Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Richmond, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	196,660	71,740	1,050	380
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	196,660	71,740	1,050	380
0 to 14 years	27,220	15,345	45	105
0 to 4 years	8,875	4,470	15	15
5 to 9 years	8,965	5,220	10	50
10 to 14 years	9,380	5,660	10	40
15 to 64 years	137,035	45,385	710	245
15 to 19 years	11,520	5,645	30	65
20 to 24 years	13,770	5,565	25	35
25 to 29 years	13,850	4,715	60	35
30 to 34 years	12,815	3,960	85	25
35 to 39 years	11,650	3,670	60	15
40 to 44 years	12,210	3,730	65	15
45 to 49 years	14,875	4,150	90	15
50 to 54 years	16,570	4,495	105	10
55 to 59 years	15,760	4,850	80	0
60 to 64 years	14,010	4,610	100	20
65 years and over	32,410	11,005	295	30
65 to 69 years	11,910	4,010	90	10
70 to 74 years	7,470	2,800	70	10
75 to 79 years	5,620	1,765	35	10
80 to 84 years	4,125	1,315	40	0
85 years and over	3,295	1,115	65	0
85 to 89 years	2,275	770	45	0
90 to 94 years	800	290	15	0
95 to 99 years	185	50	0	0
100 years and over	25	0	0	0
Average age	41.9	37.9	51.9	28.7
Median age	43.3	35.9	52.8	20.9
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	169,445	56,390	1,005	275
Married or living common law	101,265	27,765	565	95
Married	94,005	24,030	440	70
Living common law	7,260	3,735	130	25
Not married and not living common law	68,180	28,625	435	175
Never married	47,780	21,160	210	150
Separated	3,405	1,235	45	0
Divorced	9,740	3,815	105	20
Widowed	7,255	2,415	75	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	169,445	56,395	1,010	275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	161,920	53,575	990	230
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,039	48,340	51,282	46,622
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,591	37,793	41,614	39,438
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	162,260	53,615	995	230
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,071	40,097	42,101	39,515
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	23,948	33,418	36,359	37,390
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	143,990	50,040	935	220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,294	46,949	47,614	46,114
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,882	35,163	36,420	40,472
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	117,775	36,350	690	175
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,481	6,615	9,080	3,352
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	1,584	2,828	8,812	876
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,235	41,950	720	190
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,120	44,825	48,482	43,533
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,484	35,129	37,986	40,467
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.5	90.7	87.2	92.5
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	73.8	72.6	67.9	77.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	10.5	9.3	12.3	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	169,445	56,390	1,005	275
Without total income	7,520	2,815	15	45
With total income	161,920	53,575	990	225
Percentage with total income	95.6	95.0	98.5	81.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35,880	8,640	115	35
$10,000 to $19,999	32,275	7,920	120	40
$20,000 to $29,999	20,720	6,015	140	30
$30,000 to $39,999	16,890	5,560	95	10
$40,000 to $49,999	13,985	5,605	130	10
$50,000 to $59,999	10,755	4,545	50	25
$60,000 to $69,999	7,665	3,580	95	10
$70,000 to $79,999	6,390	3,185	80	15
$80,000 to $89,999	4,605	2,345	35	10
$90,000 to $99,999	3,195	1,550	25	15
$100,000 and over	9,565	4,635	95	20
$100,000 to $149,999	6,440	2,945	50	15
$150,000 and over	3,120	1,695	40	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	169,440	56,390	1,005	270
Without after-tax income	7,180	2,770	10	45
With after-tax income	162,265	53,620	995	230
Percentage with after-tax income	95.8	95.1	99.0	85.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	37,135	8,910	135	40
$10,000 to $19,999	33,560	8,380	120	40
$20,000 to $29,999	23,915	7,220	160	30
$30,000 to $39,999	19,510	6,870	140	10
$40,000 to $49,999	15,005	6,365	90	25
$50,000 to $59,999	10,705	4,900	130	30
$60,000 to $69,999	7,355	3,675	80	0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,960	2,440	40	25
$80,000 and over	10,120	4,855	95	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,225	1,405	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	885	15	0
$100,000 and over	4,895	2,565	60	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	169,445	56,390	1,005	275
Without employment income	56,215	14,440	285	85
With employment income	113,230	41,950	715	190
Percentage with employment income	66.8	74.4	71.1	69.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	16,730	6,950	145	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	9,810	3,300	25	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	17,160	5,040	70	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	13,410	3,675	80	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	12,520	4,050	55	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	10,750	3,980	60	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	8,100	3,165	30	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915	2,695	80	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	5,305	2,575	45	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	13,530	6,515	120	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	3,585	1,765	15	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	2,635	1,275	40	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	7,305	3,480	65	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	169,445	56,395	1,005	275
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	46,015	18,170	325	75
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	51,059	59,080	65,225	53,076
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,759	68,423	73,894	61,745
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	196,665	71,740	1,050	375
English only	165,000	65,965	110	75
French only	60	0	10	0
English and French	9,580	5,455	920	300
Neither English nor French	22,030	315	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	196,660	71,740	1,050	375
English	89,735	63,060	715	240
French	260	25	210	0
Non-official language	87,290	3,115	50	30
Aboriginal	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	87,280	3,110	50	35
English and French	195	60	60	60
English and non-official language	19,005	5,415	10	20
French and non-official language	30	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	140	55	10	25
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	196,665	71,735	1,050	375
None	139,495	63,160	680	265
English	29,455	1,770	130	15
French	905	555	180	45
Non-official language	25,915	6,130	35	30
Aboriginal	25	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25,890	6,125	40	30
English and French	105	10	15	0
English and non-official language	650	50	0	0
French and non-official language	140	60	15	20
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	196,660	71,735	1,045	380
English	172,600	71,735	110	275
French	1,015	0	935	0
English and French	1,340	0	0	100
Neither English nor French	21,710	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	1,685	0	935	55
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	0.9	0.0	89.5	14.5
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	196,665	71,735	1,050	375
Official languages	174,630	71,420	1,045	375
English	174,575	71,415	1,035	380
French	9,635	5,460	935	300
Non-official languages	142,100	20,225	285	175
Aboriginal languages	40	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	142,065	20,210	280	175
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	196,660	71,735	1,050	380
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	1,595	1,500	40	10
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	1,555	1,455	35	10
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	915	855	10	0
Métis	615	580	30	10
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	10	10	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	30	30	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	195,065	70,245	1,010	370
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	196,665	71,735	1,045	375
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	660	635	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	196,000	71,110	1,050	380
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	196,660	71,740	1,050	380
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	330	315	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	330	305	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	275	260	0	0
Métis single ancestry	45	50	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	1,715	1,585	65	20
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	1,615	1,485	70	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,105	1,010	60	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	500	470	10	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	95	95	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	90	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	194,620	69,845	980	360
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	196,660	71,740	1,050	380
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	162,450	68,150	975	365
Canadian citizens only	147,970	65,185	890	330
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	14,485	2,965	90	35
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	34,215	3,590	70	15
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	196,660	71,735	1,050	380
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	71,855	54,380	735	280
Immigrants^Footnote 44	118,305	16,735	305	85
Before 1981	17,140	5,005	105	25
1981 to 1990	13,900	2,175	50	10
1991 to 2000	39,180	4,015	50	25
2001 to 2010	32,840	3,945	80	25
2001 to 2005	15,260	1,780	55	15
2006 to 2010	17,575	2,160	25	10
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	15,245	1,595	20	10
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	6,510	620	0	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	118,300	16,735	305	90
Under 5 years	8,435	3,035	30	50
5 to 14 years	18,545	3,810	55	10
15 to 24 years	20,705	3,150	60	10
25 to 44 years	52,920	5,620	140	15
45 years and over	17,700	1,125	20	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	118,300	16,735	305	90
Americas	3,850	1,685	30	15
Brazil	150	20	0	0
Colombia	105	10	0	0
El Salvador	145	0	0	0
Guyana	40	30	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	110	0	0
Mexico	430	20	10	0
Peru	280	15	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	190	180	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	1,480	1,110	20	15
Other places of birth in Americas	910	175	0	0
Europe	8,405	3,105	140	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	10	0	0
Croatia	135	0	0	0
France	125	15	100	0
Germany	725	100	0	10
Greece	155	15	0	0
Hungary	105	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	160	160	0	0
Italy	200	10	0	0
Netherlands	300	45	0	0
Poland	340	45	0	0
Portugal	170	10	0	0
Romania	285	10	0	0
Russian Federation	985	50	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	155	0	0	0
Ukraine	650	30	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	2,765	2,550	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	60	40	0
Africa	2,325	1,110	80	10
Algeria	65	0	40	0
Egypt	220	50	0	0
Ethiopia	50	10	0	0
Kenya	425	225	0	0
Morocco	50	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	40	0	0
Somalia	135	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	500	455	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	825	315	30	0
Asia	102,470	10,350	50	45
Afghanistan	180	10	0	0
Bangladesh	105	20	0	0
China^Footnote 53	42,755	1,675	25	10
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	23,185	1,865	0	0
India	5,085	1,020	0	0
Iran^Footnote 55	745	50	10	0
Iraq	415	95	0	0
Japan	1,345	70	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	945	60	0	0
Lebanon	100	15	0	0
Pakistan	1,035	165	0	10
Philippines	12,985	3,485	10	10
Sri Lanka	300	105	0	0
Syria^Footnote 57	135	10	0	0
Taiwan	7,530	370	0	0
Viet Nam	1,045	110	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	4,590	1,215	0	15
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	1,245	490	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	15,245	1,590	20	0
Americas	425	120	0	0
Brazil	40	0	0	0
Colombia	20	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0
Mexico	75	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	185	110	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	0	0	0
Europe	420	80	15	0
France	15	0	15	0
Germany	35	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	35	35	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	10	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	150	10	0	0
Ukraine	70	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	35	35	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	0	0	0
Africa	175	80	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	50	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0
Somalia	20	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	35	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	0	0
Asia	14,170	1,285	0	0
Afghanistan	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	15	0	0
China^Footnote 65	8,945	325	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	490	75	0	0
India	570	140	0	0
Iran^Footnote 67	80	10	0	0
Iraq	120	30	0	0
Israel	45	0	0	0
Japan	190	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	170	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	265	10	0	0
Philippines	2,135	540	0	0
Saudi Arabia	50	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	95	10	0	0
Taiwan	470	20	0	0
Turkey	15	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0
Viet Nam	65	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	380	85	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	60	35	0	0
Australia	25	20	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	40	10	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	196,660	71,735	1,050	380
First generation^Footnote 73	125,990	17,985	320	115
Second generation^Footnote 74	44,020	28,180	160	170
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	26,655	25,570	570	100
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	102,335	11,965	200	65
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	71,885	8,820	115	45
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	24,905	2,290	45	0
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	46,975	6,530	70	35
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	24,460	2,705	55	20
Refugees^Footnote 81	3,465	285	25	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	2,525	160	10	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	196,665	71,735	1,050	380
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	150,015	34,070	190	205
South Asian^Footnote 85	14,360	5,600	10	15
Chinese	104,190	15,565	80	130
Black	1,275	960	30	0
Filipino	13,570	5,385	0	10
Latin American	1,580	200	15	0
Arab	1,480	325	25	10
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	1,955	795	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 87	1,225	245	10	0
Korean	1,290	215	0	0
Japanese	3,940	1,865	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	395	240	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	4,760	2,670	0	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	46,645	37,665	860	175
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	196,665	71,735	1,045	375
North American Aboriginal origins	2,040	1,895	65	15
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,475	1,370	60	10
Inuit	20	15	0	0
Métis	640	610	10	0
Other North American origins	14,455	12,555	320	70
Acadian	35	40	0	0
American	1,400	1,305	15	10
Canadian	13,545	11,750	305	65
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	20	20	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0
Québécois	30	15	15	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	15	0	0	0
European origins	49,925	39,125	690	230
British Isles origins	29,380	28,395	115	115
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0
English	18,010	17,380	45	55
Irish	9,960	9,770	60	30
Manx	75	80	0	0
Scottish	12,990	12,760	40	50
Welsh	1,670	1,640	0	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	2,085	2,025	0	10
French origins	5,450	4,415	560	125
Alsatian	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	10	10	0	0
French	5,450	4,415	565	120
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,845	9,640	105	50
Austrian	855	735	0	0
Bavarian	10	10	0	0
Belgian	345	265	40	0
Dutch	2,935	2,400	15	0
Flemish	40	30	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0
German	8,525	6,945	35	40
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0
Swiss	320	240	20	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	20	20	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,525	4,220	0	10
Danish	1,010	845	0	0
Finnish	470	420	0	0
Icelandic	405	400	0	0
Norwegian	1,395	1,365	0	0
Swedish	1,435	1,375	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	195	185	0	0
Eastern European origins	11,455	7,765	35	50
Bulgarian	110	30	0	0
Byelorussian	185	80	0	0
Czech	405	240	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	110	90	0	0
Estonian	95	80	0	0
Hungarian	920	685	10	0
Latvian	90	60	0	0
Lithuanian	185	165	0	0
Moldovan	25	0	0	0
Polish	2,855	2,135	10	25
Romanian	755	415	10	0
Russian	3,535	1,790	0	10
Slovak	130	80	0	0
Ukrainian	4,335	3,340	10	15
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	250	210	0	0
Southern European origins	8,990	5,170	50	50
Albanian	85	10	0	0
Bosnian	55	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	635	360	0	10
Cypriot	30	20	0	0
Greek	775	435	0	0
Italian	2,275	1,640	35	25
Kosovar	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	10	0	0
Maltese	40	25	0	0
Montenegrin	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,350	840	0	10
Serbian	420	150	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	70	40	0	0
Spanish	3,730	1,765	25	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	150	105	10	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,365	715	0	10
Basque	15	0	0	0
Jewish	1,065	495	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	15	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	25	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	255	215	0	10
Caribbean origins	870	775	10	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	15	0	0
Barbadian	85	85	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0
Carib	10	10	0	0
Cuban	45	20	0	0
Dominican	35	15	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	25	0	0
Jamaican	300	275	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	10	0	0
Martinican	0	0	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210	205	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	40	40	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	95	90	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,305	740	15	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	90	25	0	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0
Argentinian	60	10	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	145	35	0	0
Chilean	185	85	0	0
Colombian	95	20	0	0
Costa Rican	45	30	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	10	0	0
Guatemalan	75	10	0	0
Guyanese	50	40	0	0
Hispanic	75	45	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0
Maya	10	0	0	0
Mexican	750	230	10	0
Nicaraguan	100	15	0	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0
Peruvian	300	60	10	0
Salvadorean	160	60	10	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	90	35	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	120	15	0	0
African origins	2,005	1,185	55	15
Central and West African origins	190	140	10	0
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	50	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0
Liberian	15	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	85	70	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	25	10	10	0
North African origins	500	150	30	0
Algerian	10	10	0	0
Berber	35	25	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	260	65	0	0
Libyan	55	15	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	75	25	0	0
Sudanese	20	10	0	0
Tunisian	15	15	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	30	0	10	0
Southern and East African origins	790	470	0	10
Afrikaner	15	15	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	10	0	0
Ethiopian	65	20	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	85	55	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	40	25	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	15	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	200	50	0	0
South African	220	185	0	10
Tanzanian	0	10	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	120	80	0	0
Other African origins	590	465	15	0
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	95	90	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	495	370	15	0
Asian origins	147,045	32,790	175	200
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,975	1,170	55	0
Afghan	330	115	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	375	90	15	0
Armenian	135	45	0	0
Assyrian	15	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	85	0	0	0
Georgian	30	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,075	275	25	0
Iraqi	500	170	0	0
Israeli	305	135	0	0
Jordanian	70	25	0	0
Kazakh	20	0	0	0
Kurd	45	20	0	0
Kuwaiti	10	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	185	80	10	10
Palestinian	290	105	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	30	15	0	0
Syrian	195	45	10	0
Tajik	10	0	0	0
Tatar	35	0	0	0
Turk	435	80	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	55	30	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	150	60	0	0
South Asian origins	14,480	5,845	15	25
Bangladeshi	60	0	0	0
Bengali	40	20	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	12,340	5,105	15	20
Goan	80	75	0	0
Gujarati	45	10	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	0
Pakistani	985	325	0	0
Punjabi	875	200	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	410	210	0	0
Tamil	85	40	0	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	345	100	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	129,100	26,230	110	170
Burmese	120	30	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	105	55	10	0
Chinese	107,080	18,225	85	140
Filipino	15,475	6,555	10	25
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	345	190	0	0
Japanese	4,925	2,565	20	25
Karen	10	0	0	0
Korean	1,590	355	0	0
Laotian	35	15	0	0
Malaysian	420	225	0	0
Mongolian	90	30	0	0
Singaporean	160	135	0	0
Taiwanese	3,290	395	0	10
Thai	225	80	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	0	0
Vietnamese	1,355	535	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	55	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	115	30	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	110	30	0	10
Oceania origins	1,065	755	0	0
Australian	260	240	0	0
New Zealander	95	85	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	755	460	0	0
Fijian	545	310	0	0
Hawaiian	65	55	0	0
Maori	25	25	0	0
Samoan	35	25	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	50	45	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	75	40	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	169,440	56,390	1,005	275
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,470	6,520	115	50
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	50,715	18,335	225	100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	96,260	31,535	665	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,655	3,530	105	10
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	3,890	1,630	55	10
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	3,765	1,895	45	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	25,060	9,915	235	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,510	1,985	40	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	56,035	16,105	290	80
Bachelor's degree	39,835	11,390	195	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,540	1,400	15	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,300	350	0	10
Master's degree	9,920	2,580	55	10
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	1,430	390	25	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	169,445	56,395	1,010	275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	73,185	24,855	345	150
Education	5,115	2,520	30	0
13. Education	5,115	2,525	30	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,030	1,550	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	645	405	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	3,385	1,140	20	10
Humanities	6,305	1,960	100	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,340	145	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	1,600	580	20	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,010	670	45	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	10	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	100	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	105	0	0
54. History	655	310	10	0
55. French language and literature/letters	165	40	20	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,575	4,405	65	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	255	60	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,195	430	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,425	470	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	1,705	695	15	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	175	105	0	0
42. Psychology	2,145	925	25	10
45. Social sciences	5,670	1,725	15	10
Business, management and public administration	26,775	7,595	140	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	210	10	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	26,270	7,375	130	35
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,610	1,270	25	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,625	540	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,155	350	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	90	45	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,620	300	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	35	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,635	1,335	20	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,510	1,075	15	10
25. Library science	215	105	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	820	135	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	80	15	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	16,155	4,980	140	20
04. Architecture and related services	770	210	10	0
14. Engineering	7,870	1,285	50	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,525	1,020	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	10	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,765	905	40	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,390	1,135	25	0
48. Precision production	830	415	10	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,105	315	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	710	210	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	395	105	0	0
Health and related fields	10,535	4,185	70	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	780	450	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	9,435	3,650	60	0
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	320	85	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,425	1,420	40	10
12. Personal and culinary services	2,440	885	15	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	295	185	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	670	345	20	0
Other	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	169,440	56,390	1,005	275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,180	24,855	340	150
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	96,260	31,540	665	130
Location of study inside Canada	54,490	25,760	530	110
Same as province or territory of residence	45,555	21,540	255	70
Different than province or territory of residence	8,935	4,220	275	40
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	41,765	5,775	130	20
United States^Footnote 132	3,525	1,200	30	10
Philippines	6,820	1,520	0	0
India	1,460	405	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	2,100	955	10	0
China^Footnote 134	13,460	265	10	0
France	145	30	50	0
Other	14,245	1,400	35	10
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	169,445	56,390	1,005	270
In the labour force	102,730	37,005	630	185
Employed	96,715	35,085	605	180
Unemployed	6,015	1,920	25	0
Not in the labour force	66,715	19,385	375	80
Participation rate	60.6	65.6	62.7	68.5
Employment rate	57.1	62.2	60.2	66.7
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.2	4.0	0.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	169,440	56,390	1,005	270
Did not work^Footnote 137	64,160	17,720	320	90
Worked	105,285	38,670	685	180
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	47,345	18,570	340	70
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	57,935	20,100	345	110
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.2	42.3	40.2
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	109,715	39,995	690	190
a.Management	13,200	4,380	105	15
00 Senior management occupations	1,220	445	20	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	4,560	1,685	25	10
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	5,010	1,410	30	10
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,420	835	20	0
b.Professional	20,265	7,685	115	25
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	5,435	1,640	20	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	5,300	1,400	45	0
30 Professional occupations in nursing	1,300	620	0	0
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,270	470	0	0
40 Professional occupations in education services	3,060	1,695	10	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,515	1,290	15	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	1,380	570	25	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	10,100	4,250	45	30
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	3,110	1,300	20	10
32 Technical occupations in health	1,665	610	0	0
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,470	910	10	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	370	270	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,485	1,160	15	15
d.Administration and administrative support	15,770	6,300	65	30
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	6,020	2,555	35	10
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	1,500	540	0	10
14 Office support occupations	6,415	2,425	30	15
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	1,840	775	10	10
e.Sales	14,620	4,660	50	35
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	3,830	1,045	20	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	7,395	2,570	25	15
66 Sales support occupations	3,395	1,045	10	15
f.Personal and customer information services	21,690	7,185	145	50
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	1,215	365	0	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,655	590	15	0
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	4,400	1,230	10	0
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	8,345	3,030	90	40
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	6,075	1,975	30	10
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,715	2,150	85	0
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,940	1,335	65	0
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,775	820	15	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	5,325	2,180	55	0
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	1,935	795	15	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,670	1,020	30	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	715	365	10	0
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,045	495	15	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	230	95	10	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	225	100	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	585	305	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,990	700	20	0
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	275	110	0	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	1,030	220	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	535	120	10	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	1,145	250	10	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	109,715	39,990	695	190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	735	275	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	520	175	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	35	10	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	125	70	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	50	25	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	295	125	10	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	70	25	10	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	75	40	0	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	150	60	0	0
22 Utilities	420	175	0	0
221 Utilities	420	175	10	0
23 Construction	5,375	2,170	70	0
236 Construction of buildings	2,180	840	25	0
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	355	130	0	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,840	1,200	45	0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,990	2,050	55	0
311 Food manufacturing	1,575	335	15	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	130	75	0	0
313 Textile mills	20	10	0	0
314 Textile product mills	95	25	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	275	25	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	235	100	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	270	140	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	370	110	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	25	10	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	395	110	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	255	75	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	190	100	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	130	40	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	350	155	0	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	620	195	0	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	495	105	10	10
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	170	40	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	450	150	10	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	455	130	10	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	490	120	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	5,550	1,650	35	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	80	25	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	15	10	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	1,445	310	10	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	995	295	10	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	165	55	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	650	195	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	995	450	10	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	660	200	10	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	545	115	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	15,270	5,255	55	40
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,485	595	0	0
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	855	250	0	0
443 Electronics and appliance stores	755	245	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	525	225	10	0
445 Food and beverage stores	3,455	965	0	15
446 Health and personal care stores	1,920	585	10	10
447 Gasoline stations	195	85	0	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	2,870	1,090	10	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	605	325	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	1,095	520	10	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	825	250	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	685	125	10	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,150	3,075	115	35
481 Air transportation	1,645	800	65	25
482 Rail transportation	65	35	0	0
483 Water transportation	195	100	0	0
484 Truck transportation	695	310	15	0
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	845	340	10	10
486 Pipeline transportation	10	10	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	55	30	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	1,685	655	15	0
491 Postal service	385	190	0	0
492 Couriers and messengers	955	395	10	0
493 Warehousing and storage	610	220	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,940	1,135	25	10
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	755	225	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	555	310	10	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	230	60	10	0
517 Telecommunications	995	390	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	145	50	0	0
519 Other information services	265	105	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	7,030	2,225	25	10
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	3,125	865	0	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	1,370	330	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	2,495	1,025	20	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	40	10	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,775	1,040	25	10
531 Real estate	3,445	910	30	0
532 Rental and leasing services	315	115	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	20	15	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,740	3,715	70	10
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	10,740	3,720	70	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	175	40	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	175	40	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,805	1,620	25	15
561 Administrative and support services	4,635	1,545	25	15
562 Waste management and remediation services	175	80	0	0
61 Educational services	7,290	3,505	35	10
611 Educational services	7,295	3,505	30	10
62 Health care and social assistance	9,230	3,645	35	15
621 Ambulatory health care services	3,730	1,450	10	10
622 Hospitals	2,235	1,055	10	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,025	325	10	10
624 Social assistance	2,245	810	10	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,515	1,180	35	0
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	695	380	15	0
712 Heritage institutions	90	45	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	1,730	760	20	10
72 Accommodation and food services	11,330	3,645	35	20
721 Accommodation services	1,390	470	0	0
722 Food services and drinking places	9,940	3,175	35	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,695	1,520	20	10
811 Repair and maintenance	1,145	375	10	0
812 Personal and laundry services	1,715	420	0	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,230	595	0	0
814 Private households	610	130	0	0
91 Public administration	3,380	1,940	30	10
911 Federal government public administration	1,385	600	10	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	590	315	0	10
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,345	1,000	20	0
914 Aboriginal public administration	15	10	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	50	20	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	96,715	35,085	605	180
Worked at home	8,330	2,665	95	10
Worked outside Canada	2,125	295	0	0
No fixed workplace address	9,575	3,415	110	20
Worked at usual place	76,680	28,710	405	155
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	109,715	39,990	690	190
English	89,175	38,870	640	155
French	125	65	20	0
Non-official language	13,920	340	10	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,920	340	0	0
English and French	175	55	20	25
English and non-official language	6,255	665	10	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	60	0	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	109,715	39,995	695	190
None	89,480	38,230	540	155
English	5,365	210	15	0
French	555	285	120	20
Non-official language	13,845	1,235	10	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	13,845	1,235	10	15
English and French	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	365	10	0	0
French and non-official language	95	25	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	76,680	28,710	405	150
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	43,435	15,765	195	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	32,550	12,690	195	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	390	150	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	305	105	0	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	86,255	32,125	515	170
Car, truck, van - as a driver	58,650	22,345	370	105
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,360	1,770	15	0
Public transit	16,460	5,655	90	55
Walked	3,745	1,215	15	10
Bicycle	1,150	695	10	10
Other method	890	440	10	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	86,255	32,125	510	170
Less than 15 minutes	18,280	7,775	115	45
15 to 29 minutes	30,305	10,375	165	45
30 to 44 minutes	21,285	7,580	130	40
45 to 59 minutes	9,565	3,860	50	20
60 minutes and over	6,815	2,535	60	15
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	86,255	32,120	510	170
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,660	1,755	45	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,070	4,865	75	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	19,575	8,755	105	60
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	21,340	6,825	115	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	18,405	4,735	95	40
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,200	5,190	70	30
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	195,000	70,875	1,045	380
Non-movers	164,860	62,460	895	335
Movers	30,140	8,415	155	45
Non-migrants	18,085	5,255	65	25
Migrants	12,050	3,160	90	20
Internal migrants	6,630	2,420	85	25
Intraprovincial migrants	5,335	1,960	35	20
Interprovincial migrants	1,295	460	50	10
External migrants	5,420	740	0	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	187,785	67,270	1,035	360
Non-movers	110,460	44,540	585	215
Movers	77,325	22,725	445	145
Non-migrants	43,240	14,260	205	85
Migrants	34,090	8,460	240	65
Internal migrants	15,355	6,070	210	60
Intraprovincial migrants	12,245	4,855	100	45
Interprovincial migrants	3,110	1,215	105	15
External migrants	18,740	2,390	30	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Richmond, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 4.3%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.