Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Windsor, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	213,980	201,820	4,885	1,940	5,335	5,855
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,855
0 to 14 years	35,395	33,360	420	700	920	770
0 to 4 years	11,250	10,470	100	75	610	135
5 to 9 years	11,975	11,330	140	320	180	305
10 to 14 years	12,170	11,560	180	310	130	330
15 to 64 years	142,605	136,300	2,875	1,110	2,315	3,430
15 to 19 years	13,070	12,515	200	265	85	330
20 to 24 years	16,150	15,700	190	140	115	260
25 to 29 years	14,670	14,190	190	85	200	235
30 to 34 years	12,820	12,385	190	80	170	235
35 to 39 years	12,530	11,995	185	90	250	235
40 to 44 years	13,770	13,145	290	105	235	340
45 to 49 years	14,685	13,990	365	115	210	420
50 to 54 years	16,200	15,440	410	100	250	460
55 to 59 years	15,295	14,390	490	60	355	525
60 to 64 years	13,420	12,555	365	65	430	395
65 years and over	35,980	32,155	1,590	130	2,100	1,655
65 to 69 years	11,850	10,950	420	45	435	445
70 to 74 years	8,440	7,615	385	20	415	400
75 to 79 years	6,585	5,720	320	30	520	335
80 to 84 years	4,865	4,180	265	30	385	280
85 years and over	4,235	3,695	195	0	340	200
85 to 89 years	2,955	2,595	125	10	235	125
90 to 94 years	1,090	925	75	10	90	75
95 to 99 years	160	150	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	30	25	0	0	10	0
Average age	40.7	40.2	51.7	28.4	51.0	not applicable ...
Median age	40.9	40.3	55.0	20.1	58.4	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	178,585	168,460	4,470	1,245	4,415	5,085
Married or living common law	91,515	85,625	2,530	525	2,840	2,790
Married	77,670	72,285	2,090	505	2,785	2,340
Living common law	13,840	13,335	440	20	50	445
Not married and not living common law	87,070	82,840	1,940	710	1,575	2,295
Never married	56,075	54,285	830	565	395	1,110
Separated	6,285	5,925	165	45	155	190
Divorced	13,995	13,340	440	85	135	475
Widowed	10,715	9,295	505	15	900	515
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	178,580	168,465	4,465	1,240	4,415	5,085
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	169,390	160,030	4,335	1,075	3,955	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,669	39,277	38,714	29,513	16,465	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,034	29,775	32,792	22,020	14,764	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	169,425	160,055	4,340	1,075	3,955	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,553	34,027	33,974	26,793	15,769	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,068	27,609	30,079	21,768	14,760	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	141,415	135,225	3,750	880	1,550	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,469	38,921	34,372	27,410	15,235	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,202	28,721	25,701	16,757	6,687	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	134,490	126,235	3,595	875	3,780	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,255	8,099	10,797	8,669	10,957	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,329	6,076	11,043	5,540	12,014	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	115,510	111,400	2,670	725	720	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,614	37,836	34,813	27,308	24,009	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,627	27,873	25,272	17,693	14,351	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	83.1	83.7	76.8	76.4	36.3	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	66.3	67.1	55.5	62.4	26.5	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	17.0	16.3	23.1	23.9	63.7	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	178,585	168,460	4,470	1,240	4,415	5,090
Without total income	9,190	8,435	130	170	460	215
With total income	169,395	160,030	4,335	1,075	3,955	4,870
Percentage with total income	94.9	95.0	97.0	86.7	89.6	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,685	26,560	545	270	1,310	675
$10,000 to $19,999	33,250	30,590	795	230	1,635	910
$20,000 to $29,999	24,840	23,355	685	180	615	775
$30,000 to $39,999	20,090	19,155	615	110	200	670
$40,000 to $49,999	18,240	17,545	520	95	85	565
$50,000 to $59,999	12,505	12,045	370	50	30	395
$60,000 to $69,999	8,445	8,150	220	60	20	245
$70,000 to $79,999	6,165	5,975	145	20	20	155
$80,000 to $89,999	4,880	4,680	180	15	10	185
$90,000 to $99,999	3,690	3,560	115	10	10	115
$100,000 and over	8,595	8,410	145	30	15	155
$100,000 to $149,999	6,105	5,975	105	25	0	110
$150,000 and over	2,495	2,435	40	0	10	45
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	178,585	168,460	4,465	1,240	4,415	5,090
Without after-tax income	9,155	8,405	125	165	460	210
With after-tax income	169,425	160,055	4,345	1,075	3,955	4,875
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	95.0	97.3	86.7	89.6	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	29,270	27,125	570	270	1,315	700
$10,000 to $19,999	34,505	31,765	845	235	1,660	965
$20,000 to $29,999	28,720	27,165	745	200	610	845
$30,000 to $39,999	24,415	23,335	745	125	210	805
$40,000 to $49,999	18,785	18,075	535	90	80	580
$50,000 to $59,999	11,560	11,130	325	80	30	360
$60,000 to $69,999	7,920	7,630	245	25	25	255
$70,000 to $79,999	5,055	4,870	165	10	10	170
$80,000 and over	9,190	8,970	170	35	20	185
$80,000 to $89,999	3,130	3,055	55	15	0	60
$90,000 to $99,999	1,590	1,550	35	10	10	40
$100,000 and over	4,470	4,365	75	20	10	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	178,585	168,460	4,465	1,240	4,415	5,085
Without employment income	63,075	57,065	1,795	515	3,700	2,050
With employment income	115,510	111,395	2,675	725	720	3,035
Percentage with employment income	64.7	66.1	59.9	58.5	16.3	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	21,845	20,840	685	185	140	775
$5,000 to $9,999	9,365	8,990	190	60	120	225
$10,000 to $19,999	16,445	15,795	335	140	175	405
$20,000 to $29,999	13,060	12,640	215	90	125	255
$30,000 to $39,999	12,390	12,010	240	80	65	280
$40,000 to $49,999	10,535	10,185	290	25	40	305
$50,000 to $59,999	7,830	7,620	155	50	10	180
$60,000 to $69,999	5,715	5,550	115	45	0	135
$70,000 to $79,999	4,645	4,505	120	15	10	125
$80,000 and over	13,680	13,280	330	40	30	355
$80,000 to $89,999	3,830	3,685	125	10	0	130
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	2,895	90	10	10	95
$100,000 and over	6,855	6,695	115	20	15	130
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	178,585	168,460	4,465	1,240	4,415	5,085
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	49,790	48,325	1,060	220	180	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	48,921	48,941	50,735	50,134	26,954	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	57,977	58,029	57,809	55,793	47,817	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	213,980	201,820	4,885	1,940	5,335	5,855
English only	189,375	189,375	0	0	0	0
French only	300	0	305	0	0	300
English and French	18,845	12,325	4,575	1,945	0	5,550
Neither English nor French	5,460	120	10	0	5,335	10
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	213,985	201,820	4,880	1,945	5,335	5,855
English	167,775	164,735	3,040	0	0	3,040
French	1,480	120	1,360	0	0	1,360
Non-official language	31,500	24,565	130	1,470	5,340	865
Aboriginal	15	10	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	31,490	24,560	125	1,470	5,335	860
English and French	550	180	140	225	0	250
English and non-official language	12,160	12,100	65	0	0	65
French and non-official language	130	15	115	0	0	110
English, French and non-official language	390	110	35	245	0	155
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,850
None	179,595	170,850	2,925	1,020	4,805	3,435
English	13,425	11,860	650	685	230	995
French	3,015	1,970	985	60	0	1,015
Non-official language	17,165	16,600	205	50	310	230
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	17,165	16,595	205	50	305	230
English and French	140	15	10	115	0	65
English and non-official language	345	260	85	0	0	85
French and non-official language	305	270	25	0	0	30
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	213,985	201,825	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,855
English	144,415	144,415	0	0	0	0
French	4,940	545	4,390	0	0	4,395
Non-official language	58,600	51,415	225	1,625	5,340	1,040
Aboriginal	25	20	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	58,585	51,400	230	1,620	5,335	1,035
English and French	970	740	10	220	0	120
English and non-official language	4,495	4,495	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	305	50	255	0	0	255
English, French and non-official language	250	155	0	95	0	50
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	213,980	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,855
Official languages	208,520	201,700	4,875	1,945	0	5,845
English	208,220	201,700	4,575	1,945	0	5,545
French	19,145	12,325	4,875	1,940	0	5,845
Non-official languages	71,825	63,765	940	1,785	5,340	1,835
Aboriginal languages	50	45	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	71,775	63,720	940	1,780	5,340	1,830
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,855
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	5,565	5,255	295	20	0	305
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	5,245	4,955	270	20	0	285
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	2,705	2,625	70	10	0	75
Métis	2,490	2,280	195	10	0	205
Inuk (Inuit)	50	45	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	160	160	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	160	140	20	0	0	20
Non-Aboriginal identity	208,420	196,565	4,590	1,925	5,335	5,555
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,340	5,855
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	1,525	1,445	70	15	0	75
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	212,460	200,375	4,820	1,930	5,335	5,780
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	213,985	201,820	4,880	1,940	5,340	5,855
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	930	865	55	0	0	60
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	910	855	55	0	0	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	695	670	25	0	0	25
Métis single ancestry	200	170	30	0	0	30
Inuit single ancestry	10	15	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	15	15	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	20	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	8,640	8,280	350	10	0	355
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	8,515	8,165	340	10	0	350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,310	6,085	225	10	0	225
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,135	2,015	115	10	0	120
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70	70	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	130	120	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	115	10	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	204,415	192,670	4,475	1,935	5,335	5,445
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	213,980	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,850
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	196,680	187,655	4,550	1,670	2,800	5,385
Canadian citizens only	185,095	177,045	4,365	1,360	2,330	5,045
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	11,580	10,615	185	305	470	340
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	17,310	14,165	330	275	2,535	470
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,945	5,335	5,855
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	150,600	145,450	3,900	750	505	4,280
Immigrants^Footnote 42	59,485	52,720	940	1,165	4,660	1,525
Before 1981	16,085	15,235	185	75	590	225
1981 to 1990	6,565	6,015	50	150	350	125
1991 to 2000	13,065	11,765	185	255	860	310
2001 to 2010	14,500	12,870	270	460	900	500
2001 to 2005	7,135	6,460	120	155	400	195
2006 to 2010	7,365	6,410	150	305	500	300
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	9,270	6,835	245	235	1,955	365
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	3,895	3,650	40	20	180	60
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	59,485	52,725	935	1,170	4,655	1,520
Under 5 years	6,670	6,105	85	240	240	205
5 to 14 years	10,615	9,905	175	245	290	295
15 to 24 years	13,385	12,700	140	175	365	235
25 to 44 years	23,350	20,755	440	420	1,730	650
45 years and over	5,465	3,260	95	80	2,030	135
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	59,485	52,720	940	1,170	4,655	1,525
Americas	7,655	7,215	100	200	145	200
Brazil	105	100	0	0	0	0
Colombia	315	285	0	10	20	10
El Salvador	670	575	0	15	75	15
Guyana	80	80	0	0	0	0
Haiti	210	95	35	75	10	70
Jamaica	585	580	0	0	0	0
Mexico	385	345	10	20	15	15
Peru	25	25	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	200	195	10	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	4,050	3,945	50	50	0	80
Other places of birth in Americas	1,030	965	0	35	35	20
Europe	19,455	18,170	165	290	830	310
Bosnia and Herzegovina	960	895	0	0	65	0
Croatia	1,305	1,255	0	0	40	10
France	240	120	115	0	0	115
Germany	705	700	0	10	0	0
Greece	680	625	0	0	55	0
Hungary	535	525	0	0	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	75	75	0	0	0	0
Italy	4,010	3,675	15	30	295	30
Netherlands	240	240	0	0	0	0
Poland	1,775	1,685	0	0	90	0
Portugal	230	200	0	10	20	10
Romania	1,735	1,540	0	125	65	65
Russian Federation	345	300	0	15	25	10
Serbia^Footnote 49	1,135	1,020	0	55	50	25
Ukraine	195	180	0	0	15	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	2,595	2,595	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,705	2,530	30	40	105	50
Africa	3,575	2,785	510	165	110	590
Algeria	65	30	20	15	0	25
Egypt	400	365	10	15	15	10
Ethiopia	215	210	0	0	0	0
Kenya	55	55	0	0	0	0
Morocco	55	25	15	15	0	20
Nigeria	420	420	0	0	0	0
Somalia	355	275	10	10	65	10
South Africa, Republic of	215	210	10	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	1,795	1,190	455	115	35	510
Asia	28,715	24,470	170	510	3,565	425
Afghanistan	100	80	0	0	15	0
Bangladesh	565	555	0	10	0	10
China^Footnote 51	3,360	2,610	10	30	725	20
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	370	350	0	0	20	0
India	3,125	2,890	0	20	215	10
Iran^Footnote 53	545	495	0	10	45	0
Iraq	5,765	4,715	15	50	995	40
Japan	40	40	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	175	165	0	0	10	0
Lebanon	3,505	2,900	115	195	290	215
Pakistan	1,875	1,840	0	0	35	0
Philippines	2,225	2,205	0	10	10	10
Sri Lanka	195	195	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 55	1,620	920	25	35	640	40
Taiwan	225	215	0	10	0	10
Viet Nam	1,520	1,245	10	30	240	20
Other places of birth in Asia	3,510	3,065	10	125	320	65
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	80	85	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	9,265	6,835	245	235	1,950	360
Americas	1,155	1,005	15	80	50	55
Brazil	20	20	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	10	0
Cuba	15	15	0	0	0	0
Haiti	105	40	20	40	10	40
Jamaica	45	40	0	0	0	0
Mexico	95	70	0	15	10	10
United States^Footnote 58	685	670	0	15	0	10
Venezuela^Footnote 59	45	35	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	120	0	0	20	0
Europe	595	490	10	10	95	10
France	10	0	10	0	0	0
Germany	25	25	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	75	45	0	10	35	0
Russian Federation	25	15	0	0	10	0
Ukraine	15	10	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	50	55	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	380	325	0	0	50	0
Africa	910	615	200	30	60	215
Algeria	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	35	20	15	0	0	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	170	50	100	20	0	110
Côte d'Ivoire	25	0	25	0	0	25
Egypt	95	100	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	50	45	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	45	45	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	95	95	0	0	0	0
Somalia	95	60	10	0	25	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	260	175	50	0	30	50
Asia	6,590	4,705	20	115	1,750	80
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	170	160	0	10	0	0
China^Footnote 63	710	475	0	10	225	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	725	685	0	0	30	10
Iran^Footnote 65	100	85	0	10	15	0
Iraq	2,030	1,375	0	0	650	10
Israel	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	25	25	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	275	200	15	25	30	30
Nepal	70	30	0	35	10	15
Pakistan	325	305	0	0	15	0
Philippines	380	380	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	120	105	0	0	15	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0	0	0
Syria^Footnote 67	1,015	400	0	0	605	10
Taiwan	45	40	0	0	0	0
Turkey	50	35	0	0	15	0
United Arab Emirates	50	45	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	55	30	0	0	30	0
Other places of birth in Asia	405	290	0	15	105	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	20	20	0	0	0	0
Australia	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,940	5,340	5,855
First generation^Footnote 71	64,615	57,565	995	1,200	4,860	1,595
Second generation^Footnote 72	47,030	45,490	470	640	435	790
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	102,335	98,770	3,415	110	35	3,470
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	43,960	38,000	765	1,095	4,105	1,315
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	15,290	14,270	230	440	350	450
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	5,830	5,430	110	135	150	175
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	9,460	8,840	120	300	200	270
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	12,460	10,680	145	190	1,445	240
Refugees^Footnote 79	15,565	12,465	360	455	2,280	590
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	650	580	30	10	25	40
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	213,985	201,820	4,885	1,940	5,335	5,855
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	57,605	51,230	940	1,245	4,185	1,565
South Asian^Footnote 83	9,640	9,065	35	160	385	110
Chinese	7,340	6,380	10	95	850	60
Black	10,670	9,695	645	170	165	735
Filipino	2,965	2,920	10	25	0	25
Latin American	2,670	2,410	15	100	145	65
Arab	16,115	13,455	180	530	1,945	445
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	3,365	2,995	10	70	290	40
West Asian^Footnote 85	1,290	1,115	20	35	120	30
Korean	315	300	0	0	10	0
Japanese	115	110	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	1,295	1,105	15	20	155	30
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	1,830	1,675	10	40	110	30
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	156,380	150,590	3,945	695	1,150	4,290
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	213,985	201,820	4,880	1,940	5,335	5,855
North American Aboriginal origins	9,570	9,150	410	10	0	415
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,155	6,890	260	0	0	265
Inuit	85	90	0	0	0	0
Métis	2,475	2,310	160	10	0	165
Other North American origins	55,535	53,395	1,880	160	105	1,955
Acadian	225	170	60	0	0	65
American	3,840	3,790	25	15	0	30
Canadian	52,805	50,735	1,820	160	95	1,900
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	85	85	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	30	0	0	0	0
Québécois	100	90	10	0	0	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	15	15	0	0	0	0
European origins	134,135	129,350	3,205	605	980	3,505
British Isles origins	70,485	69,875	535	70	10	565
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	15	10	0	0	0	0
English	38,525	38,215	255	50	10	280
Irish	29,250	28,985	230	40	0	250
Manx	40	35	0	0	0	0
Scottish	27,415	27,265	125	25	0	135
Welsh	2,590	2,565	30	0	0	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	3,720	3,705	15	0	0	15
French origins	44,420	41,325	2,985	100	10	3,040
Alsatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	10	0	0	0
French	44,410	41,320	2,990	100	10	3,040
Western European origins (except French origins)	23,940	23,715	170	45	15	190
Austrian	865	850	0	10	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,335	1,265	65	0	0	65
Dutch	4,850	4,810	20	15	0	30
Flemish	90	80	10	10	0	10
Frisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
German	17,955	17,815	85	40	15	105
Luxembourger	25	25	0	0	0	0
Swiss	400	395	0	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	45	45	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	2,785	2,760	20	0	0	20
Danish	610	595	10	0	0	10
Finnish	675	670	0	0	0	10
Icelandic	125	125	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	665	660	10	0	0	0
Swedish	690	690	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	185	180	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	25,695	25,075	65	295	250	215
Bulgarian	175	160	0	15	10	10
Byelorussian	90	75	0	10	0	0
Czech	810	815	0	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	405	405	0	0	0	0
Estonian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	4,605	4,525	20	20	40	30
Latvian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	295	285	10	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	8,685	8,530	35	30	85	50
Romanian	4,070	3,810	0	180	80	90
Russian	2,280	2,195	10	40	35	25
Slovak	1,545	1,475	0	45	20	25
Ukrainian	6,165	6,130	0	15	15	10
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	105	100	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	33,700	32,490	260	240	715	380
Albanian	1,335	1,205	10	15	105	15
Bosnian	515	475	0	0	40	0
Catalan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	2,345	2,300	0	15	20	15
Cypriot	35	35	0	0	0	0
Greek	1,835	1,765	10	10	60	10
Italian	18,880	18,370	130	75	300	165
Kosovar	75	65	0	0	10	0
Macedonian	1,355	1,330	10	0	10	10
Maltese	855	840	10	0	0	10
Montenegrin	120	115	0	10	0	0
Portuguese	1,650	1,590	20	20	25	30
Serbian	3,215	3,035	10	65	105	45
Sicilian	115	115	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	555	545	0	0	10	0
Spanish	2,190	1,980	120	55	35	145
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	705	680	0	0	15	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	1,055	990	55	10	0	60
Basque	35	30	10	0	0	0
Jewish	620	575	40	10	10	40
Roma (Gypsy)	45	45	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	30	30	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	330	320	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	3,055	2,910	50	70	25	85
Antiguan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	140	140	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	200	195	0	0	0	0
Dominican	115	100	0	0	20	0
Grenadian	30	35	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	360	255	35	70	0	65
Jamaican	1,555	1,545	10	0	0	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	100	100	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	400	400	0	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	40	40	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	220	210	0	0	0	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	60	50	0	0	10	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,480	3,230	25	100	130	70
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	140	115	10	10	10	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	95	95	0	0	0	0
Belizean	60	60	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	50	50	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	145	140	0	0	10	0
Chilean	80	80	0	0	0	0
Colombian	395	365	0	10	20	0
Costa Rican	30	30	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	65	65	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	170	165	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	200	200	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	195	180	0	0	10	10
Honduran	65	70	0	0	0	0
Maya	65	65	0	0	0	0
Mexican	775	745	0	20	10	15
Nicaraguan	170	135	10	20	10	15
Panamanian	40	40	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	55	50	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	790	700	10	20	55	15
Uruguayan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	115	90	10	15	10	15
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	115	110	0	0	10	0
African origins	8,885	7,930	625	160	170	705
Central and West African origins	1,675	1,270	360	10	35	365
Akan	55	25	35	0	0	30
Angolan	25	20	10	0	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	100	55	45	0	0	50
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	370	75	280	0	15	285
Edo	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	145	145	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	75	75	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	55	50	0	10	0	10
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	870	865	0	0	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	0	0	0	15	0
Sierra Leonean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	40	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	45	40	10	0	0	10
North African origins	1,730	1,585	50	65	30	85
Algerian	130	90	10	30	0	30
Berber	10	10	0	0	0	0
Coptic	55	50	0	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	700	650	20	0	20	25
Libyan	175	175	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	70	50	10	10	0	15
Sudanese	655	635	0	20	10	10
Tunisian	10	0	10	10	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,965	1,730	115	20	105	125
Afrikaner	20	20	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	100	15	70	0	0	75
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	150	145	0	0	10	0
Ethiopian	350	355	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	65	55	15	0	0	10
Oromo	40	35	0	0	10	0
Rwandan	125	80	45	10	0	45
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	890	795	10	10	80	10
South African	165	165	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	30	30	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	95	60	30	0	10	30
Other African origins	3,820	3,610	135	70	0	175
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	850	845	0	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	3,000	2,800	135	75	0	170
Asian origins	48,370	43,005	330	985	4,050	820
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	23,705	20,345	270	630	2,465	585
Afghan	245	225	0	0	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	3,110	2,570	15	45	480	35
Armenian	315	285	10	15	0	20
Assyrian	470	385	0	10	80	10
Azerbaijani	30	25	0	0	0	0
Georgian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	830	750	0	15	60	10
Iraqi	6,430	5,475	15	55	885	40
Israeli	80	80	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	450	425	0	15	0	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	130	115	0	0	20	0
Kuwaiti	20	20	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	8,315	7,395	185	415	320	390
Palestinian	1,305	1,200	0	40	65	20
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	130	130	0	0	0	0
Syrian	2,000	1,295	45	50	605	70
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	15	0	0	0	0
Turk	710	665	0	15	30	10
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	25	20	0	10	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	110	100	0	0	10	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	760	710	10	10	35	10
South Asian origins	9,710	9,085	35	180	410	125
Bangladeshi	355	345	0	0	10	0
Bengali	140	140	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	210	115	0	35	50	25
East Indian	5,910	5,585	30	45	250	50
Goan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	35	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	40	40	0	0	10	0
Nepali	320	195	10	50	65	30
Pakistani	2,105	2,030	0	15	65	10
Punjabi	505	455	0	30	20	15
Sinhalese	30	30	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	270	260	0	10	0	0
Tamil	80	80	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	645	615	0	25	10	15
East and Southeast Asian origins	15,020	13,635	30	180	1,185	115
Burmese	75	75	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	665	605	0	10	50	0
Chinese	8,340	7,350	15	90	890	55
Filipino	3,300	3,270	0	15	10	15
Hmong	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	85	85	0	0	0	0
Japanese	185	185	0	0	0	0
Karen	135	100	0	0	35	0
Korean	355	340	0	0	15	0
Laotian	325	325	0	0	10	0
Malaysian	45	45	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	130	125	0	0	0	0
Thai	95	95	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,315	2,045	10	65	200	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	70	60	0	0	10	0
Other Asian origins	275	270	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	275	275	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	125	130	0	0	0	0
Australian	85	80	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	30	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	15	0	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	178,585	168,465	4,465	1,240	4,420	5,085
No certificate, diploma or degree	33,835	29,855	950	270	2,760	1,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	57,110	54,455	1,320	355	980	1,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	87,640	84,145	2,195	625	675	2,510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,635	10,120	340	75	95	380
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	4,995	4,725	180	45	50	195
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	5,635	5,390	165	30	45	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	36,290	34,945	980	160	195	1,060
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,370	3,150	100	35	85	115
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	37,355	35,930	780	355	300	950
Bachelor's degree	24,685	23,700	530	230	225	645
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,445	2,335	50	30	25	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,120	1,095	0	0	20	10
Master's degree	7,530	7,295	135	70	25	170
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	1,575	1,500	60	15	0	70
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	178,585	168,460	4,470	1,240	4,415	5,085
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	90,945	84,315	2,270	615	3,740	2,580
Education	5,385	4,990	285	80	30	325
13. Education	5,385	4,985	285	85	30	325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,270	2,175	45	10	35	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	275	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,985	1,900	45	10	30	50
Humanities	3,995	3,785	135	40	40	155
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	410	375	10	15	15	10
23. English language and literature/letters	1,095	1,080	10	10	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	920	855	50	0	0	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	35	35	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	220	215	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	345	10	10	0	15
54. History	710	690	10	0	10	15
55. French language and literature/letters	245	185	35	15	0	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,370	10,005	240	60	65	270
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	115	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,390	1,375	15	10	0	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,985	1,905	60	10	15	60
22. Legal professions and studies	1,495	1,455	15	10	20	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	120	115	10	0	0	0
42. Psychology	2,170	2,095	65	0	0	65
45. Social sciences	3,090	2,945	80	45	25	105
Business, management and public administration	16,025	15,385	365	145	130	435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	30	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,550	1,515	25	15	0	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,445	13,850	340	135	125	400
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,255	3,105	65	40	40	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,515	1,455	30	25	10	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	540	520	10	0	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	10	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	940	880	20	10	30	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	250	245	0	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,525	3,425	70	10	15	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,855	2,770	65	0	10	70
25. Library science	180	175	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	460	450	0	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	30	30	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	20,265	19,520	440	120	180	500
04. Architecture and related services	630	630	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	5,880	5,655	65	70	90	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	3,625	3,500	85	0	40	90
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,920	2,795	100	10	20	100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,225	3,060	130	10	20	140
48. Precision production	3,985	3,880	60	25	15	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	910	850	45	15	10	50
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	670	630	30	10	0	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	220	15	0	0	20
Health and related fields	15,895	15,340	375	80	100	420
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,015	975	15	10	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs	14,610	14,105	365	70	75	395
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	265	255	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,745	5,560	135	15	35	145
12. Personal and culinary services	3,545	3,415	95	10	25	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,520	1,500	20	0	0	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	630	600	20	10	10	20
Other	10	10	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	178,585	168,465	4,465	1,245	4,420	5,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90,940	84,315	2,270	615	3,740	2,575
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	87,640	84,145	2,195	625	680	2,505
Location of study inside Canada	68,160	65,895	1,900	325	40	2,065
Same as province or territory of residence	65,535	63,610	1,615	275	45	1,750
Different than province or territory of residence	2,625	2,290	285	55	0	310
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	19,475	18,255	300	295	635	445
United States^Footnote 130	4,765	4,660	70	40	0	90
Philippines	1,085	1,075	0	0	0	0
India	1,555	1,530	0	0	20	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	995	980	15	0	0	15
China^Footnote 132	1,710	1,490	0	10	215	0
France	120	30	85	0	0	90
Other	9,250	8,485	120	240	400	245
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	178,585	168,460	4,465	1,245	4,415	not applicable ...
In the labour force	101,875	98,465	2,165	620	630	not applicable ...
Employed	92,530	89,490	1,985	530	520	not applicable ...
Unemployed	9,345	8,970	175	85	110	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	76,710	70,000	2,305	625	3,785	not applicable ...
Participation rate	57.0	58.5	48.5	49.8	14.3	not applicable ...
Employment rate	51.8	53.1	44.5	42.6	11.8	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	9.2	9.1	8.1	13.7	17.5	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	178,585	168,460	4,465	1,240	4,415	5,090
Did not work^Footnote 135	75,835	69,190	2,205	605	3,830	2,505
Worked	102,750	99,265	2,260	635	590	2,580
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	50,955	49,470	1,075	225	185	1,185
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	51,790	49,795	1,185	415	400	1,390
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	42.7	41.1	36.2	37.7	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	106,705	103,030	2,345	685	650	2,685
a.Management	7,340	7,145	110	50	35	135
00 Senior management occupations	455	435	15	0	10	15
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	2,205	2,155	30	10	10	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	3,280	3,190	50	25	10	60
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	1,395	1,355	10	10	20	15
b.Professional	17,005	16,325	510	165	10	595
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	2,165	2,090	55	20	0	65
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	4,065	3,955	65	45	0	90
30 Professional occupations in nursing	2,310	2,250	55	0	0	60
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	1,430	1,415	10	10	0	15
40 Professional occupations in education services	4,265	3,930	255	80	0	295
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	2,010	1,955	45	10	0	50
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	755	730	25	0	0	20
c.Technical and paraprofessional	9,270	8,995	205	55	10	235
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	2,780	2,685	80	15	10	80
32 Technical occupations in health	2,100	2,080	20	0	0	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	2,290	2,180	75	35	0	95
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	490	485	10	0	0	10
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,610	1,570	30	10	10	30
d.Administration and administrative support	11,400	11,040	270	50	40	300
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	4,495	4,345	120	15	15	125
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	930	905	25	10	0	25
14 Office support occupations	3,820	3,680	95	25	20	105
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	2,155	2,115	35	10	0	40
e.Sales	10,215	9,965	140	65	45	175
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	1,960	1,935	20	10	0	25
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	4,425	4,310	75	25	15	80
66 Sales support occupations	3,835	3,725	45	30	30	60
f.Personal and customer information services	22,550	21,680	520	125	225	585
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	2,235	2,190	25	20	0	35
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	1,915	1,775	95	0	35	105
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	4,075	3,910	60	20	85	65
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	6,565	6,310	185	40	25	200
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	7,765	7,490	150	50	80	170
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	8,275	8,030	180	10	50	180
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	5,750	5,580	115	0	50	120
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	2,525	2,455	60	0	10	60
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	7,110	6,830	160	65	50	195
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	2,010	1,970	25	10	0	30
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	3,970	3,800	95	40	30	115
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	1,130	1,055	40	15	20	45
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,510	1,380	40	20	60	55
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	175	160	15	0	0	15
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	390	340	15	0	30	15
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	950	880	15	20	30	25
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,035	11,640	210	70	115	245
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	875	860	15	0	0	10
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	2,255	2,190	30	10	20	35
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	6,520	6,330	115	30	50	135
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	2,385	2,260	45	30	50	60
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	106,705	103,025	2,345	690	650	2,690
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,095	940	35	40	90	50
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	995	850	30	35	85	50
113 Forestry and logging	0	10	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	25	30	0	0	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	70	60	0	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	160	10	0	0	15
211 Oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	100	90	10	0	0	15
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	55	55	0	0	0	0
22 Utilities	400	390	0	0	0	10
221 Utilities	400	390	10	0	0	10
23 Construction	5,155	4,940	155	15	45	165
236 Construction of buildings	1,265	1,205	45	10	0	45
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	485	465	10	0	0	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	3,405	3,265	100	15	30	105
31-33 Manufacturing	20,600	19,990	345	95	170	390
311 Food manufacturing	670	620	10	15	25	20
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	215	215	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	40	40	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	100	85	10	0	0	10
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	115	110	0	0	0	10
322 Paper manufacturing	80	80	0	0	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	790	780	10	0	0	15
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	15	10	0	0	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	805	790	10	0	0	10
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	1,875	1,830	15	10	25	15
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	230	225	0	0	0	10
331 Primary metal manufacturing	535	510	15	0	0	20
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,605	1,575	15	0	15	15
333 Machinery manufacturing	2,970	2,890	35	10	45	40
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	220	215	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	110	100	0	0	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	9,505	9,250	195	40	30	210
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	220	190	20	0	0	20
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	475	455	0	10	0	10
41 Wholesale trade	2,700	2,570	70	15	40	85
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	60	50	0	0	15	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	25	20	0	0	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	520	470	15	15	15	25
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	275	265	10	0	0	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	430	405	15	0	0	20
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	425	410	15	0	0	15
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	525	520	10	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	375	375	0	0	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	65	65	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	11,650	11,380	160	65	40	195
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,440	1,415	25	0	0	25
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	465	455	10	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	425	410	10	0	0	10
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	690	680	15	0	0	15
445 Food and beverage stores	2,485	2,425	35	25	10	40
446 Health and personal care stores	1,365	1,330	20	15	0	25
447 Gasoline stations	260	240	0	10	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,340	1,310	15	15	0	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	475	465	10	0	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	1,625	1,595	15	0	10	20
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	750	745	0	0	0	10
454 Non-store retailers	315	305	10	0	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,865	4,705	100	45	15	125
481 Air transportation	45	40	0	0	0	10
482 Rail transportation	125	120	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	15	10	0	0	0	10
484 Truck transportation	2,160	2,090	40	20	10	55
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	805	770	20	10	0	25
486 Pipeline transportation	0	10	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	735	715	10	10	10	15
491 Postal service	395	390	0	0	0	10
492 Couriers and messengers	370	365	10	0	0	10
493 Warehousing and storage	205	205	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,415	1,370	40	10	0	45
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	380	375	10	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	180	180	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	105	105	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	525	490	30	0	0	30
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	15	15	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	205	205	0	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	3,115	3,050	35	25	0	45
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	1,150	1,140	0	10	0	10
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	380	365	0	10	0	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	1,575	1,535	35	10	0	35
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	0	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,545	1,475	35	10	20	45
531 Real estate	1,305	1,265	25	0	20	25
532 Rental and leasing services	230	205	15	0	0	20
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	10	0	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,690	5,550	75	45	15	100
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,690	5,550	75	45	15	105
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	55	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	50	55	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	6,080	5,870	135	55	20	160
561 Administrative and support services	5,875	5,665	135	55	20	165
562 Waste management and remediation services	205	200	0	0	0	0
61 Educational services	7,855	7,305	440	105	0	490
611 Educational services	7,855	7,310	440	100	10	490
62 Health care and social assistance	12,880	12,520	270	65	20	305
621 Ambulatory health care services	4,080	3,985	70	15	10	80
622 Hospitals	3,640	3,550	85	10	0	90
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	2,900	2,835	50	10	0	55
624 Social assistance	2,255	2,155	65	30	10	75
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,195	3,125	65	0	10	60
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	480	465	15	0	0	15
712 Heritage institutions	70	70	0	0	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	2,645	2,595	50	0	0	50
72 Accommodation and food services	9,735	9,420	130	60	115	165
721 Accommodation services	705	685	20	0	0	20
722 Food services and drinking places	9,020	8,735	115	55	115	140
81 Other services (except public administration)	4,790	4,590	120	25	50	135
811 Repair and maintenance	1,590	1,525	35	15	15	40
812 Personal and laundry services	1,840	1,790	40	0	10	40
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	1,065	1,020	35	0	10	40
814 Private households	295	255	10	10	25	15
91 Public administration	3,720	3,610	95	10	0	100
911 Federal government public administration	1,270	1,210	50	10	0	55
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	520	500	20	0	0	20
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	1,920	1,895	25	0	0	25
914 Aboriginal public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	92,530	89,495	1,985	530	520	2,250
Worked at home	3,325	3,165	95	30	40	105
Worked outside Canada	3,950	3,875	45	20	0	55
No fixed workplace address	8,450	8,085	215	60	85	245
Worked at usual place	76,805	74,370	1,630	425	390	1,845
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	106,705	103,025	2,345	685	650	2,685
English	103,775	101,155	1,820	530	275	2,085
French	770	335	385	50	0	410
Non-official language	855	525	10	0	320	15
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	855	525	10	0	320	15
English and French	415	220	110	80	0	155
English and non-official language	860	785	10	10	55	15
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	10	10	10	0	15
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	106,705	103,030	2,340	685	650	2,685
None	102,045	99,175	1,780	540	545	2,055
English	740	500	175	20	50	185
French	1,290	875	370	45	0	390
Non-official language	2,550	2,420	10	70	55	45
Aboriginal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,540	2,415	10	70	55	45
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	10	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	65	50	0	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	76,810	74,365	1,630	420	395	1,845
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	60,310	58,415	1,315	330	245	1,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15,020	14,505	300	70	145	340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,340	1,310	10	20	0	15
Commute to a different province or territory	140	135	10	0	0	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	85,260	82,450	1,845	485	475	2,090
Car, truck, van - as a driver	69,535	67,270	1,600	390	280	1,790
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,685	5,430	110	45	95	135
Public transit	4,375	4,275	30	25	45	45
Walked	3,620	3,510	55	15	35	65
Bicycle	1,160	1,105	40	10	10	40
Other method	885	850	15	10	10	15
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	85,260	82,450	1,850	485	475	2,090
Less than 15 minutes	32,845	31,825	695	190	140	785
15 to 29 minutes	40,275	39,045	895	185	160	985
30 to 44 minutes	7,715	7,360	200	65	95	230
45 to 59 minutes	2,535	2,425	40	20	45	55
60 minutes and over	1,885	1,800	25	25	35	30
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	85,260	82,450	1,845	485	480	2,090
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,320	5,130	95	20	70	105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,030	14,535	335	70	90	370
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	18,270	17,605	490	100	75	540
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	16,050	15,470	405	115	50	460
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,660	9,330	200	50	80	220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,940	20,370	330	130	110	395
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	211,835	199,875	4,865	1,930	5,160	5,830
Non-movers	182,610	173,080	4,160	1,655	3,705	4,990
Movers	29,225	26,795	700	275	1,455	840
Non-migrants	19,435	18,510	390	120	415	455
Migrants	9,790	8,285	310	155	1,040	390
Internal migrants	6,300	5,740	265	130	170	330
Intraprovincial migrants	4,950	4,665	180	45	60	200
Interprovincial migrants	1,350	1,075	85	80	105	125
External migrants	3,490	2,545	45	30	870	60
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	202,735	191,350	4,785	1,870	4,725	5,725
Non-movers	124,630	118,405	3,080	1,050	2,100	3,600
Movers	78,105	72,940	1,710	820	2,630	2,120
Non-migrants	49,645	47,670	925	420	635	1,135
Migrants	28,455	25,275	785	405	1,995	985
Internal migrants	17,655	16,640	560	225	235	675
Intraprovincial migrants	14,455	13,855	390	80	130	430
Interprovincial migrants	3,200	2,785	170	140	100	245
External migrants	10,800	8,635	220	180	1,760	315

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Windsor, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.5%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.