Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in St. Catharines, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	129,845	105,815	2,745	510
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	129,845	105,820	2,745	510
0 to 14 years	18,790	17,145	170	100
0 to 4 years	5,995	5,525	35	25
5 to 9 years	6,365	5,845	70	25
10 to 14 years	6,425	5,780	70	50
15 to 64 years	84,600	69,625	1,605	345
15 to 19 years	7,480	6,480	110	45
20 to 24 years	9,400	7,600	105	45
25 to 29 years	8,825	7,580	75	35
30 to 34 years	7,720	6,525	120	45
35 to 39 years	6,955	5,810	125	40
40 to 44 years	7,440	6,105	160	35
45 to 49 years	8,205	6,715	125	20
50 to 54 years	9,985	8,040	290	35
55 to 59 years	9,670	7,730	240	30
60 to 64 years	8,925	7,045	260	20
65 years and over	26,455	19,040	975	65
65 to 69 years	8,485	6,505	280	20
70 to 74 years	6,435	4,915	290	20
75 to 79 years	4,880	3,375	180	0
80 to 84 years	3,600	2,375	115	10
85 years and over	3,065	1,875	105	10
85 to 89 years	2,040	1,285	70	10
90 to 94 years	880	515	20	0
95 to 99 years	140	70	10	0
100 years and over	10	10	0	0
Average age	42.9	41.1	53.6	36.4
Median age	44.0	41.4	57.8	34.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	111,060	88,670	2,575	415
Married or living common law	59,805	46,375	1,500	165
Married	49,780	37,425	1,255	120
Living common law	10,030	8,950	245	40
Not married and not living common law	51,245	42,290	1,075	245
Never married	31,510	26,980	500	160
Separated	4,315	3,570	115	40
Divorced	8,070	6,675	215	20
Widowed	7,355	5,065	250	35
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	111,055	88,670	2,580	410
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,260	85,635	2,530	385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,919	41,008	40,798	37,591
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,170	31,450	30,820	28,171
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	107,300	85,680	2,530	385
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,091	34,932	34,492	32,323
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,965	28,798	28,616	27,013
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	94,080	75,970	2,140	330
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,097	39,183	38,053	36,784
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,282	28,750	25,320	24,874
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	83,030	65,310	1,980	280
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,401	8,193	10,879	8,187
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,136	6,808	11,884	6,539
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,045	62,195	1,460	290
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,272	37,877	40,168	36,909
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,256	28,273	30,358	25,136
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.7	84.8	79.2	85.0
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	65.3	67.1	56.7	73.6
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	16.3	15.2	20.9	15.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	111,055	88,670	2,575	410
Without total income	3,800	3,035	50	25
With total income	107,255	85,635	2,525	385
Percentage with total income	96.6	96.6	98.1	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,000	11,135	280	55
$10,000 to $19,999	21,165	16,660	535	85
$20,000 to $29,999	17,160	13,385	405	65
$30,000 to $39,999	13,860	10,980	410	45
$40,000 to $49,999	11,025	9,105	210	25
$50,000 to $59,999	8,300	6,965	175	40
$60,000 to $69,999	5,645	4,660	150	20
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	3,200	95	15
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	2,595	65	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	2,220	60	0
$100,000 and over	5,710	4,730	130	25
$100,000 to $149,999	4,115	3,480	100	20
$150,000 and over	1,600	1,245	30	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	111,055	88,670	2,580	415
Without after-tax income	3,760	2,995	50	25
With after-tax income	107,300	85,680	2,525	385
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.6	97.9	92.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,470	11,525	295	55
$10,000 to $19,999	22,095	17,425	565	95
$20,000 to $29,999	19,830	15,580	480	65
$30,000 to $39,999	15,830	12,675	430	35
$40,000 to $49,999	12,215	10,200	235	65
$50,000 to $59,999	7,670	6,340	190	20
$60,000 to $69,999	4,635	3,900	105	15
$70,000 to $79,999	3,745	3,255	90	0
$80,000 and over	5,800	4,785	125	25
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	1,800	40	20
$90,000 to $99,999	1,220	1,000	35	0
$100,000 and over	2,485	1,985	50	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	111,055	88,670	2,580	410
Without employment income	36,010	26,470	1,115	125
With employment income	75,045	62,200	1,460	290
Percentage with employment income	67.6	70.1	56.6	70.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,540	9,975	285	60
$5,000 to $9,999	6,525	5,425	105	20
$10,000 to $19,999	11,400	9,260	200	35
$20,000 to $29,999	9,405	7,710	130	40
$30,000 to $39,999	8,160	6,870	170	30
$40,000 to $49,999	6,890	5,765	145	15
$50,000 to $59,999	5,230	4,525	85	30
$60,000 to $69,999	3,575	2,965	105	20
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590	2,200	45	0
$80,000 and over	8,735	7,505	185	30
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275	2,000	40	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,275	1,975	50	0
$100,000 and over	4,185	3,535	100	25
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	111,055	88,670	2,575	410
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	32,505	27,760	565	140
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	47,639	48,097	50,872	42,570
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	56,697	56,889	66,557	53,175
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	129,845	105,815	2,750	515
English only	119,460	100,395	235	130
French only	75	0	40	0
English and French	9,345	5,405	2,475	385
Neither English nor French	970	20	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	129,845	105,820	2,745	515
English	115,865	104,420	1,805	445
French	820	30	755	20
Non-official language	9,050	395	20	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	9,050	395	20	10
English and French	230	50	125	35
English and non-official language	3,795	900	0	10
French and non-official language	20	0	10	0
English, French and non-official language	65	15	30	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	129,850	105,815	2,750	510
None	117,790	103,270	1,725	350
English	4,395	260	355	10
French	1,560	755	620	135
Non-official language	5,945	1,505	40	25
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	5,935	1,495	40	25
English and French	55	10	10	0
English and non-official language	45	0	0	0
French and non-official language	60	15	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	129,845	105,815	2,745	515
English	125,925	105,815	235	450
French	2,575	0	2,515	20
English and French	400	0	0	40
Neither English nor French	950	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	2,775	0	2,515	40
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	2.1	0.0	91.6	7.8
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	129,845	105,815	2,750	515
Official languages	128,875	105,795	2,745	510
English	128,805	105,795	2,705	515
French	9,415	5,400	2,515	385
Non-official languages	25,775	5,670	230	80
Aboriginal languages	20	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	25,745	5,655	225	80
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	129,850	105,820	2,750	510
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	3,545	3,265	215	40
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	3,395	3,115	210	40
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	2,145	2,070	40	10
Métis	1,195	985	170	35
Inuk (Inuit)	55	55	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	65	65	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	90	85	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	126,305	102,555	2,535	475
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	129,845	105,815	2,750	515
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	1,100	1,035	30	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,750	104,780	2,715	510
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	129,845	105,815	2,750	515
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	595	530	35	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	580	515	35	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	440	405	10	0
Métis single ancestry	120	95	25	0
Inuit single ancestry	20	20	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	15	15	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	4,685	4,315	250	95
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	4,560	4,235	210	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,440	3,250	90	75
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,090	950	110	20
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	30	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	125	85	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	110	65	40	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	15	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	124,565	100,965	2,465	425
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	129,845	105,820	2,750	515
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	123,095	103,455	2,700	495
Canadian citizens only	118,555	101,425	2,625	460
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	4,540	2,025	75	35
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	6,750	2,365	55	15
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	129,845	105,820	2,750	515
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	102,935	95,910	2,540	460
Immigrants^Footnote 44	24,545	9,535	170	45
Before 1981	12,070	5,940	95	10
1981 to 1990	2,685	925	15	15
1991 to 2000	3,040	765	25	0
2001 to 2010	4,770	1,375	25	10
2001 to 2005	2,335	655	15	10
2006 to 2010	2,430	720	10	0
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	1,980	530	15	15
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	2,370	375	35	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	24,545	9,530	170	50
Under 5 years	3,045	1,835	20	15
5 to 14 years	5,010	2,250	40	20
15 to 24 years	5,825	2,055	35	0
25 to 44 years	9,160	3,025	70	0
45 years and over	1,505	375	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	24,545	9,530	170	45
Americas	4,620	2,515	15	10
Brazil	45	10	0	0
Colombia	620	30	0	0
El Salvador	265	15	0	0
Guyana	75	75	0	0
Haiti	25	0	10	0
Jamaica	480	470	0	0
Mexico	200	10	0	0
Peru	60	20	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	340	335	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,380	1,295	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,135	250	0	0
Europe	13,150	5,660	90	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	0	0	0
Croatia	175	15	0	0
France	90	10	60	0
Germany	915	170	0	0
Greece	165	20	0	0
Hungary	255	25	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	165	160	0	0
Italy	1,750	160	0	0
Netherlands	1,005	155	0	0
Poland	1,375	110	0	10
Portugal	185	55	0	0
Romania	205	20	0	0
Russian Federation	245	25	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	135	10	0	0
Ukraine	435	30	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	4,620	4,565	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,255	150	20	10
Africa	1,545	445	65	15
Algeria	75	0	10	0
Egypt	130	35	0	0
Ethiopia	50	0	0	0
Kenya	70	45	0	0
Morocco	25	0	10	0
Nigeria	90	60	0	0
Somalia	55	20	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	155	125	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	895	165	50	15
Asia	5,160	850	0	0
Afghanistan	75	20	0	0
Bangladesh	70	0	0	0
China^Footnote 53	715	55	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	85	15	0	0
India	690	180	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	180	25	0	0
Iraq	115	15	0	0
Japan	60	10	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	195	10	0	0
Lebanon	105	10	0	0
Pakistan	240	80	0	0
Philippines	1,025	210	0	0
Sri Lanka	70	35	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	195	10	0	0
Taiwan	50	0	0	0
Viet Nam	250	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,050	185	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	65	55	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	1,980	530	15	15
Americas	500	270	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	95	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	115	115	0	0
Mexico	25	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	145	140	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	25	0	0
Europe	195	65	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	40	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	10	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	10	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	55	50	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	0	0	0
Africa	255	40	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	35	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	15	0	10
Asia	1,025	135	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0
China^Footnote 65	255	15	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0
India	160	10	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	10	0	0	0
Iraq	15	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	60	10	0	0
Philippines	280	75	0	0
Saudi Arabia	15	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	70	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	25	10	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	10	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	10	10	0	0
Australia	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	10	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	129,845	105,815	2,750	510
First generation^Footnote 73	27,510	10,425	220	55
Second generation^Footnote 74	29,520	25,400	290	85
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	72,815	69,990	2,240	365
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	12,790	3,765	75	40
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	4,785	1,525	35	15
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	1,980	490	20	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	2,805	1,030	15	10
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	4,365	1,755	10	0
Refugees^Footnote 81	3,460	440	30	25
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	185	50	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	129,850	105,815	2,750	515
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	16,525	6,865	200	55
South Asian^Footnote 85	1,865	850	25	15
Chinese	2,695	400	10	0
Black	3,710	2,875	115	20
Filipino	1,465	660	0	0
Latin American	2,170	350	25	0
Arab	1,435	390	20	0
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	875	320	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	335	60	0	0
Korean	550	45	10	0
Japanese	225	140	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	280	190	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	895	580	0	10
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	113,320	98,950	2,550	460
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	129,845	105,820	2,750	515
North American Aboriginal origins	5,275	4,855	285	95
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,020	3,755	145	75
Inuit	75	70	0	0
Métis	1,330	1,125	180	20
Other North American origins	36,645	34,675	1,380	255
Acadian	125	75	40	10
American	2,205	2,145	20	0
Canadian	35,105	33,220	1,335	250
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	125	125	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	0
Québécois	70	50	20	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	20	15	0	0
European origins	99,670	85,740	1,900	415
British Isles origins	63,185	62,270	415	255
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0
English	36,475	36,070	160	110
Irish	23,690	23,300	205	115
Manx	35	35	0	0
Scottish	27,005	26,760	110	100
Welsh	2,655	2,615	0	20
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	4,070	3,970	35	30
French origins	14,890	12,795	1,645	260
Alsatian	10	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	14,890	12,790	1,640	260
Western European origins (except French origins)	25,770	22,310	110	70
Austrian	870	685	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	355	310	30	0
Dutch	9,255	7,970	25	20
Flemish	55	40	10	0
Frisian	35	30	0	0
German	16,910	14,775	45	40
Luxembourger	10	0	10	0
Swiss	445	390	10	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,855	2,615	10	10
Danish	760	700	0	0
Finnish	690	620	0	0
Icelandic	170	170	0	0
Norwegian	570	525	0	0
Swedish	720	640	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	115	100	0	10
Eastern European origins	19,720	15,315	85	50
Bulgarian	170	70	0	0
Byelorussian	105	45	0	0
Czech	465	350	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	180	170	0	0
Estonian	170	105	0	0
Hungarian	2,340	1,895	15	0
Latvian	240	170	0	0
Lithuanian	265	190	0	10
Moldovan	30	0	0	0
Polish	7,610	5,730	20	15
Romanian	705	500	15	0
Russian	2,635	2,020	10	0
Slovak	750	605	10	0
Ukrainian	7,480	6,305	35	30
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	60	50	0	0
Southern European origins	17,505	12,915	110	45
Albanian	160	40	0	0
Bosnian	265	105	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0
Croatian	770	535	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0
Greek	875	595	10	0
Italian	12,205	9,700	80	25
Kosovar	15	0	0	0
Macedonian	130	50	0	0
Maltese	290	260	0	0
Montenegrin	20	10	0	0
Portuguese	965	705	0	0
Serbian	310	140	0	0
Sicilian	30	25	0	0
Slovenian	540	400	0	0
Spanish	1,510	775	0	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	255	185	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	415	330	0	10
Basque	10	0	0	0
Jewish	245	190	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	20	15	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	135	130	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,435	2,255	45	15
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	320	325	0	0
Bermudan	40	40	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0
Cuban	120	55	0	0
Dominican	75	55	0	0
Grenadian	25	30	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	70	30	20	10
Jamaican	1,205	1,170	20	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	15	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	400	400	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	10	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	225	205	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	55	55	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,775	890	40	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	155	40	20	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	85	45	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0
Bolivian	15	0	0	0
Brazilian	55	35	0	0
Chilean	45	25	0	0
Colombian	730	115	0	0
Costa Rican	55	30	0	0
Ecuadorian	55	10	0	0
Guatemalan	315	105	0	0
Guyanese	150	150	0	0
Hispanic	95	25	0	0
Honduran	80	15	0	0
Maya	85	10	25	0
Mexican	315	75	0	0
Nicaraguan	75	30	0	0
Panamanian	20	10	0	0
Paraguayan	55	35	0	0
Peruvian	80	35	0	0
Salvadorean	295	95	0	0
Uruguayan	35	15	0	0
Venezuelan	135	45	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	95	50	10	0
African origins	3,290	1,770	120	15
Central and West African origins	505	295	45	15
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	25	15	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	30	10	10	15
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	95	55	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	25	15	0	0
Malian	20	0	20	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	200	125	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	10	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	40	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	75	40	15	10
North African origins	1,120	350	50	0
Algerian	45	0	20	0
Berber	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	15	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	300	140	10	0
Libyan	215	85	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	20	10	0
Sudanese	510	115	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	70	0	15	0
Southern and East African origins	685	320	20	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	25	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	45	0	0	0
Ethiopian	80	40	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	55	40	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	10	0	0
Seychellois	20	15	0	0
Somali	105	40	10	0
South African	125	90	0	0
Tanzanian	40	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	15	10	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0
Zimbabwean	90	35	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	60	25	0	0
Other African origins	1,025	820	20	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	150	140	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	875	680	15	0
Asian origins	11,045	4,195	60	25
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,720	1,225	25	10
Afghan	90	40	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	330	95	0	10
Armenian	605	425	10	0
Assyrian	65	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	20	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	180	55	0	0
Iraqi	175	65	0	0
Israeli	45	10	0	0
Jordanian	125	20	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	180	55	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	15	0	0	0
Lebanese	415	290	10	0
Palestinian	210	65	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	115	60	0	0
Syrian	160	50	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	230	90	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	55	40	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	115	45	0	0
South Asian origins	2,085	1,095	25	20
Bangladeshi	15	15	0	0
Bengali	55	10	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,615	905	20	20
Goan	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0
Kashmiri	40	10	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	135	85	0	0
Punjabi	115	25	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	75	60	0	0
Tamil	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	95	15	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	6,325	1,950	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	270	115	0	0
Chinese	3,325	770	0	10
Filipino	1,535	715	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	10	0	0
Japanese	280	165	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	605	85	10	0
Laotian	320	140	0	0
Malaysian	20	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	0	0	0
Thai	130	65	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	430	180	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	70	35	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	65	35	0	0
Oceania origins	185	185	0	0
Australian	140	135	0	0
New Zealander	35	35	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	10	0	0
Samoan	10	10	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	111,055	88,670	2,580	410
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,155	15,485	630	90
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	34,440	28,605	700	110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,450	44,580	1,250	215
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,455	6,555	275	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	4,050	3,055	130	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	4,405	3,500	145	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,265	21,025	585	90
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,745	1,140	45	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	20,990	15,860	350	95
Bachelor's degree	14,275	11,180	225	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	970	20	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	315	0	0
Master's degree	4,040	2,940	85	10
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	745	450	15	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	111,055	88,670	2,575	415
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	54,600	44,085	1,325	195
Education	4,240	3,385	145	25
13. Education	4,235	3,385	145	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,150	1,810	40	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	305	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,825	1,505	35	10
Humanities	3,245	2,570	85	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	415	245	20	15
23. English language and literature/letters	760	630	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	595	25	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	40	35	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	180	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	440	380	0	0
54. History	480	405	10	10
55. French language and literature/letters	155	100	25	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,575	5,345	135	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	90	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635	525	10	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,485	1,245	30	10
22. Legal professions and studies	750	575	20	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	95	90	0	0
42. Psychology	1,365	1,115	35	0
45. Social sciences	2,150	1,700	35	10
Business, management and public administration	10,790	8,325	240	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	35	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	900	25	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,690	7,390	215	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,670	1,220	15	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	560	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	250	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	20	20	0	0
40. Physical sciences	490	325	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	70	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,305	40	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,275	990	40	10
25. Library science	150	130	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	180	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	10,585	8,175	270	20
04. Architecture and related services	275	195	10	0
14. Engineering	1,375	750	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,605	2,135	50	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,010	1,645	60	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,250	1,795	70	15
48. Precision production	2,065	1,645	60	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	970	770	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	725	570	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	195	0	0
Health and related fields	9,800	7,815	155	35
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,145	1,030	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	8,490	6,695	145	30
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	165	90	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,730	3,855	135	30
12. Personal and culinary services	2,805	2,190	80	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,250	1,135	15	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	515	45	0
Other	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	111,055	88,670	2,575	410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,605	44,090	1,325	195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	56,455	44,585	1,250	215
Location of study inside Canada	47,990	40,590	1,170	205
Same as province or territory of residence	45,310	38,545	945	180
Different than province or territory of residence	2,675	2,050	230	30
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	8,465	3,990	80	10
United States^Footnote 132	2,415	2,015	20	10
Philippines	405	60	0	0
India	365	85	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	1,335	1,250	0	0
China^Footnote 134	400	10	0	0
France	50	15	25	0
Other	3,500	555	30	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	111,055	88,670	2,580	410
In the labour force	67,005	55,815	1,250	245
Employed	61,570	51,330	1,155	210
Unemployed	5,435	4,480	95	35
Not in the labour force	44,050	32,855	1,330	165
Participation rate	60.3	62.9	48.4	59.8
Employment rate	55.4	57.9	44.8	51.2
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.0	7.6	14.3
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	111,055	88,670	2,575	410
Did not work^Footnote 137	42,000	31,115	1,260	150
Worked	69,060	57,555	1,320	265
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	33,245	28,340	585	140
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	35,810	29,210	735	120
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.7	42.7	41.4
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	71,455	59,440	1,330	270
a.Management	7,030	5,865	115	35
00 Senior management occupations	605	525	10	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	1,940	1,670	40	20
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,125	2,540	40	15
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,360	1,125	30	0
b.Professional	10,505	8,635	200	45
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	1,855	1,535	35	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,400	1,090	35	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,130	910	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	985	700	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,060	2,565	75	20
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	1,570	1,360	35	0
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	510	470	10	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	6,880	5,875	125	25
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,850	1,550	35	0
32 Technical occupations in health	1,385	1,150	15	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	1,460	1,230	35	10
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	570	530	10	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,620	1,415	40	0
d.Administration and administrative support	7,425	6,345	160	20
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	2,985	2,545	85	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	645	525	10	10
14 Office support occupations	2,470	2,145	45	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,325	1,135	25	15
e.Sales	8,615	7,480	105	25
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,535	1,370	25	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,170	3,570	45	10
66 Sales support occupations	2,910	2,540	25	20
f.Personal and customer information services	16,360	13,250	295	65
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,610	1,230	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,310	1,055	35	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	3,140	2,540	40	10
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	4,520	3,745	90	35
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	5,780	4,675	105	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	5,015	4,185	115	15
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	3,460	2,845	85	10
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,560	1,335	30	10
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,545	3,830	125	15
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,130	985	35	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,485	2,015	60	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	930	825	25	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835	1,295	40	15
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	205	160	15	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,020	610	0	15
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	610	515	15	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,250	2,695	55	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	435	365	15	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	850	680	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	1,150	985	20	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	810	665	15	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	71,460	59,440	1,330	265
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,665	1,115	20	15
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	1,605	1,050	25	20
113 Forestry and logging	0	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	15	15	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	45	45	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	145	130	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	50	50	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	65	55	10	0
22 Utilities	205	195	10	0
221 Utilities	205	195	10	0
23 Construction	4,655	3,900	110	10
236 Construction of buildings	1,225	1,010	40	10
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	485	430	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,945	2,455	60	0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,190	5,180	135	10
311 Food manufacturing	510	420	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	440	375	10	0
313 Textile mills	25	15	0	0
314 Textile product mills	30	30	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	55	35	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	15	15	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	115	95	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	165	140	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	215	185	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	15	15	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	220	175	20	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	170	135	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	180	140	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	365	325	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	770	640	20	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	495	395	15	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	120	100	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	85	80	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	1,685	1,460	55	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	250	185	10	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	265	210	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	2,185	1,890	35	10
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	140	105	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	15	20	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	285	250	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	245	200	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	110	95	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	335	315	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	640	540	25	10
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	350	310	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	70	60	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	9,990	8,565	120	35
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,030	900	15	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	245	225	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	345	300	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	590	565	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	2,255	1,980	10	10
446 Health and personal care stores	895	700	20	0
447 Gasoline stations	150	90	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,390	1,120	35	10
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	520	440	10	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,435	1,265	15	10
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	885	780	0	0
454 Non-store retailers	245	200	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,735	2,230	70	10
481 Air transportation	95	70	10	0
482 Rail transportation	50	40	0	0
483 Water transportation	165	140	0	0
484 Truck transportation	845	650	20	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	590	485	10	0
486 Pipeline transportation	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25	15	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	350	315	0	0
491 Postal service	235	200	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	235	180	10	0
493 Warehousing and storage	145	130	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,100	965	30	10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	330	285	15	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	170	160	0	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	110	110	0	0
517 Telecommunications	235	200	10	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	60	40	10	0
519 Other information services	200	180	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,150	1,820	45	15
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,240	1,035	25	20
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	285	240	10	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	610	535	10	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	15	15	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,350	1,130	10	0
531 Real estate	1,120	915	0	10
532 Rental and leasing services	220	200	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	15	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,540	2,935	30	10
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,535	2,935	30	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	65	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	70	60	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,410	3,705	110	40
561 Administrative and support services	4,210	3,510	105	40
562 Waste management and remediation services	200	190	10	0
61 Educational services	5,575	4,700	175	30
611 Educational services	5,575	4,700	170	30
62 Health care and social assistance	8,890	7,140	130	25
621 Ambulatory health care services	2,885	2,285	40	15
622 Hospitals	1,905	1,620	10	0
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,330	1,780	40	10
624 Social assistance	1,775	1,450	40	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,115	1,860	30	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	535	490	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	200	180	10	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,380	1,190	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	7,870	6,390	105	10
721 Accommodation services	1,740	1,355	35	10
722 Food services and drinking places	6,135	5,030	70	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,435	2,795	80	20
811 Repair and maintenance	895	725	25	10
812 Personal and laundry services	1,340	1,075	30	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	960	825	20	10
814 Private households	245	165	10	10
91 Public administration	3,165	2,740	85	20
911 Federal government public administration	700	580	35	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	660	550	20	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,800	1,610	25	10
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	61,570	51,335	1,155	210
Worked at home	3,575	2,935	50	0
Worked outside Canada	385	305	10	0
No fixed workplace address	6,450	5,340	190	15
Worked at usual place	51,160	42,755	905	200
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	71,460	59,440	1,330	270
English	70,195	59,180	1,065	215
French	265	85	160	0
Non-official language	420	0	0	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	425	0	0	0
English and French	245	85	85	45
English and non-official language	305	75	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	0	15	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	71,460	59,440	1,330	265
None	68,955	58,610	955	220
English	375	55	95	10
French	920	545	270	30
Non-official language	1,165	210	15	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,160	210	10	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	51,165	42,755	905	195
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,795	24,935	470	120
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,425	12,810	325	55
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,820	4,915	105	20
Commute to a different province or territory	120	100	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	57,610	48,100	1,095	210
Car, truck, van - as a driver	46,655	38,905	885	170
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,380	3,625	55	20
Public transit	2,450	2,030	55	10
Walked	2,955	2,535	70	0
Bicycle	570	505	10	0
Other method	600	495	15	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	57,615	48,095	1,090	210
Less than 15 minutes	22,040	18,885	355	60
15 to 29 minutes	22,850	18,690	455	120
30 to 44 minutes	6,600	5,515	120	0
45 to 59 minutes	2,530	2,090	65	0
60 minutes and over	3,600	2,915	105	20
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	57,615	48,095	1,095	210
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,585	3,120	85	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,665	7,950	190	55
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,840	10,730	310	55
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	13,345	11,280	240	40
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,385	5,975	95	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,780	9,045	165	50
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	128,650	104,720	2,745	500
Non-movers	111,250	90,730	2,395	360
Movers	17,400	13,985	340	140
Non-migrants	10,715	8,835	195	75
Migrants	6,685	5,145	150	65
Internal migrants	5,755	4,840	125	45
Intraprovincial migrants	5,240	4,430	120	50
Interprovincial migrants	510	415	0	0
External migrants	930	310	20	20
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	123,850	100,295	2,715	485
Non-movers	77,080	62,825	1,835	260
Movers	46,770	37,470	875	230
Non-migrants	27,540	23,355	465	125
Migrants	19,225	14,115	410	100
Internal migrants	15,615	13,145	395	85
Intraprovincial migrants	14,225	12,020	370	60
Interprovincial migrants	1,390	1,130	20	20
External migrants	3,610	960	20	20

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – St. Catharines, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.