Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Durham

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	639,490	529,920	10,095	2,130
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	639,490	529,920	10,095	2,125
0 to 14 years	116,010	105,050	1,115	765
0 to 4 years	35,475	32,065	290	210
5 to 9 years	39,885	36,120	440	250
10 to 14 years	40,650	36,860	385	305
15 to 64 years	435,225	357,435	6,905	1,235
15 to 19 years	42,760	38,505	415	220
20 to 24 years	43,135	38,465	400	150
25 to 29 years	37,440	32,055	390	155
30 to 34 years	39,495	32,005	470	125
35 to 39 years	41,275	32,650	675	125
40 to 44 years	43,395	33,690	815	115
45 to 49 years	46,790	36,400	875	110
50 to 54 years	54,835	44,045	1,145	85
55 to 59 years	48,365	39,320	980	105
60 to 64 years	37,735	30,310	745	45
65 years and over	88,260	67,440	2,070	130
65 to 69 years	31,830	25,260	710	30
70 to 74 years	21,490	16,640	475	40
75 to 79 years	15,775	11,540	330	10
80 to 84 years	10,800	7,790	355	25
85 years and over	8,365	6,215	205	20
85 to 89 years	5,750	4,310	155	10
90 to 94 years	2,170	1,595	45	0
95 to 99 years	405	285	10	10
100 years and over	35	25	10	0
Average age	39.3	38.0	46.7	28.1
Median age	40.0	37.9	49.4	22.9
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,365
Married or living common law	308,425	237,725	6,020	700
Married	265,000	199,035	4,950	565
Living common law	43,430	38,690	1,065	130
Not married and not living common law	215,055	187,150	2,960	670
Never married	145,605	130,195	1,535	525
Separated	16,140	13,650	305	40
Divorced	29,315	25,230	555	65
Widowed	23,990	18,080	565	40
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	523,485	424,875	8,975	1,365
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	496,955	402,370	8,690	1,220
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,018	49,987	55,448	47,460
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,687	38,968	45,776	35,201
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	497,145	402,535	8,705	1,215
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,280	40,955	44,928	39,450
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,892	34,863	40,201	32,728
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	450,320	367,850	8,025	1,135
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,598	49,349	53,685	46,093
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,610	37,655	43,670	30,884
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	349,105	279,790	5,845	905
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,090	7,005	8,762	6,360
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,842	3,771	7,552	2,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	385,990	317,340	6,590	960
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,217	48,605	54,143	45,990
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,660	38,207	47,368	34,977
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.8	90.3	89.4	90.0
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.4	76.7	74.0	76.3
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.2	9.7	10.6	10.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	523,480	424,875	8,980	1,365
Without total income	26,530	22,505	285	150
With total income	496,955	402,370	8,695	1,220
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.7	96.8	89.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	74,015	58,650	950	225
$10,000 to $19,999	77,075	60,605	1,080	180
$20,000 to $29,999	58,270	45,430	925	125
$30,000 to $39,999	50,375	40,470	835	130
$40,000 to $49,999	49,095	40,410	960	155
$50,000 to $59,999	41,525	34,605	780	65
$60,000 to $69,999	32,905	27,440	675	60
$70,000 to $79,999	26,230	21,750	540	50
$80,000 to $89,999	21,235	17,780	450	40
$90,000 to $99,999	18,510	15,540	435	50
$100,000 and over	47,720	39,690	1,060	140
$100,000 to $149,999	34,055	28,215	735	100
$150,000 and over	13,665	11,470	320	40
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,365
Without after-tax income	26,340	22,340	280	150
With after-tax income	497,145	402,535	8,700	1,220
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	94.7	96.9	89.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,090	60,405	1,015	220
$10,000 to $19,999	80,650	63,560	1,120	180
$20,000 to $29,999	68,060	53,475	1,095	160
$30,000 to $39,999	62,445	50,650	1,080	195
$40,000 to $49,999	58,280	48,235	1,155	105
$50,000 to $59,999	44,500	37,125	870	85
$60,000 to $69,999	33,135	27,470	665	55
$70,000 to $79,999	26,625	22,310	675	65
$80,000 and over	47,350	39,295	1,030	140
$80,000 to $89,999	16,815	13,910	320	50
$90,000 to $99,999	10,045	8,315	220	40
$100,000 and over	20,490	17,070	485	45
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,365
Without employment income	137,500	107,535	2,390	405
With employment income	385,990	317,345	6,595	960
Percentage with employment income	73.7	74.7	73.4	70.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	56,135	46,425	975	140
$5,000 to $9,999	29,515	24,530	460	55
$10,000 to $19,999	45,670	36,775	570	115
$20,000 to $29,999	35,560	28,260	390	120
$30,000 to $39,999	34,385	28,025	535	95
$40,000 to $49,999	32,885	27,350	555	100
$50,000 to $59,999	30,805	25,460	510	45
$60,000 to $69,999	25,535	21,045	525	65
$70,000 to $79,999	21,310	17,665	445	40
$80,000 and over	74,190	61,815	1,635	180
$80,000 to $89,999	17,935	14,885	385	40
$90,000 to $99,999	16,400	13,750	370	35
$100,000 and over	39,860	33,185	880	110
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,370
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	191,215	158,050	3,470	415
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	60,089	60,515	69,867	63,071
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	69,517	70,141	76,649	70,977
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	639,490	529,925	10,095	2,130
English only	587,165	499,070	745	435
French only	390	20	285	0
English and French	46,700	30,670	9,060	1,685
Neither English nor French	5,240	165	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	639,490	529,920	10,095	2,130
English	568,885	519,120	6,080	1,290
French	3,615	125	3,115	75
Non-official language	41,210	2,260	105	45
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	41,200	2,255	100	50
English and French	1,570	470	530	515
English and non-official language	23,455	7,730	70	75
French and non-official language	170	10	115	15
English, French and non-official language	590	210	80	110
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	639,495	529,920	10,095	2,125
None	576,605	514,325	5,570	1,540
English	20,930	1,375	1,685	100
French	7,670	4,605	2,405	375
Non-official language	33,355	9,385	310	95
Aboriginal	40	35	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	33,315	9,350	315	95
English and French	150	0	35	0
English and non-official language	295	10	35	0
French and non-official language	490	220	50	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	639,495	529,920	10,095	2,130
English	622,425	529,905	745	1,375
French	9,840	15	9,350	95
English and French	2,155	0	0	660
Neither English nor French	5,070	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	10,920	20	9,355	425
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.7	0.0	92.7	20.0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	639,495	529,920	10,090	2,130
Official languages	634,255	529,760	10,085	2,125
English	633,865	529,740	9,805	2,125
French	47,085	30,690	9,345	1,690
Non-official languages	127,260	32,000	1,440	480
Aboriginal languages	125	100	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	127,135	31,905	1,435	480
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	639,495	529,920	10,095	2,130
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	12,535	11,790	595	100
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	11,930	11,205	580	105
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	7,055	6,810	175	40
Métis	4,625	4,165	405	60
Inuk (Inuit)	250	235	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	275	275	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	325	315	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	626,955	518,130	9,500	2,030
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	639,495	529,920	10,090	2,125
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	3,500	3,305	140	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	635,990	526,620	9,950	2,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	639,495	529,920	10,090	2,130
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	1,715	1,565	110	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	1,665	1,515	110	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	1,125	1,060	50	0
Métis single ancestry	520	445	60	10
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	50	50	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	25	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	18,775	17,730	795	180
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	18,270	17,315	730	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	13,555	13,010	360	115
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,435	4,025	360	50
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	280	275	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	500	420	70	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	485	400	70	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	619,000	510,625	9,190	1,940
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	639,490	529,925	10,090	2,130
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	614,080	518,390	9,810	2,075
Canadian citizens only	588,210	506,370	9,440	1,985
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	25,870	12,025	370	90
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	25,410	11,530	280	55
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	639,490	529,925	10,095	2,130
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	485,560	455,270	8,550	1,825
Immigrants^Footnote 44	150,885	73,555	1,530	300
Before 1981	55,475	35,345	330	65
1981 to 1990	22,730	11,915	135	20
1991 to 2000	31,085	12,155	370	75
2001 to 2010	31,275	10,690	505	110
2001 to 2005	17,425	5,625	275	50
2006 to 2010	13,855	5,065	235	60
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	10,315	3,455	190	35
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	3,050	1,090	10	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	150,880	73,555	1,530	305
Under 5 years	16,920	10,850	140	70
5 to 14 years	31,550	17,315	270	105
15 to 24 years	37,000	18,475	300	45
25 to 44 years	55,445	23,495	750	80
45 years and over	9,970	3,430	70	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	150,885	73,555	1,530	300
Americas	40,065	34,570	255	90
Brazil	445	30	0	0
Colombia	640	20	0	10
El Salvador	515	40	0	0
Guyana	8,100	8,080	10	10
Haiti	245	20	150	10
Jamaica	12,580	12,480	0	20
Mexico	545	40	10	10
Peru	415	20	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	5,990	5,955	0	15
United States^Footnote 49	4,050	3,615	55	15
Other places of birth in Americas	6,540	4,275	25	20
Europe	47,350	24,060	335	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	290	20	0	0
Croatia	585	70	0	0
France	375	80	215	10
Germany	3,090	620	0	0
Greece	1,565	125	0	0
Hungary	890	60	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	1,015	995	0	0
Italy	3,860	405	0	0
Netherlands	2,235	335	10	0
Poland	3,150	215	10	0
Portugal	2,085	140	0	0
Romania	1,590	100	10	15
Russian Federation	645	115	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	490	30	0	0
Ukraine	695	65	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	20,375	19,955	25	15
Other places of birth in Europe	4,385	735	70	10
Africa	8,055	3,245	840	75
Algeria	40	0	20	10
Egypt	1,155	175	50	10
Ethiopia	360	50	0	0
Kenya	590	380	0	0
Morocco	145	15	40	10
Nigeria	955	685	10	0
Somalia	175	25	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	960	830	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	3,670	1,080	720	45
Asia	54,820	11,220	100	80
Afghanistan	3,405	210	10	0
Bangladesh	1,385	255	0	0
China^Footnote 53	4,235	305	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	1,300	140	0	0
India	10,070	3,100	0	15
Iran^Footnote 55	1,055	90	10	0
Iraq	545	50	0	0
Japan	160	20	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	755	85	0	0
Lebanon	1,040	180	50	15
Pakistan	8,025	1,500	0	10
Philippines	9,355	2,330	0	10
Sri Lanka	7,865	1,535	10	10
Syria^Footnote 57	255	25	0	0
Taiwan	290	30	0	0
Viet Nam	955	80	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,125	1,285	15	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	595	455	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	10,320	3,455	190	30
Americas	2,200	1,520	50	10
Brazil	80	0	0	0
Colombia	90	0	0	0
Cuba	40	0	0	0
Haiti	55	0	35	10
Jamaica	590	590	0	0
Mexico	105	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	450	370	10	10
Venezuela^Footnote 61	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	755	560	0	0
Europe	1,075	455	30	0
France	30	0	30	0
Germany	35	15	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	30	30	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	30	0	0	0
Romania	125	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	0	0	0
Ukraine	90	20	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	355	330	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	350	50	0	0
Africa	780	285	95	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	10	15	0
Côte d'Ivoire	20	0	15	0
Egypt	165	40	0	10
Eritrea	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0
Morocco	15	0	0	0
Nigeria	140	105	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	40	0	0
Tunisia	15	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	290	75	35	15
Asia	6,190	1,125	15	0
Afghanistan	245	10	0	0
Bangladesh	160	25	0	0
China^Footnote 65	660	25	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	15	0	0	0
India	1,440	395	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	120	10	0	0
Iraq	65	0	0	0
Israel	25	0	0	0
Japan	25	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	50	0	0	0
Lebanon	95	20	15	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,025	150	0	0
Philippines	1,185	230	0	0
Saudi Arabia	115	15	0	0
Sri Lanka	495	70	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	35	0	0	0
Taiwan	25	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	85	45	0	0
Viet Nam	45	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	245	115	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	75	70	0	0
Australia	55	55	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	15	15	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	639,490	529,920	10,090	2,130
First generation^Footnote 73	156,160	76,545	1,580	305
Second generation^Footnote 74	164,240	142,905	1,345	885
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	319,095	310,470	7,170	940
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	97,585	39,585	1,210	240
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	42,770	17,835	530	145
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	16,525	6,405	270	30
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	26,245	11,425	260	120
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	38,620	18,875	295	55
Refugees^Footnote 81	15,240	2,435	370	40
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	960	445	15	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	639,490	529,925	10,090	2,125
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	173,325	109,310	1,995	840
South Asian^Footnote 85	55,020	27,105	185	140
Chinese	12,105	4,605	45	30
Black	51,380	47,355	1,420	415
Filipino	14,530	7,340	0	85
Latin American	6,140	1,855	15	10
Arab	5,775	1,905	170	55
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	2,390	895	15	10
West Asian^Footnote 87	6,565	1,315	25	10
Korean	1,160	375	0	0
Japanese	1,415	1,150	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	8,375	8,015	55	35
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	8,475	7,395	50	50
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	466,165	420,610	8,100	1,290
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	639,490	529,925	10,090	2,130
North American Aboriginal origins	20,490	19,300	905	185
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,220	14,520	475	130
Inuit	335	320	0	10
Métis	5,490	4,925	490	65
Other North American origins	183,940	176,830	4,530	755
Acadian	760	575	170	15
American	7,075	6,900	65	25
Canadian	178,165	171,420	4,275	730
New Brunswicker	15	15	10	0
Newfoundlander	1,010	1,005	0	0
Nova Scotian	105	100	10	0
Ontarian	110	100	10	0
Québécois	300	205	100	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	25	30	0	0
European origins	416,905	371,415	6,265	1,270
British Isles origins	299,830	296,645	1,545	640
Channel Islander	20	20	0	0
Cornish	20	20	0	0
English	176,060	174,640	675	330
Irish	124,280	122,930	710	325
Manx	145	145	0	0
Scottish	128,285	127,395	405	220
Welsh	12,890	12,770	65	15
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	20,435	20,185	65	40
French origins	53,795	46,755	5,465	815
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	53,780	46,750	5,465	810
Western European origins (except French origins)	79,305	71,000	635	185
Austrian	3,940	3,260	25	20
Bavarian	10	0	0	0
Belgian	1,660	1,400	160	25
Dutch	26,960	24,225	115	35
Flemish	145	140	0	0
Frisian	75	30	0	0
German	50,800	45,805	305	130
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0
Swiss	2,140	1,950	60	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	70	60	10	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	11,830	11,000	65	45
Danish	2,955	2,695	0	0
Finnish	2,620	2,340	35	10
Icelandic	725	685	15	0
Norwegian	2,625	2,515	0	20
Swedish	3,050	2,865	10	20
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	605	590	0	0
Eastern European origins	55,720	43,675	220	150
Bulgarian	535	300	0	0
Byelorussian	270	130	0	0
Czech	1,685	1,305	0	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	580	520	0	0
Estonian	900	710	10	0
Hungarian	6,975	5,200	20	20
Latvian	795	615	0	0
Lithuanian	995	890	0	0
Moldovan	85	40	0	0
Polish	21,475	16,635	110	40
Romanian	3,295	1,665	20	45
Russian	5,725	4,230	35	10
Slovak	1,485	1,160	0	10
Ukrainian	19,130	16,805	70	50
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	160	145	0	0
Southern European origins	78,375	58,030	495	205
Albanian	365	165	10	0
Bosnian	255	110	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	2,140	1,355	30	0
Cypriot	295	175	0	0
Greek	9,345	6,340	35	25
Italian	36,915	29,455	280	120
Kosovar	65	45	0	0
Macedonian	4,595	2,940	0	0
Maltese	3,115	2,810	10	10
Montenegrin	60	15	0	0
Portuguese	14,605	11,160	80	30
Serbian	1,335	660	0	0
Sicilian	355	325	10	0
Slovenian	1,175	790	0	0
Spanish	9,495	5,990	55	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	1,025	855	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	2,980	2,560	40	0
Basque	55	30	0	0
Jewish	1,530	1,335	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	30	15	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	95	45	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,290	1,155	25	0
Caribbean origins	49,295	48,160	395	260
Antiguan	465	470	0	0
Bahamian	225	225	0	0
Barbadian	3,615	3,595	10	20
Bermudan	125	110	0	0
Carib	285	285	10	0
Cuban	640	460	0	15
Dominican	690	570	10	15
Grenadian	1,625	1,620	10	0
Guadeloupean	35	20	0	15
Haitian	655	220	310	75
Jamaican	28,560	28,320	55	90
Kittitian/Nevisian	290	280	10	0
Martinican	45	40	10	0
Montserratan	65	65	0	0
Puerto Rican	90	85	0	0
St. Lucian	705	675	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	7,860	7,775	30	40
Vincentian/Grenadinian	1,465	1,445	0	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	6,720	6,635	15	30
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	1,535	1,500	10	20
Latin, Central and South American origins	17,975	13,515	90	80
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	450	0	15
Arawak	95	80	0	0
Argentinian	285	175	0	15
Belizean	60	60	0	0
Bolivian	80	35	0	0
Brazilian	635	270	10	0
Chilean	620	320	0	0
Colombian	910	280	0	0
Costa Rican	115	40	0	0
Ecuadorian	565	330	0	0
Guatemalan	535	175	0	0
Guyanese	9,190	9,105	15	30
Hispanic	190	110	0	10
Honduran	60	45	0	0
Maya	90	30	10	0
Mexican	1,365	565	20	10
Nicaraguan	260	105	0	0
Panamanian	235	220	0	0
Paraguayan	20	10	0	0
Peruvian	640	295	0	10
Salvadorean	665	280	10	0
Uruguayan	100	65	0	0
Venezuelan	775	560	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	630	420	0	0
African origins	19,695	14,460	1,265	300
Central and West African origins	3,820	2,275	735	75
Akan	20	15	0	0
Angolan	55	15	35	0
Ashanti	30	10	0	0
Beninese	30	20	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	235	80	125	0
Chadian	10	0	0	0
Congolese	630	45	475	20
Edo	45	35	0	0
Ewe	15	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	35	15	0	0
Ghanaian	1,005	740	0	10
Guinean	60	20	25	15
Ibo	95	65	0	0
Ivorian	70	0	55	10
Liberian	20	15	0	0
Malian	15	10	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,235	1,060	15	15
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	10	0
Sierra Leonean	50	20	20	0
Togolese	40	20	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	215	140	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	260	155	35	20
North African origins	2,780	1,255	150	95
Algerian	70	35	15	15
Berber	20	15	0	0
Coptic	145	70	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	1,985	855	65	70
Libyan	115	45	0	0
Maure	20	15	0	0
Moroccan	300	145	60	10
Sudanese	95	40	0	0
Tunisian	60	45	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	90	50	10	0
Southern and East African origins	3,895	2,485	180	65
Afrikaner	10	15	0	0
Amhara	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	35	10	0	0
Burundian	75	0	65	0
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0
Eritrean	125	60	0	0
Ethiopian	625	315	0	0
Harari	15	0	0	0
Kenyan	215	150	0	0
Malagasy	20	0	20	0
Mauritian	150	75	55	0
Oromo	35	15	0	0
Rwandan	65	10	15	15
Seychellois	50	40	0	0
Somali	545	285	0	30
South African	1,165	1,075	0	0
Tanzanian	135	70	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	105	70	0	0
Zambian	80	55	0	10
Zimbabwean	200	100	0	0
Zulu	20	10	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	415	250	30	10
Other African origins	9,490	8,585	230	95
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	1,585	1,505	20	15
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	8,035	7,185	220	90
Asian origins	113,445	57,925	450	430
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	16,950	6,470	170	105
Afghan	5,740	1,275	10	10
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	1,345	715	20	0
Armenian	1,060	550	15	0
Assyrian	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	25	15	0	0
Georgian	20	10	0	0
Hazara	55	15	0	0
Iranian	2,035	725	10	25
Iraqi	625	200	0	0
Israeli	365	260	10	0
Jordanian	210	105	0	0
Kazakh	15	15	0	0
Kurd	120	10	0	10
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	20	15	0	0
Lebanese	2,785	1,555	90	75
Palestinian	1,245	460	10	0
Pashtun	90	0	10	0
Saudi Arabian	160	30	0	0
Syrian	845	515	10	0
Tajik	135	40	0	0
Tatar	35	20	0	0
Turk	885	375	20	10
Turkmen	15	0	0	0
Uighur	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	90	50	0	0
Yemeni	25	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	440	175	0	0
South Asian origins	60,185	32,800	205	200
Bangladeshi	1,060	280	0	0
Bengali	450	160	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	38,460	24,940	170	125
Goan	275	265	0	0
Gujarati	205	40	0	0
Kashmiri	95	40	0	0
Nepali	75	30	0	0
Pakistani	8,115	2,810	0	15
Punjabi	960	375	15	10
Sinhalese	280	145	0	15
Sri Lankan	9,565	3,650	25	35
Tamil	3,140	1,005	10	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	3,095	1,165	10	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	39,125	21,025	105	165
Burmese	220	185	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	220	140	0	0
Chinese	18,560	10,010	70	75
Filipino	16,265	8,800	15	95
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	530	330	0	10
Japanese	1,910	1,520	0	10
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,270	470	0	0
Laotian	165	120	0	0
Malaysian	420	265	0	10
Mongolian	225	85	10	10
Singaporean	55	55	0	0
Taiwanese	215	105	0	0
Thai	275	130	0	0
Tibetan	125	55	0	0
Vietnamese	1,570	630	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	175	65	0	0
Other Asian origins	515	210	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	515	210	0	0
Oceania origins	1,160	1,120	0	0
Australian	795	795	0	0
New Zealander	210	215	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	175	140	0	0
Fijian	120	90	0	0
Hawaiian	30	25	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	20	20	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	84,835	68,625	1,465	210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	156,585	132,975	2,040	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	282,065	223,275	5,465	790
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	34,375	27,970	815	55
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	15,760	12,440	395	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	18,615	15,530	420	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	131,710	111,770	2,395	310
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,470	7,630	250	20
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	105,505	75,910	2,005	405
Bachelor's degree	77,465	57,780	1,340	300
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,400	5,155	210	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,115	1,150	40	0
Master's degree	16,865	10,820	375	90
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	1,660	1,005	35	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	523,485	424,875	8,975	1,365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	241,425	201,595	3,515	585
Education	16,255	13,360	515	30
13. Education	16,260	13,360	510	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,865	9,135	180	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,395	2,145	35	0
50. Visual and performing arts	8,475	6,990	145	25
Humanities	13,475	10,365	300	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	960	425	70	15
23. English language and literature/letters	3,620	2,995	45	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,750	2,645	75	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	95	90	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	805	605	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,350	1,145	20	0
54. History	2,350	2,055	30	10
55. French language and literature/letters	550	405	55	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	37,325	30,925	600	155
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	375	270	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,240	3,725	70	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,300	6,015	100	20
22. Legal professions and studies	7,060	6,050	130	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	695	610	10	10
42. Psychology	5,525	4,660	75	35
45. Social sciences	12,125	9,600	215	55
Business, management and public administration	61,935	48,055	1,280	210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	120	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,225	4,590	85	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	56,545	43,345	1,200	190
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,470	6,515	195	40
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,925	2,905	75	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,500	1,775	35	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	150	90	10	0
40. Physical sciences	2,335	1,330	60	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	565	420	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,350	8,515	200	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,325	7,050	165	10
25. Library science	420	340	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,425	990	35	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	175	130	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	57,580	44,095	1,195	115
04. Architecture and related services	1,770	1,325	25	0
14. Engineering	11,035	5,510	205	40
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,505	10,865	240	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	12,495	10,820	305	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,535	10,455	315	10
48. Precision production	6,245	5,115	110	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,920	3,200	65	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,835	40	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,565	1,370	25	10
Health and related fields	40,630	33,520	635	110
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,450	4,060	55	10
51. Health professions and related programs	35,675	29,195	570	100
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	505	270	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,210	15,555	310	20
12. Personal and culinary services	8,540	6,905	155	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	15	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	35	0	0
43. Security and protective services	7,115	6,530	90	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,490	2,070	55	10
Other	45	45	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	45	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	523,480	424,875	8,980	1,365
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,420	201,600	3,510	580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	282,065	223,280	5,465	790
Location of study inside Canada	238,330	204,370	4,865	710
Same as province or territory of residence	225,430	194,295	3,590	580
Different than province or territory of residence	12,900	10,080	1,275	130
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	43,735	18,910	605	80
United States^Footnote 132	6,470	5,100	105	20
Philippines	4,225	910	0	0
India	4,840	1,350	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	6,380	5,700	35	0
China^Footnote 134	1,530	45	0	0
France	245	15	120	10
Other	20,045	5,785	325	45
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,370
In the labour force	352,750	290,060	5,780	890
Employed	324,375	266,180	5,475	805
Unemployed	28,380	23,880	310	85
Not in the labour force	170,730	134,820	3,200	475
Participation rate	67.4	68.3	64.4	65.0
Employment rate	62.0	62.6	61.0	58.8
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.2	5.4	9.6
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	523,485	424,875	8,980	1,365
Did not work^Footnote 137	163,425	128,110	3,040	440
Worked	360,055	296,765	5,940	930
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	195,635	161,600	3,555	430
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	164,420	135,165	2,385	495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.3	44.3	41.2
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	371,125	305,755	6,100	975
a.Management	42,050	34,010	755	150
00 Senior management occupations	3,705	3,165	70	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	15,990	13,000	355	70
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,500	10,580	175	55
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	8,850	7,265	155	15
b.Professional	62,300	48,660	1,430	210
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	12,995	10,065	245	40
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,240	8,905	250	45
30 Professional occupations in nursing	6,550	5,385	110	15
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	3,215	2,310	45	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	15,260	12,740	570	70
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	7,825	6,465	155	25
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	3,220	2,790	55	15
c.Technical and paraprofessional	38,800	32,860	565	95
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	10,415	8,350	180	20
32 Technical occupations in health	6,505	5,300	65	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	9,235	7,790	140	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	4,335	4,045	70	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,305	7,375	110	25
d.Administration and administrative support	49,670	41,710	795	150
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	21,005	17,690	345	70
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,365	3,585	80	10
14 Office support occupations	16,790	14,110	280	75
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	7,505	6,325	90	0
e.Sales	39,825	33,445	585	90
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	10,195	8,280	175	25
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	17,530	14,920	240	40
66 Sales support occupations	12,105	10,250	175	25
f.Personal and customer information services	62,450	50,765	920	150
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	5,550	4,670	45	10
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	7,695	6,045	145	25
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	9,700	7,530	105	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	19,460	15,875	435	80
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	20,055	16,645	190	15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	29,415	25,245	540	50
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	18,525	15,790	355	45
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,895	9,450	185	10
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	24,405	20,435	275	60
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	7,030	6,165	110	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	12,740	10,145	140	35
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,635	4,125	30	15
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,615	5,075	60	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	910	810	20	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,290	1,095	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	3,410	3,170	30	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,590	13,550	175	15
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	3,620	3,065	40	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	3,335	2,590	30	10
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	6,035	5,050	85	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	3,605	2,845	25	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	371,125	305,755	6,105	975
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,350	2,955	30	10
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	2,970	2,580	25	10
113 Forestry and logging	55	55	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	30	15	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	300	305	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	690	600	25	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	225	200	10	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	275	240	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	180	155	10	0
22 Utilities	8,020	6,845	150	15
221 Utilities	8,020	6,845	150	15
23 Construction	29,010	24,650	505	50
236 Construction of buildings	7,650	6,225	110	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	2,835	2,455	40	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	18,535	15,970	350	35
31-33 Manufacturing	30,865	24,760	450	45
311 Food manufacturing	2,130	1,585	45	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	430	365	10	0
313 Textile mills	160	130	0	0
314 Textile product mills	75	50	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	205	125	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	20	15	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	505	420	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	1,340	1,220	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	2,045	1,750	20	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	155	120	15	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	2,230	1,645	35	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,710	1,295	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	910	785	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,080	905	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,420	1,945	25	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	1,940	1,565	30	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,665	1,170	35	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	740	575	15	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	8,505	7,150	130	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	1,060	735	20	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,555	1,205	35	0
41 Wholesale trade	14,095	11,485	365	45
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	60	50	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	145	130	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,000	1,605	25	10
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	2,075	1,595	65	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,065	900	50	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,125	1,810	40	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	4,415	3,595	130	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,680	1,410	35	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	525	400	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	43,455	36,435	450	95
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,265	4,515	85	15
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	1,705	1,405	25	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,870	1,485	15	15
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,455	3,075	50	0
445 Food and beverage stores	9,695	8,175	100	15
446 Health and personal care stores	3,740	2,725	40	0
447 Gasoline stations	710	465	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	4,695	3,895	50	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,150	1,980	15	10
452 General merchandise stores	6,310	5,340	50	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,545	2,265	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	1,320	1,110	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,735	14,075	295	40
481 Air transportation	645	505	25	15
482 Rail transportation	675	560	50	0
483 Water transportation	45	45	0	0
484 Truck transportation	3,900	2,995	65	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	5,595	4,245	55	10
486 Pipeline transportation	15	15	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	30	30	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,840	1,565	40	0
491 Postal service	1,575	1,255	20	0
492 Couriers and messengers	1,320	1,055	15	0
493 Warehousing and storage	2,085	1,800	30	10
51 Information and cultural industries	10,575	8,845	180	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	2,040	1,720	25	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,510	1,330	30	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	1,200	1,090	15	0
517 Telecommunications	4,485	3,585	80	10
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	365	250	10	0
519 Other information services	980	870	15	0
52 Finance and insurance	23,495	18,285	495	85
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	12,785	9,490	245	55
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	3,050	2,380	70	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	7,495	6,290	175	25
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	170	120	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,115	5,510	115	25
531 Real estate	6,140	4,685	105	15
532 Rental and leasing services	950	800	10	10
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	25	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,045	20,560	485	85
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,045	20,560	485	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	885	750	25	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	885	750	25	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	19,110	15,810	335	60
561 Administrative and support services	18,100	14,905	320	60
562 Waste management and remediation services	1,005	910	20	0
61 Educational services	29,135	24,260	835	135
611 Educational services	29,135	24,260	835	135
62 Health care and social assistance	38,905	32,380	490	75
621 Ambulatory health care services	12,040	9,860	130	20
622 Hospitals	11,015	9,165	140	15
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	7,135	6,065	85	20
624 Social assistance	8,720	7,290	135	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,950	8,105	85	20
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	2,040	1,845	15	10
712 Heritage institutions	655	600	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	6,255	5,665	65	15
72 Accommodation and food services	22,955	18,435	225	45
721 Accommodation services	1,895	1,485	40	0
722 Food services and drinking places	21,050	16,950	185	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	14,955	11,840	190	35
811 Repair and maintenance	4,680	3,780	75	10
812 Personal and laundry services	5,010	3,840	45	15
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	4,170	3,515	50	15
814 Private households	1,095	700	10	0
91 Public administration	21,785	19,170	370	100
911 Federal government public administration	3,750	3,100	105	35
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	4,530	3,845	105	30
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	13,440	12,180	160	35
914 Aboriginal public administration	45	45	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	15	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	324,375	266,175	5,470	805
Worked at home	21,845	17,750	425	60
Worked outside Canada	915	620	10	10
No fixed workplace address	39,565	32,050	630	115
Worked at usual place	262,055	215,755	4,405	620
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	371,125	305,750	6,100	975
English	364,915	304,265	4,610	770
French	1,650	595	835	40
Non-official language	1,535	75	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,535	75	0	0
English and French	1,570	540	640	160
English and non-official language	1,405	260	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	55	25	10	10
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	371,125	305,750	6,100	975
None	360,795	302,080	4,205	775
English	1,675	465	510	20
French	4,415	2,410	1,310	170
Non-official language	4,080	755	45	0
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	4,075	745	45	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	50	15	10	0
French and non-official language	110	25	25	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	262,050	215,755	4,405	620
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	71,425	61,075	1,010	145
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	72,995	63,230	1,235	150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	117,000	90,925	2,140	320
Commute to a different province or territory	635	525	20	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	301,620	247,810	5,030	740
Car, truck, van - as a driver	236,150	195,085	4,000	525
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	18,545	15,180	235	60
Public transit	34,015	26,660	630	125
Walked	9,025	7,770	110	15
Bicycle	970	825	20	10
Other method	2,915	2,290	40	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	301,615	247,810	5,035	735
Less than 15 minutes	62,610	53,805	945	135
15 to 29 minutes	78,970	66,105	1,220	180
30 to 44 minutes	55,115	44,550	855	105
45 to 59 minutes	37,390	29,580	735	90
60 minutes and over	67,525	53,770	1,275	230
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	301,615	247,805	5,035	735
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,350	25,025	380	60
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,765	49,725	1,095	155
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	75,920	62,205	1,550	185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	53,540	43,465	885	125
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	32,110	24,495	430	90
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50,940	42,885	700	120
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	632,885	523,970	10,045	2,070
Non-movers	567,840	473,705	9,025	1,795
Movers	65,050	50,260	1,020	270
Non-migrants	28,390	23,880	360	135
Migrants	36,660	26,380	660	140
Internal migrants	34,230	25,220	620	125
Intraprovincial migrants	32,550	24,045	535	120
Interprovincial migrants	1,685	1,185	85	10
External migrants	2,430	1,155	40	10
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	604,020	497,855	9,800	1,920
Non-movers	393,930	334,965	6,315	1,175
Movers	210,095	162,890	3,490	745
Non-migrants	90,005	76,700	1,170	360
Migrants	120,090	86,185	2,310	385
Internal migrants	109,555	82,175	2,160	365
Intraprovincial migrants	105,545	79,325	1,895	330
Interprovincial migrants	4,010	2,850	265	30
External migrants	10,540	4,010	155	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Durham

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.