Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Westmount, V

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	19,785	10,565	4,325	530
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	19,785	10,565	4,330	530
0 to 14 years	3,030	1,655	640	190
0 to 4 years	790	450	150	80
5 to 9 years	1,060	565	240	60
10 to 14 years	1,180	640	250	50
15 to 64 years	11,985	5,950	2,850	305
15 to 19 years	1,420	780	340	65
20 to 24 years	1,340	780	320	55
25 to 29 years	1,005	580	195	35
30 to 34 years	840	350	165	35
35 to 39 years	965	420	195	45
40 to 44 years	1,140	440	295	25
45 to 49 years	1,200	525	275	15
50 to 54 years	1,370	700	385	10
55 to 59 years	1,460	700	390	0
60 to 64 years	1,245	665	290	25
65 years and over	4,770	2,955	835	35
65 to 69 years	1,350	810	235	10
70 to 74 years	1,150	725	245	15
75 to 79 years	805	530	105	0
80 to 84 years	730	475	115	0
85 years and over	730	420	130	10
85 to 89 years	455	275	85	0
90 to 94 years	215	115	30	0
95 to 99 years	50	25	10	0
100 years and over	10	0	10	0
Average age	44.1	44.9	43.0	25.6
Median age	45.4	47.5	45.2	20.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	16,750	8,910	3,685	335
Married or living common law	9,395	4,740	2,100	150
Married	8,185	4,200	1,645	120
Living common law	1,210	535	455	30
Not married and not living common law	7,365	4,170	1,590	190
Never married	5,030	2,925	1,115	160
Separated	300	115	80	10
Divorced	1,070	565	225	20
Widowed	955	560	170	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	16,755	8,910	3,685	340
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,775	8,465	3,445	290
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	162,473	175,283	216,676	77,049
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,235	56,492	57,539	38,659
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	15,790	8,465	3,455	290
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	107,739	117,835	138,194	56,409
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,573	46,977	46,491	33,489
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	14,755	8,135	3,265	270
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	167,733	176,442	223,457	78,131
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,896	52,776	56,561	37,954
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,890	5,865	2,230	215
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,041	8,386	7,578	7,401
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,170	7,983	4,106	2,090
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,855	5,855	2,545	240
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	143,077	143,502	207,100	72,194
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,917	37,612	47,205	33,129
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	96.6	96.7	97.7	92.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	60.6	56.6	70.6	77.5
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	3.4	3.3	2.3	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	16,750	8,910	3,690	340
Without total income	980	440	240	50
With total income	15,775	8,465	3,450	295
Percentage with total income	94.2	95.0	93.5	86.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,350	1,145	480	60
$10,000 to $19,999	1,890	885	420	55
$20,000 to $29,999	1,400	680	275	25
$30,000 to $39,999	1,085	605	225	15
$40,000 to $49,999	1,015	555	165	10
$50,000 to $59,999	875	495	205	25
$60,000 to $69,999	810	475	130	10
$70,000 to $79,999	690	385	155	20
$80,000 to $89,999	580	325	120	10
$90,000 to $99,999	445	250	100	15
$100,000 and over	4,630	2,670	1,175	50
$100,000 to $149,999	1,520	840	345	25
$150,000 and over	3,110	1,835	830	25
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	16,755	8,905	3,690	340
Without after-tax income	965	440	235	45
With after-tax income	15,790	8,465	3,455	295
Percentage with after-tax income	94.2	95.1	93.6	86.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,555	1,245	535	65
$10,000 to $19,999	1,945	935	405	55
$20,000 to $29,999	1,550	760	320	20
$30,000 to $39,999	1,480	775	290	25
$40,000 to $49,999	1,280	705	280	30
$50,000 to $59,999	1,030	605	190	20
$60,000 to $69,999	910	475	190	10
$70,000 to $79,999	615	385	125	25
$80,000 and over	4,420	2,570	1,120	40
$80,000 to $89,999	595	295	130	10
$90,000 to $99,999	410	275	75	0
$100,000 and over	3,415	2,005	915	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	16,750	8,910	3,685	340
Without employment income	5,900	3,050	1,140	100
With employment income	10,855	5,855	2,545	235
Percentage with employment income	64.8	65.7	69.1	69.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,905	1,080	415	40
$5,000 to $9,999	860	500	155	20
$10,000 to $19,999	1,155	575	280	35
$20,000 to $29,999	900	495	175	20
$30,000 to $39,999	705	365	155	30
$40,000 to $49,999	620	355	125	0
$50,000 to $59,999	520	265	130	20
$60,000 to $69,999	410	250	60	0
$70,000 to $79,999	365	170	85	15
$80,000 and over	3,430	1,800	970	60
$80,000 to $89,999	365	165	110	0
$90,000 to $99,999	265	145	65	20
$100,000 and over	2,795	1,495	800	35
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	16,750	8,910	3,685	340
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	4,115	2,160	965	115
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	81,519	88,161	93,312	70,254
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	225,693	225,367	347,948	114,986
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	19,780	10,565	4,325	530
English only	3,920	2,655	10	0
French only	525	0	345	0
English and French	15,170	7,910	3,975	515
Neither English nor French	165	0	0	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	19,780	10,565	4,330	530
English	13,030	10,205	845	290
French	3,580	125	3,170	60
Non-official language	2,175	70	45	25
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,175	70	45	20
English and French	455	90	180	140
English and non-official language	295	55	0	15
French and non-official language	140	0	50	0
English, French and non-official language	105	15	40	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	19,780	10,565	4,330	530
None	13,550	8,695	2,415	230
English	1,975	155	1,150	55
French	2,420	1,370	555	170
Non-official language	1,295	315	135	0
Aboriginal	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,290	315	135	10
English and French	200	0	15	15
English and non-official language	80	0	50	10
French and non-official language	240	30	20	40
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	19,780	10,565	4,330	530
English	13,460	10,565	10	305
French	4,840	0	4,320	60
English and French	1,320	0	0	160
Neither English nor French	160	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	14,120	10,565	10	385
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	71.4	100.0	0.2	72.6
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	19,780	10,565	4,330	530
Official languages	19,615	10,565	4,325	525
English	19,090	10,565	3,985	525
French	15,690	7,910	4,315	520
Non-official languages	7,665	1,835	1,345	190
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,655	1,835	1,350	190
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	19,785	10,565	4,325	530
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	25	10	15	0
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	25	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	10	0	0	0
Métis	20	0	10	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	19,760	10,555	4,315	525
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	19,780	10,565	4,325	530
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	10	0	0	10
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,775	10,565	4,330	525
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	19,785	10,565	4,325	530
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	10	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	10	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	10	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	190	90	85	15
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	185	90	80	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	80	15
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	19,585	10,475	4,235	515
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	19,780	10,565	4,325	530
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	17,190	10,005	3,865	505
Canadian citizens only	14,965	9,010	3,370	430
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	2,225	995	490	75
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	2,595	565	470	25
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	19,780	10,565	4,325	530
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	13,370	8,910	3,235	425
Immigrants^Footnote 44	5,265	1,345	840	95
Before 1981	1,955	785	240	15
1981 to 1990	540	115	125	15
1991 to 2000	675	145	85	25
2001 to 2010	1,025	200	195	10
2001 to 2005	455	95	70	0
2006 to 2010	575	100	125	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	1,070	100	200	30
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	1,150	305	255	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	5,265	1,345	840	95
Under 5 years	565	240	95	10
5 to 14 years	920	205	200	30
15 to 24 years	995	265	170	10
25 to 44 years	2,255	545	290	35
45 years and over	525	90	85	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	5,265	1,345	840	100
Americas	905	470	35	10
Brazil	25	0	0	0
Colombia	35	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	10	0	0
Haiti	15	10	10	0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0
Mexico	80	0	0	0
Peru	50	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	20	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	445	405	15	0
Other places of birth in Americas	215	20	10	0
Europe	2,010	545	420	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0
Croatia	40	0	0	0
France	425	10	370	15
Germany	120	25	0	0
Greece	50	0	0	0
Hungary	60	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	30	30	0	0
Italy	155	10	10	0
Netherlands	30	0	0	0
Poland	70	10	0	0
Portugal	15	0	0	0
Romania	90	15	0	0
Russian Federation	105	10	0	15
Serbia^Footnote 51	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	35	0	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	420	410	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	350	25	45	10
Africa	390	55	200	15
Algeria	35	0	35	0
Egypt	145	25	30	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	10	0	0
Morocco	150	0	105	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	15	30	0
Asia	1,940	260	190	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	405	60	20	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	25	0	0	0
India	115	40	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	245	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Japan	25	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	165	0	0	0
Lebanon	240	35	70	10
Pakistan	30	10	0	0
Philippines	75	35	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	180	10	55	10
Taiwan	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	85	10	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	315	50	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	15	15	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	1,075	100	200	25
Americas	220	50	0	0
Brazil	15	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	0	0
Cuba	15	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Mexico	35	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	55	50	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	0	0	0
Europe	230	15	135	10
France	150	0	135	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	15	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	0	0	0
Africa	90	0	35	10
Algeria	20	0	25	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	40	0	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0
Asia	525	25	30	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	210	15	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	15	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	50	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	95	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	25	10	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	0	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	10	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	19,785	10,565	4,325	530
First generation^Footnote 73	6,810	1,925	1,170	115
Second generation^Footnote 74	4,935	3,305	750	205
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	8,040	5,340	2,405	210
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	3,365	570	610	80
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	2,510	335	535	55
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	1,020	125	210	15
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	1,490	215	325	35
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	635	230	50	20
Refugees^Footnote 81	195	0	20	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	30	0	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	19,785	10,565	4,330	530
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	3,560	940	450	60
South Asian^Footnote 85	340	160	15	0
Chinese	765	200	55	10
Black	355	210	125	0
Filipino	140	80	0	0
Latin American	285	10	15	10
Arab	535	75	130	20
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	255	40	85	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	285	15	10	10
Korean	420	35	0	0
Japanese	70	30	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	25	20	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	100	70	10	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	16,225	9,625	3,875	470
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	19,785	10,565	4,330	530
North American Aboriginal origins	195	85	90	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	180	70	85	15
Inuit	0	0	10	0
Métis	20	10	10	0
Other North American origins	5,365	3,170	1,915	205
Acadian	20	0	15	0
American	615	545	55	0
Canadian	4,850	2,825	1,780	185
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	10	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	25	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0
Québécois	135	10	110	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	13,855	8,700	2,750	405
British Isles origins	5,685	4,860	550	200
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	2,865	2,540	230	65
Irish	2,615	2,220	290	95
Manx	15	10	0	10
Scottish	2,355	2,120	160	65
Welsh	270	250	15	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	715	635	15	35
French origins	3,600	1,230	2,110	215
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	10	0	10	0
Corsican	15	0	10	10
French	3,570	1,225	2,100	205
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,295	1,510	335	95
Austrian	400	335	10	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	285	110	125	35
Dutch	320	215	50	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	1,400	960	160	45
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	140	75	40	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	450	330	40	30
Danish	65	35	10	0
Finnish	65	50	10	10
Icelandic	50	30	0	0
Norwegian	145	100	20	10
Swedish	140	130	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	25	15	0	10
Eastern European origins	4,490	3,380	245	115
Bulgarian	70	15	0	0
Byelorussian	35	15	0	0
Czech	225	125	35	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	70	55	0	10
Estonian	25	10	0	0
Hungarian	550	340	70	10
Latvian	70	45	0	0
Lithuanian	295	255	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	0	0
Polish	1,685	1,435	100	15
Romanian	700	570	20	20
Russian	1,890	1,595	45	45
Slovak	55	50	0	0
Ukrainian	450	355	10	25
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	75	70	0	10
Southern European origins	2,540	1,070	405	115
Albanian	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0
Catalan	15	0	0	0
Croatian	65	30	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	325	155	25	20
Italian	1,510	700	230	85
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0
Maltese	30	10	20	0
Montenegrin	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	145	60	40	0
Serbian	55	10	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	20	10	0	0
Spanish	475	170	95	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	40	10	20	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	885	650	105	20
Basque	25	0	10	0
Jewish	750	565	80	20
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	125	90	20	0
Caribbean origins	270	155	90	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	40	15	0	0
Dominican	0	0	10	0
Grenadian	15	15	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	100	25	75	0
Jamaican	65	60	10	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	40	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	10	10	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	645	120	55	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	0	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	15	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	15	0	0
Brazilian	85	0	0	0
Chilean	70	15	10	0
Colombian	85	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0
Mexican	140	40	10	0
Nicaraguan	20	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	110	15	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	70	20	10	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	20	10	10	10
African origins	995	355	400	80
Central and West African origins	50	15	35	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	10	0	10	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0
North African origins	820	230	365	80
Algerian	110	25	85	0
Berber	30	0	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	215	70	30	35
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	445	145	205	60
Sudanese	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	50	0	45	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	10	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins	75	70	0	0
Afrikaner	10	15	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0
South African	20	20	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	60	50	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	15	15	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	40	35	10	0
Asian origins	3,990	1,240	570	120
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,920	625	370	105
Afghan	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	75	25	0	10
Armenian	100	50	15	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Georgian	55	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	390	90	25	10
Iraqi	170	140	15	0
Israeli	90	65	15	15
Jordanian	15	10	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	10	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	620	230	180	30
Palestinian	110	10	30	15
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	310	75	95	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	140	35	10	30
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins	395	225	20	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	15	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	320	185	20	0
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	25	15	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	20	15	0	0
Tamil	25	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,750	440	195	15
Burmese	10	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0
Chinese	855	235	85	0
Filipino	140	80	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0
Japanese	100	30	10	10
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	425	40	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	10	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	250	40	90	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	45	35	0	0
Australian	40	30	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	16,755	8,905	3,690	340
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,035	525	280	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	2,345	1,365	415	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,380	7,015	2,985	260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	375	125	85	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	270	100	60	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	105	20	20	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	2,335	1,175	595	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	525	185	165	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,150	5,535	2,150	145
Bachelor's degree	4,850	2,790	960	85
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	955	480	235	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	730	330	165	10
Master's degree	2,910	1,570	705	20
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	705	365	90	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	16,755	8,910	3,690	335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	3,375	1,890	700	80
Education	710	455	110	0
13. Education	715	460	110	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	895	465	205	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	30	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	850	435	195	30
Humanities	1,470	875	315	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	240	80	75	0
23. English language and literature/letters	320	185	30	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	450	310	110	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	80	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10	0
54. History	195	160	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	140	40	70	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,745	1,585	600	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	35	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	140	45	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	115	75	25	10
22. Legal professions and studies	785	355	265	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	15	10	10	0
42. Psychology	475	300	105	10
45. Social sciences	1,085	680	145	25
Business, management and public administration	3,270	1,700	840	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	120	25	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,105	1,580	815	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	725	415	140	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	155	55	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	125	50	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	20	10	10	0
40. Physical sciences	210	125	35	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	425	180	105	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	100	70	10
25. Library science	65	45	10	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	40	30	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,365	505	295	30
04. Architecture and related services	315	145	100	0
14. Engineering	840	270	140	25
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	90	40	25	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	35	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	10	10	0
48. Precision production	50	20	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50	25	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	30	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10	0
Health and related fields	1,575	785	340	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	55	35	15	0
51. Health professions and related programs	1,190	620	210	15
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	330	125	110	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	145	30	35	15
12. Personal and culinary services	95	25	15	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	0	10	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	0	15	0
Other	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	16,755	8,910	3,690	340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,375	1,890	705	80
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	13,380	7,020	2,990	260
Location of study inside Canada	9,735	5,685	2,390	195
Same as province or territory of residence	8,315	4,615	2,220	175
Different than province or territory of residence	1,415	1,075	170	25
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	3,645	1,330	600	65
United States^Footnote 132	1,085	760	100	25
Philippines	50	30	0	0
India	45	10	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	505	375	55	10
China^Footnote 134	185	15	0	0
France	395	30	320	0
Other	1,375	110	125	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	16,755	8,905	3,685	335
In the labour force	9,755	5,160	2,275	210
Employed	9,170	4,920	2,160	195
Unemployed	585	240	110	10
Not in the labour force	7,000	3,750	1,415	130
Participation rate	58.2	57.9	61.7	62.7
Employment rate	54.7	55.2	58.6	58.2
Unemployment rate	6.0	4.7	4.8	4.8
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	16,750	8,910	3,690	335
Did not work^Footnote 137	6,145	3,255	1,205	115
Worked	10,610	5,655	2,480	220
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	4,400	2,305	1,000	115
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	6,210	3,345	1,480	105
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.4	40.5	42.0
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	10,955	5,825	2,545	235
a.Management	2,030	1,035	530	70
00 Senior management occupations	770	390	245	25
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	655	335	155	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	405	205	80	15
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	200	100	45	15
b.Professional	4,610	2,530	1,070	65
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	915	550	225	15
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	650	265	180	15
30 Professional occupations in nursing	85	40	25	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	765	380	170	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	755	415	135	0
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	970	580	245	15
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	470	295	90	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	1,065	605	220	20
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	185	95	30	10
32 Technical occupations in health	80	35	15	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	160	100	10	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	10	0	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	625	380	155	10
d.Administration and administrative support	1,175	610	285	20
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	670	340	170	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	60	30	0	0
14 Office support occupations	385	200	100	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	60	35	10	0
e.Sales	915	550	175	20
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	295	180	50	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	470	290	90	15
66 Sales support occupations	145	80	35	0
f.Personal and customer information services	920	395	205	35
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	35	10	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	115	40	30	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	120	50	20	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	370	175	80	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	280	120	55	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	90	40	20	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	70	35	10	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	20	0	10	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	80	35	0	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	25	15	0	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	30	10	10	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	25	15	0	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	20	25	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	0	0	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	0	0	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	25	25	0	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	50	10	25	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	15	10	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	10	10	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	10	0	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	20	0	10	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	10,950	5,820	2,540	235
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	10	0	10	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	10	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	10	0	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	20	0	20	0
221 Utilities	20	0	20	0
23 Construction	210	105	45	10
236 Construction of buildings	105	45	20	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	25	0	20	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	80	50	10	0
31-33 Manufacturing	590	280	145	15
311 Food manufacturing	60	25	20	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	15	10	10	0
313 Textile mills	15	10	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	30	15	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	10	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	15	10	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	40	30	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	95	40	50	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	10	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	10	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	10	10	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	50	15	10	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	20	20	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	40	0	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	50	35	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	90	30	25	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	20	10	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	10	0	10	0
41 Wholesale trade	535	305	125	20
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	50	35	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	245	150	60	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	25	10	10	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	55	35	15	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	60	25	25	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	70	45	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	15	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	845	510	145	30
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	25	20	0	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	45	25	10	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	10	0	10	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	25	10	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	115	50	25	10
446 Health and personal care stores	45	15	20	0
447 Gasoline stations	10	0	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	345	210	50	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	80	65	10	0
452 General merchandise stores	20	20	0	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	75	60	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	60	40	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	170	70	60	0
481 Air transportation	55	20	20	0
482 Rail transportation	20	15	0	0
483 Water transportation	10	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	10	0	0	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	25	10	10	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	25	15	0	0
491 Postal service	10	0	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	0	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	20	10	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	355	190	85	10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	95	35	35	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	105	70	15	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	45	25	10	0
517 Telecommunications	70	15	20	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	10	10	0	0
519 Other information services	30	20	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	850	460	230	20
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	275	130	90	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	415	255	85	20
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	160	75	55	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	500	265	110	10
531 Real estate	490	260	105	0
532 Rental and leasing services	10	10	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,120	1,170	560	40
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,125	1,165	560	35
55 Management of companies and enterprises	90	40	20	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	90	40	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	340	135	80	10
561 Administrative and support services	340	135	80	15
562 Waste management and remediation services	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	1,165	660	220	10
611 Educational services	1,160	665	220	10
62 Health care and social assistance	1,385	665	315	20
621 Ambulatory health care services	630	305	135	15
622 Hospitals	525	255	110	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	80	20	40	0
624 Social assistance	150	80	25	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	470	295	125	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	250	155	80	0
712 Heritage institutions	35	30	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	185	105	50	10
72 Accommodation and food services	530	270	105	15
721 Accommodation services	120	65	35	0
722 Food services and drinking places	410	205	70	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	420	240	75	10
811 Repair and maintenance	25	10	10	0
812 Personal and laundry services	125	65	30	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	200	135	35	0
814 Private households	70	35	0	0
91 Public administration	320	160	70	0
911 Federal government public administration	155	65	50	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	20	0	10	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	100	70	15	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	45	20	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	9,170	4,920	2,160	200
Worked at home	1,545	880	330	25
Worked outside Canada	130	50	45	0
No fixed workplace address	485	270	110	10
Worked at usual place	7,015	3,715	1,675	165
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	10,950	5,825	2,540	235
English	6,835	4,720	715	100
French	2,525	555	1,490	50
Non-official language	140	10	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	145	0	0	0
English and French	1,330	540	330	85
English and non-official language	60	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	10	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	10,955	5,825	2,545	235
None	4,925	2,850	840	125
English	1,945	450	1,085	45
French	3,710	2,475	565	50
Non-official language	245	20	30	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	235	20	35	10
English and French	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	65	10	20	0
French and non-official language	50	15	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	7,015	3,720	1,675	165
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,145	670	235	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,430	2,870	1,285	130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	330	115	135	10
Commute to a different province or territory	100	60	20	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	7,495	3,990	1,790	170
Car, truck, van - as a driver	3,755	1,975	930	70
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	345	185	85	0
Public transit	1,625	755	430	70
Walked	1,375	820	255	25
Bicycle	290	190	65	0
Other method	105	65	30	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	7,495	3,990	1,790	165
Less than 15 minutes	1,845	1,055	420	15
15 to 29 minutes	3,200	1,735	785	85
30 to 44 minutes	1,810	875	425	55
45 to 59 minutes	430	235	105	10
60 minutes and over	205	85	50	10
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	7,500	3,985	1,790	170
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	65	30	15	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	360	195	95	20
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,040	1,010	500	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,780	1,435	740	60
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,580	900	290	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	675	420	145	25
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	19,625	10,480	4,285	515
Non-movers	16,620	9,300	3,530	455
Movers	3,005	1,185	760	60
Non-migrants	1,785	790	445	50
Migrants	1,225	395	310	0
Internal migrants	580	235	170	10
Intraprovincial migrants	350	135	135	10
Interprovincial migrants	230	100	35	0
External migrants	645	160	145	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	18,990	10,115	4,175	450
Non-movers	10,955	6,490	2,245	265
Movers	8,035	3,625	1,930	180
Non-migrants	4,290	2,440	900	125
Migrants	3,745	1,180	1,025	60
Internal migrants	1,545	710	480	50
Intraprovincial migrants	1,080	440	375	40
Interprovincial migrants	460	275	100	0
External migrants	2,205	470	545	10

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Westmount, V

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.8%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.