Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Division No. 11

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	693,030	488,960	22,760	2,965
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
0 to 14 years	118,995	95,410	2,350	840
0 to 4 years	39,175	31,465	760	280
5 to 9 years	40,420	33,140	755	290
10 to 14 years	39,390	30,805	830	270
15 to 64 years	473,780	329,940	14,545	1,810
15 to 19 years	42,940	32,290	900	255
20 to 24 years	50,375	37,340	1,120	285
25 to 29 years	51,880	37,010	1,365	340
30 to 34 years	50,890	34,435	1,305	155
35 to 39 years	47,770	31,145	1,240	190
40 to 44 years	45,610	29,855	1,275	130
45 to 49 years	45,050	29,850	1,205	130
50 to 54 years	49,910	34,785	1,945	120
55 to 59 years	47,690	34,060	2,000	125
60 to 64 years	41,665	29,165	2,185	90
65 years and over	100,260	63,605	5,865	315
65 to 69 years	35,085	24,240	1,840	95
70 to 74 years	24,100	15,860	1,505	90
75 to 79 years	17,045	10,190	1,095	45
80 to 84 years	12,865	7,300	815	55
85 years and over	11,160	6,020	615	30
85 to 89 years	7,395	4,020	405	15
90 to 94 years	3,045	1,600	185	15
95 to 99 years	615	355	25	10
100 years and over	105	45	10	0
Average age	39.2	37.7	47.9	31.1
Median age	38.2	36.2	51.7	26.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	574,035	393,545	20,415	2,125
Married or living common law	316,405	201,960	12,050	920
Married	267,220	161,540	10,010	640
Living common law	49,180	40,415	2,040	280
Not married and not living common law	257,630	191,590	8,360	1,210
Never married	180,010	136,915	4,570	915
Separated	14,695	10,660	475	55
Divorced	34,685	26,935	1,600	140
Widowed	28,240	17,085	1,720	100
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	574,035	393,545	20,415	2,125
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,275	375,375	19,925	1,995
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	48,403	48,422	42,304
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,174	37,915	40,559	30,271
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	375,475	19,925	2,000
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	39,154	39,489	34,598
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,107	33,124	35,082	27,605
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,940	344,120	18,625	1,800
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	47,525	44,883	41,712
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,616	36,118	36,938	28,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	270,075	14,690	1,570
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,721	8,765	6,000
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,355	3,398	8,208	1,817
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,345	291,030	14,010	1,580
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	46,431	47,818	41,720
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,837	36,759	42,013	28,387
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	89.0	90.0	86.7	89.2
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.1	74.4	69.4	78.4
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.0	10.0	13.3	11.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,125
Without total income	27,755	18,175	485	125
With total income	546,275	375,370	19,925	1,995
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	97.6	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75,300	47,635	1,680	295
$10,000 to $19,999	83,705	54,160	2,675	400
$20,000 to $29,999	76,785	48,450	2,890	305
$30,000 to $39,999	72,380	47,530	2,575	270
$40,000 to $49,999	64,130	44,560	2,445	180
$50,000 to $59,999	48,660	35,560	2,055	160
$60,000 to $69,999	33,990	25,705	1,480	130
$70,000 to $79,999	25,175	19,570	1,080	70
$80,000 to $89,999	19,540	15,280	950	60
$90,000 to $99,999	12,680	9,705	640	45
$100,000 and over	33,930	27,215	1,460	95
$100,000 to $149,999	23,370	18,710	1,085	55
$150,000 and over	10,560	8,500	375	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,125
Without after-tax income	27,630	18,070	485	130
With after-tax income	546,400	375,475	19,925	2,000
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.4	97.6	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	77,775	49,535	1,800	300
$10,000 to $19,999	90,505	58,600	2,925	420
$20,000 to $29,999	94,405	60,245	3,425	355
$30,000 to $39,999	90,630	61,065	3,425	295
$40,000 to $49,999	68,920	49,710	2,855	220
$50,000 to $59,999	45,485	34,725	1,970	160
$60,000 to $69,999	30,395	23,560	1,330	110
$70,000 to $79,999	18,480	14,300	925	50
$80,000 and over	29,790	23,745	1,270	90
$80,000 to $89,999	9,955	7,870	490	25
$90,000 to $99,999	5,765	4,540	265	20
$100,000 and over	14,075	11,335	515	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,125
Without employment income	159,690	102,515	6,400	540
With employment income	414,345	291,035	14,010	1,580
Percentage with employment income	72.2	74.0	68.6	74.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,795	32,750	1,600	205
$5,000 to $9,999	29,660	20,545	905	135
$10,000 to $19,999	53,410	35,625	1,515	275
$20,000 to $29,999	51,940	33,395	1,265	210
$30,000 to $39,999	52,165	34,025	1,455	180
$40,000 to $49,999	45,845	31,655	1,560	135
$50,000 to $59,999	36,070	26,205	1,415	125
$60,000 to $69,999	25,530	19,570	965	80
$70,000 to $79,999	20,260	15,660	825	75
$80,000 and over	52,670	41,600	2,505	175
$80,000 to $89,999	16,325	12,715	845	55
$90,000 to $99,999	10,395	8,035	520	30
$100,000 and over	25,950	20,855	1,135	85
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	574,035	393,550	20,410	2,125
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	201,050	148,155	7,040	645
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,999	53,375	58,727	49,269
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,316	64,006	65,473	55,532
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	693,030	488,955	22,755	2,965
English only	611,490	447,460	1,735	660
French only	875	20	650	10
English and French	69,665	41,210	20,365	2,295
Neither English nor French	10,995	265	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	693,030	488,955	22,755	2,965
English	543,775	468,740	13,140	2,035
French	8,915	340	8,090	105
Non-official language	91,785	4,870	135	20
Aboriginal	955	300	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	90,830	4,570	135	25
English and French	2,090	485	1,000	530
English and non-official language	45,455	14,330	85	110
French and non-official language	365	10	185	35
English, French and non-official language	650	185	130	125
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	693,025	488,960	22,760	2,970
None	586,770	468,555	12,085	2,190
English	45,375	2,780	4,695	110
French	11,840	5,585	5,230	550
Non-official language	47,035	11,685	560	75
Aboriginal	2,335	1,040	10	10
Non-Aboriginal	44,700	10,645	550	70
English and French	260	10	25	0
English and non-official language	1,235	110	100	0
French and non-official language	490	230	55	25
English, French and non-official language	25	0	0	10
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
English	657,650	488,940	1,735	2,175
French	21,820	20	21,025	145
English and French	2,845	0	0	645
Neither English nor French	10,710	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	23,240	20	21,025	465
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	3.4	0.0	92.4	15.7
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
Official languages	682,040	488,690	22,745	2,960
English	681,155	488,670	22,095	2,950
French	70,545	41,230	21,015	2,305
Non-official languages	221,185	47,400	2,645	635
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,530	35	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	44,915	2,610	615
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,970
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	84,495	75,955	4,355	625
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	82,940	74,505	4,325	595
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	36,860	33,335	145	70
Métis	45,805	40,935	4,175	530
Inuk (Inuit)	275	235	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	1,195	1,110	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	360	335	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,535	413,000	18,400	2,340
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	35,045	31,505	210	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	457,450	22,545	2,895
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,970
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	28,500	25,135	665	155
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	27,410	24,125	650	150
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	19,315	16,870	30	35
Métis single ancestry	8,040	7,210	625	115
Inuit single ancestry	60	50	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	1,085	1,015	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	985	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	57,830	52,470	4,015	575
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	54,400	49,375	3,780	545
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,345	18,265	400	75
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,825	30,920	3,370	465
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	190	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	3,430	3,095	235	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	2,945	235	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	80	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	606,700	411,350	18,075	2,230
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	612,425	472,390	21,650	2,855
Canadian citizens only	592,900	465,175	21,270	2,805
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	19,525	7,215	380	45
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	80,605	16,565	1,105	110
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	503,435	445,975	20,515	2,650
Immigrants^Footnote 44	176,305	40,025	1,985	280
Before 1981	37,755	13,365	365	25
1981 to 1990	16,175	3,610	70	10
1991 to 2000	17,885	3,655	210	15
2001 to 2010	52,460	10,155	590	190
2001 to 2005	15,945	3,215	275	75
2006 to 2010	36,510	6,940	315	115
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	52,030	9,245	750	40
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	13,290	2,950	255	35
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	176,305	40,030	1,990	280
Under 5 years	17,840	8,330	235	145
5 to 14 years	32,935	9,125	380	65
15 to 24 years	34,785	7,320	490	20
25 to 44 years	76,015	13,185	805	50
45 years and over	14,730	2,070	80	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	176,305	40,025	1,990	280
Americas	16,210	8,890	90	15
Brazil	385	25	0	0
Colombia	530	15	0	0
El Salvador	1,490	75	0	0
Guyana	1,065	1,065	0	0
Haiti	75	10	40	0
Jamaica	1,570	1,500	0	0
Mexico	730	60	10	0
Peru	190	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,390	1,375	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	4,110	3,715	35	0
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	1,060	15	0
Europe	36,555	9,725	545	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	60	0	0
Croatia	855	60	0	0
France	470	45	385	0
Germany	3,995	720	15	0
Greece	775	55	0	0
Hungary	680	95	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	400	390	0	0
Italy	2,475	205	15	0
Netherlands	1,020	170	0	0
Poland	4,240	285	0	0
Portugal	3,805	285	0	0
Romania	625	65	0	10
Russian Federation	1,970	60	0	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	325	20	0	0
Ukraine	3,615	150	10	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	6,890	6,680	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	365	105	0
Africa	15,935	4,605	1,295	155
Algeria	100	10	20	10
Egypt	890	180	10	20
Ethiopia	2,210	275	15	0
Kenya	895	340	10	10
Morocco	220	0	65	0
Nigeria	3,490	2,165	0	0
Somalia	750	90	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	530	335	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	1,210	1,175	115
Asia	107,155	16,430	60	95
Afghanistan	610	40	10	0
Bangladesh	845	115	0	0
China^Footnote 53	7,565	385	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	1,375	150	10	0
India	19,430	2,180	10	10
Iran^Footnote 55	1,035	75	0	0
Iraq	835	25	0	0
Japan	180	15	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	2,580	115	0	10
Lebanon	220	35	0	0
Pakistan	2,840	380	0	0
Philippines	56,940	11,295	10	65
Sri Lanka	965	240	0	10
Syria^Footnote 57	695	25	0	0
Taiwan	185	25	0	0
Viet Nam	4,060	290	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	6,800	1,040	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	455	380	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	52,030	9,240	755	45
Americas	1,940	840	10	0
Brazil	95	0	0	0
Colombia	80	0	0	0
Cuba	55	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	0
Jamaica	240	225	0	0
Mexico	240	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	605	495	0	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	570	125	0	0
Europe	3,320	480	95	0
France	85	0	80	0
Germany	95	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	100	95	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	130	0	0	0
Romania	65	0	0	0
Russian Federation	725	0	0	0
Ukraine	965	35	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	300	280	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	850	65	15	0
Africa	7,100	2,210	640	25
Algeria	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	55	15	30	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	725	30	315	0
Côte d'Ivoire	95	0	65	0
Egypt	380	45	0	10
Eritrea	740	75	0	0
Ethiopia	720	130	0	0
Morocco	65	0	10	0
Nigeria	2,405	1,565	0	0
Somalia	380	20	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	0	0
Tunisia	55	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	280	210	20
Asia	39,545	5,610	10	15
Afghanistan	55	0	0	0
Bangladesh	335	35	0	0
China^Footnote 65	2,890	110	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	150	40	0	0
India	9,480	1,120	0	10
Iran^Footnote 67	400	10	0	0
Iraq	315	10	0	0
Israel	585	10	0	0
Japan	45	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	1,160	50	0	0
Lebanon	115	20	0	0
Nepal	205	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,420	165	0	0
Philippines	19,615	3,740	0	10
Saudi Arabia	310	50	0	0
Sri Lanka	225	35	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	535	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	0	0
Turkey	45	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	110	60	0	0
Viet Nam	480	25	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	140	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	125	100	0	0
Australia	65	45	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	55	55	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	693,030	488,955	22,755	2,965
First generation^Footnote 73	192,720	45,605	2,315	330
Second generation^Footnote 74	128,345	101,215	1,940	645
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	371,965	342,135	18,505	1,995
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	141,220	27,270	1,650	255
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	91,515	18,295	720	165
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	35,515	5,595	345	30
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	56,000	12,700	380	135
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	30,680	6,925	275	40
Refugees^Footnote 81	18,645	1,970	630	50
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	380	75	25	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	693,030	488,955	22,760	2,965
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	193,110	67,150	2,145	625
South Asian^Footnote 85	37,570	9,500	40	65
Chinese	19,680	3,850	45	35
Black	26,900	15,685	1,710	225
Filipino	73,365	26,810	45	155
Latin American	6,725	1,090	20	0
Arab	4,560	970	120	35
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	7,880	2,020	40	35
West Asian^Footnote 87	2,450	360	20	0
Korean	3,775	400	10	20
Japanese	1,565	1,105	15	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	2,755	2,025	60	20
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	5,880	3,345	35	25
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	499,920	421,805	20,615	2,340
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	693,030	488,955	22,755	2,965
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	77,605	4,680	730
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	39,160	680	155
Inuit	470	425	10	10
Métis	47,290	42,150	4,245	615
Other North American origins	118,150	105,165	8,355	945
Acadian	415	305	100	10
American	5,265	4,880	160	25
Canadian	113,855	101,325	8,125	915
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	130	125	10	0
Nova Scotian	25	10	0	0
Ontarian	15	0	0	0
Québécois	235	70	135	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	25	20	0	0
European origins	444,215	368,375	17,710	2,000
British Isles origins	230,910	225,035	3,515	885
Channel Islander	40	40	0	0
Cornish	65	65	0	0
English	131,505	128,965	1,380	400
Irish	87,960	85,870	1,415	385
Manx	115	115	0	0
Scottish	113,310	111,145	1,325	345
Welsh	10,960	10,865	40	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	13,325	12,955	190	50
French origins	83,695	64,890	16,455	1,435
Alsatian	20	15	0	0
Breton	65	10	45	0
Corsican	0	10	0	0
French	83,655	64,870	16,440	1,430
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,050	119,265	2,775	575
Austrian	7,420	6,615	70	30
Bavarian	10	10	0	0
Belgian	9,755	8,185	1,285	135
Dutch	25,385	21,790	220	75
Flemish	525	460	35	0
Frisian	80	40	0	0
German	106,380	92,280	975	350
Luxembourger	80	75	0	0
Swiss	2,755	1,985	480	30
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	125	105	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	41,910	260	75
Danish	4,340	4,160	15	10
Finnish	2,435	2,235	25	10
Icelandic	16,180	15,850	95	40
Norwegian	10,225	10,020	65	0
Swedish	12,350	12,075	60	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,555	1,505	10	10
Eastern European origins	156,935	131,805	920	410
Bulgarian	275	90	0	0
Byelorussian	605	275	0	0
Czech	2,655	2,160	15	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,215	1,130	0	0
Estonian	165	110	0	0
Hungarian	6,495	5,160	75	25
Latvian	820	720	10	10
Lithuanian	975	805	20	10
Moldovan	250	55	10	0
Polish	52,190	44,145	325	170
Romanian	3,815	3,035	35	10
Russian	25,780	19,385	45	60
Slovak	1,375	1,030	10	0
Ukrainian	100,005	88,265	485	230
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	705	615	0	0
Southern European origins	47,700	28,025	765	255
Albanian	395	100	0	0
Bosnian	955	215	0	0
Catalan	15	0	0	0
Croatian	2,210	1,170	20	20
Cypriot	35	10	0	0
Greek	3,370	1,935	40	10
Italian	17,745	12,995	405	90
Kosovar	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	75	0	0
Maltese	225	190	0	0
Montenegrin	35	15	0	0
Portuguese	11,770	6,250	70	30
Serbian	1,050	350	10	0
Sicilian	200	180	0	0
Slovenian	890	590	0	15
Spanish	10,410	4,850	265	70
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	755	530	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	65	50	0	0
Other European origins	8,825	6,140	70	10
Basque	95	70	0	0
Jewish	7,310	4,895	30	0
Roma (Gypsy)	95	80	10	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	130	70	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,255	1,075	35	10
Caribbean origins	8,990	8,420	170	25
Antiguan	60	60	0	0
Bahamian	55	55	0	0
Barbadian	645	640	0	0
Bermudan	30	35	0	0
Carib	70	65	0	0
Cuban	240	115	0	0
Dominican	245	155	0	0
Grenadian	145	135	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	135	30	75	0
Jamaican	3,770	3,625	15	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	60	60	0	0
St. Lucian	30	30	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,000	1,930	45	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	155	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	1,275	1,245	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	575	540	25	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	5,115	95	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	195	30	0
Arawak	10	15	0	0
Argentinian	450	140	0	0
Belizean	20	20	0	0
Bolivian	50	35	10	0
Brazilian	690	225	0	0
Chilean	1,260	615	20	0
Colombian	810	160	0	0
Costa Rican	60	20	0	0
Ecuadorian	80	0	0	0
Guatemalan	450	105	0	0
Guyanese	1,310	1,305	0	0
Hispanic	305	170	10	0
Honduran	70	30	0	0
Maya	140	25	0	0
Mexican	1,720	890	15	0
Nicaraguan	295	100	0	10
Panamanian	40	35	0	0
Paraguayan	480	335	0	0
Peruvian	270	25	10	0
Salvadorean	1,675	515	0	0
Uruguayan	35	30	0	0
Venezuelan	185	60	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	735	335	0	0
African origins	25,385	12,185	1,860	305
Central and West African origins	8,045	4,220	1,235	130
Akan	30	20	0	0
Angolan	10	10	0	0
Ashanti	25	10	0	0
Beninese	50	25	20	0
Burkinabe	20	0	15	0
Cameroonian	145	30	100	10
Chadian	10	0	0	0
Congolese	1,545	130	720	95
Edo	125	100	0	0
Ewe	15	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	15	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0
Ghanaian	350	195	35	0
Guinean	65	10	30	0
Ibo	420	280	0	0
Ivorian	120	0	85	0
Liberian	50	25	0	0
Malian	140	0	110	0
Malinké	35	20	0	0
Nigerian	3,450	2,610	15	15
Peulh	25	0	10	0
Senegalese	115	10	80	0
Sierra Leonean	315	180	0	0
Togolese	115	30	75	0
Wolof	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,000	645	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	495	225	40	25
North African origins	3,235	1,000	225	75
Algerian	90	20	20	10
Berber	130	10	50	0
Coptic	75	25	0	0
Dinka	30	10	0	0
Egyptian	1,160	350	30	45
Libyan	305	85	0	0
Maure	70	10	50	0
Moroccan	295	45	75	25
Sudanese	1,030	435	0	0
Tunisian	85	15	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	60	25	0	0
Southern and East African origins	9,195	3,020	220	80
Afrikaner	30	20	0	0
Amhara	115	25	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	150	45	15	0
Burundian	220	35	60	20
Djiboutian	40	0	10	0
Eritrean	2,175	575	0	15
Ethiopian	2,520	850	25	0
Harari	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	290	170	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	105	40	25	25
Oromo	315	75	0	0
Rwandan	295	45	65	15
Seychellois	30	20	0	0
Somali	1,715	370	15	0
South African	380	325	0	0
Tanzanian	85	50	0	0
Tigrian	315	95	0	0
Ugandan	170	120	0	0
Zambian	195	145	0	0
Zimbabwean	265	140	10	0
Zulu	25	20	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	425	175	20	10
Other African origins	5,520	4,195	255	35
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	650	570	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	4,950	3,670	255	25
Asian origins	159,880	51,335	355	415
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	3,225	90	40
Afghan	1,010	200	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	1,530	415	25	30
Armenian	355	195	0	0
Assyrian	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	55	0	0	0
Georgian	105	45	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,565	285	0	0
Iraqi	915	150	0	0
Israeli	715	255	10	0
Jordanian	210	50	0	0
Kazakh	50	35	0	0
Kurd	300	135	0	0
Kuwaiti	40	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	40	10	0	0
Lebanese	980	825	15	10
Palestinian	550	220	15	0
Pashtun	50	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	125	40	0	0
Syrian	900	280	0	0
Tajik	45	20	0	0
Tatar	140	15	0	0
Turk	535	250	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	15	0	0
Yemeni	100	20	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	220	50	0	0
South Asian origins	38,335	10,445	60	80
Bangladeshi	855	195	0	0
Bengali	195	55	0	0
Bhutanese	145	0	0	0
East Indian	30,365	8,480	55	70
Goan	55	55	0	0
Gujarati	150	35	0	0
Kashmiri	15	0	0	0
Nepali	490	55	0	0
Pakistani	2,960	840	0	0
Punjabi	3,495	525	0	10
Sinhalese	255	65	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,020	425	0	0
Tamil	235	85	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	665	145	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,255	38,050	210	290
Burmese	250	80	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	220	0	0
Chinese	26,500	7,095	65	65
Filipino	76,735	28,780	60	170
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	415	275	0	10
Japanese	2,250	1,535	25	0
Karen	450	115	0	10
Korean	3,920	450	10	20
Laotian	1,550	705	10	10
Malaysian	425	210	0	0
Mongolian	130	55	10	0
Singaporean	0	10	0	0
Taiwanese	115	50	0	0
Thai	615	275	10	0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0
Vietnamese	5,490	1,525	35	25
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	150	50	0	0
Other Asian origins	435	145	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	430	145	10	0
Oceania origins	970	930	0	0
Australian	640	635	0	0
New Zealander	180	180	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	195	165	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0
Hawaiian	55	45	0	0
Maori	50	50	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	55	30	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	35	30	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,130
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	65,140	3,725	365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	171,600	126,025	5,165	650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	202,385	11,520	1,110
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,580	25,360	1,825	180
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	19,445	12,240	940	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	18,140	13,120	885	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	73,720	3,890	420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	9,585	760	45
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,760	93,720	5,045	460
Bachelor's degree	105,610	67,580	3,345	310
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	7,250	500	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,690	2,700	120	15
Master's degree	23,210	13,475	910	55
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	4,780	2,715	175	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	574,035	393,545	20,415	2,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	268,750	191,160	8,890	1,015
Education	25,525	18,020	1,480	135
13. Education	25,530	18,020	1,480	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	7,715	285	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,405	45	15
50. Visual and performing arts	8,195	6,310	245	25
Humanities	16,055	10,485	665	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	610	130	10
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	2,330	65	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,030	2,950	140	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	50	50	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,085	800	35	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,470	35	10
54. History	2,555	1,985	95	10
55. French language and literature/letters	570	300	155	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,265	24,920	1,140	120
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	600	480	20	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,505	1,735	90	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,590	4,705	205	20
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	4,055	155	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	725	545	10	0
42. Psychology	6,285	4,925	260	35
45. Social sciences	12,370	8,475	400	30
Business, management and public administration	64,250	42,200	2,630	205
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	125	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,645	3,555	160	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,390	38,515	2,460	195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	7,995	420	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,225	3,550	155	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	2,195	155	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	365	245	10	10
40. Physical sciences	2,835	1,585	65	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	605	425	35	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	8,755	515	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,240	7,180	385	20
25. Library science	815	620	75	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	875	55	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	100	75	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	34,090	1,795	160
04. Architecture and related services	2,045	1,385	50	0
14. Engineering	13,115	5,305	190	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	7,520	330	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,240	7,630	500	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	8,650	520	50
48. Precision production	5,765	3,595	205	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,360	145	25
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,085	85	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,270	60	15
Health and related fields	52,925	34,245	1,785	220
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	2,215	105	20
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	31,055	1,665	200
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	970	20	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,235	10,595	660	85
12. Personal and culinary services	9,580	6,410	400	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	35	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	90	10	0
43. Security and protective services	2,390	1,960	80	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,095	2,095	155	20
Other	25	15	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	25	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,745	191,160	8,890	1,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	305,285	202,385	11,525	1,105
Location of study inside Canada	240,610	187,615	10,755	1,015
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	164,740	8,950	875
Different than province or territory of residence	29,070	22,875	1,805	140
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	64,675	14,765	765	90
United States^Footnote 132	6,010	4,615	150	40
Philippines	23,735	3,935	0	10
India	8,920	1,000	0	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	2,690	2,185	25	0
China^Footnote 134	2,510	70	0	0
France	315	20	225	10
Other	20,495	2,930	360	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	574,035	393,545	20,410	2,125
In the labour force	385,100	268,600	12,425	1,440
Employed	360,060	251,140	11,875	1,330
Unemployed	25,040	17,460	545	120
Not in the labour force	188,940	124,940	7,995	680
Participation rate	67.1	68.3	60.9	67.8
Employment rate	62.7	63.8	58.2	62.6
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	4.4	8.3
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	574,035	393,545	20,415	2,125
Did not work^Footnote 137	177,655	115,355	7,295	620
Worked	396,385	278,185	13,115	1,510
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	204,765	150,540	7,110	670
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	191,620	127,650	6,010	840
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.5	43.1	41.2
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	409,300	286,005	13,575	1,575
a.Management	37,350	28,980	1,295	65
00 Senior management occupations	3,935	3,345	135	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	13,520	10,700	650	35
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,170	9,685	285	25
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,730	5,260	225	10
b.Professional	75,605	55,755	3,225	350
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	13,255	9,840	550	30
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,290	9,060	415	40
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,400	6,040	285	45
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	7,020	5,115	200	40
40 Professional occupations in education services	17,375	12,805	1,095	110
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	11,590	9,305	395	50
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,685	3,585	280	30
c.Technical and paraprofessional	41,280	30,170	1,555	140
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,485	8,960	395	35
32 Technical occupations in health	7,415	4,825	250	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,790	7,660	295	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,995	2,500	235	20
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,595	6,225	380	35
d.Administration and administrative support	54,225	40,325	2,285	205
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	19,865	15,195	990	80
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,115	3,000	180	25
14 Office support occupations	21,695	15,655	880	85
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,550	6,470	235	10
e.Sales	39,210	28,655	845	175
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	8,535	6,455	235	20
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	18,265	14,050	420	115
66 Sales support occupations	12,420	8,155	195	35
f.Personal and customer information services	85,265	53,060	2,400	395
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	11,260	5,525	305	30
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,670	8,800	410	55
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	13,755	8,330	305	35
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	23,080	16,365	760	165
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	24,500	14,040	615	110
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	28,125	20,205	945	135
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	18,045	13,040	620	70
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,085	7,160	325	65
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	25,545	17,200	655	75
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	6,005	4,500	70	10
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	14,520	8,890	455	35
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	5,020	3,805	135	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,295	3,410	145	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	720	610	25	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	1,000	655	50	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,580	2,140	75	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,400	8,250	220	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,255	1,500	45	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,140	2,530	65	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,520	2,265	70	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,480	1,955	45	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	409,300	286,010	13,570	1,570
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,865	1,850	110	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	2,530	1,600	100	0
113 Forestry and logging	55	40	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	40	40	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	235	170	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	590	25	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	165	140	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	255	225	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	290	230	15	0
22 Utilities	3,905	3,205	120	10
221 Utilities	3,900	3,210	120	10
23 Construction	25,655	19,585	905	110
236 Construction of buildings	7,210	5,370	270	45
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	3,030	2,290	130	10
238 Specialty trade contractors	15,415	11,930	500	50
31-33 Manufacturing	34,680	18,800	650	55
311 Food manufacturing	4,550	2,015	60	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	515	410	15	0
313 Textile mills	70	20	0	0
314 Textile product mills	180	85	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,310	315	10	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	155	55	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	690	445	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	625	425	10	0
323 Printing and related support activities	2,335	1,600	60	0
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	85	75	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,315	775	25	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	2,595	1,465	45	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	770	545	15	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,190	665	25	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,505	1,465	45	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	3,450	1,765	60	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	685	365	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	800	375	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,060	3,625	135	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	3,080	1,265	45	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,710	1,030	60	10
41 Wholesale trade	14,355	10,735	370	20
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	755	570	20	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	110	95	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,405	1,650	45	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,775	1,125	40	10
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,210	960	25	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,320	1,785	80	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,440	2,725	70	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,730	1,350	50	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	615	480	30	0
44-45 Retail trade	45,615	32,775	875	170
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,065	3,800	155	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,080	1,635	20	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,750	1,270	40	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,225	2,505	85	15
445 Food and beverage stores	10,285	6,665	210	45
446 Health and personal care stores	4,325	2,990	70	25
447 Gasoline stations	1,700	1,170	30	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,155	3,745	60	20
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,335	2,060	55	10
452 General merchandise stores	5,880	3,945	65	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,675	2,090	45	10
454 Non-store retailers	1,155	895	30	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	22,765	15,060	720	95
481 Air transportation	1,965	1,535	100	15
482 Rail transportation	2,625	2,085	125	20
483 Water transportation	15	10	0	0
484 Truck transportation	7,685	4,665	175	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,755	1,085	100	10
486 Pipeline transportation	40	25	10	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	10	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,735	1,965	65	10
491 Postal service	1,605	1,195	90	0
492 Couriers and messengers	2,140	1,580	40	0
493 Warehousing and storage	1,195	910	25	10
51 Information and cultural industries	8,675	6,890	420	35
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,305	1,010	35	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,475	1,185	70	10
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	805	635	95	10
517 Telecommunications	3,870	3,090	145	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	145	120	0	0
519 Other information services	1,065	845	65	0
52 Finance and insurance	19,105	14,050	805	110
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	0	0	0	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,730	3,990	200	25
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,835	2,255	120	0
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,415	7,720	475	80
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	120	85	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,160	4,510	180	20
531 Real estate	5,250	3,820	160	15
532 Rental and leasing services	900	685	15	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,380	16,770	660	65
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,385	16,770	665	65
55 Management of companies and enterprises	560	430	25	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	555	430	20	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,980	11,220	495	100
561 Administrative and support services	16,450	10,805	480	95
562 Waste management and remediation services	530	420	10	0
61 Educational services	35,060	25,860	2,065	170
611 Educational services	35,060	25,860	2,060	175
62 Health care and social assistance	59,725	39,025	1,855	250
621 Ambulatory health care services	15,480	10,620	455	60
622 Hospitals	19,585	13,205	595	60
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	11,385	6,090	415	50
624 Social assistance	13,275	9,110	395	80
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,860	7,880	370	70
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,145	2,625	170	15
712 Heritage institutions	825	670	75	20
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	5,890	4,585	130	30
72 Accommodation and food services	31,915	20,180	550	100
721 Accommodation services	5,100	3,120	110	10
722 Food services and drinking places	26,820	17,065	440	85
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,230	12,735	575	70
811 Repair and maintenance	4,900	3,330	80	30
812 Personal and laundry services	5,825	3,920	180	10
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,395	4,795	265	25
814 Private households	1,120	690	45	10
91 Public administration	30,100	23,845	1,805	120
911 Federal government public administration	11,775	9,005	1,045	55
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,610	8,340	530	30
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,430	6,300	235	35
914 Aboriginal public administration	255	195	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	35	0	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	360,060	251,140	11,875	1,330
Worked at home	14,985	11,325	650	100
Worked outside Canada	1,270	650	25	0
No fixed workplace address	35,110	25,040	1,110	165
Worked at usual place	308,690	214,120	10,090	1,060
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	409,300	286,005	13,575	1,570
English	395,805	283,170	10,365	1,290
French	4,005	1,130	2,470	80
Non-official language	3,900	270	15	0
Aboriginal	75	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,830	265	20	0
English and French	1,675	470	720	195
English and non-official language	3,875	955	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	15	0	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	409,305	286,005	13,570	1,570
None	382,965	278,765	8,075	1,230
English	4,530	1,090	1,665	65
French	8,590	4,050	3,745	265
Non-official language	12,935	1,980	50	0
Aboriginal	375	180	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,560	1,805	55	10
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	40	0	20	0
French and non-official language	230	115	20	10
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	214,125	10,085	1,060
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	200,165	9,435	1,020
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,650	2,235	65	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	10,830	545	30
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	895	40	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	343,805	239,165	11,195	1,225
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,970	172,265	7,810	755
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	15,095	635	95
Public transit	51,060	32,240	1,500	190
Walked	16,730	11,925	765	125
Bicycle	6,205	5,060	330	35
Other method	3,560	2,585	160	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	343,805	239,165	11,195	1,225
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	55,525	2,865	305
15 to 29 minutes	149,890	106,025	4,950	540
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	54,370	2,540	230
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	14,355	505	100
60 minutes and over	13,730	8,890	340	55
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	343,805	239,165	11,200	1,225
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	9,690	400	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	40,815	1,910	165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,630	75,470	3,960	380
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	51,385	2,550	305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	23,300	1,020	115
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	38,505	1,360	205
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	685,370	482,870	22,600	2,910
Non-movers	584,855	419,055	20,105	2,395
Movers	100,515	63,810	2,495	510
Non-migrants	75,540	51,485	1,825	405
Migrants	24,975	12,330	670	105
Internal migrants	12,940	9,790	505	75
Intraprovincial migrants	6,755	5,560	150	35
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	4,225	360	45
External migrants	12,035	2,540	165	25
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	653,850	457,490	21,995	2,690
Non-movers	382,145	285,220	14,510	1,425
Movers	271,710	172,275	7,480	1,270
Non-migrants	183,715	134,245	5,290	955
Migrants	87,995	38,030	2,190	310
Internal migrants	35,120	27,450	1,475	220
Intraprovincial migrants	18,765	15,645	580	70
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	11,800	890	150
External migrants	52,870	10,580	715	90

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Division No. 11

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.