Visible Minority (15), Age (15A), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (900) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Visible minority (15): Total - Visible minority
• Age (15A): Total - Age

This table details visible minority , age , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics for the population in private households in Bathurst

Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (900)	Sex (3)
	Total - Sex	Male	Female
Total - Household type of person for the population in private households - 25% sample data	30,265	14,865	15,400
Persons in one-census-family households without additional persons	22,805	11,325	11,480
In a couple census family without children (no other persons present in the household)	9,815	4,875	4,935
In a couple census family with children (no other persons present in the household)	10,570	5,450	5,115
In a lone-parent census family (no other persons present in the household)	2,425	1,000	1,425
Persons in multigenerational households^Footnote 2	1,400	635	770
Persons in other census family households^Footnote 3	1,135	545	585
Persons in two-or-more-person non-census-family households	785	385	400
Persons living alone (one-person households)	4,135	1,975	2,165
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	26,620	13,015	13,610
Married or living common law	16,970	8,435	8,530
Married	12,665	6,320	6,350
Living common law	4,305	2,120	2,185
Not married and not living common law	9,650	4,575	5,080
Never married	5,665	3,065	2,595
Separated	915	425	490
Divorced	1,330	665	665
Widowed	1,740	415	1,325
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 5	30,070	14,775	15,295
Non-movers	27,260	13,375	13,885
Movers	2,815	1,400	1,415
Non-migrants	1,705	835	875
Migrants	1,105	565	540
Internal migrants	1,040	535	505
Intraprovincial migrants	775	370	405
Interprovincial migrants	265	165	100
External migrants	70	30	35
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 6	29,240	14,345	14,895
Non-movers	21,520	10,705	10,815
Movers	7,725	3,645	4,080
Non-migrants	4,445	2,055	2,395
Migrants	3,280	1,585	1,690
Internal migrants	3,115	1,500	1,615
Intraprovincial migrants	2,345	1,120	1,230
Interprovincial migrants	765	380	385
External migrants	165	90	75
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 7	30,265	14,860	15,400
English	9,715	4,770	4,945
French	20,320	9,995	10,330
English and French	165	70	90
Neither English nor French	60	30	30
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 8	20,405	10,030	10,375
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 9	67.4	67.5	67.4
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 10	30,260	14,860	15,400
English	9,160	4,500	4,665
French	20,195	9,905	10,290
Non-official language	440	235	210
English and French	450	215	230
English and non-official language	10	10	0
French and non-official language	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 11	30,260	14,865	15,400
English	11,105	5,530	5,580
French	18,360	8,975	9,385
Non-official language	225	120	105
English and French	535	225	315
English and non-official language	20	10	10
French and non-official language	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Number of languages known for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	30,265	14,865	15,400
Knowledge of one language	10,185	5,135	5,045
English only	5,530	2,880	2,645
French only	4,615	2,235	2,385
Non-official language only	40	25	15
Knowledge of more than one language	20,080	9,730	10,355
English and French only	19,350	9,340	10,015
English, French and one or more non-official languages	395	215	180
English and one or more non official languages	235	105	130
French and one or more non official languages	60	50	15
Multiple non-official languages only	40	25	15
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 13	30,265	14,865	15,400
Canadian citizens^Footnote 14	29,920	14,680	15,235
Canadian citizens only	29,820	14,635	15,185
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	100	40	55
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 15	345	185	165
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 16	30,265	14,865	15,400
Non-immigrants^Footnote 17	29,510	14,460	15,055
Immigrants^Footnote 18	715	375	335
Before 1981	245	140	110
1981 to 1990	35	10	20
1991 to 2000	50	20	30
2001 to 2010	195	105	90
2001 to 2005	75	45	30
2006 to 2010	125	60	65
2011 to 2016^Footnote 19	190	105	85
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 20	40	25	10
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	710	375	335
Under 5 years	125	60	65
5 to 14 years	145	75	70
15 to 24 years	95	55	40
25 to 44 years	285	140	145
45 years and over	65	45	15
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	465	240	225
Economic immigrants^Footnote 23	230	115	115
Principal applicants^Footnote 24	90	55	35
Secondary applicants^Footnote 25	140	65	80
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 26	185	95	95
Refugees^Footnote 27	45	25	15
Other immigrants^Footnote 28	0	10	0
Total - Place of birth for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 29	30,265	14,860	15,400
Born in Canada	29,485	14,450	15,035
Born outside Canada	780	415	365
Americas	185	85	100
North America	120	50	75
Greenland	0	0	0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 30	125	45	75
Central America	15	10	10
Belize	0	0	0
Costa Rica	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0
Guatemala	0	0	10
Honduras	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Nicaragua	0	0	0
Panama	0	0	0
Caribbean and Bermuda	25	15	0
Anguilla	0	0	0
Antigua and Barbuda	0	0	0
Aruba	0	0	0
Bahamas	0	0	0
Barbados	0	0	0
Bermuda	0	0	0
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba	0	0	0
Cayman Islands	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Curaçao	0	0	0
Dominica	0	0	0
Dominican Republic	0	0	0
Grenada	0	0	0
Guadeloupe	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Martinique	0	0	0
Montserrat	0	0	0
Puerto Rico	0	0	0
Saint Barthélemy	0	0	0
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0
Saint Lucia	0	0	0
Saint Martin (French part)	0	0	0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	0	0
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
Turks and Caicos Islands	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, British	0	0	0
Virgin Islands, United States	0	0	0
South America	35	15	10
Argentina	0	0	0
Bolivia^Footnote 31	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	10
Chile	20	10	10
Colombia	10	0	0
Ecuador	0	0	0
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	0	0	0
French Guiana	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Paraguay	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	0	0	0
Suriname	0	0	0
Uruguay	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 32	0	0	0
Europe	260	145	110
Western Europe	150	80	75
Austria	10	0	10
Belgium	20	10	0
France	80	50	30
Germany	35	0	30
Liechtenstein	0	0	0
Luxembourg	0	0	0
Monaco	0	0	0
Netherlands	15	15	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Eastern Europe	30	10	15
Belarus	0	0	0
Bulgaria	10	0	0
Czech Republic	0	0	0
Estonia	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	0
Latvia	0	0	0
Lithuania	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 33	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Slovakia	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Northern Europe	70	50	25
Åland Islands	0	0	0
Denmark	0	0	0
Faroe Islands	0	0	0
Finland	0	0	0
Guernsey	0	0	0
Iceland	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 34	10	10	0
Isle of Man	0	0	0
Jersey	0	0	0
Norway	0	0	0
Sark	0	0	0
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	0	0	0
Sweden	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 35	65	45	25
Southern Europe	10	10	0
Albania	0	0	0
Andorra	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
Gibraltar	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Holy See (Vatican City State)	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Kosovo^Footnote 36	0	0	0
Macedonia, Republic of^Footnote 37	0	0	0
Malta	0	0	0
Montenegro	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
San Marino	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 38	0	0	0
Slovenia	0	0	0
Spain	0	0	0
Africa	90	65	25
Western Africa	25	15	10
Benin	0	0	0
Burkina Faso	15	10	0
Cabo Verde	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0
Gambia	0	0	0
Ghana	0	0	0
Guinea	10	10	0
Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0
Liberia	0	0	0
Mali	0	0	0
Mauritania	0	0	0
Niger	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Saint Helena^Footnote 39	0	0	0
Senegal	0	0	0
Sierra Leone	0	0	0
Togo	0	0	0
Eastern Africa	25	10	15
Burundi	0	0	0
Comoros	0	0	0
Djibouti	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	10	10
Kenya	0	0	0
Madagascar	0	0	0
Malawi	0	0	0
Mauritius	10	10	0
Mayotte	0	0	0
Mozambique	0	0	0
Réunion	0	0	0
Rwanda	0	0	0
Seychelles	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Sudan	0	0	0
Tanzania^Footnote 40	0	0	0
Uganda	0	0	0
Zambia	0	0	0
Zimbabwe	0	0	0
Northern Africa	35	30	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	10
Libya	10	10	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Sudan^Footnote 41	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Western Sahara	0	0	0
Central Africa	10	0	0
Angola	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0
Central African Republic	0	0	0
Chad	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Congo, Republic of the	0	0	0
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0
Gabon	0	0	0
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0
Southern Africa	0	0	0
Botswana	0	0	0
Lesotho	0	0	0
Namibia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Swaziland	0	0	0
Asia	245	110	130
West Central Asia and the Middle East	70	35	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Armenia	0	0	0
Azerbaijan	0	0	0
Bahrain	0	0	0
Cyprus	0	0	0
Georgia	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 42	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Jordan	10	0	10
Kazakhstan	0	0	0
Kuwait	0	0	0
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Oman	0	0	0
Qatar	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	10
Syria^Footnote 43	30	15	15
Tajikistan	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
Turkmenistan	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Uzbekistan	0	0	0
West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine)^Footnote 44	0	0	0
Yemen	0	0	0
Eastern Asia	95	40	55
China^Footnote 45	50	20	30
Hong Kong^Footnote 46	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, North^Footnote 47	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 48	45	20	25
Macao^Footnote 49	0	0	0
Mongolia	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Southeast Asia	65	25	45
Brunei Darussalam	0	0	0
Burma (Myanmar)	0	0	0
Cambodia	0	0	0
Indonesia	0	0	0
Laos^Footnote 50	0	0	0
Malaysia	0	0	0
Philippines	50	15	35
Singapore	0	0	0
Thailand	0	0	0
Timor-Leste	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	0	0
Southern Asia	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Bhutan	0	0	0
British Indian Ocean Territory	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Maldives	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
American Samoa	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Christmas Island	0	0	0
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	0	0	0
Cook Islands	0	0	0
Fiji	0	0	0
French Polynesia	0	0	0
Guam	0	0	0
Kiribati	0	0	0
Marshall Islands	0	0	0
Micronesia, Federated States of	0	0	0
Nauru	0	0	0
New Caledonia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Niue	0	0	0
Norfolk Island	0	0	0
Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	0
Palau	0	0	0
Papua New Guinea	0	0	0
Pitcairn	0	0	0
Samoa	0	0	0
Solomon Islands	0	0	0
Tokelau	0	0	0
Tonga	0	0	0
Tuvalu	0	0	0
United States Minor Outlying Islands	0	0	0
Vanuatu	0	0	0
Wallis and Futuna	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 51	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 52	30,265	14,860	15,400
First generation^Footnote 53	775	415	370
Second generation^Footnote 54	765	360	405
Third generation or more^Footnote 55	28,720	14,090	14,630
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 56	30,260	14,865	15,400
North American Aboriginal origins	1,845	965	880
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,440	735	705
Inuit	25	20	0
Métis	450	245	210
Other North American origins	22,340	10,905	11,435
Acadian	2,195	1,115	1,080
American	95	60	30
Canadian	20,965	10,205	10,760
New Brunswicker	35	20	15
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Québécois	60	30	30
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 57	0	0	0
European origins	13,125	6,415	6,710
British Isles origins	6,500	3,080	3,420
Channel Islander	15	0	15
Cornish	0	0	0
English	3,000	1,355	1,650
Irish	3,285	1,625	1,660
Manx	0	0	0
Scottish	2,370	1,105	1,265
Welsh	25	15	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 58	125	60	70
French origins	8,735	4,280	4,455
Alsatian	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0
French	8,735	4,280	4,455
Western European origins (except French origins)	755	395	355
Austrian	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0
Belgian	35	20	15
Dutch	190	90	100
Flemish	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
German	540	285	255
Luxembourger	10	0	0
Swiss	15	10	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 59	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	95	40	55
Danish	35	0	35
Finnish	0	0	10
Icelandic	10	10	0
Norwegian	25	15	15
Swedish	15	0	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 60	15	15	10
Eastern European origins	195	110	85
Bulgarian	15	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 61	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10
Hungarian	25	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Polish	50	30	20
Romanian	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10
Slovak	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	45	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 62	0	0	0
Southern European origins	485	255	230
Albanian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	0
Italian	300	150	150
Kosovar	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0
Portuguese	80	45	35
Serbian	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Spanish	95	50	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 63	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 64	0	0	0
Other European origins	60	40	25
Basque	0	0	0
Jewish	10	10	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 65	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 66	50	30	20
Caribbean origins	25	15	10
Antiguan	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0
Haitian	10	10	10
Jamaican	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	10	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 67	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 68	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	50	30	20
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Chilean	20	10	10
Colombian	15	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0
Mexican	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 69	0	0	0
African origins	175	100	75
Central and West African origins	45	30	15
Akan	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Burkinabe	10	10	10
Cameroonian	10	10	0
Chadian	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Guinean	10	10	0
Ibo	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 70	10	0	0
North African origins	50	30	15
Algerian	0	10	0
Berber	20	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0
Libyan	25	10	15
Maure	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 71	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	30	15	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 72	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
Ethiopian	25	15	15
Harari	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 73	0	0	0
Other African origins	60	35	30
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 74	10	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 75	60	25	30
Asian origins	465	210	260
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	205	110	100
Afghan	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 76	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0
Iranian	10	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	15
Kazakh	0	0	0
Kurd	15	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0
Lebanese	85	40	45
Palestinian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0
Syrian	70	40	30
Tajik	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 77	0	0	0
South Asian origins	35	10	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0
East Indian	35	10	20
Goan	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 78	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	225	90	135
Burmese	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Chinese	95	40	55
Filipino	60	15	45
Hmong	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	25
Laotian	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 79	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 80	0	0	0
Oceania origins	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 81	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 82	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	26,620	13,015	13,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,490	3,830	3,665
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 84	6,625	3,080	3,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,505	6,110	6,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,895	2,010	885
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 85	1,465	835	630
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 86	1,430	1,170	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,055	2,635	3,420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	390	145	240
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,170	1,315	1,855
Bachelor's degree	2,315	895	1,425
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	110	150
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	85	45
Master's degree	425	200	225
Earned doctorate^Footnote 87	40	30	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 88	26,620	13,015	13,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 89	14,115	6,905	7,210
Education	1,035	305	730
13. Education	1,035	300	725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	150	65	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	120	45	75
Humanities	255	105	150
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	35	10	35
23. English language and literature/letters	45	0	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 90	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	15
54. History	30	20	0
55. French language and literature/letters	20	15	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	625	155	470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	20	280
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 91	10	0	0
42. Psychology	115	40	70
45. Social sciences	120	50	75
Business, management and public administration	2,595	685	1,915
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	40	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,380	640	1,745
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	145	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	20	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 92	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	90	75	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	25	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	215	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	305	195	110
25. Library science	35	10	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 93	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,515	3,440	70
04. Architecture and related services	15	15	0
14. Engineering	210	190	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	655	630	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	880	865	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,115	1,110	10
48. Precision production	640	630	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	165	40
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	95	60	35
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	105	10
Health and related fields	2,545	395	2,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	90	60	25
51. Health professions and related programs	2,405	295	2,105
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	40	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	990	425	565
12. Personal and culinary services	565	50	515
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	20	0
43. Security and protective services	160	120	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	240	10
Other	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 94	26,620	13,015	13,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,115	6,905	7,210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 95	12,505	6,110	6,400
Location of study inside Canada	12,170	5,925	6,245
Same as province or territory of residence	10,045	4,790	5,255
Different than province or territory of residence	2,130	1,140	990
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 96	335	180	155
United States^Footnote 97	95	45	50
Philippines	25	15	15
India	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 98	15	10	10
China^Footnote 99	15	0	10
France	45	30	20
Other	140	85	55
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 100	26,625	13,010	13,610
In the labour force	14,455	7,515	6,940
Employed	12,760	6,370	6,385
Unemployed	1,695	1,140	555
Not in the labour force	12,165	5,505	6,665
Participation rate	54.3	57.8	51.0
Employment rate	47.9	49.0	46.9
Unemployment rate	11.7	15.2	8.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 101	26,625	13,015	13,610
Did not work^Footnote 102	11,330	5,060	6,270
Worked	15,290	7,950	7,340
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 103	6,950	3,555	3,390
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 104	8,340	4,395	3,950
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	38.8	41.1
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^Footnote 105	14,455	7,515	6,945
Class of worker - not applicable^Footnote 106	400	240	160
All classes of workers^Footnote 107	14,065	7,275	6,785
Employee	13,085	6,590	6,495
Self-employed^Footnote 108	975	685	290
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 109	14,455	7,510	6,945
Occupation - not applicable^Footnote 110	395	235	160
All occupations^Footnote 111	14,060	7,275	6,785
0 Management occupations	1,200	720	480
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,040	475	1,560
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	605	505	100
3 Health occupations	1,540	305	1,240
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,395	410	985
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	175	75	105
6 Sales and service occupations	3,715	1,540	2,175
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,345	2,290	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	550	490	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	495	460	30
Total Labour Force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^Footnote 112	14,455	7,510	6,945
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^Footnote 113	395	235	160
All industry categories^Footnote 114	14,060	7,275	6,790
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	395	330	65
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	365	335	30
22 Utilities	135	125	10
23 Construction	945	885	55
31-33 Manufacturing	1,035	925	105
41 Wholesale trade	325	280	45
44-45 Retail trade	2,295	1,080	1,220
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	410	320	90
51 Information and cultural industries	180	115	65
52 Finance and insurance	335	120	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	100	55	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	390	220	170
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	510	280	230
61 Educational services	940	320	615
62 Health care and social assistance	2,545	515	2,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	155	85	75
72 Accommodation and food services	995	350	645
81 Other services (except public administration)	630	310	315
91 Public administration	1,370	615	750
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 115	15,775	8,190	7,585
English	6,215	3,585	2,630
French	7,590	3,720	3,870
Non-official language	10	15	0
English and French	1,950	865	1,080
English and non-official language	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	26,620	13,015	13,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,515	12,515	13,000
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,960	35,123	23,386
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,196	44,783	29,895
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	25,525	12,515	13,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,436	31,484	21,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,530	37,290	25,992
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	21,070	10,840	10,230
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,789	32,070	22,616
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,982	42,738	28,823
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,605	9,090	10,510
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,085	11,058	7,925
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,745	10,685	8,932
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	16,875	8,990	7,890
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,567	28,953	24,947
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,952	40,457	30,818
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 117	26,620	13,015	13,610
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	6,825	3,475	3,355
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 119	47,273	53,395	42,663
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 120	54,895	62,407	47,109
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 122	79.9	82.7	75.9
Employment income (%)^Footnote 123	63.9	64.9	62.5
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 124	20.1	17.3	24.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 125	26,620	13,010	13,610
Without total income	1,110	500	610
With total income	25,515	12,510	13,000
Percentage with total income	95.8	96.2	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,740	1,365	2,375
$10,000 to $19,999	5,070	1,890	3,185
$20,000 to $29,999	4,425	1,960	2,460
$30,000 to $39,999	3,585	1,935	1,650
$40,000 to $49,999	2,850	1,515	1,330
$50,000 to $59,999	1,715	1,080	630
$60,000 to $69,999	1,065	690	380
$70,000 to $79,999	970	530	445
$80,000 to $89,999	625	355	270
$90,000 to $99,999	405	295	110
$100,000 and over	1,065	895	165
$100,000 to $149,999	755	635	120
$150,000 and over	310	265	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 126	26,625	13,010	13,610
Without after-tax income	1,095	500	590
With after-tax income	25,525	12,510	13,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	96.2	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,840	1,375	2,465
$10,000 to $19,999	5,355	2,005	3,345
$20,000 to $29,999	5,325	2,500	2,820
$30,000 to $39,999	4,280	2,305	1,975
$40,000 to $49,999	2,590	1,545	1,045
$50,000 to $59,999	1,595	980	615
$60,000 to $69,999	1,035	590	445
$70,000 to $79,999	575	420	155
$80,000 and over	930	785	145
$80,000 to $89,999	280	235	45
$90,000 to $99,999	220	185	35
$100,000 and over	430	365	65
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	26,620	13,015	13,610
Without employment income	9,750	4,025	5,720
With employment income	16,875	8,990	7,890
Percentage with employment income	63.4	69.1	58.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,685	1,600	1,080
$5,000 to $9,999	1,645	690	960
$10,000 to $19,999	2,560	1,305	1,245
$20,000 to $29,999	2,320	975	1,340
$30,000 to $39,999	1,765	865	900
$40,000 to $49,999	1,565	705	860
$50,000 to $59,999	1,150	685	460
$60,000 to $69,999	780	525	260
$70,000 to $79,999	790	410	380
$80,000 and over	1,620	1,220	400
$80,000 to $89,999	475	275	200
$90,000 to $99,999	320	230	90
$100,000 and over	830	715	115
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 128	30,265	14,865	15,400
In the bottom half of the distribution	18,305	8,840	9,465
In the bottom decile	3,355	1,555	1,800
In the second decile	4,300	1,960	2,345
In the third decile	3,730	1,800	1,925
In the fourth decile	3,680	1,900	1,780
In the fifth decile	3,235	1,620	1,615
In the top half of the distribution	11,960	6,025	5,930
In the sixth decile	3,300	1,620	1,680
In the seventh decile	2,975	1,455	1,515
In the eighth decile	2,525	1,295	1,230
In the ninth decile	1,765	905	855
In the top decile	1,395	745	645
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	30,130	14,785	15,340
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,630	2,580	3,045
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.7	17.5	19.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,020	960	1,060
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.7	6.5	6.9

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 2

In households where there is at least one person living with a child and a grandchild.

Footnote 3

In households that are not multigenerational where there is one census family with additional persons or more than one census family.

Footnote 4

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 5

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 6

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 7

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 8

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 9

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 10

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 11

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 12

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 14

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 15

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 16

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 18

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 19

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 20

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 21

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 22

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 24

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 25

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 26

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 27

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 28

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 29

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 30

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 31

The official name of Bolivia is Plurinational State of Bolivia.

Footnote 32

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 33

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 34

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 35

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 36

The official name of Kosovo is Republic of Kosovo.

Footnote 37

Macedonia, Republic of: known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia by the United Nations and other international bodies.

Footnote 38

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 39

The official name of Saint Helena is Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Footnote 40

The official name of Tanzania is United Republic of Tanzania.

Footnote 41

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 42

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 43

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 44

West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine): West Bank and Gaza Strip are the territories referred to in the Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1993. Palestine refers to pre-1948 British mandate Palestine.

Footnote 45

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 46

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 47

The official name of North Korea is Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Footnote 48

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 49

The full name of Macao is Macao Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 50

The official name of Laos is Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Footnote 51

Includes other places of birth not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea'.

Footnote 52

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 53

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 54

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 55

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 56

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 57

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 58

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 59

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 60

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 61

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 62

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 63

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 64

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 65

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 66

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 67

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 68

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 69

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 70

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 71

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 72

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 73

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 74

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 75

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 76

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 77

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 78

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 79

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 80

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 81

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 82

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 83

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 84

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 85

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 86

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 87

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 88

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 89

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 90

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 91

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 92

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 93

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 94

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 95

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 96

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 97

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 98

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 99

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 100

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 101

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 102

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 103

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 104

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 105

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Footnote 106

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 107

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 108

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 109

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 110

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 111

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 112

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Footnote 113

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Footnote 114

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Footnote 115

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 116

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 117

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 118

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 119

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 120

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 121

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 122

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 123

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 124

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 125

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 126

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 127

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 128

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 129

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Data quality note(s) – Bathurst

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.4%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016192.