Mother Tongue (10), Income Statistics (17), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (15), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10), Work Activity During the Reference Year (4A) and Sex and Age (15) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Highest certificate, diploma or degree (15): Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree
• Immigrant status and period of immigration (10): Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration
• Work activity during the reference year (4A): Total - Work activity during the reference year
• Sex and age (15): Total - Sex and age

This table details mother tongue , income statistics , highest certificate, diploma or degree , immigrant status and period of immigration , work activity during the reference year and sex and age for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Canada

Income statistics (17)	Mother tongue (10)
	Total - Mother tongue	English	French	Non-official language	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	English and French	English and non-official language	French and non-official language	English, French and non-official language
Total - Income statistics^Footnote 4	28,643,015	15,693,255	5,934,955	6,436,920	152,490	6,284,430	112,040	385,310	60,485	20,050
With total income	27,489,400	15,047,735	5,767,185	6,134,010	142,805	5,991,200	105,650	359,620	56,830	18,360
Percentage with total income (%)	96.0	95.9	97.2	95.3	93.6	95.3	94.3	93.3	94.0	91.6
Median total income ($)	34,205	37,249	35,000	27,149	19,587	27,376	30,384	30,055	26,685	27,676
Average total income ($)	47,487	52,131	44,246	39,762	28,561	40,029	41,537	40,842	36,298	38,749
With after-tax income	27,500,230	15,054,230	5,768,825	6,136,535	142,810	5,993,725	105,660	359,780	56,830	18,365
Percentage with after-tax income (%)	96.0	95.9	97.2	95.3	93.7	95.4	94.3	93.4	94.0	91.6
Median after-tax income ($)	30,861	33,335	31,006	25,539	19,532	25,699	27,684	27,725	25,256	25,753
Average after-tax income ($)	38,977	42,414	36,267	33,529	26,669	33,693	34,530	34,450	30,886	32,083
With employment income	20,428,675	11,557,975	4,178,695	4,270,470	86,945	4,183,530	80,850	283,295	42,755	14,630
Percentage with employment income (%)	71.3	73.6	70.4	66.3	57.0	66.6	72.2	73.5	70.7	73.0
Median employment income ($)	33,683	35,735	33,064	30,039	20,900	30,176	29,330	31,363	26,014	26,616
Average employment income ($)	46,057	49,457	41,819	41,563	30,658	41,789	40,472	41,219	35,589	37,793
With wages, salaries and commissions	18,811,420	10,699,830	3,896,825	3,821,575	85,700	3,735,880	76,210	263,980	39,435	13,565
Percentage with wages, salaries and commissions (%)	65.7	68.2	65.7	59.4	56.2	59.4	68.0	68.5	65.2	67.7
Median wages, salaries and commissions ($)	35,551	37,428	34,446	32,611	21,040	32,895	30,544	32,967	28,085	28,845
Average wages, salaries and commissions ($)	47,102	50,450	42,269	43,261	30,697	43,550	40,927	42,185	36,437	38,406

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 2

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

Non-permanent residents and immigrants who landed between 2015 and 2016 are included in the 'Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration.' The categories for 'Non-permanent residents' and period of immigration '2015 to 2016' are not presented elsewhere in this table with income as they may not have a complete year of applicable income. The income data for the 2016 Census of Population are for the year 2015.

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit, or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 3

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week). Full year is 49 weeks or over. Part year is less than 49 weeks.

Footnote 4

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:
- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Wages, salaries and commissions - Gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income taxes, pension plan contributions and employment insurance premiums during the reference period. While other employee remuneration such as security options benefits, board and lodging and other taxable allowances and benefits are included in this source, employers' contributions to pension plans and employment insurance plans are excluded. Other receipts included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses associated with paid employment, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union, research grants, royalties from a work or invention with no associated expenses and all types of casual earnings during the reference period.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Data quality note(s) – Canada

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016199.