,315	970	20
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	122,980	64,720	51,820	1,635
Without employment income	34,270	18,455	13,770	460
With employment income	88,710	46,260	38,050	1,175
Percentage with employment income	72.1	71.5	73.4	71.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,805	6,060	4,085	130
$5,000 to $9,999	7,130	3,750	2,945	115
$10,000 to $19,999	12,925	7,130	5,080	180
$20,000 to $29,999	12,255	6,640	4,760	225
$30,000 to $39,999	11,300	6,110	4,640	160
$40,000 to $49,999	9,420	4,930	4,150	110
$50,000 to $59,999	6,680	3,020	3,470	60
$60,000 to $69,999	5,000	2,260	2,540	60
$70,000 to $79,999	4,145	1,900	2,140	45
$80,000 and over	9,055	4,465	4,240	95
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,320	1,455	30
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	995	825	25
$100,000 and over	4,310	2,150	1,955	40
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	122,980	64,720	51,820	1,635
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	44,810	23,580	19,495	585
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	46,036	43,516	49,990	41,528
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	53,934	52,637	56,019	47,439
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	145,710	77,540	60,280	2,150
English only	63,685	59,620	450	90
French only	5,615	0	5,385	10
English and French	75,715	17,900	54,425	2,045
Neither English nor French	700	20	20	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	145,710	77,535	60,280	2,150
English	87,775	75,490	9,800	955
French	51,025	1,285	48,770	525
Non-official language	3,310	185	100	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,310	185	100	0
English and French	2,515	375	1,460	655
English and non-official language	775	190	10	0
French and non-official language	180	0	115	0
English, French and non-official language	120	15	25	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	145,705	77,540	60,275	2,150
None	114,675	71,940	38,360	1,315
English	18,490	1,005	15,955	335
French	10,455	4,180	5,625	465
Non-official language	1,700	345	225	25
Aboriginal	35	20	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,665	325	225	20
English and French	105	0	15	0
English and non-official language	120	0	60	0
French and non-official language	175	70	30	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	145,710	77,535	60,275	2,150
English	82,875	77,535	450	960
French	60,980	0	59,825	525
English and French	1,195	0	0	665
Neither English nor French	660	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	61,580	0	59,825	855
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	42.3	0.0	99.3	39.8
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	145,705	77,540	60,280	2,150
Official languages	145,005	77,520	60,260	2,145
English	139,395	77,515	54,875	2,135
French	81,330	17,900	59,810	2,055
Non-official languages	9,050	1,630	1,660	105
Aboriginal languages	85	35	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,970	1,590	1,655	100
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	145,705	77,540	60,275	2,145
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	3,605	2,030	1,445	70
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	3,455	1,930	1,395	65
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	1,535	1,155	300	30
Métis	1,820	715	1,070	35
Inuk (Inuit)	95	65	25	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	35	25	10	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	115	75	40	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	142,100	75,505	58,835	2,075
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	145,710	77,535	60,280	2,145
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	985	745	175	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	144,725	76,795	60,105	2,130
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	145,710	77,540	60,275	2,145
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	990	575	365	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	975	575	355	15
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	700	445	215	10
Métis single ancestry	225	85	140	10
Inuit single ancestry	50	45	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	15	0	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	6,165	3,380	2,575	180
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	5,970	3,320	2,440	180
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,365	2,580	1,630	120
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,525	675	795	55
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	85	60	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	190	60	130	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	50	110	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	138,555	73,585	57,345	1,955
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	145,705	77,540	60,275	2,150
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	140,040	76,280	59,145	2,135
Canadian citizens only	138,140	75,505	58,640	2,100
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,895	775	510	40
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	5,670	1,260	1,125	10
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	145,705	77,535	60,275	2,150
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	136,040	74,835	58,475	2,120
Immigrants^Footnote 44	8,090	2,475	1,355	25
Before 1981	2,250	1,290	465	10
1981 to 1990	480	175	65	10
1991 to 2000	590	185	90	0
2001 to 2010	1,900	480	335	10
2001 to 2005	660	200	115	0
2006 to 2010	1,235	285	220	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	2,870	350	395	0
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	1,580	230	445	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	8,085	2,475	1,355	25
Under 5 years	1,165	540	315	15
5 to 14 years	1,840	675	340	15
15 to 24 years	1,395	460	215	0
25 to 44 years	3,065	685	400	0
45 years and over	630	120	80	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	8,085	2,475	1,355	30
Americas	1,950	1,095	505	20
Brazil	10	0	0	0
Colombia	90	10	20	0
El Salvador	20	0	0	0
Guyana	40	40	0	0
Haiti	70	0	40	0
Jamaica	35	30	0	0
Mexico	55	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	15	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,430	970	420	25
Other places of birth in Americas	175	30	25	0
Europe	2,320	955	495	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0
Croatia	10	0	0	0
France	390	15	380	0
Germany	335	90	15	0
Greece	0	0	0	0
Hungary	25	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	30	30	0	0
Italy	95	10	0	0
Netherlands	125	15	0	0
Poland	40	0	0	0
Portugal	25	0	0	0
Romania	180	40	0	0
Russian Federation	45	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	740	735	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	245	15	95	0
Africa	1,100	105	310	10
Algeria	110	0	25	0
Egypt	25	0	10	0
Ethiopia	30	25	0	0
Kenya	10	10	0	0
Morocco	80	0	35	0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	775	60	235	10
Asia	2,680	295	50	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	495	40	30	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	55	15	0	0
India	210	30	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	60	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Japan	35	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	425	0	0	0
Lebanon	110	0	10	0
Pakistan	45	10	0	0
Philippines	405	115	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	285	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	255	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	265	40	10	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	30	25	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	2,870	350	400	0
Americas	210	80	30	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	35	0	15	0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0
Mexico	15	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	85	70	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	10	0
Europe	520	100	240	0
France	190	0	190	0
Germany	20	0	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	10	10	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	130	40	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	40	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	10	40	0
Africa	425	0	130	0
Algeria	10	0	10	0
Cameroon	20	0	15	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	0	35	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10	0
Eritrea	35	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	0	0
Tunisia	55	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	175	0	55	0
Asia	1,710	160	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	370	15	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	100	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	40	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0
Israel	20	10	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	220	0	0	0
Lebanon	50	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0
Philippines	310	80	0	0
Saudi Arabia	25	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	260	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	0	0	0
Viet Nam	195	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	145,705	77,535	60,280	2,150
First generation^Footnote 73	10,260	3,105	1,935	50
Second generation^Footnote 74	8,740	6,080	1,950	215
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	126,705	68,350	56,390	1,885
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	5,920	1,230	905	10
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	3,560	640	575	10
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	1,420	200	245	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	2,135	435	340	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	1,295	475	230	10
Refugees^Footnote 81	1,030	110	85	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	40	10	15	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	145,710	77,535	60,275	2,150
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	7,145	1,785	1,195	115
South Asian^Footnote 85	530	195	30	0
Chinese	865	120	80	0
Black	2,340	820	895	50
Filipino	720	310	0	0
Latin American	405	35	25	0
Arab	1,005	50	85	25
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	420	110	20	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	65	0	0	0
Korean	505	25	10	0
Japanese	85	35	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	40	25	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	160	40	40	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	138,565	75,755	59,085	2,035
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	145,710	77,540	60,275	2,145
North American Aboriginal origins	7,155	3,955	2,935	195
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,265	3,080	1,990	130
Inuit	160	115	35	0
Métis	1,955	825	1,075	60
Other North American origins	89,115	40,950	46,575	1,515
Acadian	11,420	2,435	8,585	400
American	955	770	170	15
Canadian	81,840	38,865	41,650	1,240
New Brunswicker	75	15	60	0
Newfoundlander	65	65	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	15	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0
Québécois	225	25	190	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	15	10	10	0
European origins	84,690	53,575	28,235	1,350
British Isles origins	54,775	46,710	7,005	950
Channel Islander	20	10	10	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0
English	29,520	26,385	2,580	475
Irish	23,880	19,710	3,670	485
Manx	0	0	0	0
Scottish	22,500	20,470	1,740	260
Welsh	1,470	1,455	15	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,055	1,885	115	40
French origins	42,180	15,285	25,795	1,030
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	15	0	10	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	42,175	15,280	25,800	1,030
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,200	8,685	785	125
Austrian	240	165	20	15
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	345	165	175	10
Dutch	2,420	2,085	100	40
Flemish	10	0	10	0
Frisian	10	0	0	0
German	7,605	6,690	450	75
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	300	175	75	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	10	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,470	1,315	90	30
Danish	440	420	10	10
Finnish	70	65	0	0
Icelandic	35	35	0	0
Norwegian	420	375	35	10
Swedish	405	350	20	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	145	125	25	0
Eastern European origins	2,150	1,415	230	45
Bulgarian	35	15	10	0
Byelorussian	20	10	0	0
Czech	100	75	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	30	25	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	250	150	20	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	65	10	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	585	385	110	25
Romanian	285	125	20	0
Russian	390	205	30	15
Slovak	30	25	0	0
Ukrainian	635	535	15	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	10	0	0
Southern European origins	2,950	1,765	680	20
Albanian	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	40	20	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	200	155	30	0
Italian	1,700	1,120	355	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0
Maltese	50	50	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	335	130	150	0
Serbian	15	10	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	10	0	0
Spanish	615	290	155	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	35	25	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	415	240	105	15
Basque	40	0	40	0
Jewish	170	110	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	10	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	195	120	60	15
Caribbean origins	620	370	140	25
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	20	20	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	25	25	0	0
Carib	0	10	0	0
Cuban	50	20	0	0
Dominican	50	30	20	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	15	0	10	0
Haitian	135	10	95	0
Jamaican	195	155	15	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	65	55	10	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	55	40	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	710	195	85	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	20	0	0
Chilean	35	0	0	0
Colombian	100	20	20	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	50	50	0	0
Hispanic	50	40	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0
Maya	10	10	0	0
Mexican	300	20	25	10
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0
Salvadorean	20	0	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	35	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	50	20	10	0
African origins	2,510	555	995	90
Central and West African origins	1,005	135	560	20
Akan	20	0	15	0
Angolan	20	10	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	10	0	10	0
Burkinabe	55	0	45	0
Cameroonian	100	0	70	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	260	35	155	10
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	0	0
Guinean	100	0	55	0
Ibo	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	45	0	45	0
Liberian	35	0	0	0
Malian	85	0	65	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	30	15	0
Peulh	40	10	10	0
Senegalese	75	15	45	0
Sierra Leonean	20	15	0	0
Togolese	25	0	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	130	15	90	0
North African origins	560	40	195	40
Algerian	130	0	65	15
Berber	120	0	50	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	15	10	0
Libyan	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	180	20	80	10
Sudanese	0	10	0	0
Tunisian	135	0	25	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	15	10	10	0
Southern and East African origins	410	125	60	25
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	30	0	10	0
Burundian	30	15	10	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	95	0	0	0
Ethiopian	30	20	0	10
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	20	0	0	15
Mauritian	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0
South African	70	55	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	25	10	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	40	20	10	0
Other African origins	640	300	215	10
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	50	20	30	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	590	280	190	10
Asian origins	4,695	1,250	355	70
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,375	360	175	25
Afghan	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	160	25	35	0
Armenian	25	10	0	10
Assyrian	10	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	100	20	0	0
Iraqi	10	0	0	0
Israeli	20	0	0	0
Jordanian	105	15	10	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	435	205	110	0
Palestinian	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	415	50	15	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	10	0	0	0
Turk	75	30	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	20	0	0	10
South Asian origins	595	250	35	10
Bangladeshi	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	460	200	35	10
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	60	25	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	25	20	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	25	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,715	635	135	40
Burmese	25	20	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	0	15	0
Chinese	1,025	160	105	35
Filipino	740	325	10	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	10	0	0
Japanese	85	35	0	0
Karen	65	10	0	0
Korean	510	25	10	10
Laotian	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	10	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	300	65	25	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	45	15	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	45	15	0	0
Oceania origins	50	45	0	10
Australian	35	25	0	0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	122,980	64,715	51,820	1,635
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,620	11,600	9,950	360
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	34,075	20,815	11,770	490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,285	32,300	30,100	785
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,745	5,190	4,125	100
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	5,140	2,690	2,220	65
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	4,595	2,500	1,910	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,465	15,775	12,585	405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,450	1,050	1,135	30
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	24,625	10,285	12,245	250
Bachelor's degree	17,110	7,315	8,495	180
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,715	700	855	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	680	250	360	0
Master's degree	4,250	1,735	2,120	40
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	875	285	415	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	122,980	64,720	51,820	1,635
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	56,690	32,415	21,720	850
Education	5,245	2,340	2,695	60
13. Education	5,250	2,335	2,695	55
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,805	855	780	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	320	200	105	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,485	655	675	30
Humanities	2,655	1,455	960	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	395	65	250	0
23. English language and literature/letters	475	365	55	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	575	325	225	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	25	10	15	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	100	70	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	220	80	10
54. History	410	270	140	0
55. French language and literature/letters	270	105	140	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,715	2,995	2,275	80
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	25	25	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	535	260	220	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,290	705	485	35
22. Legal professions and studies	980	485	460	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	50	20	20	0
42. Psychology	1,250	685	515	10
45. Social sciences	1,555	815	545	20
Business, management and public administration	17,160	8,110	8,150	195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	35	30	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,240	425	790	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,860	7,645	7,335	195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,780	835	770	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	895	395	425	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	235	100	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	45	0	35	0
40. Physical sciences	370	160	160	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	40	50	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,920	1,505	1,085	50
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,595	1,340	975	45
25. Library science	135	65	60	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	95	40	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	20	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	12,835	6,450	5,720	120
04. Architecture and related services	150	55	85	0
14. Engineering	1,415	510	610	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,010	1,605	1,305	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,960	1,535	1,335	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,450	1,900	1,425	35
48. Precision production	1,860	855	965	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	965	570	340	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	585	380	155	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	380	195	185	0
Health and related fields	9,795	4,555	4,820	110
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	725	265	435	15
51. Health professions and related programs	8,840	4,190	4,280	95
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	225	90	100	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,400	2,635	2,500	70
12. Personal and culinary services	3,160	1,520	1,505	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	45	50	0
43. Security and protective services	965	430	510	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,175	640	435	10
Other	15	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	122,980	64,715	51,825	1,635
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,695	32,415	21,720	850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	66,285	32,300	30,100	785
Location of study inside Canada	62,435	31,170	29,415	770
Same as province or territory of residence	47,930	21,705	24,935	625
Different than province or territory of residence	14,505	9,465	4,480	145
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	3,850	1,130	685	15
United States^Footnote 132	830	550	205	0
Philippines	350	110	0	0
India	120	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	305	270	20	0
China^Footnote 134	315	0	0	0
France	355	10	290	10
Other	1,575	180	160	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	122,980	64,715	51,820	1,635
In the labour force	80,760	42,290	34,200	1,110
Employed	73,745	38,675	31,235	990
Unemployed	7,015	3,615	2,960	115
Not in the labour force	42,220	22,425	17,625	525
Participation rate	65.7	65.3	66.0	67.9
Employment rate	60.0	59.8	60.3	60.6
Unemployment rate	8.7	8.5	8.7	10.4
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	122,980	64,720	51,825	1,635
Did not work^Footnote 137	38,285	20,575	15,585	500
Worked	84,700	44,145	36,235	1,135
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	45,700	24,095	19,755	595
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	38,995	20,045	16,485	540
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.6	42.4	41.8
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	86,950	45,495	36,890	1,170
a.Management	8,145	4,490	3,180	110
00 Senior management occupations	825	390	375	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,690	1,305	1,275	30
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,040	1,810	990	55
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,590	990	535	15
b.Professional	14,455	6,130	7,500	200
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	2,715	1,245	1,350	35
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	2,180	1,040	960	40
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,855	700	1,115	25
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,270	540	650	20
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,380	1,380	1,790	55
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,215	895	1,205	15
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	845	330	430	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	8,130	4,175	3,625	115
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,610	1,410	1,075	55
32 Technical occupations in health	1,880	935	905	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,670	855	745	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	615	270	335	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,350	695	575	10
d.Administration and administrative support	10,960	5,625	4,940	190
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,295	2,020	2,115	65
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	930	545	355	15
14 Office support occupations	3,970	2,035	1,775	85
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,765	1,030	690	20
e.Sales	9,835	6,105	3,315	130
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,005	1,225	705	15
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,240	2,600	1,465	60
66 Sales support occupations	3,590	2,280	1,140	50
f.Personal and customer information services	18,295	10,180	6,875	270
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,755	950	730	20
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,090	1,170	785	25
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	2,920	1,555	1,060	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	6,125	3,395	2,365	100
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,410	3,110	1,940	90
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,850	2,770	2,895	65
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,570	1,480	1,965	35
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,280	1,290	930	30
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	6,005	3,410	2,350	65
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,635	950	620	25
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	3,290	1,900	1,220	35
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,075	565	505	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,775	1,075	625	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	505	275	205	10
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	515	315	180	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	750	490	235	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,505	1,540	1,600	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	405	210	175	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,105	445	465	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	600	320	250	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,400	560	710	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	86,950	45,495	36,895	1,170
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,420	870	480	10
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	815	560	195	0
113 Forestry and logging	185	100	80	10
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	300	125	165	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	120	80	40	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	775	465	285	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	420	275	130	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	145	90	55	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	205	95	95	0
22 Utilities	220	120	90	0
221 Utilities	215	120	85	10
23 Construction	5,650	2,730	2,735	65
236 Construction of buildings	1,305	610	655	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	795	430	350	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,550	1,685	1,730	55
31-33 Manufacturing	6,425	3,025	2,875	55
311 Food manufacturing	2,385	905	1,145	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	215	110	95	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	25	10	15	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	45	35	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	400	165	230	0
322 Paper manufacturing	535	315	190	10
323 Printing and related support activities	110	45	55	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	110	65	30	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	120	70	50	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	300	165	130	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	140	90	35	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	60	35	20	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	630	305	305	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	190	75	90	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	205	135	50	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	90	70	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	195	115	65	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	375	125	235	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	290	170	110	0
41 Wholesale trade	3,265	2,005	1,100	50
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	100	60	40	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	700	470	185	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	390	205	165	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	360	235	115	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	535	345	190	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	760	435	275	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	270	175	80	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	140	75	45	0
44-45 Retail trade	10,925	6,745	3,690	175
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,490	875	560	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	430	240	170	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	355	215	125	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	690	460	205	10
445 Food and beverage stores	2,285	1,395	760	35
446 Health and personal care stores	1,205	680	465	40
447 Gasoline stations	525	335	165	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,000	570	375	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	580	335	225	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,445	1,070	340	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	665	445	210	0
454 Non-store retailers	255	150	85	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,895	2,940	1,695	50
481 Air transportation	215	100	100	0
482 Rail transportation	185	65	110	10
483 Water transportation	45	35	15	0
484 Truck transportation	1,830	1,160	585	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	365	180	135	10
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	10	0
488 Support activities for transportation	600	415	130	10
491 Postal service	345	185	165	0
492 Couriers and messengers	840	520	270	20
493 Warehousing and storage	470	285	175	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,995	1,005	920	20
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	315	160	130	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	165	80	75	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	270	80	190	0
517 Telecommunications	1,010	565	425	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	35	30	0	0
519 Other information services	200	85	95	0
52 Finance and insurance	4,360	2,195	1,990	80
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,695	925	690	30
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	355	160	180	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,270	1,090	1,100	55
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	40	20	20	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,110	675	385	10
531 Real estate	865	520	310	0
532 Rental and leasing services	235	155	65	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	0	10	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,200	2,100	1,820	55
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,200	2,100	1,820	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	90	25	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	125	95	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,520	3,345	1,855	95
561 Administrative and support services	5,315	3,195	1,805	95
562 Waste management and remediation services	205	150	50	0
61 Educational services	6,080	2,575	3,180	80
611 Educational services	6,080	2,575	3,180	80
62 Health care and social assistance	11,225	5,205	5,630	135
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,625	1,170	1,350	35
622 Hospitals	4,055	1,675	2,275	40
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,390	1,340	970	10
624 Social assistance	2,145	1,030	1,035	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,070	1,210	700	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	430	225	170	0
712 Heritage institutions	120	80	45	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,515	910	480	20
72 Accommodation and food services	6,705	3,990	2,040	100
721 Accommodation services	1,125	635	400	10
722 Food services and drinking places	5,575	3,355	1,635	85
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,630	1,935	1,495	75
811 Repair and maintenance	1,165	695	435	15
812 Personal and laundry services	1,160	555	570	20
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,085	570	435	25
814 Private households	220	110	60	15
91 Public administration	6,360	2,255	3,905	95
911 Federal government public administration	4,000	1,285	2,565	70
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,080	405	655	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,265	560	670	15
914 Aboriginal public administration	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	0	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	73,745	38,675	31,235	990
Worked at home	4,575	2,575	1,715	45
Worked outside Canada	255	95	50	0
No fixed workplace address	6,755	3,735	2,680	85
Worked at usual place	62,155	32,270	26,785	855
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	86,955	45,495	36,890	1,170
English	61,665	43,445	15,215	505
French	18,600	1,000	17,030	230
Non-official language	230	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	225	0	0	0
English and French	6,300	1,025	4,635	435
English and non-official language	145	20	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	0	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	86,955	45,495	36,890	1,170
None	55,880	38,985	13,730	675
English	12,405	745	11,275	165
French	18,120	5,680	11,840	335
Non-official language	480	70	30	0
Aboriginal	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	465	65	20	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	0	10	0
French and non-official language	45	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	62,155	32,265	26,790	860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,070	17,790	12,245	495
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	25,655	11,725	13,015	305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,980	1,805	1,090	25
Commute to a different province or territory	1,455	950	440	30
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	68,910	36,005	29,470	945
Car, truck, van - as a driver	55,615	28,310	24,875	725
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,750	3,180	2,125	100
Public transit	2,240	1,275	715	30
Walked	4,025	2,530	1,215	85
Bicycle	400	225	170	0
Other method	875	490	375	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	68,910	36,010	29,470	945
Less than 15 minutes	30,165	16,015	12,520	410
15 to 29 minutes	27,515	13,990	12,190	410
30 to 44 minutes	7,710	4,015	3,410	80
45 to 59 minutes	1,765	1,010	645	25
60 minutes and over	1,755	970	695	20
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	68,910	36,010	29,465	945
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,980	1,705	1,100	35
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,200	4,775	4,070	90
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	25,105	12,145	12,055	330
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,720	7,430	6,470	230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,295	3,475	2,210	90
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,610	6,470	3,560	170
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	144,290	76,760	59,775	2,075
Non-movers	123,525	65,560	52,510	1,740
Movers	20,765	11,200	7,265	335
Non-migrants	11,930	6,780	4,185	185
Migrants	8,830	4,420	3,075	150
Internal migrants	7,420	4,250	2,800	150
Intraprovincial migrants	5,045	2,740	2,110	105
Interprovincial migrants	2,380	1,510	690	45
External migrants	1,410	165	280	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	138,340	73,480	57,490	1,900
Non-movers	85,485	45,710	37,125	1,055
Movers	52,860	27,770	20,360	845
Non-migrants	27,900	15,520	11,025	480
Migrants	24,955	12,250	9,335	370
Internal migrants	21,205	11,690	8,635	350
Intraprovincial migrants	14,230	6,990	6,795	230
Interprovincial migrants	6,980	4,695	1,840	120
External migrants	3,750	555	705	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Westmorland

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.