Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in York
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Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981) Mother tongue (4)
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 1 English French English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data 97,975 84,305 6,660 670
0 to 14 years 16,110 13,960 960 170
0 to 4 years 5,180 4,530 320 55
5 to 9 years 5,445 4,730 315 50
10 to 14 years 5,490 4,700 325 65
15 to 64 years 65,605 55,845 4,720 445
15 to 19 years 5,820 5,005 245 65
20 to 24 years 6,975 6,025 355 75
25 to 29 years 6,100 5,310 360 50
30 to 34 years 6,245 5,220 550 65
35 to 39 years 6,265 5,130 600 25
40 to 44 years 6,505 5,550 370 50
45 to 49 years 6,610 5,310 540 20
50 to 54 years 7,395 6,305 625 35
55 to 59 years 7,085 6,165 600 30
60 to 64 years 6,610 5,820 480 30
65 years and over 16,265 14,500 975 55
65 to 69 years 5,945 5,285 395 25
70 to 74 years 4,185 3,780 235 15
75 to 79 years 2,780 2,415 180 10
80 to 84 years 1,865 1,675 105 0
85 years and over 1,495 1,345 55 10
85 to 89 years 1,005 890 50 10
90 to 94 years 400 370 10 0
95 to 99 years 90 80 0 0
100 years and over 10 10 0 0
Average age 40.7 40.9 42.0 31.6
Median age 41.2 41.4 43.8 28.2
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 2 81,865 70,340 5,695 505
Married or living common law 49,900 42,265 3,890 225
Married 41,325 34,750 3,070 180
Living common law 8,575 7,515 825 45
Not married and not living common law 31,965 28,080 1,800 280
Never married 21,195 18,425 1,180 215
Separated 2,400 2,180 130 20
Divorced 4,495 4,000 285 15
Widowed 3,875 3,480 205 25
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 3 81,865 70,340 5,695 505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 77,750 67,290 5,550 480
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 43,084 42,777 51,750 40,139
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($) 34,388 33,981 48,097 34,041
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 77,775 67,310 5,555 480
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 35,886 35,680 42,187 33,731
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($) 30,884 30,523 40,826 31,503
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 70,545 61,035 5,230 465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 41,572 41,060 50,079 37,690
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($) 32,085 31,443 45,607 29,995
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 54,080 47,485 3,315 310
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 7,711 7,840 7,671 6,120
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($) 6,393 6,643 6,325 3,519
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data 57,525 49,765 4,370 410
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 40,925 40,396 49,765 38,120
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($) 32,134 31,297 47,305 32,531
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample dataFootnote 4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)Footnote 5 87.5 87.1 91.1 90.0
Employment income (%)Footnote 6 70.3 69.8 75.7 81.1
Government transfers (%)Footnote 7 12.4 12.9 8.8 9.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 8 81,865 70,345 5,695 505
Without total income 4,120 3,055 145 25
With total income 77,750 67,290 5,550 475
Percentage with total income 95.0 95.7 97.5 94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss) 10,575 8,795 430 100
$10,000 to $19,999 12,975 11,475 665 70
$20,000 to $29,999 11,105 9,960 530 50
$30,000 to $39,999 9,685 8,625 615 45
$40,000 to $49,999 8,385 7,310 685 40
$50,000 to $59,999 6,490 5,445 740 45
$60,000 to $69,999 4,960 4,200 540 45
$70,000 to $79,999 4,035 3,435 425 20
$80,000 to $89,999 2,735 2,245 330 20
$90,000 to $99,999 1,760 1,505 150 20
$100,000 and over 5,035 4,300 440 10
$100,000 to $149,999 3,630 3,125 345 10
$150,000 and over 1,405 1,180 95 0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 9 81,870 70,340 5,695 505
Without after-tax income 4,090 3,030 145 20
With after-tax income 77,775 67,310 5,555 480
Percentage with after-tax income 95.0 95.7 97.5 95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss) 11,040 9,215 450 95
$10,000 to $19,999 13,695 12,125 700 75
$20,000 to $29,999 13,125 11,775 665 60
$30,000 to $39,999 12,025 10,570 900 50
$40,000 to $49,999 9,490 8,070 995 80
$50,000 to $59,999 6,495 5,475 680 45
$60,000 to $69,999 4,750 4,005 545 30
$70,000 to $79,999 2,625 2,200 250 35
$80,000 and over 4,535 3,875 370 0
$80,000 to $89,999 1,580 1,345 160 0
$90,000 to $99,999 950 845 65 0
$100,000 and over 2,005 1,685 145 0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 10 81,865 70,340 5,695 505
Without employment income 24,340 20,580 1,325 90
With employment income 57,530 49,765 4,375 410
Percentage with employment income 70.3 70.7 76.8 81.2
Under $5,000 (including loss) 7,340 6,375 395 45
$5,000 to $9,999 4,705 4,070 240 40
$10,000 to $19,999 8,015 7,080 405 65
$20,000 to $29,999 7,290 6,560 360 40
$30,000 to $39,999 6,125 5,435 390 45
$40,000 to $49,999 5,900 5,005 595 25
$50,000 to $59,999 4,340 3,630 450 40
$60,000 to $69,999 3,450 2,830 420 40
$70,000 to $79,999 3,055 2,595 350 20
$80,000 and over 7,315 6,185 760 50
$80,000 to $89,999 2,110 1,715 295 30
$90,000 to $99,999 1,405 1,185 155 15
$100,000 and over 3,800 3,285 310 0
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 11 81,865 70,345 5,695 505
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 12 29,350 25,380 2,615 180
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 13 49,997 48,947 58,883 55,808
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)Footnote 14 58,190 57,519 63,507 56,321
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 15 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
English only 76,345 71,175 230 80
French only 330 0 310 10
English and French 20,620 13,120 6,115 585
Neither English nor French 680 10 0 0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 16 97,975 84,300 6,660 675
English 89,050 83,655 2,865 515
French 3,730 110 3,475 85
Non-official language 3,715 175 20 0
Aboriginal 15 10 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 3,700 165 25 0
English and French 455 105 265 70
English and non-official language 955 255 0 0
French and non-official language 30 0 15 0
English, French and non-official language 40 0 25 0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 17 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
None 89,195 81,645 3,505 350
English 3,180 165 1,735 60
French 3,605 2,000 1,355 230
Non-official language 1,875 460 55 15
Aboriginal 170 125 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 1,705 340 55 15
English and French 10 0 0 0
English and non-official language 20 10 0 0
French and non-official language 85 25 10 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample DataFootnote 18 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
English 90,365 84,300 235 515
French 6,605 0 6,430 85
English and French 330 0 0 75
Neither English nor French 675 0 0 0
Official language minority (number)Footnote 19 6,770 0 6,425 120
Official language minority (percentage)Footnote 20 6.9 0.0 96.5 17.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 21 97,975 84,300 6,655 670
Official languages 97,295 84,290 6,660 670
English 96,965 84,295 6,345 665
French 20,950 13,120 6,425 590
Non-official languages 8,730 2,125 330 60
Aboriginal languages 340 255 0 0
Non-Aboriginal languages 8,400 1,880 330 60
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 22 97,980 84,300 6,660 670
Aboriginal identityFootnote 23 4,265 3,945 195 25
Single Aboriginal responsesFootnote 24 4,110 3,800 185 25
First Nations (North American Indian)Footnote 25 3,215 3,045 55 10
Métis 840 695 125 15
Inuk (Inuit) 60 60 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal responsesFootnote 26 55 50 0 0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 27 100 95 10 0
Non-Aboriginal identity 93,715 80,355 6,465 645
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 28 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 29 2,785 2,620 50 15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 95,190 81,680 6,610 655
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 30 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 31 1,860 1,715 55 0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 32 1,845 1,710 45 0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestryFootnote 33 1,760 1,645 30 0
Métis single ancestry 85 60 15 0
Inuit single ancestry 0 10 0 0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)Footnote 34 15 0 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries 15 0 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries 0 0 0 0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 35 4,650 4,110 475 45
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 36 4,520 4,005 455 45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries 3,490 3,180 280 25
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 890 710 165 20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 130 120 10 0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestriesFootnote 37 130 105 25 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries 100 80 20 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 25 25 0 0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 0 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)Footnote 38 91,470 78,470 6,130 625
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 39 97,975 84,300 6,655 675
Canadian citizensFootnote 40 93,195 82,920 6,575 670
Canadian citizens only 91,280 81,750 6,465 635
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country 1,915 1,175 105 30
Not Canadian citizensFootnote 41 4,780 1,380 85 0
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 42 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
Non-immigrantsFootnote 43 88,775 81,035 6,385 655
ImmigrantsFootnote 44 8,210 2,955 260 20
Before 1981 2,240 1,485 90 0
1981 to 1990 615 260 30 0
1991 to 2000 805 275 15 0
2001 to 2010 1,905 560 75 10
2001 to 2005 640 165 55 0
2006 to 2010 1,270 390 25 10
2011 to 2016Footnote 45 2,650 385 40 0
Non-permanent residentsFootnote 46 990 315 10 0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 47 8,215 2,955 255 15
Under 5 years 1,095 660 80 0
5 to 14 years 1,735 655 60 0
15 to 24 years 1,425 530 40 0
25 to 44 years 3,255 925 75 0
45 years and over 690 185 0 0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 48 8,215 2,955 260 15
Americas 1,475 1,140 95 0
Brazil 15 0 0 0
Colombia 30 0 0 0
El Salvador 70 0 0 0
Guyana 20 20 0 0
Haiti 10 0 10 0
Jamaica 25 25 0 0
Mexico 20 0 0 0
Peru 0 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 30 30 0 0
United StatesFootnote 49 1,085 1,005 60 0
Other places of birth in Americas 170 50 30 0
Europe 2,470 1,270 80 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 65 0 0 0
Croatia 10 0 0 0
France 80 15 60 0
Germany 325 95 0 0
Greece 15 0 0 0
Hungary 25 0 0 0
IrelandFootnote 50 35 35 0 0
Italy 20 10 0 0
Netherlands 265 15 0 0
Poland 55 0 10 0
Portugal 35 15 0 0
Romania 25 0 0 0
Russian Federation 60 0 0 0
SerbiaFootnote 51 15 0 0 0
Ukraine 130 10 0 0
United KingdomFootnote 52 1,065 1,045 0 0
Other places of birth in Europe 240 30 10 0
Africa 590 145 70 10
Algeria 10 0 0 0
Egypt 45 10 15 0
Ethiopia 45 0 0 0
Kenya 20 15 0 0
Morocco 20 0 10 0
Nigeria 70 55 0 10
Somalia 0 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 15 10 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 365 50 35 0
Asia 3,595 330 10 0
Afghanistan 10 0 0 0
Bangladesh 60 10 0 0
ChinaFootnote 53 805 55 0 0
Hong KongFootnote 54 25 0 0 0
India 275 70 0 0
IranFootnote 55 255 0 0 0
Iraq 50 30 0 0
Japan 20 0 10 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 56 410 35 0 0
Lebanon 170 10 0 0
Pakistan 75 10 0 0
Philippines 160 50 0 0
Sri Lanka 25 0 0 0
SyriaFootnote 57 480 15 0 0
Taiwan 30 0 0 0
Viet Nam 255 15 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 510 30 0 0
Oceania and other places of birthFootnote 58 75 65 10 10
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 59 2,650 385 45 0
Americas 150 85 15 0
Brazil 10 0 0 0
Colombia 15 0 0 0
Cuba 0 0 0 0
Haiti 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0
Mexico 10 0 0 0
United StatesFootnote 60 65 55 0 0
VenezuelaFootnote 61 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 50 25 15 0
Europe 255 70 15 0
France 15 0 15 0
Germany 25 0 0 0
IrelandFootnote 62 10 0 0 0
MoldovaFootnote 63 0 0 0 0
Romania 0 0 0 0
Russian Federation 20 0 0 0
Ukraine 55 10 0 0
United KingdomFootnote 64 60 60 0 0
Other places of birth in Europe 75 0 0 0
Africa 260 55 15 0
Algeria 0 0 0 0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 20 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0
Egypt 10 0 0 0
Eritrea 0 0 0 0
Ethiopia 40 10 0 0
Morocco 0 0 0 0
Nigeria 40 20 0 0
Somalia 0 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 150 15 10 0
Asia 1,980 170 0 0
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh 10 0 0 0
ChinaFootnote 65 465 15 0 0
Hong KongFootnote 66 10 0 0 0
India 55 40 0 0
IranFootnote 67 135 0 0 0
Iraq 40 20 0 0
Israel 55 0 0 0
Japan 0 0 0 0
Korea, SouthFootnote 68 135 20 0 0
Lebanon 15 0 0 0
Nepal 45 0 0 0
Pakistan 25 0 0 0
Philippines 125 35 0 0
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0
SyriaFootnote 69 465 15 0 0
Taiwan 0 0 0 0
Turkey 25 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0
Viet Nam 220 10 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 155 0 0 0
Oceania and otherFootnote 70 10 0 0 0
Australia 0 0 0 0
Other places of birthFootnote 71 0 10 0 0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 72 97,975 84,300 6,660 675
First generationFootnote 73 9,850 3,880 305 20
Second generationFootnote 74 8,235 7,210 370 95
Third generation or moreFootnote 75 79,890 73,210 5,985 560
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample dataFootnote 76 6,000 1,480 170 20
Economic immigrantsFootnote 77 3,830 885 110 10
Principal applicantsFootnote 78 1,360 295 30 0
Secondary applicantsFootnote 79 2,470 595 75 10
Immigrants sponsored by familyFootnote 80 1,070 525 30 10
RefugeesFootnote 81 1,080 60 30 0
Other immigrantsFootnote 82 15 10 0 0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 83 97,975 84,300 6,660 670
Total visible minority populationFootnote 84 6,450 1,945 165 30
South AsianFootnote 85 960 290 10 10
Chinese 1,400 230 10 0
Black 1,135 785 100 15
Filipino 205 110 0 0
Latin American 355 55 20 0
Arab 930 195 25 0
Southeast AsianFootnote 86 345 55 0 0
West AsianFootnote 87 340 15 0 0
Korean 430 55 0 0
Japanese 40 15 0 0
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 88 90 45 0 0
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 89 215 95 10 10
Not a visible minorityFootnote 90 91,530 82,360 6,495 640
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 91 97,980 84,300 6,655 670
North American Aboriginal origins 6,510 5,830 535 45
First Nations (North American Indian) 5,400 4,935 345 25
Inuit 160 145 10 10
Métis 1,095 860 210 20
Other North American origins 44,265 39,640 4,160 375
Acadian 2,200 1,180 940 75
American 1,290 1,200 65 25
Canadian 42,375 38,360 3,605 320
New Brunswicker 25 15 15 0
Newfoundlander 95 90 0 0
Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0
Ontarian 0 0 0 0
Québécois 55 10 50 0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 92 10 0 0 0
European origins 66,495 59,745 4,415 530
British Isles origins 55,975 54,315 1,215 340
Channel Islander 10 10 0 0
Cornish 20 15 0 10
English 30,850 30,190 435 170
Irish 25,575 24,715 680 150
Manx 15 15 0 0
Scottish 26,710 26,180 355 150
Welsh 2,765 2,700 40 25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.Footnote 93 2,360 2,285 45 25
French origins 16,870 12,455 3,975 385
Alsatian 0 0 0 0
Breton 0 0 0 0
Corsican 0 0 0 0
French 16,870 12,455 3,975 390
Western European origins (except French origins) 10,130 9,140 245 70
Austrian 190 160 0 10
Bavarian 0 0 0 0
Belgian 220 185 30 0
Dutch 3,830 3,440 50 15
Flemish 10 10 0 0
Frisian 0 10 0 0
German 6,450 5,845 165 65
Luxembourger 0 0 0 0
Swiss 195 175 15 0
Western European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 94 10 0 0 0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins) 1,940 1,825 25 30
Danish 705 650 15 20
Finnish 110 100 0 0
Icelandic 40 45 0 0
Norwegian 625 605 10 0
Swedish 380 355 10 0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 95 165 155 0 0
Eastern European origins 2,675 1,990 90 0
Bulgarian 25 10 0 0
Byelorussian 25 10 0 0
Czech 115 95 0 0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.Footnote 96 35 30 0 0
Estonian 35 25 0 0
Hungarian 285 235 0 0
Latvian 40 30 0 0
Lithuanian 65 55 0 0
Moldovan 10 0 0 0
Polish 875 715 55 0
Romanian 100 65 0 0
Russian 585 270 15 0
Slovak 75 70 0 0
Ukrainian 815 645 15 0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 97 30 30 0 0
Southern European origins 2,575 1,895 160 20
Albanian 75 0 0 0
Bosnian 75 10 0 0
Catalan 0 0 0 0
Croatian 55 25 0 0
Cypriot 0 0 0 0
Greek 200 180 0 0
Italian 1,310 1,105 115 20
Kosovar 0 0 0 0
Macedonian 30 10 0 0
Maltese 15 10 0 0
Montenegrin 15 10 0 0
Portuguese 345 290 10 0
Serbian 55 40 0 0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0
Slovenian 55 45 0 0
Spanish 485 265 40 0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.Footnote 98 30 15 0 0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 99 0 0 0 0
Other European origins 480 350 25 0
Basque 10 0 0 0
Jewish 215 110 10 0
Roma (Gypsy) 0 0 0 0
Slavic, n.o.s.Footnote 100 0 0 0 0
Other European origins, n.i.e.Footnote 101 250 235 15 0
Caribbean origins 280 250 0 15
Antiguan 0 0 0 0
Bahamian 0 0 0 0
Barbadian 0 0 0 0
Bermudan 30 35 0 0
Carib 0 0 0 0
Cuban 10 0 0 0
Dominican 10 0 0 10
Grenadian 10 15 0 0
Guadeloupean 0 0 0 0
Haitian 15 0 10 0
Jamaican 105 100 0 10
Kittitian/Nevisian 0 0 0 0
Martinican 0 0 0 0
Montserratan 0 10 0 0
Puerto Rican 20 20 0 0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 15 20 0 0
Vincentian/Grenadinian 0 0 0 0
West Indian, n.o.s.Footnote 102 20 25 0 0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.Footnote 103 50 45 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins 530 185 20 10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya) 15 0 0 0
Arawak 0 0 0 0
Argentinian 10 0 0 0
Belizean 0 0 0 0
Bolivian 0 0 0 0
Brazilian 10 0 0 0
Chilean 25 15 0 0
Colombian 50 0 10 0
Costa Rican 15 0 0 0
Ecuadorian 15 0 0 0
Guatemalan 45 15 0 10
Guyanese 25 25 0 0
Hispanic 0 0 0 0
Honduran 40 20 20 0
Maya 70 10 0 10
Mexican 130 55 0 0
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0
Panamanian 10 10 0 0
Paraguayan 10 0 0 0
Peruvian 0 0 0 0
Salvadorean 65 15 0 0
Uruguayan 10 0 0 0
Venezuelan 15 0 0 0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.Footnote 104 30 0 0 0
African origins 1,240 695 125 10
Central and West African origins 215 110 35 10
Akan 0 0 0 0
Angolan 0 0 0 0
Ashanti 0 0 0 0
Beninese 0 0 0 0
Burkinabe 0 0 0 0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0
Chadian 0 0 0 0
Congolese 40 0 15 0
Edo 10 0 0 0
Ewe 0 0 0 0
Gabonese 0 0 0 0
Gambian 0 0 0 0
Ghanaian 45 20 10 0
Guinean 25 0 0 0
Ibo 20 20 0 0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0
Liberian 45 15 0 0
Malian 0 0 0 0
Malinké 0 0 0 0
Nigerian 60 45 0 0
Peulh 0 0 0 0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0
Sierra Leonean 0 0 0 0
Togolese 10 0 10 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 25 20 0 0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 105 0 0 0 0
North African origins 240 50 35 0
Algerian 20 0 0 0
Berber 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0
Egyptian 70 25 25 0
Libyan 135 25 0 0
Maure 0 0 0 0
Moroccan 15 0 10 0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0
Tunisian 0 0 0 0
North African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 106 0 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins 275 115 35 0
Afrikaner 0 0 0 0
Amhara 0 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.Footnote 107 0 0 0 0
Burundian 45 0 0 0
Djiboutian 0 0 0 0
Eritrean 0 0 0 0
Ethiopian 65 20 0 0
Harari 0 0 0 0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0
Oromo 30 15 0 0
Rwandan 20 0 10 0
Seychellois 0 0 0 0
Somali 10 10 0 0
South African 45 45 0 0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0
Tigrian 0 0 0 0
Ugandan 10 10 0 0
Zambian 20 10 0 0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0
Zulu 0 0 0 0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 108 30 0 20 0
Other African origins 525 440 25 10
Black, n.o.s.Footnote 109 90 90 0 0
Other African origins, n.i.e.Footnote 110 435 350 20 0
Asian origins 5,750 1,625 95 10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins 2,095 675 60 15
Afghan 10 0 0 0
Arab, n.o.s.Footnote 111 125 45 10 0
Armenian 55 10 10 0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 10 0 0 0
Georgian 10 0 0 0
Hazara 0 0 0 0
Iranian 340 40 10 10
Iraqi 60 40 0 0
Israeli 50 0 0 0
Jordanian 45 0 0 0
Kazakh 10 0 0 0
Kurd 30 0 0 0
Kuwaiti 0 0 0 0
Kyrgyz 0 0 0 0
Lebanese 730 440 50 10
Palestinian 10 10 0 0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0
Saudi Arabian 35 20 0 0
Syrian 530 55 10 0
Tajik 0 0 0 0
Tatar 0 0 0 0
Turk 70 25 0 0
Turkmen 0 0 0 0
Uighur 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 25 0 0 0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.Footnote 112 10 0 0 0
South Asian origins 1,070 385 15 0
Bangladeshi 95 15 0 0
Bengali 15 10 0 0
Bhutanese 35 10 0 0
East Indian 680 310 10 0
Goan 0 0 0 0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0
Nepali 150 0 0 0
Pakistani 80 10 0 0
Punjabi 15 0 0 0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0
Sri Lankan 45 15 0 0
Tamil 25 0 0 0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 113 25 10 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins 2,630 600 20 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0
Chinese 1,550 345 20 0
Filipino 260 130 15 0
Hmong 0 0 0 0
Indonesian 10 0 0 0
Japanese 55 20 0 0
Karen 0 0 0 0
Korean 440 60 0 0
Laotian 0 0 0 0
Malaysian 20 15 0 0
Mongolian 40 20 0 0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0
Taiwanese 25 0 0 0
Thai 30 10 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0
Vietnamese 295 40 0 0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 114 0 0 0 0
Other Asian origins 10 15 0 0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.Footnote 115 15 15 0 0
Oceania origins 140 125 10 10
Australian 75 70 0 10
New Zealander 50 45 10 0
Pacific Islands origins 15 10 0 0
Fijian 0 0 0 0
Hawaiian 10 0 0 0
Maori 0 0 0 0
Samoan 0 0 0 0
Polynesian, n.o.s.Footnote 116 0 10 0 0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.Footnote 117 0 0 0 0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 118 81,865 70,340 5,695 505
No certificate, diploma or degree 11,565 10,155 615 65
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificateFootnote 119 22,625 20,215 1,135 150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 47,675 39,980 3,950 285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 5,810 5,115 470 20
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 120 3,025 2,590 300 15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of QualificationFootnote 121 2,790 2,525 170 0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma 16,430 14,455 1,180 95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 1,365 1,060 150 0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above 24,070 19,355 2,145 165
Bachelor's degree 16,110 13,390 1,400 130
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 1,210 950 155 0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 485 340 25 0
Master's degree 5,010 3,820 495 40
Earned doctorateFootnote 122 1,250 860 60 0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 123 81,865 70,340 5,695 505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 124 34,190 30,365 1,750 215
Education 4,410 3,730 475 55
13. Education 4,415 3,730 475 50
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 1,220 1,000 85 15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 200 180 15 0
50. Visual and performing arts 1,015 820 70 15
Humanities 3,165 2,640 230 35
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics 225 75 70 0
23. English language and literature/letters 785 670 25 0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 780 665 65 10
30A Interdisciplinary humanitiesFootnote 125 20 20 0 0
38. Philosophy and religious studies 215 195 0 0
39. Theology and religious vocations 400 380 0 10
54. History 580 535 30 0
55. French language and literature/letters 155 100 40 10
Social and behavioural sciences and law 5,410 4,580 460 30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 55 35 0 0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 435 375 30 0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 735 590 90 0
22. Legal professions and studies 960 815 115 10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciencesFootnote 126 80 70 10 0
42. Psychology 1,230 1,105 65 0
45. Social sciences 1,915 1,595 140 15
Business, management and public administration 9,380 7,715 965 40
30.16 Accounting and computer science 30 15 0 10
44. Public administration and social service professions 840 650 125 10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 8,510 7,045 835 25
Physical and life sciences and technologies 1,920 1,500 160 15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 865 685 90 0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 385 305 25 10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciencesFootnote 127 30 20 10 0
40. Physical sciences 555 415 40 0
41. Science technologies/technicians 90 80 0 0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 2,410 1,855 245 20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 2,110 1,635 195 20
25. Library science 155 125 25 0
27. Mathematics and statistics 135 90 20 0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciencesFootnote 128 10 0 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 9,300 7,840 635 35
04. Architecture and related services 125 85 15 0
14. Engineering 2,555 1,865 175 0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields 1,780 1,510 165 0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 2,125 1,980 105 10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 2,055 1,835 125 25
48. Precision production 655 570 60 0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 1,095 890 90 0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences 335 235 30 0
03. Natural resources and conservation 760 650 60 0
Health and related fields 6,720 5,925 375 35
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies 670 595 45 0
51. Health professions and related programs 5,875 5,215 325 35
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs 175 115 0 0
Personal, protective and transportation services 2,635 2,305 225 15
12. Personal and culinary services 1,425 1,245 100 10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 30 25 0 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 55 45 10 0
43. Security and protective services 660 575 80 10
49. Transportation and materials moving 470 415 30 0
Other 0 0 0 0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other 10 0 0 0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 129 81,865 70,340 5,695 500
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 34,190 30,360 1,750 220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 130 47,675 39,975 3,945 285
Location of study inside Canada 43,695 38,215 3,845 265
Same as province or territory of residence 33,730 29,645 2,945 200
Different than province or territory of residence 9,970 8,570 900 70
Location of study outside CanadaFootnote 131 3,975 1,765 100 20
United StatesFootnote 132 1,100 985 25 10
Philippines 90 15 0 0
India 170 40 0 0
United KingdomFootnote 133 570 490 0 10
ChinaFootnote 134 410 15 0 0
France 75 0 65 0
Other 1,560 215 10 10
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample dataFootnote 135 81,865 70,345 5,695 505
In the labour force 52,950 45,570 4,025 370
Employed 48,085 41,340 3,790 335
Unemployed 4,865 4,235 235 40
Not in the labour force 28,920 24,770 1,670 130
Participation rate 64.7 64.8 70.7 73.3
Employment rate 58.7 58.8 66.5 66.3
Unemployment rate 9.2 9.3 5.8 10.8
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample dataFootnote 136 81,870 70,345 5,695 505
Did not workFootnote 137 26,230 22,260 1,485 105
Worked 55,635 48,085 4,215 400
Worked full year, full timeFootnote 138 29,950 25,840 2,640 180
Worked part year and/or part timeFootnote 139 25,685 22,245 1,575 220
Average weeks worked in reference year 42.6 42.6 44.3 42.8
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 140 57,090 49,275 4,275 410
a.Management 5,795 4,965 425 30
00 Senior management occupations 760 615 85 10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations 2,160 1,835 245 10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services 2,050 1,785 55 15
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities 825 720 45 0
b.Professional 12,780 10,310 1,270 125
11 Professional occupations in business and finance 1,780 1,445 240 0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences 3,095 2,405 290 15
30 Professional occupations in nursing 1,030 960 45 0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing) 920 765 40 10
40 Professional occupations in education services 3,045 2,365 305 60
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services 2,210 1,795 280 30
51 Professional occupations in art and culture 700 585 70 10
c.Technical and paraprofessional 6,545 5,575 715 45
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences 2,060 1,780 185 15
32 Technical occupations in health 1,120 1,020 55 10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services 1,245 1,005 185 10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services 1,095 870 205 0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 1,020 890 90 10
d.Administration and administrative support 6,875 5,860 720 45
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations 3,110 2,615 400 10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations 490 435 30 0
14 Office support occupations 2,310 1,965 225 20
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations 970 850 75 15
e.Sales 5,830 5,325 195 70
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations 1,240 1,120 50 20
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade 2,540 2,320 95 30
66 Sales support occupations 2,050 1,890 50 15
f.Personal and customer information services 10,250 9,030 475 55
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services 875 805 20 0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations 1,410 1,290 75 10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations 1,680 1,400 70 15
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations 2,805 2,410 190 25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c. 3,480 3,125 125 15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades 3,610 3,255 265 15
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades 2,430 2,210 155 0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades 1,185 1,050 110 10
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction 3,105 2,795 135 15
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers 530 485 30 10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations 1,780 1,580 80 10
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations 795 730 20 0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 1,325 1,230 45 0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production 285 250 10 0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production 510 485 15 0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers 535 500 20 10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 975 920 25 0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators 270 250 10 0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers 260 250 10 0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing 165 155 10 0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities 290 265 10 0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 141 57,090 49,270 4,275 410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 1,150 1,050 45 10
111 - 112 FarmsFootnote 142 675 625 20 0
113 Forestry and logging 290 265 20 0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping 70 50 0 0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry 120 115 0 10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 275 265 10 0
211 Oil and gas extraction 90 85 0 0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas) 45 45 0 0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction 140 135 0 0
22 Utilities 930 795 85 10
221 Utilities 935 795 85 10
23 Construction 3,565 3,215 210 10
236 Construction of buildings 1,080 930 80 0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction 545 510 30 0
238 Specialty trade contractors 1,935 1,780 105 10
31-33 Manufacturing 2,200 1,950 110 10
311 Food manufacturing 295 250 0 0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 85 85 0 0
313 Textile mills 45 45 0 0
314 Textile product mills 20 0 0 0
315 Clothing manufacturing 15 10 0 0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing 15 10 10 0
321 Wood product manufacturing 335 320 0 0
322 Paper manufacturing 395 375 15 0
323 Printing and related support activities 55 35 10 0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing 40 45 0 0
325 Chemical manufacturing 45 35 0 0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 50 50 0 0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 120 110 0 0
331 Primary metal manufacturing 30 30 0 0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 130 85 40 0
333 Machinery manufacturing 105 95 10 0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 70 55 0 0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing 30 30 0 0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 50 45 0 0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing 130 115 10 0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 140 130 0 0
41 Wholesale trade 1,305 1,130 65 10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers 0 0 0 0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 65 60 0 0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers 190 180 0 0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers 50 45 10 0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers 115 90 15 10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers 210 195 15 0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 520 445 10 0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers 100 95 0 0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers 50 20 0 0
44-45 Retail trade 6,860 6,350 225 60
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 885 810 50 15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores 235 210 15 0
443 Electronics and appliance stores 155 120 15 0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 525 505 15 0
445 Food and beverage stores 1,520 1,425 35 10
446 Health and personal care stores 700 665 15 10
447 Gasoline stations 305 265 10 0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores 645 585 15 15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores 245 245 0 0
452 General merchandise stores 1,095 1,010 30 20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers 355 320 15 10
454 Non-store retailers 195 180 0 0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 1,995 1,705 110 0
481 Air transportation 50 45 0 0
482 Rail transportation 10 10 0 0
483 Water transportation 10 10 0 0
484 Truck transportation 730 625 25 0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation 250 225 15 0
486 Pipeline transportation 0 0 0 0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation 0 0 0 0
488 Support activities for transportation 255 220 10 0
491 Postal service 210 165 40 0
492 Couriers and messengers 410 355 15 0
493 Warehousing and storage 60 55 0 0
51 Information and cultural industries 1,460 1,305 90 10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet) 265 235 15 0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries 95 80 15 0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet) 145 130 10 0
517 Telecommunications 590 540 25 10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services 115 105 0 0
519 Other information services 245 215 30 0
52 Finance and insurance 1,545 1,370 70 10
521 Monetary authorities - central bank 0 0 0 0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities 785 695 30 0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities 225 185 15 0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities 515 465 30 0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles 25 20 0 0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 880 790 25 10
531 Real estate 765 685 25 0
532 Rental and leasing services 115 110 0 0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works) 0 0 0 0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 4,280 3,735 275 10
541 Professional, scientific and technical services 4,280 3,735 270 10
55 Management of companies and enterprises 55 50 10 0
551 Management of companies and enterprises 60 50 0 0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 2,530 2,260 150 0
561 Administrative and support services 2,445 2,175 140 10
562 Waste management and remediation services 90 80 10 0
61 Educational services 5,905 4,880 460 65
611 Educational services 5,905 4,880 460 65
62 Health care and social assistance 6,735 6,000 395 35
621 Ambulatory health care services 1,825 1,650 70 10
622 Hospitals 1,975 1,765 125 10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities 1,275 1,175 35 10
624 Social assistance 1,655 1,410 165 10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 990 920 35 0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries 265 250 10 0
712 Heritage institutions 165 150 0 0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries 560 520 20 0
72 Accommodation and food services 4,175 3,560 125 45
721 Accommodation services 865 750 50 0
722 Food services and drinking places 3,305 2,800 75 40
81 Other services (except public administration) 2,555 2,205 180 25
811 Repair and maintenance 610 565 20 0
812 Personal and laundry services 720 625 55 0
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations 1,065 870 100 20
814 Private households 155 150 10 0
91 Public administration 7,700 5,725 1,605 95
911 Federal government public administration 3,040 2,155 745 45
912 Provincial and territorial public administration 3,560 2,575 800 40
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration 1,000 895 60 15
914 Aboriginal public administration 95 90 0 0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration 0 0 0 0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample dataFootnote 143 48,085 41,340 3,790 335
Worked at home 2,965 2,550 220 10
Worked outside Canada 210 95 10 10
No fixed workplace address 4,415 3,955 240 15
Worked at usual place 40,495 34,740 3,325 305
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample dataFootnote 144 57,090 49,270 4,275 410
English 54,880 48,715 3,100 290
French 985 170 745 35
Non-official language 230 25 0 0
Aboriginal 0 0 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 220 25 0 0
English and French 895 345 425 85
English and non-official language 95 10 0 0
French and non-official language 0 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language 10 0 0 0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample DataFootnote 145 57,090 49,275 4,275 410
None 50,445 45,980 1,635 255
English 810 165 545 25
French 5,390 3,010 2,090 125
Non-official language 420 100 0 0
Aboriginal 50 35 0 0
Non-Aboriginal 375 60 0 0
English and French 0 0 0 0
English and non-official language 0 0 0 0
French and non-official language 10 15 0 0
English, French and non-official language 0 0 0 0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data 40,495 34,740 3,325 305
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 23,200 19,370 1,970 190
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 13,025 11,675 1,010 70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 3,705 3,235 300 40
Commute to a different province or territory 565 465 40 0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 146 44,910 38,695 3,565 325
Car, truck, van - as a driver 36,220 31,345 2,990 250
Car, truck, van - as a passenger 3,590 3,070 250 20
Public transit 1,295 1,060 60 15
Walked 2,845 2,400 200 30
Bicycle 425 360 30 10
Other method 535 465 30 0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 147 44,915 38,695 3,565 320
Less than 15 minutes 18,310 15,680 1,395 140
15 to 29 minutes 18,150 15,450 1,710 125
30 to 44 minutes 5,475 4,930 290 40
45 to 59 minutes 1,585 1,410 100 15
60 minutes and over 1,395 1,225 75 10
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample dataFootnote 148 44,915 38,695 3,565 325
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 1,660 1,530 65 10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 5,950 5,345 420 30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 17,045 14,515 1,815 100
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 10,495 8,740 910 80
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 4,145 3,565 135 40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 5,615 5,000 215 55
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 149 96,960 83,390 6,615 660
Non-movers 82,270 71,620 5,710 570
Movers 14,690 11,765 900 85
Non-migrants 8,470 7,175 440 65
Migrants 6,215 4,590 460 25
Internal migrants 4,945 4,345 440 25
Intraprovincial migrants 3,130 2,735 295 15
Interprovincial migrants 1,815 1,605 140 0
External migrants 1,275 250 25 0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample dataFootnote 150 92,795 79,765 6,340 615
Non-movers 57,325 50,785 3,905 375
Movers 35,475 28,985 2,435 240
Non-migrants 17,790 15,705 1,035 155
Migrants 17,685 13,280 1,400 85
Internal migrants 14,545 12,575 1,330 85
Intraprovincial migrants 9,275 8,120 880 50
Interprovincial migrants 5,275 4,455 445 35
External migrants 3,140 705 75 0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

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