Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981), Mother Tongue (4), Age (8B) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

• Age (8B): Total - Age
• Sex (3): Total - Sex

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , mother tongue , age and sex for the population in private households in Winnipeg, CY

Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (981)	Mother tongue (4)
	Total - Mother tongue^Footnote 1	English	French	English and French
Population in private households - 25% sample data	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
Total - Age groups, average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
0 to 14 years	118,425	94,860	2,340	840
0 to 4 years	39,035	31,340	755	275
5 to 9 years	40,225	32,940	755	295
10 to 14 years	39,170	30,580	825	275
15 to 64 years	471,750	328,110	14,465	1,805
15 to 19 years	42,805	32,150	905	255
20 to 24 years	50,165	37,130	1,115	285
25 to 29 years	51,760	36,895	1,360	335
30 to 34 years	50,790	34,340	1,305	155
35 to 39 years	47,585	30,980	1,225	185
40 to 44 years	45,375	29,655	1,270	130
45 to 49 years	44,795	29,620	1,200	130
50 to 54 years	49,655	34,570	1,925	120
55 to 59 years	47,375	33,780	1,995	120
60 to 64 years	41,445	28,985	2,165	85
65 years and over	99,825	63,280	5,845	310
65 to 69 years	34,895	24,075	1,830	95
70 to 74 years	23,980	15,770	1,495	85
75 to 79 years	16,970	10,135	1,090	50
80 to 84 years	12,830	7,285	815	50
85 years and over	11,150	6,015	610	30
85 to 89 years	7,385	4,020	395	10
90 to 94 years	3,045	1,600	185	15
95 to 99 years	615	355	25	0
100 years and over	100	40	10	0
Average age	39.2	37.7	47.9	31.1
Median age	38.2	36.2	51.6	26.3
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 2	571,575	391,395	20,315	2,120
Married or living common law	314,560	200,360	11,965	910
Married	265,595	160,135	9,945	635
Living common law	48,965	40,230	2,020	275
Not married and not living common law	257,020	191,030	8,345	1,210
Never married	179,510	136,430	4,560	915
Separated	14,680	10,650	475	50
Divorced	34,655	26,905	1,605	140
Widowed	28,180	17,045	1,710	100
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 3	571,580	391,395	20,310	2,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,885	373,280	19,825	1,990
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,916	48,256	48,114	42,222
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,122	37,858	40,517	30,214
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	544,000	373,375	19,825	1,990
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,742	39,061	39,509	34,532
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,070	33,081	35,053	27,535
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	492,600	342,080	18,530	1,795
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,106	47,374	44,552	41,648
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,573	36,069	36,883	28,149
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	402,440	268,840	14,645	1,560
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,723	8,769	5,997
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,353	3,399	8,209	1,816
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	412,400	289,310	13,935	1,575
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,874	46,296	47,434	41,649
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,805	36,713	41,885	28,316
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^Footnote 4	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^Footnote 5	88.9	90.0	86.5	89.0
Employment income (%)^Footnote 6	74.1	74.4	69.3	78.1
Government transfers (%)^Footnote 7	11.1	10.0	13.5	11.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 8	571,580	391,395	20,315	2,115
Without total income	27,700	18,110	485	125
With total income	543,885	373,280	19,825	1,990
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	97.6	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	75,080	47,440	1,675	295
$10,000 to $19,999	83,430	53,915	2,665	400
$20,000 to $29,999	76,540	48,245	2,870	305
$30,000 to $39,999	72,200	47,365	2,570	265
$40,000 to $49,999	63,930	44,380	2,435	175
$50,000 to $59,999	48,425	35,340	2,055	155
$60,000 to $69,999	33,820	25,560	1,475	125
$70,000 to $79,999	25,040	19,455	1,070	75
$80,000 to $89,999	19,380	15,155	945	60
$90,000 to $99,999	12,575	9,610	630	45
$100,000 and over	33,470	26,820	1,435	90
$100,000 to $149,999	23,100	18,475	1,075	55
$150,000 and over	10,365	8,345	360	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 9	571,580	391,395	20,315	2,115
Without after-tax income	27,575	18,015	485	130
With after-tax income	544,005	373,380	19,830	1,990
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.4	97.6	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	77,545	49,320	1,785	300
$10,000 to $19,999	90,170	58,300	2,905	420
$20,000 to $29,999	94,155	60,030	3,420	355
$30,000 to $39,999	90,340	60,805	3,415	295
$40,000 to $49,999	68,655	49,460	2,850	215
$50,000 to $59,999	45,225	34,505	1,960	160
$60,000 to $69,999	30,220	23,405	1,320	110
$70,000 to $79,999	18,305	14,150	910	50
$80,000 and over	29,390	23,405	1,245	95
$80,000 to $89,999	9,860	7,795	480	25
$90,000 to $99,999	5,685	4,475	260	15
$100,000 and over	13,845	11,135	510	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 10	571,575	391,395	20,315	2,120
Without employment income	159,175	102,085	6,380	540
With employment income	412,400	289,305	13,930	1,580
Percentage with employment income	72.2	73.9	68.6	74.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,555	32,535	1,600	205
$5,000 to $9,999	29,560	20,470	900	130
$10,000 to $19,999	53,190	35,415	1,510	275
$20,000 to $29,999	51,780	33,250	1,260	205
$30,000 to $39,999	52,035	33,905	1,455	175
$40,000 to $49,999	45,700	31,530	1,550	140
$50,000 to $59,999	35,930	26,075	1,415	115
$60,000 to $69,999	25,400	19,455	965	80
$70,000 to $79,999	20,130	15,550	820	70
$80,000 and over	52,130	41,120	2,465	170
$80,000 to $89,999	16,190	12,595	840	60
$90,000 to $99,999	10,300	7,945	510	25
$100,000 and over	25,635	20,580	1,110	85
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 11	571,580	391,395	20,310	2,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 12	199,995	147,205	6,990	635
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 13	50,937	53,306	58,641	49,159
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^Footnote 14	61,165	63,831	65,218	55,532
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 15	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
English only	608,785	444,960	1,730	655
French only	875	15	645	10
English and French	69,355	41,010	20,270	2,285
Neither English nor French	10,990	265	10	0
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 16	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
English	540,810	466,050	13,050	2,025
French	8,905	340	8,080	110
Non-official language	91,755	4,870	135	25
Aboriginal	960	300	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	90,795	4,570	130	25
English and French	2,090	490	1,000	530
English and non-official language	45,435	14,315	80	110
French and non-official language	360	10	180	35
English, French and non-official language	650	185	125	125
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 17	690,000	486,255	22,655	2,955
None	583,905	465,900	12,015	2,185
English	45,350	2,780	4,695	115
French	11,780	5,555	5,210	550
Non-official language	46,965	11,675	560	75
Aboriginal	2,335	1,040	10	0
Non-Aboriginal	44,630	10,635	550	65
English and French	260	10	25	0
English and non-official language	1,235	110	105	0
French and non-official language	490	225	60	25
English, French and non-official language	25	0	0	10
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 18	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,955
English	654,730	486,235	1,725	2,170
French	21,725	20	20,925	145
English and French	2,840	0	0	645
Neither English nor French	10,710	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^Footnote 19	23,145	20	20,930	465
Official language minority (percentage)^Footnote 20	3.4	0.0	92.4	15.7
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 21	690,000	486,255	22,655	2,955
Official languages	679,010	485,985	22,645	2,955
English	678,135	485,970	22,000	2,945
French	70,230	41,030	20,915	2,300
Non-official languages	220,920	47,325	2,645	640
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,530	35	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,340	44,845	2,610	615
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 22	690,005	486,255	22,650	2,955
Aboriginal identity^Footnote 23	84,305	75,785	4,340	630
Single Aboriginal responses^Footnote 24	82,755	74,325	4,315	595
First Nations (North American Indian)^Footnote 25	36,840	33,315	145	65
Métis	45,635	40,780	4,165	530
Inuk (Inuit)	280	235	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^Footnote 26	1,190	1,115	20	30
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^Footnote 27	360	340	10	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	605,700	410,475	18,310	2,330
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 28	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
Registered or Treaty Indian^Footnote 29	35,035	31,500	210	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	654,965	454,760	22,440	2,885
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 30	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,955
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 31	28,495	25,140	665	155
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 32	27,405	24,125	650	150
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^Footnote 33	19,315	16,865	30	35
Métis single ancestry	8,035	7,205	620	115
Inuit single ancestry	60	50	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^Footnote 34	1,085	1,015	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	985	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 35	57,540	52,195	4,000	580
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 36	54,120	49,110	3,765	540
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,265	18,190	400	80
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,630	30,735	3,355	465
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	195	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^Footnote 37	3,425	3,090	235	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,275	2,940	235	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	65	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	80	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^Footnote 38	603,970	408,915	17,990	2,225
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 39	690,000	486,255	22,655	2,955
Canadian citizens^Footnote 40	609,450	469,700	21,550	2,845
Canadian citizens only	589,960	462,505	21,175	2,800
Citizens of Canada and at least one other country	19,490	7,195	370	45
Not Canadian citizens^Footnote 41	80,555	16,555	1,105	110
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 42	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
Non-immigrants^Footnote 43	500,560	443,335	20,415	2,645
Immigrants^Footnote 44	176,155	39,965	1,980	275
Before 1981	37,655	13,320	365	20
1981 to 1990	16,165	3,600	65	10
1991 to 2000	17,875	3,650	210	15
2001 to 2010	52,445	10,150	590	185
2001 to 2005	15,940	3,210	275	75
2006 to 2010	36,505	6,940	315	115
2011 to 2016^Footnote 45	52,020	9,240	750	45
Non-permanent residents^Footnote 46	13,285	2,945	255	35
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 47	176,160	39,970	1,985	275
Under 5 years	17,810	8,315	230	140
5 to 14 years	32,890	9,110	380	65
15 to 24 years	34,765	7,305	490	15
25 to 44 years	75,955	13,170	805	45
45 years and over	14,730	2,070	80	10
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 48	176,160	39,970	1,985	275
Americas	16,190	8,880	90	15
Brazil	385	20	0	0
Colombia	525	15	0	0
El Salvador	1,490	75	0	0
Guyana	1,065	1,065	0	0
Haiti	75	10	40	0
Jamaica	1,570	1,500	0	0
Mexico	730	55	10	0
Peru	195	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	1,375	0	0
United States^Footnote 49	4,100	3,710	35	10
Other places of birth in Americas	4,665	1,055	10	0
Europe	36,450	9,675	535	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	60	0	0
Croatia	855	60	0	0
France	465	45	380	0
Germany	3,980	715	15	0
Greece	765	50	0	0
Hungary	675	90	10	0
Ireland^Footnote 50	390	380	0	0
Italy	2,465	205	15	0
Netherlands	1,005	170	0	0
Poland	4,240	285	0	0
Portugal	3,800	280	0	0
Romania	625	65	0	10
Russian Federation	1,965	60	10	0
Serbia^Footnote 51	325	25	0	0
Ukraine	3,605	145	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 52	6,870	6,670	0	10
Other places of birth in Europe	3,400	365	100	0
Africa	15,940	4,600	1,300	155
Algeria	105	10	20	10
Egypt	890	180	10	20
Ethiopia	2,215	275	10	0
Kenya	890	340	10	10
Morocco	220	0	65	0
Nigeria	3,490	2,165	0	0
Somalia	745	90	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	530	335	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	1,215	1,175	115
Asia	107,125	16,425	60	95
Afghanistan	605	45	15	0
Bangladesh	845	115	0	0
China^Footnote 53	7,560	385	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 54	1,370	150	10	0
India	19,435	2,180	10	0
Iran^Footnote 55	1,035	75	0	0
Iraq	835	25	0	0
Japan	175	15	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 56	2,575	110	0	10
Lebanon	225	35	0	0
Pakistan	2,835	380	0	0
Philippines	56,935	11,295	10	65
Sri Lanka	965	240	0	10
Syria^Footnote 57	690	25	0	0
Taiwan	185	20	0	0
Viet Nam	4,055	290	10	0
Other places of birth in Asia	6,785	1,025	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth^Footnote 58	450	380	0	0
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 59	52,020	9,240	750	45
Americas	1,940	840	10	0
Brazil	95	0	0	0
Colombia	80	0	0	0
Cuba	55	0	0	0
Haiti	15	0	10	0
Jamaica	240	225	0	0
Mexico	240	0	0	0
United States^Footnote 60	595	490	10	0
Venezuela^Footnote 61	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	570	120	0	0
Europe	3,320	480	90	0
France	85	0	75	0
Germany	100	10	0	0
Ireland^Footnote 62	95	95	0	0
Moldova^Footnote 63	130	0	0	0
Romania	60	0	0	0
Russian Federation	725	0	0	0
Ukraine	965	35	0	0
United Kingdom^Footnote 64	300	280	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	855	60	15	0
Africa	7,100	2,210	645	25
Algeria	20	0	0	0
Cameroon	50	15	30	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	725	30	310	0
Côte d'Ivoire	95	0	70	0
Egypt	380	40	0	0
Eritrea	740	70	0	0
Ethiopia	720	130	0	0
Morocco	60	0	10	0
Nigeria	2,405	1,570	0	0
Somalia	380	20	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	50	10	0
Tunisia	55	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,365	280	205	15
Asia	39,535	5,605	0	20
Afghanistan	60	0	0	0
Bangladesh	330	35	0	0
China^Footnote 65	2,885	105	0	0
Hong Kong^Footnote 66	150	35	0	0
India	9,480	1,120	10	0
Iran^Footnote 67	400	10	0	0
Iraq	315	10	0	0
Israel	585	10	0	0
Japan	45	0	0	0
Korea, South^Footnote 68	1,155	55	0	0
Lebanon	115	15	0	0
Nepal	205	10	0	0
Pakistan	1,415	165	0	0
Philippines	19,615	3,740	0	15
Saudi Arabia	315	45	0	0
Sri Lanka	225	30	0	0
Syria^Footnote 69	540	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	0	0
Turkey	40	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	105	60	0	0
Viet Nam	485	25	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	140	0	0
Oceania and other^Footnote 70	125	100	0	0
Australia	70	45	0	0
Other places of birth^Footnote 71	60	60	0	0
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 72	690,005	486,250	22,655	2,960
First generation^Footnote 73	192,560	45,530	2,315	325
Second generation^Footnote 74	127,905	100,895	1,925	640
Third generation or more^Footnote 75	369,540	339,825	18,420	1,990
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^Footnote 76	141,175	27,255	1,650	255
Economic immigrants^Footnote 77	91,505	18,295	720	165
Principal applicants^Footnote 78	35,510	5,590	345	30
Secondary applicants^Footnote 79	55,990	12,700	380	135
Immigrants sponsored by family^Footnote 80	30,655	6,915	275	40
Refugees^Footnote 81	18,635	1,965	630	50
Other immigrants^Footnote 82	385	75	25	0
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 83	690,005	486,255	22,655	2,960
Total visible minority population^Footnote 84	193,050	67,115	2,150	625
South Asian^Footnote 85	37,570	9,495	45	65
Chinese	19,660	3,835	40	40
Black	26,890	15,680	1,710	220
Filipino	73,365	26,805	45	155
Latin American	6,715	1,085	15	0
Arab	4,560	965	120	30
Southeast Asian^Footnote 86	7,880	2,020	40	40
West Asian^Footnote 87	2,450	360	20	0
Korean	3,780	400	0	20
Japanese	1,550	1,095	10	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^Footnote 88	2,755	2,025	60	20
Multiple visible minorities^Footnote 89	5,875	3,350	30	30
Not a visible minority^Footnote 90	496,950	419,135	20,510	2,335
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 91	690,005	486,255	22,650	2,960
North American Aboriginal origins	86,035	77,335	4,665	735
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,000	39,070	680	150
Inuit	470	425	10	0
Métis	47,085	41,960	4,235	620
Other North American origins	117,405	104,465	8,320	940
Acadian	415	300	100	15
American	5,205	4,825	155	30
Canadian	113,130	100,635	8,100	910
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	130	125	10	0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0
Ontarian	15	10	0	10
Québécois	225	65	130	20
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 92	25	25	0	0
European origins	441,560	365,990	17,635	1,995
British Isles origins	229,270	223,415	3,505	880
Channel Islander	40	40	0	0
Cornish	65	65	0	0
English	130,675	128,140	1,380	400
Irish	87,415	85,335	1,415	385
Manx	110	115	0	0
Scottish	112,260	110,105	1,330	350
Welsh	10,885	10,790	45	25
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 93	13,255	12,900	185	50
French origins	83,295	64,570	16,385	1,430
Alsatian	20	15	0	0
Breton	65	15	45	10
Corsican	0	0	0	0
French	83,250	64,545	16,370	1,425
Western European origins (except French origins)	137,255	118,575	2,765	570
Austrian	7,385	6,585	70	30
Bavarian	10	10	0	0
Belgian	9,710	8,145	1,285	140
Dutch	25,205	21,645	220	70
Flemish	515	460	30	0
Frisian	80	45	0	0
German	105,790	91,745	965	350
Luxembourger	80	75	0	0
Swiss	2,735	1,980	475	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 94	125	105	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	42,830	41,700	260	80
Danish	4,320	4,140	15	10
Finnish	2,430	2,230	20	10
Icelandic	16,090	15,770	95	40
Norwegian	10,155	9,960	65	0
Swedish	12,270	12,000	60	10
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 95	1,560	1,505	15	10
Eastern European origins	156,060	130,990	910	410
Bulgarian	275	90	0	0
Byelorussian	605	275	0	0
Czech	2,660	2,160	10	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^Footnote 96	1,215	1,130	0	0
Estonian	165	110	0	0
Hungarian	6,465	5,135	75	25
Latvian	825	720	10	0
Lithuanian	975	805	25	10
Moldovan	250	55	10	0
Polish	51,950	43,925	320	165
Romanian	3,800	3,020	35	10
Russian	25,695	19,310	50	60
Slovak	1,350	1,015	10	0
Ukrainian	99,360	87,640	480	230
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 97	710	615	0	0
Southern European origins	47,485	27,860	770	250
Albanian	395	100	0	0
Bosnian	960	210	0	0
Catalan	10	0	0	0
Croatian	2,210	1,165	25	20
Cypriot	35	10	0	0
Greek	3,290	1,875	40	10
Italian	17,660	12,915	405	95
Kosovar	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	80	0	0
Maltese	225	190	0	0
Montenegrin	30	15	0	0
Portuguese	11,725	6,225	65	30
Serbian	1,055	350	10	0
Sicilian	205	180	0	0
Slovenian	890	585	0	15
Spanish	10,395	4,840	260	75
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^Footnote 98	755	530	0	10
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 99	70	55	0	0
Other European origins	8,810	6,125	70	10
Basque	95	70	0	0
Jewish	7,300	4,895	30	10
Roma (Gypsy)	100	80	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^Footnote 100	125	65	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 101	1,245	1,065	35	10
Caribbean origins	8,980	8,420	170	25
Antiguan	60	65	0	0
Bahamian	60	60	0	0
Barbadian	645	640	0	0
Bermudan	35	35	0	0
Carib	70	65	0	0
Cuban	230	115	0	0
Dominican	245	155	0	0
Grenadian	145	135	0	10
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0
Haitian	135	35	75	0
Jamaican	3,770	3,630	15	20
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	10	0	0
Puerto Rican	60	60	0	0
St. Lucian	30	30	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,000	1,930	50	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	155	155	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^Footnote 102	1,275	1,245	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 103	575	545	20	10
Latin, Central and South American origins	10,990	5,115	95	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	195	30	0
Arawak	10	10	0	0
Argentinian	445	135	0	0
Belizean	25	20	0	0
Bolivian	50	30	10	0
Brazilian	690	225	0	0
Chilean	1,260	610	20	0
Colombian	805	160	0	0
Costa Rican	60	20	0	0
Ecuadorian	80	0	0	0
Guatemalan	450	110	0	0
Guyanese	1,310	1,305	0	0
Hispanic	300	175	0	0
Honduran	75	30	0	0
Maya	135	25	0	0
Mexican	1,715	885	20	0
Nicaraguan	295	95	0	0
Panamanian	40	40	0	0
Paraguayan	485	330	0	0
Peruvian	265	25	10	0
Salvadorean	1,670	515	0	0
Uruguayan	35	30	0	0
Venezuelan	185	60	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 104	735	335	0	0
African origins	25,365	12,165	1,860	305
Central and West African origins	8,050	4,220	1,230	135
Akan	30	20	0	0
Angolan	15	10	0	0
Ashanti	25	10	0	0
Beninese	50	20	20	0
Burkinabe	20	0	15	0
Cameroonian	145	25	100	10
Chadian	10	0	0	0
Congolese	1,545	130	720	95
Edo	130	95	0	0
Ewe	15	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	15	0
Gambian	10	0	0	0
Ghanaian	350	190	35	0
Guinean	65	15	30	0
Ibo	420	280	0	0
Ivorian	120	0	80	0
Liberian	50	25	0	0
Malian	145	0	115	0
Malinké	35	20	0	0
Nigerian	3,450	2,610	15	15
Peulh	30	0	0	0
Senegalese	115	10	75	0
Sierra Leonean	315	180	0	0
Togolese	110	25	75	0
Wolof	20	0	10	0
Yoruba	1,000	645	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 105	495	225	45	25
North African origins	3,240	1,000	225	75
Algerian	95	20	20	0
Berber	135	10	50	0
Coptic	75	25	0	0
Dinka	30	10	0	0
Egyptian	1,160	350	30	45
Libyan	300	90	0	0
Maure	70	10	50	0
Moroccan	295	45	75	25
Sudanese	1,030	430	0	0
Tunisian	85	20	10	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 106	65	25	0	0
Southern and East African origins	9,190	3,015	215	80
Afrikaner	30	20	10	0
Amhara	115	25	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^Footnote 107	150	40	20	0
Burundian	220	30	60	25
Djiboutian	45	0	10	0
Eritrean	2,175	580	0	15
Ethiopian	2,525	845	25	0
Harari	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	285	170	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	105	40	25	20
Oromo	315	70	0	0
Rwandan	295	45	65	15
Seychellois	30	20	0	0
Somali	1,715	370	15	0
South African	380	330	10	0
Tanzanian	85	50	0	0
Tigrian	315	100	0	0
Ugandan	170	120	0	0
Zambian	195	150	0	0
Zimbabwean	260	135	10	0
Zulu	25	25	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 108	425	170	25	15
Other African origins	5,500	4,180	255	30
Black, n.o.s.^Footnote 109	650	575	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 110	4,930	3,650	255	30
Asian origins	159,815	51,290	355	415
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,715	3,230	90	40
Afghan	1,010	200	20	0
Arab, n.o.s.^Footnote 111	1,535	410	25	30
Armenian	345	195	0	0
Assyrian	35	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	55	0	0	0
Georgian	100	45	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,570	285	10	0
Iraqi	910	150	0	0
Israeli	715	250	0	0
Jordanian	210	50	0	0
Kazakh	50	35	0	0
Kurd	300	135	0	0
Kuwaiti	45	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	35	0	0	0
Lebanese	980	820	10	10
Palestinian	545	220	15	0
Pashtun	50	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	120	40	0	0
Syrian	905	280	0	0
Tajik	45	15	0	0
Tatar	145	15	0	0
Turk	535	245	10	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0
Uighur	10	0	0	0
Uzbek	55	20	0	0
Yemeni	105	25	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 112	220	55	0	0
South Asian origins	38,340	10,445	60	80
Bangladeshi	855	195	0	0
Bengali	195	50	0	0
Bhutanese	145	0	0	0
East Indian	30,365	8,480	55	70
Goan	55	55	0	0
Gujarati	150	35	0	0
Kashmiri	20	0	0	0
Nepali	495	55	0	0
Pakistani	2,960	845	0	0
Punjabi	3,495	525	0	10
Sinhalese	255	65	0	0
Sri Lankan	1,020	425	0	10
Tamil	240	85	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 113	665	145	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,200	38,000	210	295
Burmese	245	75	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	495	220	0	0
Chinese	26,475	7,075	65	65
Filipino	76,730	28,770	60	170
Hmong	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	420	275	0	10
Japanese	2,235	1,525	25	10
Karen	450	110	0	10
Korean	3,920	450	10	20
Laotian	1,555	705	10	10
Malaysian	430	215	0	0
Mongolian	130	55	0	0
Singaporean	10	10	0	0
Taiwanese	115	45	0	0
Thai	610	270	10	0
Tibetan	15	15	0	0
Vietnamese	5,485	1,520	35	25
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 114	150	55	0	0
Other Asian origins	435	145	10	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 115	435	145	0	0
Oceania origins	955	920	0	0
Australian	630	625	0	0
New Zealander	180	180	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	200	160	0	0
Fijian	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	55	50	0	0
Maori	55	55	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^Footnote 116	50	30	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^Footnote 117	40	30	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 118	571,575	391,395	20,315	2,120
No certificate, diploma or degree	96,905	64,925	3,710	365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^Footnote 119	170,840	125,345	5,135	650
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	303,825	201,115	11,470	1,100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,375	25,195	1,815	180
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 120	19,370	12,190	930	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^Footnote 121	18,005	13,000	880	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	101,645	73,330	3,875	420
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,775	9,520	755	50
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,035	93,075	5,025	455
Bachelor's degree	105,075	67,100	3,325	305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,400	7,195	500	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,670	2,685	120	15
Master's degree	23,115	13,390	905	55
Earned doctorate^Footnote 122	4,770	2,705	170	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 123	571,580	391,395	20,315	2,115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 124	267,750	190,280	8,845	1,015
Education	25,365	17,880	1,480	135
13. Education	25,365	17,880	1,480	130
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,830	7,695	290	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,660	1,400	45	10
50. Visual and performing arts	8,170	6,295	245	25
Humanities	16,020	10,455	665	45
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	610	125	10
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	2,325	70	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,020	2,935	140	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^Footnote 125	50	50	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	800	35	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,065	1,460	40	0
54. History	2,550	1,975	95	10
55. French language and literature/letters	565	300	155	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,095	24,755	1,135	120
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	600	480	20	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,500	1,730	90	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,560	4,670	205	20
22. Legal professions and studies	5,160	4,035	155	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^Footnote 126	725	540	10	0
42. Psychology	6,260	4,895	255	40
45. Social sciences	12,295	8,405	405	30
Business, management and public administration	63,950	41,940	2,615	200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	125	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,615	3,530	155	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,120	38,285	2,450	195
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,240	7,950	415	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,215	3,535	155	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,230	2,165	155	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^Footnote 127	360	240	10	10
40. Physical sciences	2,830	1,580	65	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	600	420	35	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,690	8,710	515	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,195	7,135	385	25
25. Library science	820	625	75	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	880	55	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^Footnote 128	105	75	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,700	33,865	1,780	155
04. Architecture and related services	2,035	1,380	50	0
14. Engineering	13,075	5,275	185	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,965	7,495	325	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,185	7,580	495	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,700	8,560	515	55
48. Precision production	5,740	3,575	205	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,100	3,325	145	20
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,425	2,065	85	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,255	60	15
Health and related fields	52,625	33,990	1,775	215
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,645	2,185	105	20
51. Health professions and related programs	48,470	30,840	1,655	200
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,515	965	20	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,190	10,545	660	85
12. Personal and culinary services	9,555	6,390	400	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	35	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	85	15	0
43. Security and protective services	2,380	1,950	80	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,080	2,080	155	20
Other	25	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 129	571,575	391,390	20,315	2,120
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	267,750	190,280	8,845	1,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^Footnote 130	303,830	201,115	11,470	1,100
Location of study inside Canada	239,215	186,375	10,705	1,015
Same as province or territory of residence	210,325	163,655	8,900	870
Different than province or territory of residence	28,890	22,715	1,800	140
Location of study outside Canada^Footnote 131	64,615	14,740	765	85
United States^Footnote 132	5,985	4,595	150	40
Philippines	23,730	3,935	0	10
India	8,920	1,000	10	10
United Kingdom^Footnote 133	2,680	2,185	25	10
China^Footnote 134	2,515	70	0	0
France	315	25	225	10
Other	20,470	2,930	360	25
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^Footnote 135	571,575	391,395	20,315	2,120
In the labour force	383,300	266,985	12,350	1,440
Employed	358,310	249,580	11,805	1,325
Unemployed	24,990	17,415	545	115
Not in the labour force	188,280	124,405	7,965	675
Participation rate	67.1	68.2	60.8	67.9
Employment rate	62.7	63.8	58.1	62.5
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.5	4.4	8.0
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^Footnote 136	571,580	391,395	20,315	2,115
Did not work^Footnote 137	177,100	114,900	7,275	615
Worked	394,480	276,490	13,035	1,500
Worked full year, full time^Footnote 138	203,695	149,570	7,055	660
Worked part year and/or part time^Footnote 139	190,780	126,925	5,980	840
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.5	43.1	41.1
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 140	407,350	284,265	13,495	1,560
a.Management	37,000	28,690	1,270	65
00 Senior management occupations	3,835	3,240	140	0
01-05 Specialized middle management occupations	13,435	10,630	640	30
06 Middle management occupations in retail and wholesale trade and customer services	13,105	9,625	285	25
07-09 Middle management occupations in trades, transportation, production and utilities	6,625	5,195	205	0
b.Professional	75,160	55,345	3,215	345
11 Professional occupations in business and finance	13,190	9,785	545	30
21 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	13,245	9,025	420	45
30 Professional occupations in nursing	8,370	6,015	290	40
31 Professional occupations in health (except nursing)	6,960	5,055	195	40
40 Professional occupations in education services	17,235	12,695	1,090	105
41 Professional occupations in law and social, community and government services	11,505	9,220	395	50
51 Professional occupations in art and culture	4,655	3,555	280	30
c.Technical and paraprofessional	41,100	30,000	1,560	140
22 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	12,430	8,905	400	40
32 Technical occupations in health	7,370	4,785	250	20
42 Paraprofessional occupations in legal, social, community and education services	10,775	7,650	295	30
43 Occupations in front-line public protection services	2,960	2,465	235	20
52 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,565	6,190	380	35
d.Administration and administrative support	53,990	40,135	2,265	205
12 Administrative and financial supervisors and administrative occupations	19,755	15,120	980	80
13 Finance, insurance and related business administrative occupations	4,075	2,965	175	30
14 Office support occupations	21,630	15,600	885	85
15 Distribution, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations	8,535	6,450	235	15
e.Sales	39,040	28,490	840	175
62 Retail sales supervisors and specialized sales occupations	8,490	6,405	235	20
64 Sales representatives and salespersons - Wholesale and retail trade	18,160	13,955	415	115
66 Sales support occupations	12,395	8,125	195	35
f.Personal and customer information services	84,995	52,825	2,385	395
34 Assisting occupations in support of health services	11,230	5,500	305	30
44 Care providers and educational, legal and public protection support occupations	12,610	8,745	405	60
63 Service supervisors and specialized service occupations	13,735	8,310	305	40
65 Service representatives and other customer and personal services occupations	22,995	16,290	765	160
67 Service support and other service occupations, n.e.c.	24,430	13,975	610	110
g.Industrial, construction and equipment operation trades	27,975	20,060	940	130
72 Industrial, electrical and construction trades	17,955	12,960	615	70
73 Maintenance and equipment operation trades	10,020	7,100	325	65
h.Workers and labourers in transport and construction	25,475	17,130	655	75
74 Other installers, repairers and servicers and material handlers	5,980	4,475	70	15
75 Transport and heavy equipment operation and related maintenance occupations	14,500	8,870	455	30
76 Trades helpers, construction labourers and related occupations	4,995	3,785	130	30
i.Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,250	3,360	150	10
82 Supervisors and technical occupations in natural resources, agriculture and related production	710	605	25	0
84 Workers in natural resources, agriculture and related production	975	635	55	0
86 Harvesting, landscaping and natural resources labourers	2,555	2,115	75	10
j.Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,375	8,225	220	20
92 Processing, manufacturing and utilities supervisors and central control operators	2,245	1,490	45	0
94 Processing and manufacturing machine operators and related production workers	6,140	2,525	65	15
95 Assemblers in manufacturing	5,515	2,260	70	0
96 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	4,480	1,955	40	10
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 141	407,345	284,265	13,495	1,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,800	1,790	105	0
111 - 112 Farms^Footnote 142	2,465	1,545	95	0
113 Forestry and logging	60	40	10	0
114 Fishing, hunting and trapping	45	40	0	0
115 Support activities for agriculture and forestry	235	170	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	710	595	30	0
211 Oil and gas extraction	165	140	0	0
212 Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas)	255	225	10	0
213 Support activities for mining and oil and gas extraction	290	230	15	0
22 Utilities	3,890	3,190	115	10
221 Utilities	3,890	3,195	120	10
23 Construction	25,415	19,370	900	110
236 Construction of buildings	7,110	5,275	270	50
237 Heavy and civil engineering construction	3,000	2,260	130	15
238 Specialty trade contractors	15,300	11,830	495	45
31-33 Manufacturing	34,560	18,700	640	50
311 Food manufacturing	4,535	2,010	60	15
312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	505	405	20	0
313 Textile mills	70	25	0	0
314 Textile product mills	180	80	0	0
315 Clothing manufacturing	1,305	310	15	0
316 Leather and allied product manufacturing	155	50	10	0
321 Wood product manufacturing	690	440	10	0
322 Paper manufacturing	630	425	0	0
323 Printing and related support activities	2,320	1,590	55	10
324 Petroleum and coal product manufacturing	85	75	0	0
325 Chemical manufacturing	1,315	775	25	0
326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	2,590	1,470	45	0
327 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing	770	550	15	0
331 Primary metal manufacturing	1,175	665	15	0
332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing	2,505	1,465	40	0
333 Machinery manufacturing	3,435	1,750	60	0
334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing	685	365	10	0
335 Electrical equipment, appliance and component manufacturing	800	375	10	0
336 Transportation equipment manufacturing	6,015	3,580	140	10
337 Furniture and related product manufacturing	3,080	1,265	50	10
339 Miscellaneous manufacturing	1,705	1,025	60	10
41 Wholesale trade	14,265	10,650	370	25
411 Farm product merchant wholesalers	745	565	20	0
412 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers	110	95	0	0
413 Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers	2,390	1,635	50	0
414 Personal and household goods merchant wholesalers	1,775	1,120	45	0
415 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers	1,200	950	25	0
416 Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers	2,300	1,765	80	10
417 Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers	3,425	2,710	70	0
418 Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers	1,710	1,330	50	10
419 Business-to-business electronic markets, and agents and brokers	610	480	35	0
44-45 Retail trade	45,440	32,610	875	170
441 Motor vehicle and parts dealers	5,040	3,785	155	20
442 Furniture and home furnishings stores	2,080	1,635	25	10
443 Electronics and appliance stores	1,750	1,270	40	0
444 Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	3,210	2,495	85	10
445 Food and beverage stores	10,240	6,625	210	45
446 Health and personal care stores	4,280	2,955	70	20
447 Gasoline stations	1,695	1,165	35	10
448 Clothing and clothing accessories stores	5,140	3,735	60	15
451 Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores	2,330	2,055	55	10
452 General merchandise stores	5,870	3,935	70	15
453 Miscellaneous store retailers	2,665	2,080	45	0
454 Non-store retailers	1,140	885	30	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	22,715	15,025	725	95
481 Air transportation	1,950	1,530	100	15
482 Rail transportation	2,620	2,080	125	20
483 Water transportation	15	0	0	0
484 Truck transportation	7,675	4,660	170	25
485 Transit and ground passenger transportation	2,760	1,090	95	10
486 Pipeline transportation	40	25	0	0
487 Scenic and sightseeing transportation	0	0	0	0
488 Support activities for transportation	2,730	1,955	65	10
491 Postal service	1,605	1,195	90	10
492 Couriers and messengers	2,135	1,575	45	0
493 Warehousing and storage	1,180	900	25	10
51 Information and cultural industries	8,665	6,875	420	35
511 Publishing industries (except Internet)	1,300	1,005	40	10
512 Motion picture and sound recording industries	1,480	1,185	70	0
515 Broadcasting (except Internet)	810	635	95	10
517 Telecommunications	3,870	3,090	150	25
518 Data processing, hosting, and related services	150	120	0	0
519 Other information services	1,060	840	65	0
52 Finance and insurance	19,000	13,960	805	110
521 Monetary authorities - central bank	10	0	10	0
522 Credit intermediation and related activities	5,700	3,965	200	30
523 Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investment and related activities	2,815	2,240	115	10
524 Insurance carriers and related activities	10,360	7,670	475	80
526 Funds and other financial vehicles	125	80	10	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,105	4,475	180	20
531 Real estate	5,210	3,790	160	20
532 Rental and leasing services	880	675	15	0
533 Lessors of non-financial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	15	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,275	16,670	650	65
541 Professional, scientific and technical services	22,275	16,670	650	70
55 Management of companies and enterprises	560	435	20	0
551 Management of companies and enterprises	560	430	25	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,890	11,150	480	100
561 Administrative and support services	16,360	10,730	470	95
562 Waste management and remediation services	530	420	10	10
61 Educational services	34,850	25,675	2,055	165
611 Educational services	34,850	25,675	2,055	170
62 Health care and social assistance	59,495	38,830	1,845	245
621 Ambulatory health care services	15,385	10,555	455	60
622 Hospitals	19,530	13,145	590	65
623 Nursing and residential care facilities	11,345	6,055	410	45
624 Social assistance	13,240	9,075	395	85
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,800	7,820	375	70
711 Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries	3,115	2,595	170	20
712 Heritage institutions	830	670	75	15
713 Amusement, gambling and recreation industries	5,860	4,555	130	35
72 Accommodation and food services	31,830	20,095	545	100
721 Accommodation services	5,100	3,115	110	10
722 Food services and drinking places	26,730	16,975	435	90
81 Other services (except public administration)	18,165	12,680	570	70
811 Repair and maintenance	4,860	3,295	80	30
812 Personal and laundry services	5,815	3,910	175	15
813 Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations	6,380	4,785	270	20
814 Private households	1,110	690	40	0
91 Public administration	29,910	23,675	1,795	120
911 Federal government public administration	11,695	8,935	1,030	50
912 Provincial and territorial public administration	10,560	8,295	525	35
913 Local, municipal and regional public administration	7,370	6,240	235	35
914 Aboriginal public administration	255	190	0	0
919 International and other extra-territorial public administration	35	10	0	0
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^Footnote 143	358,310	249,575	11,805	1,325
Worked at home	14,815	11,160	650	105
Worked outside Canada	1,270	650	25	0
No fixed workplace address	34,920	24,885	1,095	165
Worked at usual place	307,310	212,885	10,040	1,055
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^Footnote 144	407,345	284,265	13,495	1,565
English	393,870	281,440	10,290	1,285
French	3,985	1,120	2,465	75
Non-official language	3,905	270	15	0
Aboriginal	70	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,830	265	15	0
English and French	1,670	470	715	195
English and non-official language	3,875	950	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	35	15	10	0
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% Sample Data^Footnote 145	407,350	284,265	13,495	1,560
None	381,060	277,055	8,005	1,230
English	4,515	1,085	1,655	60
French	8,560	4,030	3,735	265
Non-official language	12,930	1,980	50	10
Aboriginal	375	180	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	1,800	55	0
English and French	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	40	0	20	0
French and non-official language	230	110	15	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	307,305	212,880	10,040	1,060
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,445	199,930	9,430	1,015
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,640	1,340	35	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,020	10,720	545	30
Commute to a different province or territory	1,200	890	45	10
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 146	342,225	237,765	11,130	1,220
Car, truck, van - as a driver	239,575	171,025	7,745	755
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,185	15,000	635	95
Public transit	51,055	32,235	1,500	195
Walked	16,675	11,885	765	130
Bicycle	6,200	5,050	330	35
Other method	3,535	2,565	155	20
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 147	342,225	237,765	11,130	1,220
Less than 15 minutes	77,510	55,215	2,850	305
15 to 29 minutes	149,170	105,400	4,915	540
30 to 44 minutes	80,890	54,020	2,525	225
45 to 59 minutes	20,945	14,260	500	100
60 minutes and over	13,710	8,875	340	50
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^Footnote 148	342,225	237,765	11,130	1,220
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,680	9,615	390	50
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,410	40,585	1,890	165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,150	75,045	3,940	375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,275	51,025	2,545	305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,660	23,165	1,010	120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,055	38,330	1,360	205
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 149	682,370	480,190	22,500	2,900
Non-movers	582,075	416,555	20,020	2,390
Movers	100,300	63,635	2,480	505
Non-migrants	75,420	51,385	1,820	410
Migrants	24,880	12,250	660	100
Internal migrants	12,850	9,720	500	75
Intraprovincial migrants	6,690	5,515	135	40
Interprovincial migrants	6,155	4,205	355	40
External migrants	12,030	2,530	160	20
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^Footnote 150	650,970	454,915	21,900	2,685
Non-movers	380,260	283,535	14,455	1,415
Movers	270,710	171,375	7,445	1,265
Non-migrants	183,365	133,940	5,280	955
Migrants	87,345	37,435	2,165	310
Internal migrants	34,480	26,855	1,450	220
Intraprovincial migrants	18,185	15,130	555	75
Interprovincial migrants	16,285	11,730	890	150
External migrants	52,870	10,575	715	95

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Language groups are defined as follows: 'English' includes respondents who reported English only or English and one non-official language; 'French' includes respondents who reported French only or French and one non-official language; 'English and French' includes respondents who reported English and French, with or without one non-official language.

The 'Total - Mother tongue' category includes all groups mentioned in note 1 as well as respondents who reported a non-official language as their only mother tongue.

Footnote 2

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Footnote 3

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 4

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 5

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 6

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 7

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

- Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
- retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
- benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
- child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
- social assistance benefits;
- workers' compensation benefits;
- Working income tax benefit;
- Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
- other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 8

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

- statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
- statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
- statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

- employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
- income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
- income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
- other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
- income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

- one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
- capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
- employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
- voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 9

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 10

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.


For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 11

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Footnote 12

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 13

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median.

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 14

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 16

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often. For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 17

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 18

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 19

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 20

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Footnote 21

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

Footnote 22

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 23

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Footnote 24

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 25

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 26

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 27

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 28

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 29

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 30

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 31

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 32

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 33

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 34

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 35

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 36

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 37

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Footnote 38

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Footnote 39

Citizenship refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 40

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 41

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 42

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 43

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 44

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 45

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Footnote 46

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Footnote 47

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 48

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth.

In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to the name of the province, territory or country in which the person was born. It refers to a province or territory if the person was born in Canada. It refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 49

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 50

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 51

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 52

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 53

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 54

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 55

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 56

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 57

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 58

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 59

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 60

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 61

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 62

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 63

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 64

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 65

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 66

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 67

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 68

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 69

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 70

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 71

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 72

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 73

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 74

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 75

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Footnote 76

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 77

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 78

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 79

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Footnote 80

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 81

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 82

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 83

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 84

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Footnote 85

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Footnote 86

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Footnote 87

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Footnote 88

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Footnote 89

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Footnote 90

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Footnote 91

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 92

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Footnote 93

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Footnote 94

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Footnote 95

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Footnote 96

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 97

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Footnote 98

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 99

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Footnote 100

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 101

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Footnote 102

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 103

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Footnote 107

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 108

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Footnote 109

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 110

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Footnote 111

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 112

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Footnote 114

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Footnote 116

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Footnote 118

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 119

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 120

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Footnote 121

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 122

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 123

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Footnote 124

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 125

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Footnote 126

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Footnote 127

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Footnote 128

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Footnote 129

'Location of study' refers to either:

- the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;

- the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Footnote 130

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 131

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Footnote 132

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Footnote 133

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 134

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 135

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Footnote 136

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 137

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Footnote 138

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Footnote 139

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 140

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Footnote 141

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked.

Footnote 142

The code and title of this category are not found in the North American Classification System (NAICS) 2012; this category is needed due to the combination of NAICS sub-sectors performed during the coding process.

Footnote 143

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 144

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 145

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Footnote 146

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 147

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Footnote 148

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Footnote 149

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 150

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Data quality note(s) – Winnipeg, CY

• Incomplete enumeration flag
  Default. Not applicable.
• Long-form data quality flag
  Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 3.9%.
• Long-form income data quality flag
  Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016354.