Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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Age (8B)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Sarnia, CY
Data quality
Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	70,375	62,620	1,610	370
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	70,370	62,615	1,605	375
0 to 14 years	10,625	10,150	130	90
0 to 4 years	3,385	3,230	35	35
5 to 9 years	3,740	3,595	40	15
10 to 14 years	3,495	3,325	50	40
15 to 64 years	45,195	40,855	865	215
15 to 19 years	3,950	3,770	50	30
20 to 24 years	4,400	4,060	30	50
25 to 29 years	4,425	4,085	15	50
30 to 34 years	4,180	3,845	70	15
35 to 39 years	3,835	3,485	80	10
40 to 44 years	3,875	3,390	95	10
45 to 49 years	4,020	3,520	120	10
50 to 54 years	5,100	4,575	125	10
55 to 59 years	5,875	5,315	130	25
60 to 64 years	5,530	4,795	165	20
65 years and over	14,550	11,615	610	70
65 to 69 years	4,755	3,995	170	10
70 to 74 years	3,590	2,880	170	30
75 to 79 years	2,550	2,020	125	10
80 to 84 years	2,050	1,540	95	10
85 years and over	1,610	1,185	50	15
85 to 89 years	1,210	885	40	15
90 to 94 years	340	245	0	0
95 to 99 years	65	45	10	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0
Average age	43.3	41.9	54.3	35.6
Median age	44.9	43.0	58.2	26.5
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 2}	59,745	52,465	1,480	285
Married or living common law	33,965	29,200	895	110
Married	28,335	23,825	825	95
Living common law	5,630	5,380	65	15
Not married and not living common law	25,780	23,265	585	175
Never married	15,375	14,310	180	115
Separated	2,095	1,915	40	0
Divorced	4,250	3,740	160	30
Widowed	4,060	3,300	205	15
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 3}	59,745	52,470	1,475	280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,430	50,380	1,460	260
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,592	48,649	51,134	39,708
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,028	34,102	37,402	24,340
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,505	50,445	1,465	265
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,829	39,830	42,110	34,058
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,006	31,017	33,719	23,316
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,995	44,730	1,275	225
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,164	47,487	47,811	38,681
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,821	32,102	32,714	25,383
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	43,500	37,840	1,210	210
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,862	8,635	11,419	8,166
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,201	7,873	12,116	6,616
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	39,900	35,660	870	195
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,860	45,737	50,630	36,487
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,688	29,731	33,143	20,159
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Footnote 4}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Footnote 5}	86.2	86.7	81.7	82.7
Employment income (%)^{Footnote 6}	65.6	66.5	58.8	68.9
Government transfers (%)^{Footnote 7}	13.8	13.3	18.5	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 8}	59,750	52,465	1,480	280
Without total income	2,315	2,090	15	20
With total income	57,435	50,380	1,465	265
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.0	99.0	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,710	6,850	120	30
$10,000 to $19,999	10,045	8,815	265	60
$20,000 to $29,999	8,315	7,110	205	75
$30,000 to $39,999	6,390	5,645	190	15
$40,000 to $49,999	5,660	4,960	185	10
$50,000 to $59,999	4,250	3,725	125	15
$60,000 to $69,999	3,195	2,830	70	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,530	2,250	90	25
$80,000 to $89,999	1,915	1,655	40	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,645	1,430	45	0
$100,000 and over	5,785	5,095	135	15
$100,000 to $149,999	3,630	3,250	65	10
$150,000 and over	2,155	1,845	65	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 9}	59,750	52,470	1,475	285
Without after-tax income	2,245	2,025	15	20
With after-tax income	57,505	50,445	1,465	265
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.1	99.3	93.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,160	7,265	135	25
$10,000 to $19,999	10,490	9,165	265	65
$20,000 to $29,999	9,385	8,120	250	70
$30,000 to $39,999	7,495	6,570	225	20
$40,000 to $49,999	6,255	5,540	175	0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,425	3,865	110	35
$60,000 to $69,999	3,005	2,640	95	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,505	2,190	55	10
$80,000 and over	5,790	5,095	145	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,645	1,515	25	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,160	1,000	35	10
$100,000 and over	2,980	2,580	85	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 10}	59,745	52,470	1,480	280
Without employment income	19,850	16,810	605	90
With employment income	39,900	35,660	870	195
Percentage with employment income	66.8	68.0	58.8	69.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,710	6,755	190	too unreliable to be published F
$5,000 to $9,999	3,120	2,805	30	too unreliable to be published F
$10,000 to $19,999	4,865	4,405	85	too unreliable to be published F
$20,000 to $29,999	4,405	3,975	80	too unreliable to be published F
$30,000 to $39,999	3,875	3,510	105	too unreliable to be published F
$40,000 to $49,999	3,025	2,690	75	too unreliable to be published F
$50,000 to $59,999	2,315	2,110	45	too unreliable to be published F
$60,000 to $69,999	1,745	1,530	45	too unreliable to be published F
$70,000 to $79,999	1,465	1,310	45	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 and over	7,375	6,565	165	too unreliable to be published F
$80,000 to $89,999	1,315	1,175	30	too unreliable to be published F
$90,000 to $99,999	1,340	1,200	45	too unreliable to be published F
$100,000 and over	4,720	4,195	95	too unreliable to be published F
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 11}	59,750	52,465	1,475	280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 12}	17,130	15,380	370	55
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 13}	55,234	54,662	63,399	53,697
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Footnote 14}	71,606	70,950	75,828	59,149
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 15}	70,370	62,615	1,610	370
English only	64,655	59,290	150	40
French only	25	0	20	0
English and French	5,445	3,315	1,440	330
Neither English nor French	250	10	0	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 16}	70,370	62,620	1,610	370
English	66,910	62,265	1,140	255
French	470	40	400	0
Non-official language	1,895	70	15	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,895	70	10	0
English and French	175	35	50	95
English and non-official language	855	210	10	10
French and non-official language	50	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	15	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 17}	70,370	62,615	1,610	370
None	65,810	61,255	940	290
English	1,115	25	270	10
French	1,230	765	380	60
Non-official language	2,125	535	15	10
Aboriginal	30	25	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,095	520	20	10
English and French	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	10	10	0
French and non-official language	55	25	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 18}	70,370	62,620	1,610	370
English	68,445	62,615	145	270
French	1,550	0	1,460	10
English and French	140	0	0	90
Neither English nor French	240	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Footnote 19}	1,620	0	1,465	55
Official language minority (percentage)^{Footnote 20}	2.3	0.0	91.0	14.9
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 21}	70,370	62,620	1,610	370
Official languages	70,125	62,605	1,610	375
English	70,095	62,605	1,585	375
French	5,470	3,320	1,465	330
Non-official languages	7,415	1,760	115	95
Aboriginal languages	90	70	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,330	1,690	115	95
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 22}	70,375	62,620	1,610	375
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 23}	2,745	2,615	75	25
Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 24}	2,630	2,500	75	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 25}	1,865	1,810	10	15
Métis	750	680	60	10
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 26}	40	40	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 27}	75	75	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	67,630	59,995	1,535	345
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 28}	70,370	62,615	1,605	375
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 29}	1,480	1,420	20	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	68,895	61,200	1,585	355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 30}	70,370	62,615	1,610	375
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 31}	810	755	25	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 32}	795	745	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Footnote 33}	715	675	20	0
Métis single ancestry	80	70	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Footnote 34}	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 35}	2,840	2,680	110	55
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 36}	2,795	2,635	105	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,990	1,915	45	35
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	780	705	60	15
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	20	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Footnote 37}	50	50	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	50	50	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Footnote 38}	66,725	59,180	1,480	320
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 39}	70,375	62,615	1,610	370
Canadian citizens^{Footnote 40}	68,125	61,355	1,560	370
Canadian citizens only	66,595	60,485	1,545	355
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	1,530	870	20	15
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 41}	2,245	1,265	45	0
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 42}	70,375	62,620	1,610	370
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 43}	61,010	58,170	1,495	290
Immigrants^{Footnote 44}	8,815	4,270	95	85
Before 1981	5,385	2,950	35	0
1981 to 1990	950	475	0	20
1991 to 2000	880	340	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,115	360	20	60
2001 to 2005	525	205	10	0
2006 to 2010	600	160	15	60
2011 to 2016^{Footnote 45}	480	145	30	0
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 46}	550	175	20	0
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 47}	8,815	4,270	95	85
Under 5 years	1,200	785	20	35
5 to 14 years	1,670	940	0	30
15 to 24 years	2,285	970	10	10
25 to 44 years	3,175	1,390	45	15
45 years and over	480	190	10	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 48}	8,815	4,270	95	85
Americas	1,570	1,225	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	45	10	0	0
El Salvador	90	20	0	0
Guyana	20	20	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	110	0	0
Mexico	60	0	0	0
Peru	10	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	70	65	0	0
United States^{Footnote 49}	940	910	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	220	90	0	0
Europe	5,110	2,670	35	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	0	0
Croatia	20	0	0	0
France	40	10	25	0
Germany	305	45	0	0
Greece	155	10	0	0
Hungary	95	15	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 50}	105	100	0	0
Italy	630	40	0	0
Netherlands	600	90	0	0
Poland	200	15	0	0
Portugal	215	30	0	10
Romania	50	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	0	0	0
Serbia^{Footnote 51}	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 52}	2,295	2,260	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	325	55	15	0
Africa	315	95	50	65
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	0	0	10
Ethiopia	20	10	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	25	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	215	50	50	60
Asia	1,775	250	0	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 53}	200	60	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 54}	45	0	0	0
India	460	35	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 55}	75	0	0	0
Iraq	150	10	0	0
Japan	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 56}	65	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	0	0	0
Pakistan	115	25	0	0
Philippines	270	35	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 57}	40	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	205	50	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth^{Footnote 58}	35	35	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 59}	480	145	30	0
Americas	115	85	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	10	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0	0
United States^{Footnote 60}	80	70	0	0
Venezuela^{Footnote 61}	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	0	0
Europe	70	35	0	0
France	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Footnote 62}	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Footnote 63}	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 64}	35	40	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0
Africa	75	25	25	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	15	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	15	10	0
Asia	215	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0
China^{Footnote 65}	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Footnote 66}	0	0	0	0
India	70	0	0	0
Iran^{Footnote 67}	25	0	0	0
Iraq	25	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Footnote 68}	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0
Nepal	10	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0
Philippines	25	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Footnote 69}	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Footnote 70}	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Footnote 71}	0	0	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 72}	70,370	62,615	1,610	375
First generation^{Footnote 73}	9,685	4,750	130	80
Second generation^{Footnote 74}	12,310	11,165	120	45
Third generation or more^{Footnote 75}	48,375	46,700	1,365	245
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 76}	3,550	1,385	65	80
Economic immigrants^{Footnote 77}	1,470	580	25	15
Principal applicants^{Footnote 78}	535	155	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Footnote 79}	930	425	20	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Footnote 80}	1,565	755	10	10
Refugees^{Footnote 81}	495	35	25	60
Other immigrants^{Footnote 82}	20	15	0	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 83}	70,370	62,620	1,610	375
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 84}	4,700	2,155	85	100
South Asian^{Footnote 85}	1,220	405	0	0
Chinese	565	235	0	0
Black	995	795	75	75
Filipino	420	175	0	0
Latin American	390	115	10	0
Arab	405	100	0	25
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 86}	200	90	0	0
West Asian^{Footnote 87}	115	20	0	0
Korean	85	20	0	0
Japanese	75	25	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 88}	120	100	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 89}	115	80	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 90}	65,675	60,455	1,525	275
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 91}	70,375	62,615	1,610	375
North American Aboriginal origins	3,650	3,440	135	55
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,765	2,640	65	30
Inuit	20	20	0	0
Métis	925	835	70	20
Other North American origins	25,080	24,110	740	145
Acadian	55	40	0	10
American	1,270	1,250	10	0
Canadian	24,190	23,250	720	140
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	40	45	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0
Québécois	25	10	15	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 92}	15	15	0	0
European origins	53,825	48,845	1,225	245
British Isles origins	38,780	38,305	280	120
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0
English	23,035	22,785	155	55
Irish	15,675	15,485	125	45
Manx	45	40	0	0
Scottish	17,110	16,970	80	40
Welsh	1,510	1,500	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 93}	1,820	1,810	0	10
French origins	11,025	9,710	1,105	165
Alsatian	10	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	11,020	9,700	1,105	165
Western European origins (except French origins)	13,780	12,485	115	60
Austrian	275	255	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0
Belgian	890	810	25	15
Dutch	5,760	5,075	15	20
Flemish	40	35	0	0
Frisian	30	15	0	0
German	7,700	7,135	80	20
Luxembourger	25	20	10	0
Swiss	95	85	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 94}	10	10	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,520	1,435	15	25
Danish	370	320	0	20
Finnish	330	320	0	0
Icelandic	80	80	0	0
Norwegian	375	370	0	0
Swedish	330	315	10	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 95}	75	70	10	0
Eastern European origins	5,595	4,730	35	0
Bulgarian	75	40	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0
Czech	285	240	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 96}	135	115	0	0
Estonian	40	35	0	0
Hungarian	735	630	0	0
Latvian	60	40	0	0
Lithuanian	90	65	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,065	1,700	15	0
Romanian	330	285	0	0
Russian	615	535	0	0
Slovak	480	405	0	0
Ukrainian	1,525	1,405	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 97}	40	40	0	0
Southern European origins	5,960	4,205	80	30
Albanian	25	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Croatian	150	125	0	0
Cypriot	25	20	0	0
Greek	580	325	0	10
Italian	3,620	2,715	45	15
Kosovar	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	55	45	0	0
Maltese	95	85	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	870	565	25	10
Serbian	65	40	0	0
Sicilian	25	25	0	0
Slovenian	50	35	0	0
Spanish	495	280	15	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 98}	95	80	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 99}	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	240	220	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0
Jewish	90	75	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Footnote 100}	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 101}	145	140	0	0
Caribbean origins	685	645	10	10
Antiguan	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	40	0	0
Bermudan	20	15	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0
Cuban	25	15	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	10	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	15	0	0
Jamaican	370	360	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	105	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	20	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 102}	60	55	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 103}	55	55	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	630	315	20	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	10	0	0
Belizean	15	10	0	0
Bolivian	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0
Chilean	50	15	0	0
Colombian	65	20	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0
Guyanese	110	110	0	0
Hispanic	0	0	0	0
Honduran	25	10	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0
Mexican	165	95	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	105	15	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	20	10	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 104}	20	10	0	0
African origins	810	575	65	95
Central and West African origins	220	90	65	60
Akan	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0
Beninese	20	0	20	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0
Congolese	100	0	35	60
Edo	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0
Ibo	10	10	0	0
Ivorian	10	0	15	0
Liberian	10	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	70	75	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 105}	15	0	10	0
North African origins	105	50	0	35
Algerian	10	0	0	0
Berber	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	105	45	0	35
Libyan	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 106}	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	105	70	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Footnote 107}	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	25	15	0	0
Ethiopian	25	15	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	0	0
South African	40	30	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	10	10	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 108}	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	405	385	15	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Footnote 109}	75	75	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 110}	330	310	15	0
Asian origins	3,510	1,405	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	790	330	10	10
Afghan	10	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Footnote 111}	75	40	0	0
Armenian	25	10	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	100	0	0	10
Iraqi	145	40	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	40	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0
Kurd	35	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	275	165	10	10
Palestinian	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0
Syrian	75	35	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0
Turk	45	35	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 112}	10	10	0	0
South Asian origins	1,250	435	0	0
Bangladeshi	10	0	0	0
Bengali	20	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,005	345	0	0
Goan	25	20	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	0
Pakistani	140	60	0	0
Punjabi	55	20	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 113}	45	20	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,495	665	0	0
Burmese	40	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0
Chinese	720	340	0	0
Filipino	455	205	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	45	0	0
Japanese	95	40	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	15	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	15	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	95	40	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 114}	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 115}	15	0	0	0
Oceania origins	35	40	0	0
Australian	25	25	0	0
New Zealander	10	15	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Footnote 116}	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Footnote 117}	0	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 118}	59,750	52,465	1,475	285
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,550	8,185	295	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Footnote 119}	17,810	16,200	445	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,390	28,085	745	180
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,780	5,010	215	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 120}	2,180	1,890	45	20
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Footnote 121}	3,600	3,125	170	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	16,295	14,720	325	75
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	775	620	15	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	9,535	7,730	190	55
Bachelor's degree	6,755	5,690	95	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	665	510	30	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	200	0	0
Master's degree	1,605	1,190	55	15
Earned doctorate^{Footnote 122}	250	145	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 123}	59,750	52,465	1,480	280
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 124}	27,355	24,385	735	105
Education	1,900	1,625	100	10
13. Education	1,900	1,625	100	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	670	590	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	140	0	10
50. Visual and performing arts	520	455	0	0
Humanities	1,350	1,180	20	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	65	35	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	345	315	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	350	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Footnote 125}	0	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	50	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	125	0	10
54. History	255	235	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	65	55	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,025	2,700	75	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	195	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	835	25	10
22. Legal professions and studies	375	305	25	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Footnote 126}	35	35	0	0
42. Psychology	500	475	10	10
45. Social sciences	965	850	20	0
Business, management and public administration	5,090	4,435	120	10
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	15	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725	655	20	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,355	3,770	100	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,050	870	20	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	250	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	125	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Footnote 127}	10	10	0	0
40. Physical sciences	330	260	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	260	215	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	890	740	15	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	590	10	0
25. Library science	60	60	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	80	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Footnote 128}	15	15	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,915	8,275	270	45
04. Architecture and related services	110	85	0	0
14. Engineering	1,640	1,000	15	15
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,705	2,345	55	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,420	2,095	120	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,770	1,610	20	10
48. Precision production	1,280	1,145	55	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	415	365	15	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	280	255	10	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	115	10	0
Health and related fields	5,625	5,045	75	45
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	450	445	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	5,100	4,560	75	40
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	40	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,445	2,240	25	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,340	1,190	15	25
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	720	695	10	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	375	350	0	0
Other	10	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 129}	59,750	52,470	1,480	285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,355	24,385	730	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 130}	32,390	28,085	745	180
Location of study inside Canada	28,865	26,115	690	175
Same as province or territory of residence	27,190	24,710	590	155
Different than province or territory of residence	1,670	1,405	105	15
Location of study outside Canada^{Footnote 131}	3,530	1,965	55	0
United States^{Footnote 132}	1,190	1,065	20	0
Philippines	140	10	0	0
India	375	35	0	0
United Kingdom^{Footnote 133}	635	600	0	0
China^{Footnote 134}	50	0	0	0
France	10	0	10	10
Other	1,135	250	30	0
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Footnote 135}	59,745	52,465	1,480	285
In the labour force	34,350	30,820	710	170
Employed	31,195	27,960	645	150
Unemployed	3,160	2,860	65	20
Not in the labour force	25,400	21,640	765	110
Participation rate	57.5	58.7	48.0	59.6
Employment rate	52.2	53.3	43.6	52.6
Unemployment rate	9.2	9.3	9.2	11.8
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Footnote 136}	59,750	52,465	1,480	285
Did not work^{Footnote 137}	24,045	20,480	745	80
Worked	35,705	31,985	735	200
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 138}	17,420	15,645	375	55
Worked part year and/or part time^{Footnote 139}	18,285	16,335	360	145
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.2	42.4	37.3
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 140}	36,840	33,005	760	205
a.Management	3,020	2,605	70	10
00 Senior management occupations	240	200	15	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	810	725	10	0
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	1,350	1,130	15	0
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	620	545	30	10
b.Professional	5,350	4,475	150	35
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	680	585	15	0
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	1,285	880	30	10
30 Professional occupations in nursing	750	705	0	10
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	475	395	0	10
40 Professional occupations in education services	1,315	1,145	75	10
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	670	600	20	10
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	180	165	0	0
c.Technical and paraprofessional	3,905	3,565	60	15
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	1,480	1,315	25	0
32 Technical occupations in health	795	725	10	10
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	880	795	30	0
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	260	255	0	0
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	495	470	10	0
d.Administration and administrative support	3,815	3,530	70	10
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	1,645	1,485	45	0
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	290	270	0	0
14 Office support occupations	1,340	1,250	15	10
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	545	530	0	0
e.Sales	4,010	3,650	55	20
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	730	675	15	0
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	1,730	1,565	25	15
66 Sales support occupations	1,555	1,415	20	10
f.Personal and customer information services	8,185	7,210	200	70
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	705	650	15	0
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	630	535	25	10
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	1,310	1,160	10	20
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	2,465	2,150	65	25
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	3,075	2,715	90	15
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	3,680	3,440	75	20
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	2,770	2,590	65	15
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	910	850	10	0
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	2,340	2,190	45	10
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	600	580	10	0
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	1,200	1,120	25	0
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	545	490	10	10
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	605	575	0	0
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	135	130	0	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	130	130	0	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	340	310	10	0
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,925	1,760	25	15
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	920	855	20	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	435	390	10	0
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	245	235	0	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	325	275	10	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 141}	36,840	33,005	760	205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	315	315	0	0
111 - 112 Farms^{Footnote 142}	285	280	0	0
113 Forestry and logging	0	0	0	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	20	20	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	15	15	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	465	405	0	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	295	245	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	10	0	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	160	155	0	0
22 Utilities	330	290	10	0
221 Utilities	335	285	10	0
23 Construction	3,120	2,875	75	15
236 Construction of buildings	820	735	20	15
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	285	265	10	0
238 Specialty trade contractors	2,015	1,870	50	0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,810	3,380	90	20
311 Food manufacturing	85	65	0	0
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	20	25	0	0
313 Textile mills	10	10	0	0
314 Textile product mills	10	10	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	20	20	0	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	0	0	0	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	40	35	0	0
322 Paper manufacturing	10	10	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	55	50	0	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	540	450	10	10
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,340	1,210	25	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	430	390	10	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	100	85	10	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	100	90	10	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	515	455	15	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	135	115	10	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	40	40	0	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	10	10	0	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	215	195	0	0
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	50	40	0	0
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	95	85	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,320	1,190	25	0
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	10	10	0	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	540	480	15	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	30	20	0	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	50	45	0	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	65	60	0	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	185	170	0	0
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	255	235	0	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	170	155	0	0
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	25	25	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	4,970	4,455	55	20
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	505	485	0	10
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	200	185	0	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	165	140	0	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	440	420	0	0
445 Food and beverage stores	1,190	1,035	25	0
446 Health and personal care stores	495	460	0	0
447 Gasoline stations	195	145	10	0
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	380	330	0	0
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	165	150	0	10
452 General merchandise stores	660	575	10	0
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	460	425	10	0
454 Non-store retailers	105	100	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,375	1,275	25	0
481 Air transportation	35	30	0	0
482 Rail transportation	105	105	0	0
483 Water transportation	35	40	0	0
484 Truck transportation	405	395	0	10
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	215	200	0	0
486 Pipeline transportation	85	80	0	10
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	275	235	10	0
491 Postal service	75	65	10	0
492 Couriers and messengers	85	85	0	0
493 Warehousing and storage	50	45	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	390	385	0	0
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	125	125	0	0
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	35	30	0	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	65	65	0	0
517 Telecommunications	50	40	0	0
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	10	10	0	0
519 Other information services	120	115	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	875	810	25	0
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	380	365	10	0
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	225	215	10	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	260	240	15	0
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	0	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	535	480	10	10
531 Real estate	450	400	10	10
532 Rental and leasing services	85	80	10	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	0	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,105	1,755	25	10
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,105	1,755	25	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	25	0	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	35	25	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,355	2,100	40	0
561 Administrative and support services	2,125	1,895	35	10
562 Waste management and remediation services	225	205	10	0
61 Educational services	2,380	2,085	130	10
611 Educational services	2,385	2,090	125	10
62 Health care and social assistance	4,640	4,220	75	20
621 Ambulatory health care services	1,455	1,265	20	0
622 Hospitals	1,190	1,095	20	10
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	1,085	1,020	20	0
624 Social assistance	910	845	15	10
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	930	880	15	10
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	140	135	0	0
712 Heritage institutions	20	20	0	0
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	775	730	15	15
72 Accommodation and food services	3,500	3,050	75	45
721 Accommodation services	445	390	15	0
722 Food services and drinking places	3,050	2,660	60	45
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,915	1,685	50	20
811 Repair and maintenance	565	505	0	10
812 Personal and laundry services	645	570	15	15
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	630	560	30	0
814 Private households	70	55	0	0
91 Public administration	1,460	1,345	30	15
911 Federal government public administration	495	440	25	0
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	255	245	0	0
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	695	640	0	15
914 Aboriginal public administration	25	20	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	0	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Footnote 143}	31,195	27,965	640	150
Worked at home	1,360	1,200	60	10
Worked outside Canada	290	240	10	0
No fixed workplace address	3,055	2,810	85	10
Worked at usual place	26,490	23,710	485	140
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Footnote 144}	36,840	33,005	765	205
English	36,460	32,865	640	185
French	205	85	105	10
Non-official language	45	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	45	0	0	0
English and French	80	40	15	15
English and non-official language	40	10	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^{Footnote 145}	36,840	33,000	765	205
None	36,055	32,625	555	195
English	115	55	45	0
French	445	235	160	15
Non-official language	205	70	0	0
Aboriginal	15	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	185	50	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	20	20	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	26,490	23,710	485	135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,205	18,065	380	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,065	4,565	75	30
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,115	990	25	20
Commute to a different province or territory	105	90	10	0
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 146}	29,545	26,520	575	145
Car, truck, van - as a driver	24,500	22,100	460	100
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,090	1,900	45	10
Public transit	1,000	815	10	10
Walked	1,260	1,095	30	25
Bicycle	410	375	25	0
Other method	285	235	0	0
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 147}	29,545	26,520	575	145
Less than 15 minutes	16,275	14,730	335	100
15 to 29 minutes	10,060	8,925	185	30
30 to 44 minutes	1,985	1,745	25	10
45 to 59 minutes	475	445	10	0
60 minutes and over	745	680	20	0
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Footnote 148}	29,545	26,520	575	145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,745	1,570	50	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,395	4,955	110	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,925	7,100	155	30
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,850	5,175	115	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,215	2,760	55	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,415	4,955	95	25
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 149}	69,685	61,965	1,605	360
Non-movers	60,645	53,865	1,440	320
Movers	9,040	8,100	170	40
Non-migrants	6,220	5,815	100	35
Migrants	2,820	2,285	70	10
Internal migrants	2,450	2,135	60	10
Intraprovincial migrants	2,080	1,880	30	0
Interprovincial migrants	375	255	25	0
External migrants	370	150	10	0
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Footnote 150}	66,990	59,385	1,575	340
Non-movers	42,470	37,390	1,020	140
Movers	24,515	21,995	550	200
Non-migrants	16,035	14,980	315	170
Migrants	8,485	7,020	235	30
Internal migrants	7,280	6,445	190	30
Intraprovincial migrants	6,265	5,645	155	15
Interprovincial migrants	1,020	800	35	10
External migrants	1,205	570	50	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

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The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

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Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 8

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Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 10

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

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Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 64

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Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 133

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Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

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Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

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Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.

Date modified:: 2019-06-17

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Data tables, 2016 Census

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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