Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Gatineau, V

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
0 to 14 years	50,505	5,885	38,645	1,660
0 to 4 years	17,190	2,120	13,045	670
5 to 9 years	17,815	1,880	13,915	590
10 to 14 years	15,505	1,885	11,685	400
15 to 64 years	186,215	21,370	139,020	3,055
15 to 19 years	15,740	1,705	12,180	315
20 to 24 years	18,100	2,045	13,905	460
25 to 29 years	18,050	2,560	12,925	490
30 to 34 years	18,785	2,520	13,190	400
35 to 39 years	19,635	2,425	13,760	285
40 to 44 years	18,510	2,175	12,845	275
45 to 49 years	18,525	2,010	13,290	250
50 to 54 years	21,520	2,170	16,800	230
55 to 59 years	20,710	2,010	16,585	235
60 to 64 years	16,645	1,745	13,540	120
65 years and over	35,125	3,435	28,935	370
65 to 69 years	13,555	1,375	11,145	140
70 to 74 years	9,395	880	7,805	95
75 to 79 years	6,045	565	4,915	85
80 to 84 years	3,605	375	2,960	20
85 years and over	2,525	245	2,110	30
85 to 89 years	1,810	175	1,530	15
90 to 94 years	600	60	485	15
95 to 99 years	95	10	70	0
100 years and over	25	0	25	0
Average age	38.6	37.2	39.2	29.0
Median age	38.8	36.3	39.5	26.0
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	221,345	24,805	167,950	3,430
Married or living common law	122,135	13,445	91,330	1,575
Married	78,955	9,290	54,825	925
Living common law	43,180	4,155	36,505	650
Not married and not living common law	99,205	11,355	76,620	1,850
Never married	68,335	7,955	52,745	1,450
Separated	4,545	615	3,160	65
Divorced	16,845	1,845	13,185	220
Widowed	9,485	940	7,530	115
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	221,340	24,805	167,950	3,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	212,810	23,685	161,955	3,275
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,990	44,902	47,540	37,913
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,961	38,160	40,656	31,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	212,865	23,685	162,005	3,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,414	36,641	38,470	31,687
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,843	33,090	34,913	27,962
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	191,750	21,190	147,115	2,840
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,357	43,952	45,596	36,853
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,692	36,816	38,025	30,035
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	156,610	17,115	117,915	2,555
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,184	7,703	8,410	7,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,533	5,594	7,035	4,402
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	159,325	18,115	120,625	2,510
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,154	43,797	45,218	36,790
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,361	37,140	38,740	29,633
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	86.9	87.6	87.1	84.3
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	71.9	74.6	70.8	74.4
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	13.1	12.4	12.9	15.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	221,340	24,805	167,955	3,430
Without total income	8,535	1,125	5,995	150
With total income	212,805	23,680	161,955	3,275
Percentage with total income	96.1	95.5	96.4	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,450	3,065	16,535	550
$10,000 to $19,999	32,730	3,700	24,040	595
$20,000 to $29,999	27,325	2,935	20,555	465
$30,000 to $39,999	24,495	2,625	18,615	365
$40,000 to $49,999	23,410	2,465	18,395	345
$50,000 to $59,999	20,615	2,230	16,255	250
$60,000 to $69,999	16,835	2,000	13,245	225
$70,000 to $79,999	12,865	1,245	10,440	175
$80,000 to $89,999	9,280	1,045	7,225	115
$90,000 to $99,999	6,625	805	5,205	60
$100,000 and over	14,185	1,570	11,460	125
$100,000 to $149,999	11,390	1,300	9,110	115
$150,000 and over	2,795	265	2,350	15
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	221,340	24,805	167,950	3,425
Without after-tax income	8,475	1,120	5,945	150
With after-tax income	212,870	23,685	162,005	3,275
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	95.5	96.5	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,600	3,190	17,515	560
$10,000 to $19,999	34,600	3,935	25,440	640
$20,000 to $29,999	33,355	3,585	25,275	530
$30,000 to $39,999	33,320	3,440	25,895	525
$40,000 to $49,999	29,435	3,220	23,110	355
$50,000 to $59,999	22,015	2,470	17,310	335
$60,000 to $69,999	14,465	1,535	11,480	160
$70,000 to $79,999	9,090	1,130	7,070	90
$80,000 and over	10,985	1,180	8,915	85
$80,000 to $89,999	4,800	565	3,865	30
$90,000 to $99,999	2,335	250	1,845	25
$100,000 and over	3,855	370	3,205	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	221,340	24,805	167,950	3,430
Without employment income	62,020	6,685	47,325	915
With employment income	159,325	18,115	120,625	2,510
Percentage with employment income	72.0	73.0	71.8	73.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	17,035	1,930	12,885	310
$5,000 to $9,999	11,595	1,325	8,490	245
$10,000 to $19,999	21,330	2,470	15,485	400
$20,000 to $29,999	17,700	1,985	12,830	315
$30,000 to $39,999	16,345	1,885	12,140	280
$40,000 to $49,999	15,125	1,700	11,605	220
$50,000 to $59,999	14,625	1,620	11,290	220
$60,000 to $69,999	12,615	1,475	9,900	165
$70,000 to $79,999	9,750	945	7,770	140
$80,000 and over	23,205	2,780	18,225	230
$80,000 to $89,999	7,500	920	5,760	80
$90,000 to $99,999	5,210	680	4,035	50
$100,000 and over	10,490	1,185	8,430	100
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	221,340	24,800	167,950	3,425
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	78,260	9,535	59,615	1,135
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	56,138	56,078	56,988	52,793
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	60,499	59,465	61,592	53,899
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,085
English only	19,115	12,990	150	100
French only	76,720	100	70,085	135
English and French	174,255	17,585	136,325	4,845
Neither English nor French	1,750	15	40	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	271,845	30,685	206,600	5,090
English	37,860	25,890	6,510	1,180
French	207,145	3,405	194,945	1,870
Non-official language	15,230	270	850	170
Aboriginal	165	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	15,060	270	850	170
English and French	5,180	690	2,550	1,565
English and non-official language	1,450	350	30	10
French and non-official language	3,690	15	1,380	35
English, French and non-official language	1,285	65	325	260
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	271,850	30,690	206,595	5,085
None	206,565	21,705	167,980	3,095
English	36,095	2,235	29,945	1,105
French	15,830	5,890	4,945	645
Non-official language	10,130	645	2,930	85
Aboriginal	125	60	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	10,010	585	2,925	85
English and French	1,290	10	90	60
English and non-official language	1,255	20	645	50
French and non-official language	675	175	60	45
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
English	40,355	30,590	145	1,210
French	221,030	95	206,450	1,930
English and French	8,775	0	0	1,950
Neither English nor French	1,695	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	44,740	30,590	150	2,185
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	16.5	99.7	0.1	42.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
Official languages	270,095	30,675	206,555	5,080
English	193,375	30,575	136,475	4,950
French	250,980	17,685	206,405	4,980
Non-official languages	48,460	3,105	15,415	990
Aboriginal languages	460	110	25	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	48,020	3,005	15,390	980
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	271,850	30,685	206,600	5,090
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	10,420	1,970	7,780	345
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	9,880	1,875	7,355	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	4,565	1,010	3,085	155
Métis	5,235	825	4,240	175
Inuk (Inuit)	85	45	25	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	180	50	130	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	360	50	300	15
Non-Aboriginal identity	261,430	28,715	198,820	4,740
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	271,850	30,690	206,595	5,090
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	2,475	610	1,465	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	269,375	30,075	205,130	5,005
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	5,070	540	4,255	65
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	4,950	520	4,170	45
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	3,895	360	3,280	40
Métis single ancestry	1,010	130	875	0
Inuit single ancestry	45	30	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	120	20	80	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	120	20	75	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	17,340	2,620	14,000	595
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	16,960	2,540	13,725	580
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	13,455	1,830	11,085	430
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,370	665	2,565	135
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	35	75	10
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	380	85	275	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	55	270	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	10	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	249,440	27,530	188,345	4,425
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	271,850	30,685	206,600	5,090
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	260,430	29,695	203,335	4,945
Canadian citizens only	249,405	28,965	199,535	4,680
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	11,025	725	3,800	265
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	11,415	995	3,260	145
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	271,850	30,685	206,600	5,085
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	236,015	28,085	197,465	4,730
Immigrants^Footnote 44	33,865	2,440	8,460	320
Before 1981	4,525	750	1,185	40
1981 to 1990	3,540	345	515	25
1991 to 2000	6,635	350	1,540	65
2001 to 2010	11,630	480	2,990	70
2001 to 2005	5,270	140	1,310	20
2006 to 2010	6,355	345	1,675	55
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	7,540	510	2,230	120
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	1,975	165	675	35
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	33,860	2,440	8,455	325
Under 5 years	3,890	420	1,660	55
5 to 14 years	5,650	535	1,545	75
15 to 24 years	6,445	500	1,480	70
25 to 44 years	15,780	840	3,445	125
45 years and over	2,100	145	330	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	33,860	2,435	8,460	320
Americas	7,240	900	1,320	30
Brazil	285	0	0	0
Colombia	1,430	10	70	0
El Salvador	410	10	0	0
Guyana	20	20	0	0
Haiti	2,030	0	965	10
Jamaica	145	140	0	0
Mexico	470	15	20	0
Peru	345	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	80	80	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	750	485	200	10
Other places of birth in Americas	1,275	130	60	10
Europe	8,265	630	2,385	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	720	10	10	10
Croatia	205	0	20	0
France	1,850	20	1,760	10
Germany	260	45	25	0
Greece	55	0	0	0
Hungary	45	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	60	55	0	0
Italy	185	10	15	0
Netherlands	130	20	0	0
Poland	270	10	10	0
Portugal	1,360	10	35	0
Romania	870	0	30	0
Russian Federation	280	0	75	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	185	10	10	0
Ukraine	205	10	25	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	435	405	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,160	30	355	0
Africa	10,755	460	3,990	150
Algeria	1,175	10	360	10
Egypt	330	10	55	15
Ethiopia	110	10	0	0
Kenya	85	45	0	10
Morocco	1,515	20	305	20
Nigeria	115	60	0	0
Somalia	95	0	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	35	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	7,275	280	3,250	90
Asia	7,540	395	765	105
Afghanistan	115	0	0	0
Bangladesh	40	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	1,355	25	205	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	65	0	0	0
India	110	35	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	465	0	10	0
Iraq	315	10	15	0
Japan	40	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	150	0	20	0
Lebanon	2,425	110	330	60
Pakistan	135	0	0	0
Philippines	360	90	25	0
Sri Lanka	60	10	10	10
Syria^Footnote 57	485	10	10	20
Taiwan	40	0	20	0
Viet Nam	350	15	45	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,030	80	80	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	60	55	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	7,535	505	2,230	120
Americas	1,445	185	180	10
Brazil	60	0	0	0
Colombia	325	0	10	0
Cuba	90	10	0	0
Haiti	470	0	155	10
Jamaica	30	25	0	0
Mexico	75	10	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	170	130	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	15	0	0
Europe	1,060	60	505	10
France	350	10	330	10
Germany	15	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	25	25	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	40	0	0	0
Romania	120	0	15	0
Russian Federation	70	0	30	0
Ukraine	60	0	20	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	35	20	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	355	15	110	0
Africa	3,585	140	1,465	60
Algeria	255	0	65	10
Cameroon	425	40	345	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	360	10	130	0
Côte d'Ivoire	255	0	220	0
Egypt	65	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0
Morocco	310	0	50	10
Nigeria	60	30	0	0
Somalia	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0
Tunisia	105	0	20	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,715	60	625	15
Asia	1,435	115	85	30
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	270	15	25	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	25	10	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	100	10	0	10
Iraq	80	10	0	0
Israel	15	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	35	10	0	0
Lebanon	215	25	35	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	50	0	10	0
Philippines	95	20	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	315	10	0	20
Taiwan	10	0	0	0
Turkey	15	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	15	10	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	10	0	0
Australia	10	10	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	271,850	30,690	206,600	5,090
First generation^Footnote 73	37,280	2,920	10,010	425
Second generation^Footnote 74	25,770	5,885	13,550	1,280
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	208,795	21,880	183,035	3,385
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	29,635	1,745	7,335	285
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	13,715	640	4,075	170
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	6,205	230	1,785	50
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	7,515	410	2,290	125
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	7,965	830	1,865	55
Refugees^Footnote 81	7,665	235	1,325	55
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	290	40	70	10
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	271,845	30,690	206,600	5,090
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	36,765	3,690	13,075	780
South Asian^Footnote 85	955	295	165	40
Chinese	2,405	190	440	35
Black	16,675	1,830	9,240	395
Filipino	525	185	75	25
Latin American	4,170	95	335	15
Arab	8,305	450	2,005	200
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	1,280	145	320	20
West Asian^Footnote 87	870	30	45	15
Korean	290	45	85	0
Japanese	125	35	40	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	410	190	90	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	745	200	240	35
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	235,085	27,000	193,525	4,310
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	271,850	30,690	206,595	5,085
North American Aboriginal origins	22,410	3,165	18,255	660
First Nations (North American Indian)	17,840	2,295	14,720	510
Inuit	220	95	100	15
Métis	4,840	880	3,790	175
Other North American origins	161,905	13,200	145,450	2,590
Acadian	1,245	95	1,085	60
American	1,385	520	775	70
Canadian	156,740	12,675	141,050	2,400
New Brunswicker	20	0	20	0
Newfoundlander	15	15	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	245	25	210	10
Québécois	4,725	115	4,490	85
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	0	0	0	0
European origins	120,385	21,670	86,365	3,130
British Isles origins	42,255	16,915	23,185	1,920
Channel Islander	10	0	15	0
Cornish	10	10	0	10
English	14,300	7,730	5,680	800
Irish	25,570	9,050	15,500	935
Manx	0	0	0	0
Scottish	12,680	6,655	5,305	645
Welsh	635	510	80	45
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	1,655	1,095	450	100
French origins	80,775	8,020	70,085	2,080
Alsatian	55	0	45	0
Breton	250	0	245	0
Corsican	30	0	30	0
French	80,630	8,020	69,950	2,080
Western European origins (except French origins)	12,040	4,150	6,445	480
Austrian	420	195	110	35
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,640	130	1,380	40
Dutch	1,695	965	520	45
Flemish	75	25	35	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	8,000	2,950	4,095	350
Luxembourger	50	10	10	15
Swiss	760	105	560	20
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	10	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,450	845	465	80
Danish	320	190	95	10
Finnish	215	155	35	10
Icelandic	80	40	35	10
Norwegian	460	220	195	45
Swedish	385	260	100	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	80	40	30	0
Eastern European origins	7,645	2,575	2,040	270
Bulgarian	295	20	55	0
Byelorussian	120	15	0	0
Czech	155	50	45	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	15	0	20	0
Estonian	10	10	0	0
Hungarian	680	180	245	30
Latvian	75	35	0	0
Lithuanian	70	35	25	0
Moldovan	140	10	15	10
Polish	2,710	1,205	800	135
Romanian	1,380	115	235	10
Russian	1,330	320	420	15
Slovak	170	50	40	10
Ukrainian	1,775	920	335	70
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	10	10	0	0
Southern European origins	14,950	2,265	6,715	445
Albanian	100	15	15	0
Bosnian	395	20	45	15
Catalan	10	0	10	0
Croatian	470	80	85	10
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	780	155	405	25
Italian	5,595	1,260	3,270	225
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	65	15	25	0
Maltese	45	30	15	0
Montenegrin	45	10	0	10
Portuguese	4,505	415	1,645	120
Serbian	945	85	140	30
Sicilian	35	0	30	0
Slovenian	80	35	30	10
Spanish	2,815	275	1,235	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	310	25	105	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	15	0	15	0
Other European origins	815	205	450	20
Basque	95	15	50	0
Jewish	270	85	110	20
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	45	15	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	405	85	290	0
Caribbean origins	5,225	910	2,790	160
Antiguan	10	10	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0
Barbadian	105	50	45	10
Bermudan	0	0	0	0
Carib	30	20	10	10
Cuban	375	30	125	10
Dominican	210	15	75	0
Grenadian	20	20	0	0
Guadeloupean	10	0	10	0
Haitian	3,555	130	2,345	70
Jamaican	645	405	160	60
Kittitian/Nevisian	20	10	10	0
Martinican	20	0	15	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	35	10	15	10
St. Lucian	35	25	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	190	160	15	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	15	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	120	45	65	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	145	50	75	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	5,535	540	1,010	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	280	15	55	10
Arawak	20	15	0	0
Argentinian	130	30	15	10
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	60	0	40	0
Brazilian	270	15	55	0
Chilean	260	10	45	0
Colombian	1,730	40	225	20
Costa Rican	35	15	10	10
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0
Guatemalan	155	0	25	0
Guyanese	95	80	10	0
Hispanic	70	25	0	0
Honduran	60	0	10	0
Maya	95	10	15	0
Mexican	995	95	285	35
Nicaraguan	155	15	50	0
Panamanian	20	0	10	10
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	475	60	55	10
Salvadorean	465	55	75	10
Uruguayan	50	15	15	0
Venezuelan	225	40	40	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	225	15	35	0
African origins	18,170	1,475	9,200	465
Central and West African origins	6,845	500	4,310	175
Akan	25	0	20	0
Angolan	50	10	10	20
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	495	25	385	0
Burkinabe	225	0	180	0
Cameroonian	980	140	700	50
Chadian	75	0	40	0
Congolese	2,025	115	1,230	55
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	55	0	15	0
Gabonese	135	0	130	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	185	85	30	15
Guinean	355	10	230	10
Ibo	10	0	0	0
Ivorian	650	0	585	10
Liberian	0	0	0	0
Malian	400	0	280	0
Malinké	55	0	25	0
Nigerian	275	80	120	10
Peulh	135	0	90	0
Senegalese	520	15	295	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	485	30	230	10
Wolof	30	0	15	0
Yoruba	90	40	30	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	660	20	425	10
North African origins	5,445	260	2,275	140
Algerian	1,240	30	650	35
Berber	910	10	285	15
Coptic	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	645	100	220	40
Libyan	85	15	0	0
Maure	60	0	50	0
Moroccan	2,185	90	925	55
Sudanese	15	10	10	0
Tunisian	495	15	235	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	195	0	85	0
Southern and East African origins	3,805	410	1,385	90
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	15	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	220	10	150	10
Burundian	1,245	50	465	15
Djiboutian	155	10	50	0
Eritrean	45	15	0	0
Ethiopian	175	60	15	10
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	40	0	10
Malagasy	170	0	95	10
Mauritian	40	10	30	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	1,130	45	475	20
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	325	35	70	10
South African	85	60	15	0
Tanzanian	75	30	20	15
Tigrian	20	10	0	0
Ugandan	30	25	0	0
Zambian	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	0	0	10
Zulu	15	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	205	55	55	10
Other African origins	2,695	370	1,545	85
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	260	50	150	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	2,490	320	1,450	75
Asian origins	16,020	2,160	3,790	495
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,475	935	2,350	305
Afghan	165	10	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	1,315	45	305	10
Armenian	250	30	100	15
Assyrian	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	15	0	0
Georgian	20	0	0	0
Hazara	15	0	0	0
Iranian	690	105	60	30
Iraqi	340	15	60	0
Israeli	25	10	15	0
Jordanian	180	35	0	15
Kazakh	10	0	0	0
Kurd	85	10	10	0
Kuwaiti	20	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	10	0	0	10
Lebanese	5,310	595	1,575	220
Palestinian	255	35	35	0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	0	0	0
Syrian	640	45	130	20
Tajik	25	0	0	0
Tatar	15	0	0	0
Turk	315	35	95	15
Turkmen	30	0	0	0
Uighur	15	0	10	0
Uzbek	45	0	10	0
Yemeni	20	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	105	30	30	15
South Asian origins	1,195	465	250	40
Bangladeshi	35	10	0	0
Bengali	15	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	940	415	215	30
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	0
Pakistani	165	50	20	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	85	25	10	0
Tamil	20	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	20	10	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,445	825	1,210	155
Burmese	10	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	355	30	95	0
Chinese	3,085	345	650	50
Filipino	690	285	100	25
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	75	30	30	0
Japanese	180	45	45	25
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	340	70	75	0
Laotian	200	10	70	10
Malaysian	30	10	0	10
Mongolian	45	0	15	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	65	0	20	15
Thai	120	30	25	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	840	90	210	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	25	20	0	0
Other Asian origins	35	0	25	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	40	0	25	0
Oceania origins	165	100	50	10
Australian	120	95	20	0
New Zealander	20	0	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	20	0	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	10	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	20	0	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	221,340	24,805	167,950	3,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	42,610	4,320	33,550	725
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	50,190	6,910	37,880	930
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	128,540	13,575	96,525	1,765
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	27,870	2,060	23,110	455
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	19,440	1,290	16,260	315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	8,425	770	6,850	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	40,145	5,325	30,050	690
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,565	430	5,170	105
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	53,960	5,770	38,195	520
Bachelor's degree	34,140	3,815	24,765	370
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,695	270	2,705	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	880	60	610	10
Master's degree	13,210	1,375	8,925	120
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	2,040	245	1,195	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	221,340	24,800	167,950	3,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	92,800	11,225	71,430	1,660
Education	9,050	630	7,665	50
13. Education	9,050	630	7,665	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,855	500	2,875	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	790	110	605	25
50. Visual and performing arts	3,070	390	2,275	70
Humanities	8,190	990	6,165	115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,920	130	1,435	30
23. English language and literature/letters	420	200	85	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,040	265	2,525	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	70	15	45	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	455	70	315	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	385	50	290	0
54. History	860	225	575	15
55. French language and literature/letters	1,045	40	895	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	17,870	2,580	12,535	230
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	195	50	100	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,320	240	1,790	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,315	270	1,655	40
22. Legal professions and studies	2,845	310	2,065	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	420	50	325	10
42. Psychology	2,535	390	1,945	40
45. Social sciences	7,235	1,265	4,655	70
Business, management and public administration	31,895	2,900	24,030	425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	25	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,835	295	2,155	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,030	2,605	21,845	390
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,315	535	2,880	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,555	205	1,035	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	740	120	465	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	580	30	485	0
40. Physical sciences	1,185	145	705	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	260	30	190	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,490	805	5,360	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	6,045	645	4,320	110
25. Library science	730	70	625	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	640	75	380	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	65	10	30	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,395	2,155	15,165	300
04. Architecture and related services	835	85	550	10
14. Engineering	3,915	400	2,065	55
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,020	505	3,035	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,930	475	5,050	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,640	485	2,780	60
48. Precision production	2,055	215	1,680	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,960	210	1,460	15
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	980	115	710	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	980	95	755	10
Health and related fields	14,520	1,370	11,280	180
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,180	145	920	25
51. Health professions and related programs	13,135	1,205	10,215	160
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	205	25	140	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,970	895	7,100	185
12. Personal and culinary services	5,220	545	4,010	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	0	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	115	20	90	0
43. Security and protective services	2,540	210	2,155	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,050	110	800	40
Other	30	10	15	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	15	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	221,345	24,805	167,950	3,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	92,800	11,220	71,425	1,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	128,540	13,580	96,525	1,765
Location of study inside Canada	117,865	12,695	93,685	1,650
Same as province or territory of residence	77,910	3,795	67,740	905
Different than province or territory of residence	39,955	8,905	25,945	750
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	10,670	885	2,840	115
United States^Footnote 132	930	355	405	15
Philippines	140	40	0	0
India	50	20	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	355	175	90	0
China^Footnote 134	470	0	15	0
France	1,465	15	1,095	0
Other	7,265	285	1,240	90
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	221,340	24,800	167,950	3,425
In the labour force	150,515	17,315	112,590	2,430
Employed	140,255	16,060	105,645	2,215
Unemployed	10,255	1,260	6,945	210
Not in the labour force	70,825	7,490	55,360	995
Participation rate	68.0	69.8	67.0	70.9
Employment rate	63.4	64.8	62.9	64.7
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.3	6.2	8.6
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	221,340	24,805	167,950	3,430
Did not work^Footnote 137	67,995	7,205	52,765	940
Worked	153,345	17,600	115,190	2,490
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	79,945	9,820	60,665	1,160
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	73,400	7,785	54,525	1,330
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.5	43.5	41.2
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	157,750	18,115	118,340	2,595
a.Management	14,810	1,925	11,015	180
00 Senior management occupations	1,705	165	1,400	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	6,810	835	5,345	70
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	4,545	685	3,000	70
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,750	250	1,270	30
b.Professional	36,110	3,765	27,160	455
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	7,535	685	5,855	85
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	6,845	885	4,560	130
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,320	235	1,745	30
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,750	85	1,455	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	7,305	560	5,750	60
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	7,865	985	5,840	90
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	2,480	325	1,960	45
c.Technical and paraprofessional	17,770	1,815	13,640	320
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	4,470	555	3,380	85
32 Technical occupations in health	2,910	220	2,350	35
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	5,675	450	4,215	85
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,640	150	1,390	25
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,080	440	2,305	100
d.Administration and administrative support	24,675	2,865	19,050	410
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	13,720	1,560	10,705	235
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,350	165	975	15
14 Office support occupations	7,300	835	5,615	115
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,305	300	1,760	45
e.Sales	14,780	1,595	11,325	340
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	2,205	265	1,655	60
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	6,155	805	4,595	140
66 Sales support occupations	6,420	525	5,085	140
f.Personal and customer information services	28,110	3,495	19,775	535
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,350	240	1,645	15
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	2,000	265	1,395	35
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	5,150	680	3,400	90
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	9,090	1,130	6,640	230
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	9,520	1,175	6,690	175
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	9,650	1,190	7,615	130
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	6,835	745	5,495	90
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,820	450	2,120	35
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	8,260	1,040	6,015	150
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,445	215	1,085	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	4,540	510	3,245	90
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	2,275	315	1,685	45
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,290	205	950	30
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	240	60	140	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	205	15	155	10
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	840	125	655	15
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,295	230	1,795	30
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	455	50	380	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	870	85	700	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	285	25	195	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	690	70	525	20
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	157,750	18,115	118,345	2,590
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	635	95	450	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	460	85	325	0
113 Forestry and logging	95	0	70	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	75	0	55	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	245	45	180	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	175	20	145	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	60	15	35	10
22 Utilities	695	35	620	0
221 Utilities	700	35	615	0
23 Construction	11,055	1,360	8,535	160
236 Construction of buildings	3,920	400	3,115	70
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	875	145	595	20
238 Specialty trade contractors	6,255	815	4,825	75
31-33 Manufacturing	4,575	490	3,430	95
311 Food manufacturing	615	55	405	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	125	20	95	0
313 Textile mills	50	0	45	0
314 Textile product mills	10	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	50	0	40	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	0	15	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	235	10	210	0
322 Paper manufacturing	885	30	815	15
323 Printing and related support activities	505	70	355	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	20	0	15	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	200	15	170	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	80	0	75	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	240	40	160	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	55	10	40	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	285	30	200	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	170	35	100	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	240	50	110	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	40	10	25	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	175	35	110	15
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	205	25	175	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	375	45	275	10
41 Wholesale trade	2,550	415	1,835	30
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	30	10	20	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	500	50	405	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	220	45	145	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	165	30	125	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	565	70	465	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	690	160	415	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	300	45	220	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	65	10	30	0
44-45 Retail trade	17,985	1,880	13,940	370
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,745	200	1,385	25
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	580	85	450	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	380	70	260	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,475	120	1,235	40
445 Food and beverage stores	4,730	440	3,790	70
446 Health and personal care stores	1,955	150	1,550	45
447 Gasoline stations	390	45	290	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,840	290	1,245	45
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	895	125	700	15
452 General merchandise stores	2,805	220	2,150	90
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	905	90	680	20
454 Non-store retailers	285	45	205	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,460	530	3,110	90
481 Air transportation	100	25	60	10
482 Rail transportation	20	0	15	0
483 Water transportation	60	0	50	0
484 Truck transportation	915	115	675	20
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	1,735	105	1,220	30
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	10	10	10	0
488 Support activities for transportation	475	70	325	10
491 Postal service	740	90	545	20
492 Couriers and messengers	335	100	155	0
493 Warehousing and storage	75	20	55	0
51 Information and cultural industries	3,040	410	2,325	60
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	360	40	290	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	230	30	175	15
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	385	35	325	10
517 Telecommunications	1,240	225	860	20
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	30	10	10	0
519 Other information services	790	80	675	15
52 Finance and insurance	3,860	510	2,685	105
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	250	30	185	10
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	2,165	285	1,460	65
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	360	35	260	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,085	155	780	30
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,025	260	1,535	30
531 Real estate	1,730	235	1,295	15
532 Rental and leasing services	280	25	225	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	0	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,585	1,220	5,110	175
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,590	1,220	5,110	170
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	0	35	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	30	0	35	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,045	1,060	5,600	180
561 Administrative and support services	7,580	1,015	5,215	175
562 Waste management and remediation services	460	45	385	0
61 Educational services	13,095	1,140	10,325	135
611 Educational services	13,095	1,140	10,330	135
62 Health care and social assistance	18,485	1,545	14,265	190
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,920	390	3,145	45
622 Hospitals	6,790	405	5,585	60
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,535	250	1,750	25
624 Social assistance	5,240	490	3,790	65
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,840	535	2,920	85
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	840	175	575	35
712 Heritage institutions	615	80	470	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,390	280	1,880	50
72 Accommodation and food services	11,490	1,620	7,465	290
721 Accommodation services	1,310	160	815	15
722 Food services and drinking places	10,180	1,460	6,650	270
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,665	870	4,865	100
811 Repair and maintenance	1,460	245	1,030	20
812 Personal and laundry services	2,320	255	1,760	35
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	2,570	340	1,910	45
814 Private households	310	35	165	0
91 Public administration	37,395	4,095	29,115	485
911 Federal government public administration	32,045	3,760	24,755	430
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	1,685	45	1,440	15
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	3,370	255	2,840	40
914 Aboriginal public administration	70	10	25	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	230	25	50	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	140,260	16,055	105,645	2,215
Worked at home	6,950	985	4,975	125
Worked outside Canada	260	45	130	0
No fixed workplace address	12,855	1,765	9,180	215
Worked at usual place	120,195	13,260	91,355	1,875
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	157,745	18,115	118,345	2,595
English	49,510	14,520	26,360	750
French	92,160	2,410	81,525	870
Non-official language	555	10	40	0
Aboriginal	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	500	10	40	0
English and French	14,925	1,140	10,305	950
English and non-official language	220	25	15	0
French and non-official language	110	0	25	0
English, French and non-official language	270	10	65	20
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	157,745	18,115	118,345	2,595
None	75,400	10,670	52,480	1,500
English	49,360	1,825	43,360	580
French	31,125	5,480	22,130	480
Non-official language	1,275	110	190	20
Aboriginal	40	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,230	100	180	25
English and French	30	0	0	0
English and non-official language	280	15	120	0
French and non-official language	270	20	60	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	120,195	13,260	91,355	1,875
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	70,745	3,995	59,180	1,010
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,060	265	3,430	65
Commute to a different province or territory	45,385	9,000	28,750	800
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	133,050	15,025	100,540	2,090
Car, truck, van - as a driver	93,350	9,655	72,435	1,310
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	7,980	1,035	5,910	170
Public transit	21,840	3,120	14,775	375
Walked	5,690	590	4,275	165
Bicycle	3,130	500	2,355	40
Other method	1,060	130	785	30
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	133,050	15,025	100,540	2,085
Less than 15 minutes	28,395	1,795	23,635	445
15 to 29 minutes	46,085	4,340	35,940	620
30 to 44 minutes	35,045	4,625	25,445	620
45 to 59 minutes	14,700	2,495	9,995	205
60 minutes and over	8,825	1,765	5,520	200
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	133,045	15,025	100,540	2,090
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,425	1,205	7,305	155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	31,305	3,545	24,485	495
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	41,395	4,430	31,745	525
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	23,535	2,550	17,425	345
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,325	1,315	7,275	160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	17,060	1,985	12,305	405
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	268,630	30,265	204,250	4,965
Non-movers	230,795	24,810	178,485	4,155
Movers	37,830	5,460	25,770	810
Non-migrants	26,300	2,990	19,800	610
Migrants	11,535	2,465	5,970	205
Internal migrants	9,245	2,270	5,220	155
Intraprovincial migrants	5,405	545	4,015	85
Interprovincial migrants	3,845	1,725	1,210	70
External migrants	2,285	195	750	45
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	254,660	28,575	193,560	4,420
Non-movers	152,080	15,300	120,680	2,380
Movers	102,575	13,270	72,875	2,040
Non-migrants	69,620	6,860	54,995	1,420
Migrants	32,960	6,405	17,880	625
Internal migrants	25,115	5,615	15,285	495
Intraprovincial migrants	15,265	1,515	11,625	265
Interprovincial migrants	9,855	4,100	3,655	235
External migrants	7,840	790	2,595	125

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Gatineau, V

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.