Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
0 to 14 years	689,865	561,440	3,750	2,915
0 to 4 years	220,280	178,220	1,240	880
5 to 9 years	236,220	194,430	1,400	1,025
10 to 14 years	233,360	188,790	1,110	1,010
15 to 64 years	3,074,965	2,130,200	39,965	7,265
15 to 19 years	257,280	193,650	1,245	1,010
20 to 24 years	284,710	205,060	2,095	890
25 to 29 years	300,130	211,955	3,370	1,020
30 to 34 years	310,940	215,215	4,205	870
35 to 39 years	290,930	195,050	4,250	700
40 to 44 years	292,110	190,990	4,185	510
45 to 49 years	318,735	207,110	4,110	585
50 to 54 years	350,210	235,975	5,050	600
55 to 59 years	350,235	247,055	5,775	475
60 to 64 years	319,685	228,130	5,685	600
65 years and over	795,410	536,870	15,280	1,320
65 to 69 years	282,580	201,815	5,045	465
70 to 74 years	198,715	139,165	3,955	295
75 to 79 years	139,995	88,505	2,925	255
80 to 84 years	96,365	58,395	1,900	210
85 years and over	77,750	48,985	1,455	100
85 to 89 years	53,675	33,515	1,065	75
90 to 94 years	19,685	12,680	330	20
95 to 99 years	3,875	2,520	55	10
100 years and over	510	275	10	0
Average age	41.8	40.5	50.0	33.6
Median age	42.5	40.8	52.4	29.4
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,250	8,585
Married or living common law	2,276,810	1,504,635	33,970	4,045
Married	1,905,060	1,191,150	24,980	2,820
Living common law	371,745	313,480	8,995	1,225
Not married and not living common law	1,593,565	1,162,440	21,280	4,545
Never married	1,054,145	781,140	11,410	3,400
Separated	102,085	74,740	1,630	235
Divorced	253,785	190,515	4,825	590
Widowed	183,560	116,040	3,415	320
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,710	2,572,515	54,355	8,070
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	49,288	49,840	43,443
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,983	36,566	36,817	31,141
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	2,575,255	54,450	8,075
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	40,719	41,127	36,207
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,755	32,644	32,692	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	2,358,445	49,170	7,250
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	48,050	48,102	42,908
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,542	34,392	34,196	29,112
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,768,650	38,860	5,905
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,616	8,855	6,694
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,594	5,658	8,205	3,034
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,977,730	39,495	6,350
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	45,263	46,744	38,812
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,707	33,413	35,271	27,635
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.9	89.4	87.3	88.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	70.7	70.6	68.1	70.3
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.1	10.6	12.7	11.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,590
Without total income	142,660	94,560	890	515
With total income	3,727,715	2,572,515	54,360	8,070
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.5	98.4	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	572,610	343,360	5,675	1,300
$10,000 to $19,999	654,900	412,125	9,200	1,515
$20,000 to $29,999	505,260	336,715	7,885	1,105
$30,000 to $39,999	423,275	292,900	6,595	940
$40,000 to $49,999	365,175	261,385	5,335	870
$50,000 to $59,999	286,095	212,285	4,230	520
$60,000 to $69,999	222,170	168,950	3,550	385
$70,000 to $79,999	171,785	132,535	2,910	350
$80,000 to $89,999	135,310	105,335	2,440	300
$90,000 to $99,999	96,840	75,700	1,600	240
$100,000 and over	294,295	231,220	4,945	535
$100,000 to $149,999	198,350	155,275	3,310	355
$150,000 and over	95,945	75,950	1,635	185
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,590
Without after-tax income	137,955	91,820	800	510
With after-tax income	3,732,420	2,575,255	54,445	8,080
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	98.5	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	596,435	359,045	6,130	1,365
$10,000 to $19,999	688,395	434,560	9,700	1,555
$20,000 to $29,999	594,325	400,205	9,125	1,365
$30,000 to $39,999	494,690	347,785	7,625	1,130
$40,000 to $49,999	402,520	294,740	5,895	790
$50,000 to $59,999	291,885	221,445	4,775	535
$60,000 to $69,999	210,300	162,625	3,560	385
$70,000 to $79,999	151,855	118,585	2,590	365
$80,000 and over	302,010	236,260	5,045	580
$80,000 to $89,999	94,850	73,645	1,600	185
$90,000 to $99,999	59,650	46,535	930	110
$100,000 and over	147,510	116,075	2,515	285
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,250	8,585
Without employment income	1,095,370	689,340	15,755	2,235
With employment income	2,775,010	1,977,735	39,490	6,350
Percentage with employment income	71.7	74.2	71.5	74.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	440,080	324,915	7,025	1,015
$5,000 to $9,999	212,775	144,760	2,330	540
$10,000 to $19,999	371,850	246,485	4,450	1,065
$20,000 to $29,999	310,265	205,205	4,005	680
$30,000 to $39,999	282,735	191,495	3,715	650
$40,000 to $49,999	253,580	175,750	3,395	620
$50,000 to $59,999	203,580	148,700	2,980	395
$60,000 to $69,999	163,065	122,475	2,475	305
$70,000 to $79,999	133,795	102,430	2,205	240
$80,000 and over	403,290	315,515	6,915	850
$80,000 to $89,999	106,940	82,750	1,875	250
$90,000 to $99,999	76,035	59,445	1,225	195
$100,000 and over	220,320	173,320	3,815	405
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	1,147,070	842,200	15,880	2,335
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	53,940	56,227	59,813	51,001
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	64,625	66,913	68,818	60,607
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
English only	4,092,905	3,022,415	5,765	2,565
French only	1,745	145	1,030	55
English and French	312,475	203,995	52,155	8,860
Neither English nor French	153,110	1,960	60	15
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
English	3,601,105	3,132,935	40,745	8,520
French	16,490	1,075	14,155	345
Non-official language	714,820	28,545	630	320
Aboriginal	1,585	515	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	713,235	28,030	620	320
English and French	6,115	1,780	2,550	1,440
English and non-official language	218,255	63,325	350	410
French and non-official language	625	35	215	15
English, French and non-official language	2,835	810	355	455
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,005	11,505
None	3,900,530	3,101,760	34,830	8,145
English	272,245	15,745	8,430	375
French	40,650	22,530	13,920	2,175
Non-official language	336,760	86,635	1,190	480
Aboriginal	7,810	5,005	25	0
Non-Aboriginal	328,950	81,635	1,160	475
English and French	1,120	70	60	60
English and non-official language	5,210	350	180	10
French and non-official language	3,580	1,420	385	250
English, French and non-official language	140	0	10	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,005	11,505
English	4,336,080	3,228,370	5,760	9,050
French	55,320	145	53,240	380
English and French	17,775	0	0	2,070
Neither English nor French	151,070	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	64,205	145	53,240	1,415
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	1.4	0.0	90.2	12.3
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Official languages	4,407,125	3,226,555	58,940	11,480
English	4,405,385	3,226,405	57,915	11,425
French	314,225	204,135	53,180	8,920
Non-official languages	1,546,550	310,610	9,815	3,045
Aboriginal languages	17,190	10,380	100	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,630	300,415	9,725	3,025
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	4,560,240	3,228,510	59,000	11,505
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	270,585	257,145	3,815	1,105
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	263,540	250,405	3,650	1,045
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	172,520	163,375	755	385
Métis	89,405	85,545	2,870	645
Inuk (Inuit)	1,615	1,485	35	15
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	4,350	4,180	90	50
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	2,695	2,560	75	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,971,365	55,185	10,395
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	135,840	127,185	540	290
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	3,101,330	58,460	11,210
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,000	11,505
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	91,715	84,170	605	135
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	90,390	82,940	580	125
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	79,880	72,995	245	75
Métis single ancestry	10,080	9,585	325	45
Inuit single ancestry	435	355	15	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	1,325	1,225	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	1,110	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	90	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	211,100	202,830	5,150	1,250
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	201,900	194,035	4,890	1,190
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	125,330	2,490	625
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,175	67,070	2,380	555
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,705	1,630	25	15
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	9,205	8,795	255	60
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,860	8,475	250	55
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	155	15	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	125	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	45	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	4,257,425	2,941,515	53,250	10,115
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	4,560,240	3,228,515	59,005	11,500
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	4,138,300	3,128,020	55,680	11,150
Canadian citizens only	3,924,715	3,030,840	51,750	10,190
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	213,585	97,180	3,930	960
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	421,940	100,495	3,325	350
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	4,560,240	3,228,510	59,005	11,505
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	3,167,160	2,869,895	48,065	10,010
Immigrants^Footnote 44	1,292,670	335,185	9,655	1,355
Before 1981	356,155	160,710	3,420	360
1981 to 1990	152,225	35,215	1,085	170
1991 to 2000	287,505	45,235	1,575	230
2001 to 2010	321,240	60,840	2,225	440
2001 to 2005	147,730	25,570	965	200
2006 to 2010	173,510	35,265	1,260	240
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	175,555	33,185	1,345	165
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	100,405	23,430	1,275	135
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	1,292,675	335,185	9,660	1,360
Under 5 years	112,665	58,685	940	375
5 to 14 years	212,710	71,155	1,395	335
15 to 24 years	279,495	68,530	2,095	195
25 to 44 years	537,500	116,845	4,650	380
45 years and over	150,305	19,965	585	75
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	1,292,675	335,185	9,660	1,360
Americas	110,845	66,960	615	120
Brazil	3,800	345	10	0
Colombia	3,910	255	15	0
El Salvador	5,420	325	25	0
Guyana	1,305	1,230	0	0
Haiti	565	220	175	0
Jamaica	3,505	3,365	0	0
Mexico	10,375	715	55	0
Peru	3,265	310	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,615	2,540	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	57,780	53,780	240	80
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	3,865	90	20
Europe	319,890	145,560	6,135	420
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,575	225	0	0
Croatia	5,775	525	15	10
France	5,705	695	4,525	75
Germany	35,045	5,010	95	35
Greece	3,630	235	10	10
Hungary	6,180	425	15	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	5,890	5,790	0	0
Italy	15,400	1,225	80	20
Netherlands	18,225	2,635	25	25
Poland	15,115	1,055	15	10
Portugal	8,215	660	20	0
Romania	8,995	615	55	25
Russian Federation	10,920	620	25	10
Serbia^Footnote 51	4,480	200	15	0
Ukraine	7,500	475	10	20
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	123,815	120,450	115	120
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	4,720	1,115	70
Africa	42,805	21,035	2,060	320
Algeria	485	15	235	10
Egypt	2,705	600	110	40
Ethiopia	2,075	335	10	10
Kenya	4,710	2,525	25	0
Morocco	985	25	370	30
Nigeria	1,740	1,090	0	10
Somalia	1,085	115	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	10,180	25	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15,640	6,150	1,295	225
Asia	788,060	84,780	775	475
Afghanistan	5,040	225	0	0
Bangladesh	2,120	320	0	0
China^Footnote 53	199,990	8,485	95	60
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	74,210	7,040	25	25
India	162,645	16,380	30	50
Iran^Footnote 55	37,155	1,925	90	45
Iraq	5,550	435	10	0
Japan	13,365	990	15	10
Korea, South^Footnote 56	41,515	2,980	0	15
Lebanon	2,235	260	155	40
Pakistan	10,665	1,975	0	0
Philippines	112,100	25,495	30	70
Sri Lanka	4,590	1,315	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	2,845	140	25	0
Taiwan	38,905	2,065	10	10
Viet Nam	27,875	2,235	135	40
Other places of birth in Asia	47,250	12,505	155	110
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	31,080	16,860	70	20
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	175,555	33,185	1,350	160
Americas	14,550	6,800	60	10
Brazil	1,145	60	0	0
Colombia	575	15	0	0
Cuba	140	0	0	0
Haiti	40	30	0	0
Jamaica	625	585	0	0
Mexico	2,885	145	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	6,490	5,670	20	10
Venezuela^Footnote 61	270	20	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,385	280	30	0
Europe	19,735	8,340	980	45
France	970	35	875	15
Germany	1,450	115	15	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	1,435	1,415	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	240	10	0	0
Romania	690	40	0	10
Russian Federation	1,735	55	0	0
Ukraine	1,225	55	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	6,535	6,335	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	280	85	15
Africa	6,200	2,310	240	60
Algeria	60	0	15	0
Cameroon	65	45	15	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	25	50	10
Côte d'Ivoire	20	0	15	0
Egypt	630	130	10	0
Eritrea	315	60	0	0
Ethiopia	305	65	0	0
Morocco	210	10	25	10
Nigeria	645	425	0	0
Somalia	360	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	905	0	0
Tunisia	75	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,750	625	110	40
Asia	131,880	13,175	65	50
Afghanistan	870	40	0	0
Bangladesh	475	50	0	0
China^Footnote 65	38,105	1,350	10	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	1,800	345	10	10
India	27,460	3,000	10	0
Iran^Footnote 67	8,645	325	0	10
Iraq	1,910	100	0	0
Israel	365	15	0	0
Japan	2,285	185	10	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	8,025	445	0	10
Lebanon	265	20	20	10
Nepal	315	25	0	0
Pakistan	1,965	365	0	0
Philippines	26,685	5,315	10	0
Saudi Arabia	395	80	0	0
Sri Lanka	530	65	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	2,185	40	0	0
Taiwan	2,505	80	0	0
Turkey	395	30	0	0
United Arab Emirates	390	190	0	0
Viet Nam	1,780	155	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,540	960	10	15
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	3,185	2,565	0	0
Australia	1,920	1,840	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	1,265	730	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
First generation^Footnote 73	1,426,450	385,395	11,425	1,700
Second generation^Footnote 74	1,043,865	823,650	6,675	3,405
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	2,089,925	2,019,475	40,900	6,400
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	955,960	180,180	6,420	1,010
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	537,875	110,505	3,815	705
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	209,685	39,480	2,225	205
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	328,190	71,020	1,595	500
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	323,445	60,215	1,900	185
Refugees^Footnote 81	82,360	7,970	600	120
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	12,285	1,485	105	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	4,560,235	3,228,515	59,000	11,500
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	1,381,235	391,665	4,410	2,470
South Asian^Footnote 85	365,705	104,675	520	445
Chinese	508,480	104,825	520	555
Black	43,500	32,300	1,605	325
Filipino	145,025	57,865	75	220
Latin American	44,115	7,195	155	65
Arab	19,835	3,935	530	110
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	54,920	16,340	275	175
West Asian^Footnote 87	48,695	5,295	165	125
Korean	60,490	8,760	55	70
Japanese	41,230	20,750	100	105
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	8,765	5,475	205	70
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	40,465	24,260	205	205
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	3,179,000	2,836,850	54,590	9,035
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	4,560,235	3,228,510	59,000	11,505
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	287,000	5,750	1,385
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	208,195	3,005	770
Inuit	2,620	2,440	60	15
Métis	90,520	86,435	2,965	675
Other North American origins	922,690	874,750	22,340	3,915
Acadian	3,935	2,945	845	145
American	78,170	76,340	505	190
Canadian	866,530	821,185	21,055	3,590
New Brunswicker	60	50	10	0
Newfoundlander	1,875	1,865	0	10
Nova Scotian	180	180	0	0
Ontarian	130	115	10	0
Québécois	1,830	1,115	585	130
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	405	370	10	0
European origins	2,857,085	2,513,250	44,940	8,495
British Isles origins	1,926,045	1,899,440	9,595	4,730
Channel Islander	450	445	10	0
Cornish	610	610	0	0
English	1,203,540	1,190,345	3,865	2,485
Irish	675,130	665,855	4,490	1,910
Manx	1,810	1,790	0	0
Scottish	860,775	852,225	3,060	1,990
Welsh	113,905	112,815	260	240
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	122,700	120,485	510	380
French origins	388,815	336,760	38,925	5,270
Alsatian	210	190	10	0
Breton	110	20	75	0
Corsican	105	85	10	10
French	388,580	336,570	38,890	5,270
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,865	733,465	5,480	1,920
Austrian	48,515	41,745	245	135
Bavarian	220	170	0	0
Belgian	19,980	17,240	1,440	170
Dutch	213,670	185,825	665	410
Flemish	2,215	1,975	45	15
Frisian	850	545	0	0
German	603,265	532,285	2,515	1,150
Luxembourger	695	600	40	0
Swiss	31,390	24,950	1,065	245
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	905	840	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	330,225	645	660
Danish	58,205	52,960	125	165
Finnish	34,150	29,835	55	90
Icelandic	26,410	25,960	40	40
Norwegian	138,435	135,445	195	210
Swedish	110,030	105,890	195	195
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	15,080	14,495	85	40
Eastern European origins	569,265	471,655	2,055	1,325
Bulgarian	4,010	1,390	30	0
Byelorussian	2,765	1,225	0	0
Czech	23,375	16,485	90	65
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	7,970	7,270	40	0
Estonian	4,840	3,925	0	40
Hungarian	56,535	44,320	235	115
Latvian	4,935	4,010	15	25
Lithuanian	7,225	6,240	45	40
Moldovan	1,085	365	0	0
Polish	149,635	124,595	780	415
Romanian	31,250	21,260	160	95
Russian	131,060	103,185	420	255
Slovak	11,220	7,335	70	25
Ukrainian	229,200	209,180	485	525
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	3,560	3,075	0	0
Southern European origins	334,735	232,160	3,790	1,045
Albanian	1,925	570	15	10
Bosnian	3,290	900	10	0
Catalan	115	25	10	0
Croatian	23,845	14,770	80	65
Cypriot	440	325	0	0
Greek	24,460	16,745	190	120
Italian	166,095	132,655	2,250	550
Kosovar	280	70	0	0
Macedonian	1,205	665	0	0
Maltese	2,645	2,345	30	0
Montenegrin	715	150	0	0
Portuguese	41,765	26,500	285	115
Serbian	12,895	4,515	40	15
Sicilian	550	465	30	10
Slovenian	5,555	3,840	30	20
Spanish	64,475	34,465	1,055	265
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	7,080	5,780	55	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	395	235	0	0
Other European origins	34,700	28,210	460	180
Basque	840	535	20	15
Jewish	17,585	13,140	215	100
Roma (Gypsy)	800	605	0	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	965	585	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	14,720	13,470	225	60
Caribbean origins	25,010	22,800	415	155
Antiguan	220	215	0	10
Bahamian	255	255	0	0
Barbadian	1,870	1,855	10	10
Bermudan	335	320	0	0
Carib	70	65	0	0
Cuban	1,320	745	10	0
Dominican	740	295	10	0
Grenadian	380	370	0	10
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	0
Haitian	1,140	705	250	20
Jamaican	10,545	10,255	40	45
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	125	0	0
Martinican	30	10	15	0
Montserratan	20	25	0	0
Puerto Rican	570	475	0	10
St. Lucian	190	180	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,175	4,060	30	20
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	410	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	2,125	1,980	30	25
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	1,925	1,815	30	15
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	29,690	420	215
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,010	15	15
Arawak	90	85	0	0
Argentinian	2,030	1,040	40	0
Belizean	125	110	0	0
Bolivian	375	165	10	0
Brazilian	5,455	1,835	30	10
Chilean	5,695	2,960	55	15
Colombian	5,860	1,495	20	15
Costa Rican	810	405	0	10
Ecuadorian	1,040	405	10	0
Guatemalan	2,575	980	30	10
Guyanese	1,930	1,865	10	10
Hispanic	1,535	555	10	15
Honduran	1,440	560	0	10
Maya	930	330	10	0
Mexican	23,055	10,395	145	75
Nicaraguan	1,520	655	10	0
Panamanian	325	220	0	10
Paraguayan	895	585	0	0
Peruvian	3,910	1,395	15	10
Salvadorean	6,810	2,210	35	10
Uruguayan	410	200	10	0
Venezuelan	1,900	635	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	3,310	1,440	15	10
African origins	59,985	40,790	2,515	535
Central and West African origins	7,075	4,605	705	90
Akan	40	20	10	0
Angolan	90	35	10	0
Ashanti	85	50	0	0
Beninese	35	10	15	10
Burkinabe	45	25	10	0
Cameroonian	150	75	50	10
Chadian	70	55	10	0
Congolese	805	190	360	35
Edo	85	70	0	0
Ewe	55	25	0	0
Gabonese	10	0	10	0
Gambian	30	25	0	0
Ghanaian	1,600	1,175	10	10
Guinean	125	45	30	10
Ibo	275	210	0	0
Ivorian	105	30	65	0
Liberian	250	230	0	10
Malian	80	35	40	0
Malinké	10	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,615	2,045	15	15
Peulh	20	15	10	0
Senegalese	95	45	40	0
Sierra Leonean	125	95	0	0
Togolese	105	30	40	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	260	180	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	620	365	110	25
North African origins	9,835	4,085	980	180
Algerian	770	220	295	50
Berber	205	35	40	15
Coptic	150	60	0	0
Dinka	45	20	0	0
Egyptian	4,525	2,100	145	30
Libyan	420	110	15	0
Maure	150	80	0	0
Moroccan	2,005	820	365	60
Sudanese	1,225	565	0	10
Tunisian	505	145	75	20
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	220	60	60	10
Southern and East African origins	24,800	16,450	570	205
Afrikaner	710	455	10	10
Amhara	115	25	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	260	35	85	25
Burundian	220	35	65	15
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,055	395	0	0
Ethiopian	2,545	1,025	10	15
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	1,120	0	0
Malagasy	105	55	15	10
Mauritian	975	555	230	65
Oromo	140	20	0	0
Rwandan	420	150	90	15
Seychellois	25	20	0	0
Somali	2,290	835	0	0
South African	11,055	9,400	55	30
Tanzanian	490	325	0	0
Tigrian	210	55	0	0
Ugandan	770	535	0	0
Zambian	205	135	0	0
Zimbabwean	855	660	0	0
Zulu	75	75	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	1,845	1,275	30	15
Other African origins	19,210	16,180	375	115
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	2,660	2,390	40	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	16,740	13,905	360	105
Asian origins	1,312,445	369,085	2,880	2,210
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	27,105	975	390
Afghan	7,890	1,465	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	5,660	1,580	150	30
Armenian	3,720	1,570	120	30
Assyrian	545	165	0	0
Azerbaijani	990	115	0	0
Georgian	740	395	0	0
Hazara	55	0	0	0
Iranian	47,980	8,525	185	135
Iraqi	5,570	1,265	15	0
Israeli	2,655	1,515	50	20
Jordanian	780	265	0	0
Kazakh	385	45	0	0
Kurd	2,120	365	0	20
Kuwaiti	125	80	0	0
Kyrgyz	175	25	10	10
Lebanese	7,980	5,175	340	95
Palestinian	2,620	995	25	0
Pashtun	355	55	0	0
Saudi Arabian	980	195	0	10
Syrian	3,955	1,500	75	25
Tajik	255	50	0	0
Tatar	790	100	0	10
Turk	6,350	2,365	95	25
Turkmen	125	15	0	0
Uighur	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	275	35	0	0
Yemeni	300	90	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	2,635	1,000	25	10
South Asian origins	363,885	107,320	640	530
Bangladeshi	1,845	400	0	10
Bengali	845	240	0	0
Bhutanese	120	25	0	0
East Indian	309,315	91,515	575	445
Goan	485	465	0	0
Gujarati	700	300	0	0
Kashmiri	185	65	0	0
Nepali	1,495	455	0	0
Pakistani	12,580	4,460	40	10
Punjabi	38,725	7,325	0	35
Sinhalese	620	275	0	0
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,815	25	25
Tamil	1,230	495	10	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	8,245	2,750	20	10
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,350	239,805	1,310	1,300
Burmese	2,310	790	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,270	40	15
Chinese	540,155	129,115	705	720
Filipino	158,210	67,020	110	275
Hmong	130	35	0	0
Indonesian	6,625	3,485	10	0
Japanese	51,145	28,050	105	145
Karen	895	80	0	10
Korean	63,300	10,325	65	60
Laotian	2,530	1,190	40	10
Malaysian	5,060	3,130	0	10
Mongolian	1,495	775	20	10
Singaporean	1,050	865	0	0
Taiwanese	21,460	3,045	0	35
Thai	5,065	1,960	30	10
Tibetan	550	170	0	0
Vietnamese	41,440	12,160	270	155
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	780	340	0	10
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,175	10	10
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	2,500	1,175	0	10
Oceania origins	41,125	33,690	95	125
Australian	16,240	15,935	35	65
New Zealander	6,565	6,450	0	25
Pacific Islands origins	19,130	12,080	60	35
Fijian	14,140	7,555	30	10
Hawaiian	2,205	2,150	0	10
Maori	1,120	1,080	0	10
Samoan	490	400	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	600	515	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	905	635	25	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,585
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,635	394,710	7,550	1,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	1,138,560	823,815	12,735	2,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,448,550	34,960	4,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,985	264,660	6,505	700
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	142,935	106,810	2,980	305
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	196,045	157,845	3,520	395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	524,530	11,775	1,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,005	87,240	2,000	285
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	572,120	14,685	2,275
Bachelor's degree	622,675	376,335	7,840	1,445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	43,500	1,415	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,115	16,485	435	60
Master's degree	195,825	114,935	4,110	470
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	35,625	20,850	885	80
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	1,740,205	1,218,525	20,285	3,610
Education	144,100	109,670	3,120	365
13. Education	144,100	109,665	3,120	365
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	71,175	1,745	370
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	13,425	345	40
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	57,750	1,400	330
Humanities	124,600	76,910	2,310	360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	5,175	475	55
23. English language and literature/letters	34,705	23,965	310	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	18,830	575	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	590	455	30	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,705	5,005	150	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,280	9,395	120	15
54. History	15,780	12,025	240	40
55. French language and literature/letters	3,585	2,065	415	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	169,220	3,685	710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,115	2,660	95	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,185	15,490	465	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	26,635	535	65
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	28,515	530	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	4,330	3,290	80	30
42. Psychology	43,230	32,605	660	125
45. Social sciences	94,565	60,015	1,325	310
Business, management and public administration	426,460	269,865	6,570	705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	545	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,525	21,615	450	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	247,710	6,115	655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,420	52,010	1,485	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	24,315	570	95
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	10,515	255	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	830	410	25	0
40. Physical sciences	26,375	14,400	580	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	2,375	55	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,065	42,220	1,150	180
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	32,680	920	145
25. Library science	5,565	4,320	70	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,870	4,755	135	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	840	470	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,675	294,840	7,035	845
04. Architecture and related services	15,485	8,565	250	20
14. Engineering	98,450	38,855	1,510	160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,495	49,170	1,160	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	75	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,765	82,940	1,755	205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,715	77,880	1,580	195
48. Precision production	46,665	37,355	795	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	37,990	925	145
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	16,940	440	75
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	21,050	485	70
Health and related fields	322,710	231,025	4,255	785
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,745	19,205	375	105
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	206,895	3,735	660
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,325	4,925	150	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	93,395	2,665	290
12. Personal and culinary services	79,745	58,115	1,620	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	250	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	925	85	0
43. Security and protective services	13,935	11,665	350	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	22,445	595	85
Other	350	235	15	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	235	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	3,870,375	2,667,070	55,250	8,590
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	1,218,525	20,285	3,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	2,130,175	1,448,550	34,960	4,980
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	1,293,355	29,290	4,465
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	982,340	12,065	2,640
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	311,015	17,220	1,830
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	504,630	155,195	5,670	510
United States^Footnote 132	74,035	54,665	795	105
Philippines	56,845	10,680	15	0
India	44,110	5,970	10	15
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	58,830	49,395	335	115
China^Footnote 134	61,840	1,080	20	0
France	4,380	450	2,925	45
Other	204,585	32,950	1,570	225
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,590
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,749,745	34,230	5,755
Employed	2,305,690	1,631,205	31,810	5,295
Unemployed	165,980	118,540	2,415	460
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	917,325	21,020	2,830
Participation rate	63.9	65.6	62.0	67.0
Employment rate	59.6	61.2	57.6	61.6
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.8	7.1	8.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	3,870,375	2,667,075	55,245	8,585
Did not work^Footnote 137	1,290,235	827,425	19,355	2,550
Worked	2,580,140	1,839,650	35,890	6,035
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	1,183,405	867,400	16,340	2,415
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	1,396,735	972,245	19,555	3,620
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.0	41.8	40.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	2,670,700	1,898,460	36,935	6,260
a.Management	292,135	209,190	4,310	570
00 Senior management occupations	29,470	21,895	475	65
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	91,140	65,925	1,490	195
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	103,550	71,440	1,335	190
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	67,975	49,925	1,010	125
b.Professional	461,785	324,065	7,985	1,230
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	86,015	56,600	1,035	175
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	95,380	56,750	1,665	240
30 Professional occupations in nursing	43,495	32,395	350	100
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	38,815	26,500	710	110
40 Professional occupations in education services	91,500	69,415	2,450	310
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	69,895	54,450	1,030	185
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	36,680	27,955	735	110
c.Technical and paraprofessional	271,935	202,870	4,780	790
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	77,355	56,815	1,335	220
32 Technical occupations in health	46,720	32,785	530	105
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	57,855	41,380	750	155
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	19,495	16,840	810	60
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70,505	55,045	1,360	250
d.Administration and administrative support	320,540	236,155	3,950	645
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	126,560	94,020	1,945	265
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	33,735	25,020	365	50
14 Office support occupations	117,210	84,865	1,140	270
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	43,035	32,240	490	65
e.Sales	271,585	191,090	2,490	715
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	62,450	42,335	650	145
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	127,120	91,285	1,220	370
66 Sales support occupations	82,010	57,465	620	195
f.Personal and customer information services	502,650	329,290	6,380	1,350
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	45,095	28,995	365	85
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	56,525	39,100	795	135
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	95,170	57,025	1,320	245
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	144,330	97,925	2,135	560
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	161,525	106,245	1,770	320
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	211,515	166,225	3,155	400
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	143,180	110,770	2,280	305
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	68,340	55,455	875	105
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	179,130	130,605	2,155	325
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	43,425	31,595	420	70
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	98,775	70,335	1,260	175
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	36,935	28,675	475	70
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	75,130	56,945	1,015	150
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	18,805	15,920	285	40
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	24,630	16,520	270	25
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	31,695	24,505	465	85
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	84,295	52,015	720	85
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	14,420	11,440	145	15
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	26,700	16,325	280	30
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	13,305	7,655	125	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	29,865	16,600	170	35
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	2,670,700	1,898,455	36,935	6,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	74,915	53,890	1,005	145
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	43,460	26,890	480	65
113 Forestry and logging	18,430	16,815	310	55
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	5,200	3,830	40	15
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	7,820	6,355	175	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	28,635	25,550	475	60
211 Oil and gas extraction	6,490	5,740	130	10
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	11,130	10,045	180	35
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	11,015	9,755	160	15
22 Utilities	13,215	10,115	115	30
221 Utilities	13,215	10,115	120	30
23 Construction	217,700	166,425	3,225	445
236 Construction of buildings	68,150	50,870	1,105	130
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	22,120	18,945	325	35
238 Specialty trade contractors	127,430	96,610	1,795	285
31-33 Manufacturing	169,995	112,925	2,000	285
311 Food manufacturing	27,310	13,420	260	25
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	5,665	4,720	95	20
313 Textile mills	425	230	0	0
314 Textile product mills	1,180	630	10	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	3,205	980	15	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	240	135	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	27,650	22,420	280	40
322 Paper manufacturing	9,665	8,090	155	10
323 Printing and related support activities	6,220	4,030	85	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	1,335	1,085	25	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	6,345	3,925	65	35
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	5,585	3,235	40	10
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	6,945	5,045	85	20
331 Primary metal manufacturing	5,930	4,595	130	30
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	13,690	9,830	165	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	9,695	6,630	95	20
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	7,285	3,780	105	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	3,260	1,735	40	10
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	9,930	7,485	160	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	9,140	5,190	70	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	9,310	5,745	105	20
41 Wholesale trade	87,920	59,785	950	110
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	1,210	750	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	845	745	20	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	18,170	10,345	150	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	11,305	6,985	195	20
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	5,270	4,200	40	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	16,055	12,035	135	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	19,650	15,065	225	35
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	10,605	7,220	125	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	4,810	2,440	55	0
44-45 Retail trade	314,035	225,175	2,990	760
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	33,220	26,275	270	80
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	12,065	8,160	180	30
443 Electronics and appliance stores	12,010	7,880	130	30
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	20,450	16,700	220	55
445 Food and beverage stores	79,270	56,395	535	215
446 Health and personal care stores	31,280	20,155	225	60
447 Gasoline stations	9,025	6,485	60	15
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	37,885	24,795	465	110
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	15,410	12,520	225	45
452 General merchandise stores	32,055	23,145	305	75
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	19,980	15,130	205	15
454 Non-store retailers	11,395	7,530	170	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	138,250	93,485	2,065	250
481 Air transportation	12,810	9,055	475	90
482 Rail transportation	4,895	4,170	115	10
483 Water transportation	7,615	6,385	110	10
484 Truck transportation	35,815	22,620	395	30
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	20,525	12,130	270	30
486 Pipeline transportation	350	310	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	1,360	1,145	20	0
488 Support activities for transportation	26,515	18,900	340	40
491 Postal service	9,525	7,110	190	10
492 Couriers and messengers	9,665	5,840	100	10
493 Warehousing and storage	9,170	5,820	50	25
51 Information and cultural industries	72,745	53,185	1,295	225
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	14,670	10,095	260	40
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	24,550	19,350	590	105
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	3,935	2,960	140	0
517 Telecommunications	19,780	13,470	215	45
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	2,135	1,320	30	20
519 Other information services	7,665	5,990	65	20
52 Finance and insurance	100,265	65,785	1,050	200
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	10	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	44,915	28,360	385	100
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	19,720	12,925	165	55
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	35,160	24,205	495	50
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	460	285	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	60,725	39,885	705	100
531 Real estate	53,090	33,910	600	90
532 Rental and leasing services	7,435	5,830	105	15
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	195	140	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,380	146,750	3,095	550
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	214,385	146,755	3,095	550
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,680	3,475	55	10
551 Management of companies and enterprises	4,680	3,470	55	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	122,675	84,830	1,865	305
561 Administrative and support services	115,555	78,925	1,820	290
562 Waste management and remediation services	7,120	5,910	40	15
61 Educational services	192,025	143,235	4,205	640
611 Educational services	192,025	143,235	4,205	640
62 Health care and social assistance	292,360	208,935	3,460	680
621 Ambulatory health care services	107,750	77,380	1,300	215
622 Hospitals	82,675	60,665	900	200
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	43,775	29,180	480	90
624 Social assistance	58,165	41,710	775	175
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	68,090	54,740	1,025	225
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	23,035	18,920	375	90
712 Heritage institutions	4,825	4,100	100	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	40,220	31,725	555	120
72 Accommodation and food services	235,515	151,370	2,710	650
721 Accommodation services	40,930	27,680	760	100
722 Food services and drinking places	194,585	123,690	1,955	550
81 Other services (except public administration)	124,835	86,105	1,570	260
811 Repair and maintenance	35,980	26,815	450	45
812 Personal and laundry services	42,295	27,480	495	95
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	32,730	24,980	505	95
814 Private households	13,825	6,835	120	30
91 Public administration	137,730	112,825	3,070	325
911 Federal government public administration	53,300	41,300	2,130	140
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	33,750	28,350	385	115
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	44,475	37,935	510	55
914 Aboriginal public administration	5,735	5,075	40	10
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	460	165	10	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	2,305,690	1,631,205	31,810	5,295
Worked at home	196,510	140,340	3,230	420
Worked outside Canada	16,040	5,915	190	25
No fixed workplace address	326,180	234,820	4,845	820
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	1,250,135	23,550	4,030
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	2,670,700	1,898,455	36,935	6,255
English	2,531,850	1,886,520	32,470	5,715
French	6,135	2,380	2,925	135
Non-official language	84,505	2,370	55	10
Aboriginal	255	105	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	84,250	2,265	45	10
English and French	4,205	1,525	1,365	350
English and non-official language	43,480	5,535	60	30
French and non-official language	55	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	465	115	55	25
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	2,670,700	1,898,455	36,940	6,260
None	2,498,070	1,867,475	26,680	5,435
English	36,505	2,875	2,095	95
French	22,470	11,785	7,705	600
Non-official language	110,370	15,360	230	90
Aboriginal	1,860	1,345	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	14,020	220	85
English and French	55	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,155	30	25	10
French and non-official language	2,070	935	195	40
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	1,250,135	23,550	4,030
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,415	620,215	11,825	2,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	552,515	10,255	1,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	67,150	1,150	210
Commute to a different province or territory	12,960	10,255	320	65
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	2,093,145	1,484,955	28,395	4,850
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	1,083,175	18,740	2,885
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	76,080	1,195	230
Public transit	274,210	152,375	3,695	880
Walked	142,315	104,425	2,390	485
Bicycle	51,345	41,730	1,600	240
Other method	35,110	27,165	785	135
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	2,093,140	1,484,955	28,395	4,850
Less than 15 minutes	601,955	478,015	8,350	1,315
15 to 29 minutes	689,515	491,475	9,470	1,715
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	270,675	5,450	950
45 to 59 minutes	184,685	118,785	2,505	405
60 minutes and over	191,305	126,000	2,615	465
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	2,093,145	1,484,955	28,395	4,850
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,365	105,380	1,925	275
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	254,005	4,970	660
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	392,210	8,215	1,275
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,205	330,310	6,615	1,065
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	180,060	3,360	665
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	222,995	3,310	905
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	4,516,810	3,193,270	58,760	11,225
Non-movers	3,811,370	2,713,105	48,225	9,010
Movers	705,440	480,165	10,535	2,215
Non-migrants	386,620	271,350	4,805	1,150
Migrants	318,820	208,820	5,735	1,070
Internal migrants	249,960	189,545	4,820	920
Intraprovincial migrants	188,220	143,235	2,350	535
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	46,310	2,465	380
External migrants	68,860	19,270	915	150
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	4,339,960	3,050,290	57,760	10,625
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,793,580	30,785	5,365
Movers	1,849,420	1,256,710	26,975	5,255
Non-migrants	940,895	670,080	11,325	2,565
Migrants	908,530	586,635	15,655	2,685
Internal migrants	672,805	526,125	13,240	2,310
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	393,195	6,190	1,330
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	132,935	7,045	980
External migrants	235,730	60,505	2,410	370

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – British Columbia / Colombie-Britannique

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 6.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.