Low-income Indicators (4), Individual Low-income Status (6), Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 (23A) and Work Activity During the Reference Year (9) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Work activity during the reference year (9): Total - Work activity during the reference year
• Low-income indicators (4): Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)

This table details low-income indicators , individual low-income status , industry - north american industry classification system 2012 and work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada

Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 (23A)	Individual low-income status (6)
	Total - Individual low-income status^Footnote 3	Low-income status - not applicable^Footnote 4	Low-income status - applicable	In low income	Not in low income	Prevalence of low income (%)^Footnote 5
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012^Footnote 6	28,643,015	354,425	28,288,590	3,824,495	24,464,090	13.5
Industry - not applicable^Footnote 7	8,686,760	148,295	8,538,470	2,041,785	6,496,685	23.9
All industries^Footnote 8	19,956,255	206,130	19,750,120	1,782,710	17,967,410	9.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	502,550	8,000	494,555	66,680	427,875	13.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	292,615	5,890	286,730	7,895	278,835	2.8
22 Utilities	144,940	2,610	142,330	2,585	139,745	1.8
23 Construction	1,478,500	19,005	1,459,495	143,295	1,316,195	9.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,702,230	5,135	1,697,095	101,685	1,595,410	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	706,370	1,970	704,395	42,165	662,225	6.0
44-45 Retail trade	2,331,435	19,220	2,312,215	255,830	2,056,385	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	941,110	8,425	932,685	85,685	847,000	9.2
51 Information and cultural industries	452,545	2,275	450,270	33,425	416,845	7.4
52 Finance and insurance	835,655	1,830	833,825	38,055	795,770	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	364,435	2,475	361,955	39,450	322,510	10.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,445,505	5,585	1,439,920	119,630	1,320,290	8.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30,960	90	30,870	1,190	29,680	3.9
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	902,055	9,150	892,910	144,655	748,250	16.2
61 Educational services	1,482,650	21,805	1,460,840	94,315	1,366,520	6.5
62 Health care and social assistance	2,293,065	28,700	2,264,360	147,380	2,116,980	6.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	455,075	5,925	449,150	57,070	392,080	12.7
72 Accommodation and food services	1,459,300	12,005	1,447,295	250,100	1,197,195	17.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	898,175	6,225	891,945	117,840	774,110	13.2
91 Public administration	1,237,095	39,825	1,197,280	33,770	1,163,510	2.8

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 2

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Footnote 3

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 4

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Footnote 5

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 6

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 7

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked for pay or self-employment or last worked for pay or self-employment prior to 2015.

Footnote 8

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who have worked at some point in time between January 2015 and May 2016.

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016297.