Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Visible minority (15): Total - Visible minority
• Age (15A): Total - Age

This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Canada

Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,485
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	24,835,365	12,334,625	12,500,740
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	7,260,830	3,638,630	3,622,195
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)	14,392,350	7,384,025	7,008,320
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	3,182,185	1,311,970	1,870,220
Persons in multigenerational households^Footnote 2	2,183,380	1,000,820	1,182,565
Persons in other census family households^Footnote 3	2,142,275	1,058,755	1,083,520
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,331,285	744,155	587,125
Persons living alone (one-person households)	3,967,765	1,833,225	2,134,545
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
Married or living common law	16,733,345	8,363,785	8,369,560
Married	13,223,980	6,605,435	6,618,540
Living common law	3,509,370	1,758,345	1,751,020
Not married and not living common law	11,909,675	5,626,650	6,283,025
Never married	8,082,625	4,346,250	3,736,375
Separated	696,915	295,650	401,265
Divorced	1,760,515	696,880	1,063,635
Widowed	1,369,620	287,865	1,081,750
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,040
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,195	15,051,600
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,560	2,256,435
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,755	1,330,760
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,675
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,625
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 6	32,568,565	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,640	10,232,115
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,950	2,891,230
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,675
External migrants	1,381,455	682,620	698,835
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 7	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
English	25,813,355	12,764,125	13,049,230
French	7,603,935	3,744,420	3,859,520
English and French	412,625	206,885	205,740
Neither English nor French	630,150	256,150	373,995
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 8	7,810,245	3,847,860	3,962,385
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 9	22.7	22.7	22.7
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 10	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
English	19,349,065	9,630,055	9,719,005
French	7,065,275	3,486,600	3,578,675
Non-official language	7,260,080	3,471,870	3,788,210
English and French	157,180	76,620	80,565
English and non-official language	513,250	250,005	263,240
French and non-official language	84,095	41,380	42,720
English, French and non-official language	31,125	15,050	16,075
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 11	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
English	22,031,185	10,908,235	11,122,945
French	6,842,955	3,381,220	3,461,735
Non-official language	3,950,055	1,891,645	2,058,405
English and French	154,380	75,385	78,995
English and non-official language	1,269,705	613,310	656,395
French and non-official language	147,045	70,135	76,910
English, French and non-official language	64,740	31,645	33,095
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Knowledge of one language	21,025,925	10,399,065	10,626,860
English only	16,794,010	8,443,010	8,351,000
French only	3,670,030	1,725,285	1,944,745
Non-official language only	561,880	230,770	331,105
Knowledge of more than one language	13,434,140	6,572,510	6,861,635
English and French only	4,626,740	2,315,095	2,311,650
English, French and one or more non-official languages	1,546,255	734,340	811,920
English and one or more non official languages	6,781,255	3,313,825	3,467,425
French and one or more non official languages	399,915	177,740	222,180
Multiple non-official languages only	79,975	31,515	48,455
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	32,034,585	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens only	30,592,180	15,087,120	15,505,065
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,442,405	712,380	730,025
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 15	2,425,480	1,172,080	1,253,395
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Non-immigrants^Footnote 17	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^Footnote 18	7,540,825	3,586,500	3,954,330
Before 1981	1,941,505	927,790	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	1,486,660	696,715	789,940
2001 to 2010	1,985,030	940,565	1,044,470
2001 to 2005	928,940	439,885	489,050
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,410
2011 to 2016^Footnote 19	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	506,620	260,755	245,865
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,330
Under 5 years	731,335	364,170	367,175
5 to 14 years	1,311,815	665,870	645,940
15 to 24 years	1,604,435	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	5,703,610	2,709,530	2,994,080
Economic immigrants^Footnote 23	2,994,130	1,496,245	1,497,890
Principal applicants^Footnote 24	1,220,755	755,375	465,380
Secondary applicants^Footnote 25	1,773,375	740,865	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 26	1,782,490	728,080	1,054,405
Refugees^Footnote 27	858,850	453,670	405,175
Other immigrants^Footnote 28	68,150	31,530	36,615
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	34,460,060	16,971,580	17,488,485
Born in Canada	26,240,510	13,035,535	13,204,980
Born outside Canada	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Americas	1,281,145	590,065	691,080
North America	338,630	157,595	181,035
Greenland	60	25	35
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	345	185	165
United States^Footnote 30	338,225	157,390	180,830
Central America	192,365	93,900	98,470
Belize	2,480	1,205	1,275
Costa Rica	4,770	2,225	2,555
El Salvador	49,260	24,505	24,755
Guatemala	18,725	9,735	8,990
Honduras	8,565	4,205	4,365
Mexico	95,410	45,740	49,670
Nicaragua	10,265	4,940	5,325
Panama	2,890	1,355	1,535
Caribbean and Bermuda	403,550	178,695	224,855
Anguilla	65	35	30
Antigua and Barbuda	2,510	1,200	1,315
Aruba	630	260	375
Bahamas	2,525	1,215	1,315
Barbados	15,085	6,970	8,115
Bermuda	3,170	1,630	1,540
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	30	10	20
Cayman Islands	655	345	315
Cuba	18,905	9,070	9,830
Curaçao	505	225	280
Dominica	2,865	1,180	1,685
Dominican Republic	11,880	5,785	6,095
Grenada	10,500	4,180	6,325
Guadeloupe	740	375	370
Haiti	97,140	42,825	54,320
Jamaica	144,225	63,185	81,045
Martinique	940	430	515
Montserrat	625	285	340
Puerto Rico	720	305	415
Saint Barthélemy	10	0	10
Saint Kitts and Nevis	2,180	970	1,210
Saint Lucia	6,810	2,675	4,135
Saint Martin (French part)	135	75	60
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	13,930	5,285	8,645
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	145	65	80
Trinidad and Tobago	66,325	29,980	36,345
Turks and Caicos Islands	80	45	35
Virgin Islands, British	135	70	75
Virgin Islands, United States	95	55	40
South America	346,600	159,875	186,720
Argentina	20,745	10,165	10,580
Bolivia^Footnote 31	5,605	2,710	2,895
Brazil	40,445	18,850	21,595
Chile	28,570	14,150	14,415
Colombia	74,595	34,300	40,295
Ecuador	16,045	7,390	8,655
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	10	0	10
French Guiana	330	145	190
Guyana	88,570	39,320	49,250
Paraguay	8,130	3,975	4,155
Peru	31,315	13,735	17,580
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	0	0	0
Suriname	1,095	585	505
Uruguay	6,780	3,390	3,385
Venezuela^Footnote 32	24,365	11,150	13,210
Europe	2,229,440	1,089,400	1,140,045
Western Europe	459,150	231,100	228,050
Austria	16,615	7,875	8,735
Belgium	21,365	10,570	10,795
France	138,645	73,010	65,630
Germany	168,010	80,920	87,085
Liechtenstein	80	25	55
Luxembourg	790	400	385
Monaco	180	130	55
Netherlands	91,515	46,725	44,785
Switzerland	21,960	11,435	10,525
Eastern Europe	540,855	249,475	291,380
Belarus	11,520	5,400	6,120
Bulgaria	19,045	9,345	9,695
Czech Republic	21,980	10,445	11,535
Estonia	3,320	1,370	1,950
Hungary	38,845	18,930	19,915
Latvia	6,200	2,840	3,355
Lithuania	5,320	2,300	3,020
Moldova^Footnote 33	18,280	8,940	9,340
Poland	149,390	67,885	81,510
Romania	91,565	43,370	48,190
Russian Federation	82,550	35,890	46,665
Slovakia	15,385	7,320	8,065
Ukraine	77,465	35,445	42,020
Northern Europe	599,800	294,680	305,120
Åland Islands	10	10	0
Denmark	13,335	6,850	6,485
Faroe Islands	30	15	15
Finland	10,060	4,140	5,920
Guernsey	225	130	95
Iceland	810	385	425
Ireland^Footnote 34	34,095	17,590	16,505
Isle of Man	435	240	195
Jersey	380	170	210
Norway	4,475	2,245	2,230
Sark	0	0	0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	0	0	0
Sweden	7,705	3,565	4,145
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	528,245	259,350	268,895
Southern Europe	629,630	314,135	315,490
Albania	16,235	8,050	8,185
Andorra	40	10	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,630	18,335	18,300
Croatia	41,655	20,930	20,720
Gibraltar	170	80	90
Greece	65,225	32,945	32,285
Holy See (Vatican City State)	0	0	0
Italy	242,255	121,645	120,615
Kosovo^Footnote 36	7,980	4,150	3,830
Macedonia, Republic of^Footnote 37	10,490	5,175	5,310
Malta	7,600	3,885	3,715
Montenegro	1,910	955	960
Portugal	143,160	70,190	72,965
San Marino	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 38	34,325	16,895	17,425
Slovenia	8,375	3,855	4,515
Spain	13,580	7,035	6,545
Africa	689,630	351,250	338,375
Western Africa	126,175	66,185	59,990
Benin	3,305	1,905	1,400
Burkina Faso	2,560	1,285	1,275
Cabo Verde	175	95	80
Côte d'Ivoire	12,855	6,635	6,215
Gambia	760	435	325
Ghana	24,660	12,590	12,065
Guinea	5,720	2,930	2,795
Guinea-Bissau	120	75	45
Liberia	2,675	1,275	1,395
Mali	2,830	1,555	1,275
Mauritania	1,050	685	370
Niger	1,235	665	570
Nigeria	52,380	27,295	25,090
Saint Helena^Footnote 39	20	10	10
Senegal	8,865	4,980	3,885
Sierra Leone	3,185	1,590	1,595
Togo	3,790	2,185	1,600
Eastern Africa	206,330	99,575	106,755
Burundi	9,155	4,470	4,680
Comoros	160	75	85
Djibouti	2,365	1,060	1,310
Eritrea	15,745	8,145	7,600
Ethiopia	34,295	16,785	17,505
Kenya	28,840	13,595	15,250
Madagascar	3,925	1,825	2,100
Malawi	780	415	365
Mauritius	16,935	8,510	8,435
Mayotte	10	0	0
Mozambique	1,310	615	685
Réunion	545	270	275
Rwanda	6,480	3,030	3,455
Seychelles	1,060	470	595
Somalia	28,190	12,575	15,615
South Sudan	5,645	3,045	2,600
Tanzania^Footnote 40	21,260	10,250	11,005
Uganda	13,710	6,640	7,075
Zambia	4,250	2,115	2,130
Zimbabwe	11,675	5,680	5,995
Northern Africa	246,950	130,880	116,070
Algeria	67,045	35,345	31,700
Egypt	67,190	35,605	31,590
Libya	8,955	4,865	4,090
Morocco	72,905	38,005	34,895
Sudan^Footnote 41	11,130	5,785	5,345
Tunisia	19,720	11,270	8,450
Western Sahara	0	0	0
Central Africa	59,005	29,245	29,755
Angola	3,295	1,650	1,650
Cameroon	20,665	10,425	10,240
Central African Republic	1,235	610	630
Chad	1,785	980	805
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	27,800	13,350	14,450
Congo, Republic of the	2,785	1,555	1,235
Equatorial Guinea	95	60	35
Gabon	1,305	590	715
Sao Tome and Principe	35	30	10
Southern Africa	51,180	25,365	25,815
Botswana	1,200	565	630
Lesotho	190	100	90
Namibia	1,285	595	695
South Africa, Republic of	48,020	23,920	24,095
Swaziland	485	185	295
Asia	3,948,635	1,869,775	2,078,860
West Central Asia and the Middle East	635,640	327,925	307,715
Afghanistan	53,850	27,125	26,725
Armenia	4,350	2,085	2,265
Azerbaijan	4,060	1,825	2,240
Bahrain	2,605	1,420	1,180
Cyprus	4,200	2,135	2,065
Georgia	2,825	1,355	1,470
Iran^Footnote 42	160,685	81,370	79,320
Iraq	70,520	35,850	34,670
Israel	30,260	16,130	14,135
Jordan	14,260	7,555	6,700
Kazakhstan	13,325	6,225	7,095
Kuwait	16,265	8,505	7,765
Kyrgyzstan	3,075	1,400	1,675
Lebanon	92,000	49,135	42,865
Oman	1,800	915	885
Qatar	2,905	1,495	1,415
Saudi Arabia	29,330	16,030	13,295
Syria^Footnote 43	56,050	28,215	27,840
Tajikistan	1,380	675	710
Turkey	29,330	16,080	13,250
Turkmenistan	555	235	320
United Arab Emirates	23,220	12,410	10,805
Uzbekistan	6,620	3,090	3,525
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)^Footnote 44	8,675	4,825	3,850
Yemen	3,490	1,825	1,665
Eastern Asia	1,232,470	557,285	675,180
China^Footnote 45	752,645	340,475	412,175
Hong Kong^Footnote 46	215,750	101,570	114,180
Japan	37,365	12,105	25,265
Korea, North^Footnote 47	970	495	470
Korea, South^Footnote 48	149,620	68,960	80,655
Macao^Footnote 49	5,985	2,655	3,335
Mongolia	1,750	785	960
Taiwan	68,385	30,240	38,150
Southeast Asia	926,195	396,285	529,910
Brunei Darussalam	4,620	2,415	2,205
Burma (Myanmar)	8,380	4,100	4,275
Cambodia	23,830	11,015	12,815
Indonesia	15,960	7,160	8,805
Laos^Footnote 50	14,625	7,200	7,430
Malaysia	25,690	11,765	13,930
Philippines	626,090	259,030	367,065
Singapore	13,375	6,110	7,270
Thailand	17,830	6,600	11,225
Timor-Leste	35	10	30
Viet Nam	175,755	80,895	94,865
Southern Asia	1,154,340	588,290	566,050
Bangladesh	61,680	31,855	29,825
Bhutan	4,390	2,205	2,185
British Indian Ocean Territory	0	0	0
India	728,165	371,890	356,275
Maldives	55	20	30
Nepal	15,220	7,830	7,390
Pakistan	210,085	108,055	102,035
Sri Lanka	134,750	66,435	68,315
Oceania	70,570	35,485	35,090
American Samoa	10	0	0
Australia	30,900	16,180	14,720
Christmas Island	0	0	0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	0	0
Cook Islands	10	10	0
Fiji	25,155	11,595	13,555
French Polynesia	460	225	235
Guam	45	10	35
Kiribati	25	0	15
Marshall Islands	25	10	15
Micronesia, Federated States of	10	0	0
Nauru	25	10	15
New Caledonia	405	210	195
New Zealand	12,470	6,715	5,755
Niue	0	0	0
Norfolk Island	15	10	10
Northern Mariana Islands	130	65	65
Palau	30	20	10
Papua New Guinea	450	220	225
Pitcairn	0	0	0
Samoa	175	75	100
Solomon Islands	40	15	30
Tokelau	0	0	0
Tonga	155	60	95
Tuvalu	0	0	0
United States Minor Outlying Islands	0	0	0
Vanuatu	45	30	15
Wallis and Futuna	15	15	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 51	125	65	60
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 52	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
First generation^Footnote 53	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^Footnote 54	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^Footnote 55	20,139,790	9,982,455	10,157,330
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 56	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,680	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,160
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	119,675	57,810	61,865
American	377,405	182,690	194,710
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	1,490	805	690
Newfoundlander	22,220	11,415	10,800
Nova Scotian	3,705	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,940
Québécois	194,555	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 57	1,900	955	945
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,610
British Isles origins	11,211,845	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	1,970	1,000	980
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,575
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,615	2,431,385
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	4,799,010	2,323,390	2,475,615
Welsh	474,805	226,595	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 58	644,695	307,085	337,605
French origins	4,680,815	2,283,480	2,397,335
Alsatian	2,795	1,300	1,500
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	1,750	945	805
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,170
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,090	2,342,760
Austrian	207,050	100,770	106,275
Bavarian	940	490	450
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	1,111,650	546,565	565,090
Flemish	11,685	5,725	5,960
Frisian	4,590	2,390	2,195
German	3,322,405	1,626,790	1,695,615
Luxembourger	3,910	2,025	1,890
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 59	3,365	1,650	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	143,640	69,040	74,605
Icelandic	101,795	49,880	51,915
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	349,640	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 60	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	34,560	16,930	17,630
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	104,580	51,550	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 61	40,715	19,235	21,485
Estonian	24,530	11,720	12,815
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	59,285	28,750	30,535
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	1,106,585	533,835	572,750
Romanian	238,055	114,705	123,345
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	72,290	35,355	36,930
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 62	20,420	9,895	10,525
Southern European origins	3,012,380	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	36,180	18,385	17,795
Bosnian	26,740	13,325	13,415
Catalan	1,275	740	535
Croatian	133,965	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	5,650	2,855	2,800
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	1,587,970	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	2,870	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	43,110	21,645	21,460
Maltese	41,915	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	4,165	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	482,610	239,360	243,250
Serbian	96,535	49,090	47,440
Sicilian	6,940	3,505	3,440
Slovenian	40,470	20,110	20,365
Spanish	396,460	184,515	211,940
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 63	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 64	2,165	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	226,695	115,115	111,580
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,280
Jewish	143,665	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	4,635	2,190	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 65	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 66	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,805	399,350
Antiguan	4,505	2,115	2,390
Bahamian	3,670	1,910	1,760
Barbadian	37,780	17,740	20,035
Bermudan	3,075	1,440	1,640
Carib	3,030	1,170	1,860
Cuban	29,070	13,795	15,270
Dominican	23,125	11,000	12,130
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	610
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,640
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	2,005	900	1,105
Montserratan	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,640	1,765
St. Lucian	8,990	4,095	4,895
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,960	37,330	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,480	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 67	70,270	31,625	38,650
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 68	26,830	12,525	14,305
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,215	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,720	10,870	11,850
Arawak	1,440	615	830
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,550
Belizean	1,755	910	845
Bolivian	5,050	2,475	2,580
Brazilian	36,825	17,380	19,455
Chilean	45,190	22,275	22,915
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	25,410	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,920
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,675
Honduran	10,645	5,230	5,415
Maya	6,290	3,350	2,935
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	4,700	2,205	2,495
Paraguayan	4,325	2,160	2,160
Peruvian	42,145	19,640	22,500
Salvadorean	66,220	32,965	33,255
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 69	28,455	13,925	14,525
African origins	1,067,925	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	1,960	1,085	870
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	1,585	850	735
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	3,150	1,670	1,485
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,225
Chadian	1,840	955	890
Congolese	38,370	18,925	19,445
Edo	1,945	1,090	850
Ewe	845	470	375
Gabonese	1,405	660	750
Gambian	975	500	475
Ghanaian	35,490	17,720	17,770
Guinean	7,245	3,790	3,455
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	10,930	5,485	5,450
Liberian	2,485	1,125	1,360
Malian	4,490	2,275	2,215
Malinké	1,125	590	535
Nigerian	51,835	27,030	24,805
Peulh	2,440	1,275	1,170
Senegalese	10,175	5,505	4,670
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,290
Togolese	5,300	2,875	2,425
Wolof	835	500	340
Yoruba	9,590	5,075	4,510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 70	15,380	7,940	7,450
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	37,060	19,690	17,375
Coptic	3,535	1,855	1,675
Dinka	900	500	400
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	103,945	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	19,965	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	25,650	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 71	6,115	3,325	2,795
Southern and East African origins	260,140	128,330	131,815
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915
Amhara	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 72	3,965	2,175	1,790
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	25,260	12,830	12,425
Ethiopian	44,060	21,680	22,380
Harari	660	355	305
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,330
Mauritian	9,325	4,660	4,670
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	1,285	575	705
Somali	62,545	30,215	32,330
South African	41,375	20,580	20,795
Tanzanian	4,710	2,395	2,310
Tigrian	2,150	1,160	990
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,835
Zambian	1,860	940	920
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,980	4,110
Zulu	945	475	470
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 73	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,160
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 74	30,380	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 75	212,000	103,790	108,210
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,150	518,170	492,980
Afghan	83,995	42,325	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 76	111,405	58,930	52,470
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	13,830	7,110	6,715
Azerbaijani	6,430	3,225	3,200
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	1,520	810	705
Iranian	210,405	106,570	103,840
Iraqi	70,920	35,965	34,955
Israeli	28,740	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,730
Kazakh	3,325	1,615	1,710
Kurd	16,320	8,805	7,515
Kuwaiti	2,240	1,180	1,055
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,585
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,925
Pashtun	4,815	2,570	2,245
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	2,905	1,405	1,500
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	63,950	32,855	31,095
Turkmen	1,040	540	500
Uighur	1,555	770	785
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,310
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 77	25,280	13,180	12,095
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	22,905	11,725	11,175
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,725
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,160
Gujarati	8,350	4,300	4,045
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	17,135	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	215,560	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	152,590	75,010	77,585
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 78	76,400	38,810	37,590
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,800
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,975
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	805	420	390
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	4,515	2,275	2,240
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,530
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	16,925	7,735	9,190
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,525
Taiwanese	36,515	16,570	19,945
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,675
Tibetan	8,045	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	240,615	115,930	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 79	6,505	3,145	3,355
Other Asian origins	22,740	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 80	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,435
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,600
New Zealander	15,390	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,235	15,245
Fijian	19,375	9,285	10,085
Hawaiian	3,290	1,500	1,790
Maori	2,500	1,305	1,195
Samoan	1,100	630	480
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 81	1,530	720	810
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	2,335	1,145	1,185
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	28,643,020	13,990,435	14,652,585
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 84	7,576,400	3,686,635	3,889,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,810	8,191,235
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,265	1,906,615	893,655
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 85	1,549,875	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 86	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,830	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,330	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,305
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,930
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,300	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,930	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^Footnote 87	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 88	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 89	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,870	26,155
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,180	302,025
Humanities	850,840	330,495	520,350
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	178,595	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,140	171,385
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 90	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,925	30,185	21,745
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,485	46,280	31,205
54. History	111,465	59,970	51,495
55. French language and literature/letters	53,685	13,395	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,460	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,655	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,590
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,655	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 91	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	281,465	71,230	210,235
45. Social sciences	623,770	304,665	319,110
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,185	1,850	4,335
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,820	189,020
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,810	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,960	105,560	144,395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,910
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 92	28,155	12,620	15,530
40. Physical sciences	179,300	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,265	12,975	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,475	420,365	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,680	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	40,815	6,495	34,325
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,925	35,730
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 93	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,860	68,210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	415	90	325
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,700
48. Precision production	406,855	389,855	17,000
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,925	127,925	78,000
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,120	42,005
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,540
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,300	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,685	329,010	1,718,675
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,735	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,830	507,195	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,535	414,020
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,500	3,080	415
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,815	17,315
Other	3,170	890	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 94	28,643,020	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 95	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,300	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,220	5,503,645	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,970	795,655	802,310
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 96	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,340
United States^Footnote 97	349,545	189,995	159,545
Philippines	298,835	109,815	189,015
India	281,410	142,415	138,995
United Kingdom^Footnote 98	232,030	131,055	100,985
China^Footnote 99	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	88,855	50,400	38,460
Other	1,253,790	618,140	635,655
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 100	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Employed	17,230,035	8,923,545	8,306,495
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,145
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,940
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 101	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Did not work^Footnote 102	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	19,361,015	10,059,865	9,301,145
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 103	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 104	9,735,000	4,657,750	5,077,250
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^Footnote 105	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 106	404,350	197,710	206,640
All classes of workers^Footnote 107	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	16,073,680	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^Footnote 108	2,194,440	1,375,375	819,060
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 109	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,640
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 110	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^Footnote 111	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,000
0 Management occupations	2,013,365	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,310	862,865	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,665	990,555	283,105
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,440	672,945	1,465,500
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,890	1,843,505	2,422,385
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,220
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,280	576,440	237,845
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^Footnote 112	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^Footnote 113	404,345	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^Footnote 114	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,005	134,680
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,885	51,420
22 Utilities	136,345	100,140	36,210
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,460
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,575	1,149,750	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,460
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,205	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,700
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,720
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,600
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,790	12,795	15,995
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,850	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,020	383,750	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,860
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,205	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	1,128,940	589,535	539,410
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 115	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,755
Non-official language	275,430	145,380	130,055
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,590
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,560	7,910
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,400	13,441,550	14,047,845
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,205	40,755	28,868
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,225	13,446,230	14,054,000
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,861	35,917	26,630
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,010	12,289,050
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,754	39,886	26,632
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,065	10,990,065
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,457	4,204	6,141
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,683	39,827	28,504
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 117	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	9,367,050	5,231,010	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 119	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 120	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 122	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^Footnote 123	72.1	75.2	67.8
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 124	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 125	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Without total income	1,153,620	548,880	604,740
With total income	27,489,395	13,441,550	14,047,840
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,871,860	1,666,195	2,205,665
$10,000 to $19,999	4,683,950	1,870,250	2,813,695
$20,000 to $29,999	3,812,950	1,596,365	2,216,590
$30,000 to $39,999	3,205,140	1,472,245	1,732,890
$40,000 to $49,999	2,825,560	1,374,095	1,451,470
$50,000 to $59,999	2,182,490	1,146,960	1,035,530
$60,000 to $69,999	1,653,910	938,010	715,900
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270,955	744,085	526,870
$80,000 to $89,999	966,280	579,215	387,065
$90,000 to $99,999	749,660	451,210	298,445
$100,000 and over	2,266,655	1,602,925	663,730
$100,000 to $149,999	1,494,075	1,023,940	470,135
$150,000 and over	772,575	578,985	193,595
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 126	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Without after-tax income	1,142,785	544,200	598,585
With after-tax income	27,500,225	13,446,230	14,054,000
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,999,055	1,703,920	2,295,130
$10,000 to $19,999	4,910,175	1,976,635	2,933,535
$20,000 to $29,999	4,492,315	1,928,895	2,563,420
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,460	1,868,550	2,055,905
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,770	1,619,100	1,525,665
$50,000 to $59,999	2,210,930	1,245,955	964,975
$60,000 to $69,999	1,536,595	908,335	628,260
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,165	654,490	421,675
$80,000 and over	2,205,775	1,540,345	665,425
$80,000 to $89,999	689,995	445,245	244,750
$90,000 to $99,999	422,280	291,500	130,780
$100,000 and over	1,093,500	803,605	289,895
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
Without employment income	8,214,345	3,447,890	4,766,450
With employment income	20,428,670	10,542,535	9,886,130
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,779,850	1,358,685	1,421,160
$5,000 to $9,999	1,600,435	696,130	904,305
$10,000 to $19,999	2,733,160	1,209,995	1,523,170
$20,000 to $29,999	2,294,500	1,023,400	1,271,105
$30,000 to $39,999	2,151,845	1,000,325	1,151,520
$40,000 to $49,999	1,927,860	945,545	982,315
$50,000 to $59,999	1,556,480	839,220	717,265
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,235	708,690	511,545
$70,000 to $79,999	992,845	590,745	402,095
$80,000 and over	3,171,465	2,169,815	1,001,650
$80,000 to $89,999	772,625	474,815	297,810
$90,000 to $99,999	625,170	382,515	242,655
$100,000 and over	1,773,670	1,312,485	461,190
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 128	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,485
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,211,650	8,249,720	8,961,940
In the bottom decile	3,432,010	1,664,865	1,767,145
In the second decile	3,439,335	1,563,020	1,876,320
In the third decile	3,454,745	1,648,440	1,806,300
In the fourth decile	3,440,535	1,673,550	1,766,990
In the fifth decile	3,445,025	1,699,845	1,745,180
In the top half of the distribution	17,248,415	8,721,860	8,526,550
In the sixth decile	3,459,680	1,721,880	1,737,800
In the seventh decile	3,451,510	1,735,490	1,716,020
In the eighth decile	3,437,345	1,735,735	1,701,610
In the ninth decile	3,453,685	1,756,745	1,696,940
In the top decile	3,446,190	1,772,005	1,674,185
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	33,968,185	16,724,210	17,243,980
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,340	2,242,030	2,567,305
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,113,485	1,511,135	1,602,350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.3

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.