Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984), First Official Language Spoken (6), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 12

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (984)	First official language spoken (6)
	Total - First official language spoken	English	French	English and French	Neither English nor French	Official language minority (number)^Footnote 1
Population in private households - 25% sample data	65,730	61,820	3,710	105	95	3,765
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	65,730	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
0 to 14 years	14,590	14,170	315	55	45	345
0 to 4 years	4,945	4,770	120	15	35	130
5 to 9 years	5,005	4,870	95	35	0	110
10 to 14 years	4,645	4,535	100	10	0	105
15 to 64 years	43,845	41,280	2,485	55	30	2,505
15 to 19 years	4,340	4,195	130	15	0	140
20 to 24 years	4,105	3,965	140	0	0	140
25 to 29 years	4,920	4,670	235	15	0	245
30 to 34 years	5,085	4,790	270	10	10	275
35 to 39 years	4,490	4,230	250	10	10	250
40 to 44 years	4,095	3,860	235	0	0	235
45 to 49 years	4,020	3,815	200	0	0	200
50 to 54 years	4,810	4,480	320	10	0	325
55 to 59 years	4,470	4,110	360	10	0	365
60 to 64 years	3,505	3,170	330	0	10	330
65 years and over	7,300	6,365	915	0	20	915
65 to 69 years	2,650	2,395	250	0	0	255
70 to 74 years	1,910	1,615	285	0	10	280
75 to 79 years	1,380	1,195	175	0	0	180
80 to 84 years	845	715	130	0	10	125
85 years and over	525	450	70	0	0	70
85 to 89 years	395	320	70	0	0	75
90 to 94 years	105	105	0	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	25	20	0	0	10	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0
Average age	36.2	35.5	48.0	20.2	32.3	not applicable ...
Median age	34.8	34.1	51.1	14.0	30.3	not applicable ...
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,425
Married or living common law	32,195	29,560	2,570	30	35	2,585
Married	25,465	23,240	2,165	20	35	2,175
Living common law	6,735	6,320	405	10	0	410
Not married and not living common law	18,945	18,090	820	25	10	835
Never married	13,345	12,910	415	25	0	425
Separated	1,185	1,135	55	0	0	50
Divorced	2,365	2,210	160	0	0	155
Widowed	2,045	1,835	205	0	10	205
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	51,140	47,650	3,395	55	50	3,420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,720	45,290	3,335	50	50	not applicable ...
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,154	56,914	76,038	35,452	11,303	not applicable ...
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,591	41,059	49,392	19,035	11,216	not applicable ...
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	48,755	45,320	3,335	50	50	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,510	46,608	60,566	29,921	10,984	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,416	37,111	42,998	18,523	11,216	not applicable ...
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	44,580	41,325	3,170	50	35	not applicable ...
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	58,463	57,355	73,820	34,839	0	not applicable ...
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,088	41,880	45,944	18,639	0	not applicable ...
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	28,250	26,315	1,885	20	35	not applicable ...
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,044	7,891	10,236	0	8,119	not applicable ...
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,752	5,414	10,276	0	4,534	not applicable ...
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	39,645	36,925	2,665	40	15	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	54,959	54,535	61,381	0	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,681	41,379	48,404	0	0	not applicable ...
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	not applicable ...
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	92.0	91.9	92.4	88.4	0.0	not applicable ...
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	76.9	78.1	64.6	0.0	0.0	not applicable ...
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	8.0	8.1	7.6	0.0	55.9	not applicable ...
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	51,145	47,645	3,390	55	50	3,420
Without total income	2,420	2,355	65	0	0	65
With total income	48,725	45,295	3,330	50	50	3,355
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.1	98.2	90.9	100.0	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,610	6,295	270	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$10,000 to $19,999	6,250	5,890	330	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	330
$20,000 to $29,999	5,880	5,395	475	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	480
$30,000 to $39,999	4,890	4,540	340	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	340
$40,000 to $49,999	4,240	3,975	265	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	265
$50,000 to $59,999	3,775	3,455	320	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	320
$60,000 to $69,999	3,260	2,955	305	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	305
$70,000 to $79,999	2,725	2,535	185	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	185
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	1,875	145	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	145
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,685	150	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	150
$100,000 and over	7,240	6,685	555	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	555
$100,000 to $149,999	4,380	4,050	320	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	325
$150,000 and over	2,860	2,630	230	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	230
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,420
Without after-tax income	2,390	2,325	60	10	0	60
With after-tax income	48,750	45,320	3,335	50	50	3,360
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.1	98.2	90.9	100.0	98.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,770	6,455	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	290
$10,000 to $19,999	6,515	6,140	350	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	355
$20,000 to $29,999	6,820	6,245	560	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	560
$30,000 to $39,999	5,790	5,405	385	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	385
$40,000 to $49,999	5,230	4,845	375	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	380
$50,000 to $59,999	4,390	3,945	440	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	440
$60,000 to $69,999	3,350	3,155	190	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	190
$70,000 to $79,999	2,700	2,510	190	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	190
$80,000 and over	7,190	6,615	575	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	575
$80,000 to $89,999	1,755	1,620	135	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	140
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	1,250	125	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	125
$100,000 and over	4,055	3,745	310	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	310
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,420
Without employment income	11,500	10,725	735	15	35	740
With employment income	39,645	36,925	2,665	35	20	2,685
Percentage with employment income	77.5	77.5	78.5	63.6	40.0	78.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,050	4,690	350	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	355
$5,000 to $9,999	2,650	2,550	95	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	100
$10,000 to $19,999	4,215	3,945	255	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	260
$20,000 to $29,999	3,605	3,320	275	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	280
$30,000 to $39,999	3,765	3,545	215	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	215
$40,000 to $49,999	3,185	3,005	180	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	180
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085	2,860	230	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	225
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	2,355	235	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	240
$70,000 to $79,999	2,265	2,090	170	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	175
$80,000 and over	9,235	8,570	660	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	660
$80,000 to $89,999	1,735	1,645	90	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	90
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610	1,460	145	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	150
$100,000 and over	5,885	5,470	420	too unreliable to be published F	too unreliable to be published F	420
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	51,145	47,650	3,390	55	50	3,420
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	17,860	16,530	1,325	0	0	not applicable ...
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	62,384	61,850	64,443	0	0	not applicable ...
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	73,352	73,238	74,955	0	0	not applicable ...
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
English only	57,955	57,955	0	0	0	0
French only	110	0	110	0	0	105
English and French	7,575	3,860	3,600	105	0	3,655
Neither English nor French	100	0	0	0	95	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
English	61,165	58,830	2,340	0	0	2,340
French	1,285	55	1,230	0	0	1,230
Non-official language	1,900	1,770	0	30	95	20
Aboriginal	305	300	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,600	1,470	10	35	90	20
English and French	200	15	115	70	0	150
English and non-official language	1,155	1,150	0	0	0	10
French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	10
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	65,735	61,820	3,710	105	100	3,765
None	58,760	56,520	2,050	95	95	2,100
English	1,680	1,005	665	10	0	670
French	1,955	1,005	945	0	0	945
Non-official language	3,295	3,250	40	0	0	45
Aboriginal	1,555	1,555	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,745	1,700	40	0	0	40
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	25	10	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
English	54,310	54,315	0	0	0	0
French	3,940	305	3,635	0	0	3,630
Non-official language	6,440	6,265	40	35	95	60
Aboriginal	1,865	1,860	0	0	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	4,575	4,410	35	40	90	60
English and French	400	300	25	70	0	60
English and non-official language	620	615	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	10	10	0	0	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 19	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
Official languages	65,640	61,820	3,710	105	0	3,765
English	65,535	61,820	3,600	105	0	3,660
French	7,680	3,860	3,710	105	0	3,765
Non-official languages	8,980	8,620	220	45	95	240
Aboriginal languages	2,865	2,855	0	0	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,115	5,775	215	40	90	235
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 20	65,730	61,820	3,710	105	95	3,760
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 21	14,945	14,760	180	0	0	180
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 22	14,845	14,660	180	0	10	180
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 23	7,990	7,955	30	0	0	30
Métis	6,770	6,620	145	0	0	145
Inuk (Inuit)	90	85	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	65	65	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 25	30	30	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	50,790	47,065	3,530	105	90	3,585
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 26	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 27	8,005	7,965	40	0	0	35
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	57,725	53,855	3,675	105	90	3,725
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	65,735	61,820	3,710	105	95	3,765
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 29	8,155	8,115	40	0	10	40
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 30	7,450	7,410	35	0	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 31	5,570	5,555	10	0	0	10
Métis single ancestry	1,875	1,840	30	0	0	30
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 32	705	705	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	700	705	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 33	7,450	7,245	205	0	0	210
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 34	6,745	6,545	200	0	0	200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,570	3,490	80	0	0	85
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,070	2,955	115	0	0	115
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	95	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	700	700	0	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	690	685	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 36	50,125	46,460	3,465	105	90	3,515
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 37	65,735	61,820	3,710	105	100	3,765
Canadian citizens^Footnote 38	63,440	59,630	3,665	95	55	3,715
Canadian citizens only	62,890	59,110	3,640	85	55	3,680
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	550	520	25	10	0	30
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 39	2,295	2,190	50	15	45	50
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 40	65,730	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
Non-immigrants^Footnote 41	61,285	57,570	3,585	80	50	3,625
Immigrants^Footnote 42	3,930	3,745	110	25	45	125
Before 1981	960	935	20	0	10	15
1981 to 1990	310	300	15	10	0	15
1991 to 2000	445	420	15	10	0	15
2001 to 2010	885	835	40	10	0	40
2001 to 2005	330	310	20	0	0	20
2006 to 2010	555	525	20	10	0	20
2011 to 2016^Footnote 43	1,325	1,260	30	10	30	35
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 44	520	500	10	10	10	15
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 45	3,925	3,745	110	25	45	120
Under 5 years	435	420	10	0	0	10
5 to 14 years	965	925	25	10	0	30
15 to 24 years	785	755	20	10	10	25
25 to 44 years	1,485	1,415	55	0	15	55
45 years and over	250	230	0	0	20	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 46	3,925	3,745	110	20	45	120
Americas	765	755	10	0	0	10
Brazil	55	55	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	100	0	0	0	0
Mexico	70	70	0	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	25	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 47	375	375	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	100	100	0	0	0	0
Europe	1,065	1,035	25	10	10	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	15	0	0	0	0
Croatia	20	20	0	0	0	0
France	25	10	20	0	0	20
Germany	165	165	0	0	0	0
Greece	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hungary	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 48	25	25	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0	0	0	0
Netherlands	45	50	0	0	0	0
Poland	110	105	0	0	10	0
Portugal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	20	20	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	35	35	0	0	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 49	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	25	30	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 50	440	435	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	85	0	0	0	0
Africa	335	260	65	0	10	70
Algeria	20	10	0	10	0	10
Egypt	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	15	15	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	40	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	105	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	75	55	0	0	55
Asia	1,710	1,645	10	15	35	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 51	145	130	0	0	10	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 52	35	30	0	0	0	0
India	100	100	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 53	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 54	15	15	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	100	95	0	10	0	10
Pakistan	20	20	0	0	0	0
Philippines	1,030	1,025	10	0	10	10
Sri Lanka	80	65	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 55	15	10	0	0	10	0
Taiwan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	30	20	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	90	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 56	45	45	0	0	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 57	1,330	1,255	30	10	35	35
Americas	150	155	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	55	0	0	0	0
Mexico	40	35	0	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 58	45	45	0	0	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 59	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0	0	0	0
Europe	110	105	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 61	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	15	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 62	45	40	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	15	0	0	0	0
Africa	105	75	30	10	0	30
Algeria	20	10	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	25	15	10	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	20	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	0	10	10
Asia	955	925	0	0	25	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^Footnote 63	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 64	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	45	45	0	0	0	0
Iran^Footnote 65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 66	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Philippines	755	750	0	0	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	65	0	0	15	0
Syria^Footnote 67	10	10	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 68	10	10	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 69	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 70	65,730	61,820	3,715	105	95	3,765
First generation^Footnote 71	4,755	4,525	145	35	50	165
Second generation^Footnote 72	7,495	7,170	275	20	35	285
Third generation or more^Footnote 73	53,490	50,130	3,295	55	10	3,325
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 74	3,005	2,845	90	25	40	100
Economic immigrants^Footnote 75	1,850	1,785	40	10	20	45
Principal applicants^Footnote 76	690	660	25	0	0	25
Secondary applicants^Footnote 77	1,165	1,125	15	10	20	15
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 78	930	850	45	15	15	55
Refugees^Footnote 79	205	195	10	0	0	0
Other immigrants^Footnote 80	15	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 81	65,730	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
Total visible minority population^Footnote 82	4,085	3,820	170	40	60	190
South Asian^Footnote 83	435	410	0	0	20	0
Chinese	320	280	30	0	15	25
Black	675	555	105	15	10	110
Filipino	1,530	1,505	10	10	10	15
Latin American	165	160	0	0	0	0
Arab	535	505	10	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^Footnote 84	75	65	0	10	0	0
West Asian^Footnote 85	30	30	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	40	0	0	0	0
Japanese	65	65	0	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 86	60	60	10	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 87	155	145	15	0	0	15
Not a visible minority^Footnote 88	61,645	58,000	3,545	65	35	3,575
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 89	65,735	61,820	3,710	110	95	3,765
North American Aboriginal origins	15,605	15,355	245	0	0	250
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,540	10,440	90	0	10	90
Inuit	135	130	10	0	0	0
Métis	6,350	6,195	155	0	0	155
Other North American origins	18,665	16,800	1,825	35	10	1,840
Acadian	105	85	20	0	0	20
American	955	880	65	15	0	75
Canadian	17,830	16,015	1,785	15	10	1,795
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	30	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	80	60	15	0	0	15
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 90	10	10	0	0	0	0
European origins	44,930	42,265	2,565	60	35	2,595
British Isles origins	24,540	24,125	375	40	0	395
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	13,890	13,705	150	35	0	170
Irish	9,715	9,520	190	10	0	185
Manx	15	15	0	0	0	0
Scottish	10,170	10,075	95	0	0	100
Welsh	960	960	0	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 91	1,100	1,080	10	0	0	10
French origins	14,175	11,710	2,410	55	0	2,440
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	14,175	11,705	2,410	55	0	2,435
Western European origins (except French origins)	12,245	12,050	160	15	15	170
Austrian	465	465	0	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	295	260	35	0	0	35
Dutch	2,035	2,030	10	0	0	0
Flemish	40	40	0	0	0	0
Frisian	30	30	0	0	0	0
German	9,950	9,810	105	15	15	115
Luxembourger	15	15	0	0	0	0
Swiss	335	320	10	0	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	10	10	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	5,295	5,265	30	0	0	30
Danish	720	710	10	0	0	0
Finnish	295	295	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	320	315	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,705	2,685	15	0	0	15
Swedish	1,420	1,415	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	210	210	0	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	15,450	15,320	100	10	20	105
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	165	135	25	0	0	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 94	160	160	0	0	0	0
Estonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	440	430	10	0	0	10
Latvian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	30	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	0	10	0	0
Polish	4,345	4,310	25	0	10	25
Romanian	730	720	10	0	0	10
Russian	1,760	1,735	25	0	0	20
Slovak	110	110	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	11,090	11,040	45	0	10	45
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	30	30	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	1,900	1,855	40	0	0	45
Albanian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	90	90	0	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	130	130	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,140	1,120	20	0	0	20
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	55	50	0	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	85	75	10	0	0	10
Serbian	25	20	0	0	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Spanish	325	320	10	0	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	55	50	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	210	210	0	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	30	35	0	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	175	170	10	0	0	10
Caribbean origins	325	270	55	0	0	50
Antiguan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	45	0	45	0	0	40
Jamaican	185	185	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	20	10	0	0	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	20	0	20	0	0	20
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	30	25	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	370	325	40	0	10	40
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	35	10	0	0	10
Chilean	35	35	0	0	0	0
Colombian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Costa Rican	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	30	25	0	0	10	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	15	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	95	95	0	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 102	70	50	20	0	0	20
African origins	660	515	120	15	0	130
Central and West African origins	235	170	55	15	0	55
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	30	20	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	10	10	0	20
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	75	65	10	0	0	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	50	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	15	10	10	0	0	10
North African origins	75	55	10	0	0	15
Algerian	25	15	0	0	10	10
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	40	30	0	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	185	140	35	0	0	35
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 105	25	10	20	0	0	20
Burundian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	25	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	15	0	0	0	0
South African	65	65	0	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	20	20	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	195	155	35	0	0	35
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	40	30	10	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	160	120	35	0	0	35
Asian origins	3,445	3,335	40	25	40	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	760	750	0	0	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	60	60	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Iraqi	20	25	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	40	35	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	495	495	0	10	0	10
Palestinian	70	70	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	40	40	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	20	20	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	460	440	0	0	20	0
Bangladeshi	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	285	285	0	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	30	30	0	0	0	0
Punjabi	45	45	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	25	30	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	85	65	0	0	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 111	0	0	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,270	2,190	40	20	20	50
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	25	0	0	0	0
Chinese	545	500	30	0	15	30
Filipino	1,600	1,570	10	10	10	15
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	95	85	0	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	50	0	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	35	35	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	20	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	35	0	10	0	10
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	90	90	0	0	0	0
Australian	25	30	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	40	40	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	20	25	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	10	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 114	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 116	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,420
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,065	11,360	675	0	25	675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 117	14,220	13,410	785	20	0	790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,865	22,875	1,935	35	10	1,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,385	6,695	690	0	10	685
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 118	2,275	2,060	205	0	0	210
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 119	5,110	4,625	480	0	0	480
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	10,595	9,815	760	20	10	765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,315	1,225	90	0	10	90
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,570	5,150	400	15	0	410
Bachelor's degree	4,415	4,090	310	15	0	315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	330	300	20	0	0	30
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	130	10	0	0	10
Master's degree	650	595	55	0	0	55
Earned doctorate^Footnote 120	50	40	10	0	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 121	51,145	47,650	3,395	55	50	3,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 122	26,280	24,770	1,455	20	35	1,465
Education	2,240	2,000	230	0	0	230
13. Education	2,240	2,005	235	0	0	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	375	345	35	0	0	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	70	0	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	305	265	30	0	0	35
Humanities	615	560	50	10	0	55
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	35	10	10	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	100	95	0	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	165	30	0	0	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 123	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	30	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	160	10	0	0	10
54. History	75	70	0	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,510	1,420	85	10	0	90
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	55	10	0	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75	75	10	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	650	45	0	0	40
22. Legal professions and studies	235	220	15	0	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 124	10	10	0	0	0	0
42. Psychology	190	185	10	0	0	10
45. Social sciences	250	225	20	0	0	20
Business, management and public administration	3,835	3,580	250	10	0	255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	40	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	420	420	0	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,380	3,120	255	10	0	250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	440	390	50	0	0	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	100	10	0	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	110	15	0	0	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 125	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	135	125	15	0	0	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	50	10	0	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	350	25	0	0	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	305	20	0	0	15
25. Library science	25	25	10	0	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 126	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,760	7,995	745	10	10	750
04. Architecture and related services	50	50	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	610	575	30	0	10	30
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,280	1,230	45	10	0	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,180	1,935	240	0	0	240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,615	3,265	350	0	0	355
48. Precision production	1,020	940	75	0	10	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	990	940	50	0	0	55
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	550	515	30	0	10	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	425	20	0	0	20
Health and related fields	3,600	3,360	230	10	0	230
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	175	165	0	0	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	3,405	3,170	225	10	0	230
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	20	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,125	1,935	185	0	0	185
12. Personal and culinary services	1,090	990	105	0	0	105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	45	25	0	0	25
43. Security and protective services	375	345	30	0	0	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	540	35	0	0	30
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 127	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,280	24,770	1,455	15	35	1,465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 128	24,860	22,880	1,940	35	10	1,955
Location of study inside Canada	22,990	21,075	1,890	25	0	1,895
Same as province or territory of residence	17,515	16,220	1,285	10	0	1,295
Different than province or territory of residence	5,465	4,855	600	15	0	605
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 129	1,875	1,800	55	10	10	60
United States^Footnote 130	385	370	15	0	0	15
Philippines	750	755	0	0	0	0
India	55	55	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 131	130	125	10	0	0	10
China^Footnote 132	40	30	0	0	0	0
France	15	0	15	0	0	15
Other	505	470	15	10	10	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 133	51,140	47,650	3,395	55	50	not applicable ...
In the labour force	36,225	33,890	2,280	40	20	not applicable ...
Employed	32,255	30,075	2,145	35	0	not applicable ...
Unemployed	3,970	3,810	140	0	10	not applicable ...
Not in the labour force	14,920	13,760	1,110	15	35	not applicable ...
Participation rate	70.8	71.1	67.2	72.7	40.0	not applicable ...
Employment rate	63.1	63.1	63.2	63.6	0.0	not applicable ...
Unemployment rate	11.0	11.2	6.1	0.0	50.0	not applicable ...
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 134	51,145	47,645	3,395	55	50	3,420
Did not work^Footnote 135	13,045	12,095	890	15	45	900
Worked	38,095	35,550	2,505	40	0	2,520
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 136	18,510	17,140	1,355	10	0	1,360
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 137	19,590	18,410	1,150	30	10	1,160
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	41.7	43.3	41.8	0.0	not applicable ...
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 138	39,115	36,545	2,525	35	10	2,545
a.Management	4,500	4,190	310	0	0	310
00 Senior management occupations	225	215	10	0	0	10
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	955	880	75	0	0	75
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,065	990	70	0	0	70
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	2,255	2,100	150	0	0	150
b.Professional	3,605	3,335	270	0	0	275
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	385	360	25	0	0	25
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	425	390	30	0	0	35
30 Professional occupations in nursing	505	465	40	0	0	40
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	300	275	20	0	0	25
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,280	1,160	120	0	0	115
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	580	545	35	0	0	35
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	135	130	10	0	0	10
c.Technical and paraprofessional	4,025	3,685	330	10	0	335
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,265	1,175	85	0	0	90
32 Technical occupations in health	670	625	40	0	0	40
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	685	655	35	0	0	35
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	1,045	890	155	0	0	155
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	350	335	15	0	0	15
d.Administration and administrative support	4,490	4,215	270	0	0	270
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,655	1,530	120	0	0	125
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	565	540	25	0	0	25
14 Office support occupations	1,655	1,570	85	0	0	90
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	615	575	40	0	0	40
e.Sales	3,005	2,840	155	10	0	160
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	555	505	45	0	0	45
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,285	1,200	75	0	0	80
66 Sales support occupations	1,165	1,130	30	10	0	35
f.Personal and customer information services	6,215	5,845	355	10	10	365
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	565	525	40	0	0	40
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	835	770	60	0	0	55
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,095	1,015	70	10	0	75
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	1,290	1,230	60	0	0	60
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	2,430	2,305	125	0	10	125
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	4,425	4,085	330	10	0	335
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,580	2,375	195	0	0	200
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	1,840	1,710	135	0	0	140
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	4,245	4,035	215	0	0	210
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	405	385	20	0	0	20
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	2,980	2,820	165	0	0	160
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	855	830	30	0	0	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,795	2,620	170	0	0	175
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,035	980	50	0	0	55
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	885	810	75	0	0	75
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	875	825	40	0	0	45
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,820	1,710	110	0	0	110
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	1,380	1,285	90	0	0	90
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	140	130	15	0	0	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	70	60	10	0	0	10
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	230	230	0	0	0	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 139	39,115	36,545	2,520	40	0	2,545
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,375	2,165	210	0	0	210
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 140	2,050	1,865	180	0	0	180
113 Forestry and logging	235	215	20	0	0	20
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	15	10	0	0	10
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	70	70	0	0	0	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,735	5,495	240	0	0	240
211 Oil and gas extraction	2,225	2,095	130	0	0	125
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	115	110	10	0	0	10
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	3,395	3,285	110	0	0	110
22 Utilities	210	210	0	0	0	0
221 Utilities	210	210	0	0	0	0
23 Construction	3,995	3,735	255	0	0	255
236 Construction of buildings	975	905	70	10	0	75
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	990	960	25	0	0	25
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,025	1,870	155	0	0	155
31-33 Manufacturing	995	935	60	0	0	55
311 Food manufacturing	70	70	0	0	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	10	10	0	0	0	0
313 Textile mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
314 Textile product mills	0	0	0	0	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	30	25	0	0	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	85	85	0	0	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	95	85	10	0	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	25	25	0	0	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	190	180	10	0	0	15
325 Chemical manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	15	10	0	0	0	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	70	75	0	0	0	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	35	35	0	0	0	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	125	125	10	0	0	10
333 Machinery manufacturing	105	95	10	0	0	10
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	25	20	0	0	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	10	0	0	0	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	35	35	10	0	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	25	15	0	0	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	30	30	0	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	720	680	35	0	0	35
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	40	40	0	0	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	145	140	10	0	0	10
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	60	55	0	0	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	20	20	0	0	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	60	55	0	0	0	10
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	70	65	10	0	0	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	200	185	15	0	0	15
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	125	120	0	0	0	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	0	10	0	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	3,945	3,715	215	10	0	225
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	715	655	60	0	0	60
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	170	160	10	0	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	40	40	0	0	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	340	295	35	10	0	40
445 Food and beverage stores	880	855	25	0	0	25
446 Health and personal care stores	375	360	10	0	0	15
447 Gasoline stations	270	265	0	0	0	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	305	290	20	0	0	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	95	95	0	0	0	0
452 General merchandise stores	460	425	30	0	0	30
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	190	165	15	10	0	20
454 Non-store retailers	105	100	10	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,805	1,690	115	0	0	110
481 Air transportation	35	35	0	0	0	0
482 Rail transportation	25	25	0	0	0	0
483 Water transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	1,110	1,055	55	0	0	50
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	255	225	35	0	0	30
486 Pipeline transportation	40	40	0	0	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	130	120	0	0	0	10
491 Postal service	115	105	15	0	0	15
492 Couriers and messengers	50	45	10	0	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	50	50	0	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	275	265	15	0	0	15
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	50	50	0	0	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	55	55	0	0	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	0	0	0	0	0	0
517 Telecommunications	115	110	10	0	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0
519 Other information services	50	45	0	0	0	10
52 Finance and insurance	690	610	85	0	0	85
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	475	430	40	0	0	40
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	45	40	10	0	0	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	160	130	35	0	0	30
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	10	10	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	380	35	0	0	35
531 Real estate	270	235	35	0	0	35
532 Rental and leasing services	140	140	0	0	0	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	10	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,305	1,245	60	0	0	60
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,305	1,245	55	0	0	60
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	50	0	0	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	55	50	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,450	1,350	100	0	0	95
561 Administrative and support services	1,240	1,145	90	0	0	95
562 Waste management and remediation services	210	205	10	0	0	0
61 Educational services	2,710	2,465	235	0	0	245
611 Educational services	2,705	2,465	240	10	0	240
62 Health care and social assistance	3,815	3,615	205	0	0	200
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,215	1,145	70	0	0	70
622 Hospitals	1,080	1,015	70	0	0	70
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	650	630	25	0	0	20
624 Social assistance	870	830	45	0	0	40
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	600	565	30	0	0	35
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	80	70	10	0	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	80	70	0	0	0	10
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	445	425	20	0	0	25
72 Accommodation and food services	2,150	2,070	75	0	0	75
721 Accommodation services	480	465	10	0	0	15
722 Food services and drinking places	1,670	1,605	60	0	0	60
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,800	1,625	170	10	0	175
811 Repair and maintenance	995	905	90	0	0	90
812 Personal and laundry services	460	410	45	10	0	45
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	235	205	30	0	0	30
814 Private households	105	105	0	0	0	0
91 Public administration	4,080	3,675	395	0	0	400
911 Federal government public administration	2,345	2,005	330	10	0	335
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	440	420	25	0	0	25
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	945	905	40	0	0	40
914 Aboriginal public administration	345	345	10	0	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	32,260	30,075	2,145	35	0	2,160
Worked at home	3,030	2,775	260	0	0	260
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0	0	20
No fixed workplace address	5,860	5,510	345	0	0	350
Worked at usual place	23,320	21,765	1,520	30	10	1,535
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 142	39,115	36,545	2,525	40	10	2,540
English	38,535	36,320	2,180	35	0	2,195
French	315	50	260	0	0	265
Non-official language	65	70	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal	40	40	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	35	30	0	0	0	0
English and French	110	25	80	10	0	80
English and non-official language	80	75	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 143	39,110	36,545	2,525	35	0	2,545
None	36,755	35,240	1,485	25	0	1,495
English	250	65	185	0	0	190
French	1,335	480	855	10	0	855
Non-official language	765	750	0	10	10	10
Aboriginal	485	485	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	280	265	0	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	23,315	21,765	1,520	30	0	1,535
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,830	11,940	860	30	0	870
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,615	8,075	540	0	0	545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,715	1,620	95	0	0	95
Commute to a different province or territory	155	125	30	0	0	30
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	29,180	27,275	1,870	35	0	1,885
Car, truck, van - as a driver	24,685	22,980	1,675	25	0	1,690
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,025	1,995	35	0	0	35
Public transit	610	585	25	0	0	25
Walked	1,460	1,340	115	10	0	115
Bicycle	145	135	10	0	0	0
Other method	255	245	10	0	10	10
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 145	29,185	27,275	1,865	35	0	1,880
Less than 15 minutes	13,130	12,175	925	30	0	940
15 to 29 minutes	7,450	6,925	520	0	0	520
30 to 44 minutes	3,800	3,610	190	0	0	190
45 to 59 minutes	1,775	1,685	90	0	0	90
60 minutes and over	3,030	2,885	145	0	0	145
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	29,180	27,275	1,870	35	0	1,885
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,805	2,660	150	0	0	150
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,950	5,535	410	10	0	410
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,355	7,710	635	0	0	640
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,180	5,780	390	10	0	390
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,105	1,970	125	10	0	125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,790	3,625	165	0	0	165
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	64,750	60,870	3,690	100	90	3,740
Non-movers	56,510	53,110	3,285	65	55	3,315
Movers	8,245	7,765	405	40	40	425
Non-migrants	4,265	4,075	170	30	10	180
Migrants	3,975	3,695	240	15	35	245
Internal migrants	3,740	3,485	235	15	10	240
Intraprovincial migrants	2,660	2,575	75	0	10	75
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	915	160	0	0	165
External migrants	235	210	0	0	25	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	60,795	57,055	3,590	90	55	3,635
Non-movers	37,445	35,075	2,315	35	20	2,335
Movers	23,350	21,985	1,270	60	35	1,300
Non-migrants	10,390	9,895	470	15	10	475
Migrants	12,960	12,085	805	45	30	825
Internal migrants	11,565	10,750	780	35	0	800
Intraprovincial migrants	6,740	6,470	270	0	0	270
Interprovincial migrants	4,820	4,280	510	30	0	530
External migrants	1,395	1,340	20	10	25	25

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 20

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 21

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 22

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 23

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 26

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 27

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 28

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 30

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 31

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 32

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 34

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 37

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 38

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 39

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 40

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 41

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 42

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 43

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 44

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 45

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 47

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 48

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 49

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 50

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 51

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 52

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 53

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 54

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 55

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 56

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 57

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 58

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 59

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 60

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 61

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 62

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 63

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 64

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 65

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 66

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 67

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 68

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 69

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 70

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 71

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 72

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 73

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 74

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 75

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 76

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 77

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 78

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 79

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 80

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 81

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 82

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 83

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 84

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 85

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 87

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 88

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 89

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 90

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 91

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 94

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 102

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 105

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 116

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 117

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 118

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 119

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 120

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 121

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 122

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 123

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 124

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 125

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 127

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 128

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 129

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 130

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 131

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 132

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 133

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 134

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 135

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 136

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 138

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 139

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 140

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 141

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 142

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 143

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 144

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 145

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 146

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 147

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 148

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 12

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 10.0%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate higher than or equal to 10%, but lower than 20%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016352.