Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Prince Edward Island [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Prince Edward Island [Province] Map : Prince Edward Island [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	142,907	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	140,204	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.9	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	71,119	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	59,472	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	25.1	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5,686.03	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	142,910	69,305	73,605	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	22,685	11,570	11,115	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	7,005	3,645	3,360	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	7,905	3,985	3,925	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	7,775	3,940	3,830	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	92,510	45,090	47,420	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	8,645	4,435	4,215	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	8,620	4,390	4,225	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	7,650	3,700	3,945	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	7,760	3,735	4,025	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	8,180	3,885	4,295	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	8,820	4,235	4,585	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	9,560	4,650	4,910	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	11,250	5,425	5,825	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	11,330	5,420	5,915	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	10,685	5,215	5,475	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	27,710	12,640	15,070	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	9,940	4,830	5,110	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	6,625	3,170	3,455	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	4,695	2,180	2,520	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	3,370	1,440	1,930	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	3,080	1,020	2,060	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	1,895	715	1,180	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	910	260	650	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	250	45	210	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	30	5	25	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.1	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	64.7	65.1	64.4	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	19.4	18.2	20.5	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.6	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	44.5	43.6	45.4	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	41,165	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	15,725	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,350	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	2,185	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,030	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,050	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,530	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	59,470	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	16,295	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	22,905	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	9,010	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	7,370	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	3,895	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	139,685	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	120,220	57,735	62,490	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	71,650	35,815	35,835	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	60,895	30,465	30,430	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	10,760	5,355	5,405	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	48,570	21,920	26,655	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	30,750	16,290	14,460	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	3,500	1,470	2,025	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	6,620	2,665	3,955	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	7,700	1,495	6,210	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	41,705	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	23,045	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	8,565	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	6,910	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	41,705	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	35,160	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	29,785	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	5,375	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,545	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	5,155	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	1,390	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	35,160	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	18,975	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	16,180	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	6,755	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	6,370	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	3,055	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	4,070	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	1,810	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	665	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,270	10,455	12,810	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	40,225	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	18,405	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	21,825	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	730	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	18,515	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	16,295	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,225	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	141,015	68,540	72,480	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	121,815	60,290	61,525	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	115	55	65	535	255	280
English and French	17,840	7,540	10,295	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	1,250	650	600	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	141,015	68,535	72,485	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	135,015	65,690	69,320	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	4,550	2,105	2,445	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	235	105	130	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	1,225	630	590	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	4,665	2,160	2,510	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.3	3.2	3.5	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	141,020	68,535	72,480	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	140,020	68,085	71,935	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	132,870	64,475	68,390	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	128,005	62,235	65,765	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	4,865	2,245	2,620	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	7,155	3,605	3,550	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	50	25	20	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	0	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	5	5	0	30	15	10
Plains Cree	5	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	40	20	15	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	935	445	490
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,110	3,580	3,525	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	655	365	295	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	50	25	25	1,050	505	545
Bilen	0	0	0	55	25	30
Oromo	0	0	0	195	100	90
Somali	50	25	20	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Semitic languages	610	340	270	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	5	5	5	290	140	155
Arabic	575	315	260	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	75
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	75	45	30
Maltese	0	5	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	65	55	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	135	70	70
Vietnamese	120	65	55	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	395	155	240	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40
Cebuano	15	5	10	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	255	120	140
Ilocano	5	0	5	790	370	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	5	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	175	80	95
Pangasinan	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	140	220	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	265	125	140
Creole languages	15	5	10	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	110	60	50	1,560	865	700
Kannada	15	5	5	60	35	30
Malayalam	55	30	25	850	455	395
Tamil	20	5	10	350	200	150
Telugu	20	10	10	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,575	1,320	1,260	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	95	55	45	380	190	190
Armenian	5	0	0	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	385	190	195	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	5	5	0	175	85	90
Latvian	5	5	0	100	45	50
Lithuanian	0	0	5	75	40	35
Slavic languages	380	190	195	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	15	10	225	110	120
Bulgarian	10	5	5	65	35	30
Croatian	25	15	10	455	240	220
Czech	15	10	10	235	115	125
Macedonian	0	0	0	55	30	30
Polish	70	30	40	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	140	70	70	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	20	10	10	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	120	60	65
Slovak	5	0	0	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	80	40	45
Ukrainian	45	20	30	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	290	145	145
Celtic languages	20	10	5	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	10	5	5
Welsh	10	5	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	25	10	5
Germanic languages	900	460	435	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	20	15	10	880	450	430
Danish	20	15	5	255	145	110
Dutch	465	240	220	1,385	685	700
Frisian	35	20	15	30	20	10
German	320	155	165	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	0	5	0	55	20	25
Norwegian	5	0	0	310	140	165
Swedish	10	0	0	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	60	25	35
Yiddish	0	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	10	5	10	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	685	340	345	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	500	240	260	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	40	25	15	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	5	5	5	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	50	25	20	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	35	15	10
Marathi	0	0	0	140	80	55
Nepali	205	80	120	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	55	50	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	0	0	0	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	270	130	135
Urdu	50	25	30	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	180	90	85	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	0	0	0	145	80	65
Pashto	0	0	0	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	180	90	85	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	475	250	230	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	65	40	25	705	365	340
Portuguese	80	40	40	615	265	350
Romanian	25	15	10	850	425	430
Spanish	305	150	150	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	95	25	75	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Korean	120	50	65	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	190	115	75
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	5
Ga	0	0	0	20	15	5
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	5	5	0	215	125	90
Lingala	0	0	0	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	5	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	115	55	60
Shona	0	0	0	90	55	40
Swahili	20	10	10	425	220	205
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	25	10	10	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	335	195	140
Dinka	0	0	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220	120	100
Sign languages	15	10	10	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,790	1,420	1,365	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	2,740	1,400	1,340	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	210	95	110	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Mandarin	2,165	1,170	995	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	25	25	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	295	100	190	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	1,040	530	505
Burmese	20	10	10	180	115	65
Karenic languages	20	15	10	810	395	415
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	525	235	290
Lao	0	0	0	345	175	170
Thai	20	0	15	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Turkish	20	10	10	290	155	130
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	5	0	0	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages	90	50	40	1,555	735	820
Estonian	5	5	0	20	10	10
Finnish	20	10	10	205	85	120
Hungarian	65	35	25	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	100	55	45
Multiple responses	995	450	540	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	485	210	275	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	460	220	240	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	30	15	15	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	20	10	10	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	141,015	68,535	72,485	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	139,500	67,810	71,690	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	134,930	65,480	69,445	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	132,670	64,445	68,225	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	2,260	1,035	1,225	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	4,575	2,325	2,245	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	10	5	0	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,565	2,325	2,245	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	235	205	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	720	335	380
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	30	15	15	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	410	215	190	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	0	0	0	150	75	70
Arabic	395	210	185	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	55	40	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	40	20	25
Vietnamese	95	55	45	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	100	135	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	5	0	0	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ilocano	0	5	0	240	115	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	230	100	130	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Creole languages	0	5	0	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	65	35	25	845	440	410
Kannada	10	5	5	20	10	10
Malayalam	40	25	15	525	265	260
Tamil	0	5	0	155	90	65
Telugu	5	0	0	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	560	555	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	45	30	20	205	100	100
Armenian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	175	85	90	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	40	15	25
Slavic languages	180	85	90	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	85	45	40
Bulgarian	5	5	0	35	20	15
Croatian	5	5	5	170	85	85
Czech	5	0	0	30	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Polish	20	5	10	480	220	255
Russian	85	40	45	1,725	875	840
Serbian	10	5	5	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	45	20	25
Slovak	0	0	0	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	5	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	200	100	100	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	5	5	5	530	275	250
Danish	5	0	5	10	5	0
Dutch	75	40	40	200	110	95
Frisian	10	5	5	5	0	0
German	100	50	50	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	5	0	5	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	460	225	240	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	320	150	170	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	25	10	10	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	5	5	0	1,585	865	720
Hindi	10	5	5	880	490	390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	55	30	30
Nepali	170	70	100	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	0	0	0	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	140	70	70
Urdu	20	10	10	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	135	70	65	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	0	0	0	65	40	30
Pashto	0	0	0	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	135	70	65	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	215	120	95	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	5	155	80	75
Portuguese	25	10	10	220	100	115
Romanian	15	5	5	315	165	150
Spanish	165	95	70	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Japanese	45	15	25	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	80	35	40	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Lingala	0	0	0	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Shona	0	0	0	35	25	15
Swahili	5	0	5	200	90	110
Wolof	0	0	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sign languages	15	10	5	285	175	105
American Sign Language	5	5	0	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,395	1,240	1,160	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	2,370	1,225	1,145	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	115	50	65	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,925	1,070	855	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	270	85	190	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	20	775	380	395
Burmese	15	5	10	115	65	55
Karenic languages	10	5	5	640	310	335
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	190	85	105
Lao	0	0	0	125	60	60
Thai	10	0	10	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	15	5	5	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	40	20	25	240	125	120
Estonian	0	5	5	10	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	35	20	20	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	25	20
Multiple responses	1,520	725	790	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	350	140	205	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	1,150	575	575	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	5	0	0	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	15	5	10	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	141,015	68,540	72,480	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	133,895	65,280	68,610	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	2,550	1,215	1,335	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	2,850	1,205	1,650	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	1,635	795	840	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	25	10	15	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	1,605	785	825	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	15	0	10	170	85	85
English and non-official language	30	15	15	860	440	420
French and non-official language	40	15	25	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	117,055	56,365	60,690	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,480	54,635	58,845	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,744	36,021	28,065	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	113,500	54,635	58,860	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,298	31,453	25,484	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	102,410	50,325	52,080	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,979	31,133	23,501	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	87,220	38,945	48,280	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,232	8,959	7,645	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	86,035	43,395	42,640	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	26,851	29,875	24,280	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	117,055	56,365	60,690	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,455	54,690	58,775	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,899	43,979	34,171	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	113,470	54,685	58,785	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,504	36,004	29,249	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	102,480	50,470	52,015	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,474	40,517	30,579	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	87,040	38,985	48,055	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,236	8,696	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	43,380	42,655	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,919	39,152	30,613	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	117,050	56,360	60,690	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	38,235	19,905	18,330	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	45,183	48,030	42,618	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	51,473	55,726	46,855	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	82.5	85.1	79.4	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.1	70.4	65.2	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	17.5	14.9	20.6	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	117,055	56,365	60,690	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	3,570	1,725	1,845	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	113,485	54,635	58,845	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	97.0	96.9	97.0	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,190	6,250	7,940	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	20,695	8,245	12,450	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	18,775	7,895	10,880	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	16,825	8,085	8,745	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	13,650	7,035	6,610	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	9,365	5,095	4,270	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	6,135	3,490	2,645	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	2,515	2,065	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,625	1,375	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,725	1,085	645	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	4,525	3,320	1,205	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	3,220	2,310	910	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	1,305	1,010	295	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	117,050	56,365	60,690	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	3,555	1,725	1,830	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	113,500	54,635	58,860	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	97.0	96.9	97.0	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,850	6,410	8,435	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	22,520	9,115	13,405	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	23,185	10,240	12,940	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	19,990	10,010	9,985	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	13,485	7,175	6,305	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	4,550	3,510	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	4,980	2,625	2,355	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	2,435	1,570	865	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	3,995	2,945	1,040	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	960	395	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	825	595	230	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	1,815	1,395	415	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	117,055	56,365	60,690	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	31,015	12,970	18,050	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	86,035	43,395	42,640	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	73.5	77.0	70.3	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,240	5,470	5,775	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	8,730	3,810	4,920	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	15,030	7,035	7,995	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	11,410	5,440	5,970	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	10,230	4,910	5,325	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	8,635	4,475	4,155	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	6,355	3,565	2,790	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	2,325	1,855	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	3,420	1,785	1,630	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	6,795	4,580	2,225	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	1,205	1,030	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	1,240	805	435	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	3,320	2,565	760	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	59,475	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	61,163	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,434	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,290	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,861	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,785	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	43,180	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,250	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,840	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	59,475	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	74,210	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,017	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,240	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,396	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,789	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	43,230	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,043	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,375	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	59,475	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	790	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	795	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,455	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,215	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,770	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,900	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,230	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,950	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,910	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,905	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,185	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,845	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,365	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,250	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,135	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,765	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,515	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,130	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,725	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	59,475	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	845	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	805	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,510	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,445	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,330	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,435	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,680	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,690	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,505	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,280	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,215	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,545	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,940	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,145	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,075	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	41,480	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,607	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,071	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	18,085	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,078	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,702	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	16,390	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,568	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	84,712	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,073	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,468	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	41,545	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,477	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,626	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	18,100	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,333	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,980	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	16,350	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,348	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,328	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,145	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,502	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,639	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	21,050	9,545	11,505	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,886	29,448	26,731	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,260	26,181	24,551	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	20,935	9,590	11,340	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,224	36,569	34,087	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,060	30,819	29,418	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	139,685	67,895	71,790	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	82,130	38,970	43,160	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	14,010	6,555	7,455	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	18,400	8,230	10,170	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	16,875	8,095	8,780	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	16,630	8,135	8,495	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	16,215	7,960	8,255	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	57,555	28,925	28,630	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	15,765	7,885	7,880	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	14,160	7,130	7,035	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	11,940	5,970	5,970	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	9,550	4,840	4,715	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	6,140	3,100	3,035	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	139,090	67,610	71,480	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	27,505	14,040	13,465	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	8,435	4,385	4,055	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	85,800	41,555	44,240	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	25,780	12,010	13,775	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,460	10,585	12,870	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	5,980	3,015	2,965	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	2,030	1,025	1,000	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	12,380	5,625	6,755	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	5,100	1,945	3,155	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.9	15.7	18.0	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	21.7	21.5	22.0	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	24.1	23.4	24.7	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.5	15.3	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	19.8	16.2	22.9	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,730	4,215	4,515	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	2,045	1,045	1,000	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	670	335	340	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	6,210	2,995	3,220	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	480	180	300	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.3	6.2	6.3	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	7.6	8.4	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.2	7.3	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	139,685	67,895	71,785	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	138,860	67,475	71,380	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	138,735	67,430	71,305	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	17,875	7,360	10,515	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	8,685	4,305	4,375	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	80	40	40	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	470	185	285
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	70	30	40	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	70	30	40	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	10	10	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	8,605	4,270	4,340	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	430	315	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	0	0	0	40	35	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	15	0	10	1,305	620	690
Bilen	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	160	70	90
Somali	15	10	10	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	735	425	310	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	0	0	0	545	255	290
Arabic	650	375	275	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	80	45	40	470	245	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	30	25	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	210	105	105
Vietnamese	55	30	20	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	660	280	375	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	0	0	0	90	30	55
Cebuano	30	10	25	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	285	130	150
Ilocano	0	0	0	785	365	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	40	15	25	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	15	265	130	135
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	615	255	355	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	145	155
Creole languages	55	35	25	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	10	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	170	105	70	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	40	20	20	115	65	55
Malayalam	105	60	40	1,170	625	540
Tamil	40	25	15	635	345	290
Telugu	10	10	0	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,970	1,940	2,035	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	90	60	35	560	275	285
Armenian	0	0	0	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	490	215	270	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	10	0	0	225	120	110
Latvian	10	10	0	135	60	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	60	35
Slavic languages	485	210	275	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Bosnian	20	15	10	325	155	165
Bulgarian	10	0	0	75	40	35
Croatian	40	10	30	605	355	250
Czech	35	20	15	300	155	150
Macedonian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Polish	80	25	55	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	255	125	135	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	40	20	20	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	80	30	50
Slovak	0	0	0	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	10	105	50	50
Ukrainian	25	10	10	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	205	140
Celtic languages	85	50	35	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	30	55	35	25
Welsh	30	20	0	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	70	45	20
Germanic languages	1,225	575	655	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	25	15	10	1,455	750	705
Danish	60	25	35	320	195	125
Dutch	550	260	285	1,510	720	790
Frisian	55	30	15	25	15	15
German	570	250	325	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Norwegian	25	10	15	415	180	235
Swedish	15	0	15	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	10	80	25	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	135	125
Greek	40	10	30	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	900	470	430	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	635	320	315	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	25	15	10	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	165	95	60	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	20
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	15
Marathi	0	0	0	185	120	70
Nepali	250	100	150	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	95	85	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	0	0	0	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	355	205	150
Urdu	75	40	35	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	265	145	115	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	0	0	0	145	90	60
Pashto	0	0	0	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	265	150	115	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	1,290	610	680	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Italian	190	100	90	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	175	105	70	885	380	505
Romanian	25	0	15	1,105	525	575
Spanish	945	420	530	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	40	30	10
Japanese	125	60	65	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	185	85	100	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	200	90	105	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	355	185	170
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	20	0	20
Ewe	0	0	0	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	60	45	15
Ga	0	0	0	45	25	15
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	40	15	25	625	325	300
Lingala	10	0	0	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	125	65	55
Shona	0	0	0	150	90	55
Swahili	20	10	15	950	570	380
Wolof	0	0	0	40	25	15
Yoruba	75	40	40	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	105
Sign languages	95	45	50	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	25	0	20	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,460	1,260	1,205	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	2,445	1,245	1,200	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	300	115	185	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	20
Mandarin	2,105	1,110	990	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	10	30	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	40	65	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	75	35	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	960	495	460
Burmese	10	10	10	315	185	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	635	310	325
Tibetan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	635	245	385
Lao	0	0	0	410	170	240
Thai	20	10	10	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	25	30	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	25	20	10
Turkish	55	30	30	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages	105	50	55	1,765	850	915
Estonian	0	10	0	20	15	10
Finnish	20	10	15	360	170	190
Hungarian	80	35	40	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	139,685	67,900	71,785	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	133,655	64,805	68,845	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,415	13,440	12,975	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	107,235	51,365	55,875	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	6,035	3,090	2,940	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	139,685	67,895	71,790	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	129,405	62,795	66,610	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	8,940	4,375	4,565	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	2,460	1,185	1,275	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	565	240	325	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	670	330	340	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	1,890	950	935	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	560	295	260	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	1,335	650	680	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,360	1,670	1,690	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	1,340	725	615	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	8,940	4,375	4,565	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	1,065	515	550	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	1,895	960	935	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	1,410	690	720	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	3,660	1,710	1,950	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	910	505	405	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	8,940	4,375	4,565	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	1,545	700	850	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	20	15	0	185	65	120
Colombia	60	20	35	555	275	280
El Salvador	10	0	0	630	290	340
Guyana	0	0	0	155	75	85
Haiti	25	10	10	65	45	20
Jamaica	30	20	10	815	425	395
Mexico	20	0	15	1,330	665	665
Peru	15	10	0	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,205	550	660	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	150	60	85	1,805	955	845
Europe	3,015	1,560	1,455	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	455	215	245
Croatia	20	0	15	445	280	165
France	55	40	15	215	90	125
Germany	260	100	155	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	15	10	0	605	325	280
Hungary	65	30	30	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	50	35	10	845	490	355
Italy	60	35	30	570	305	265
Netherlands	470	220	250	1,220	585	635
Poland	55	20	35	1,395	690	705
Portugal	70	35	30	220	105	120
Romania	15	0	0	695	335	360
Russian Federation	80	35	45	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	20	15	585	305	280
Ukraine	45	25	15	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,370	755	615	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	335	180	155	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	340	170	170	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	0	0	0	50	35	15
Egypt	70	45	30	435	230	205
Ethiopia	0	10	0	635	285	355
Kenya	10	0	0	425	225	200
Morocco	10	10	0	180	95	80
Nigeria	70	25	40	1,695	845	855
Somalia	10	0	10	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	65	25	40	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	110	60	45	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	4,005	1,935	2,075	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	0	0	0	515	230	285
Bangladesh	10	0	10	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,835	895	940	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	100	50	50	765	370	400
India	225	105	115	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	230	130	95	785	465	325
Iraq	20	10	10	1,175	625	550
Japan	45	25	20	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	105	35	65	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	95	65	30	255	160	90
Pakistan	50	30	20	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	475	200	285	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	40	25	15	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	205	100	105	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	80	40	40	180	80	100
Viet Nam	55	35	20	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	435	175	255	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	10	15	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,355	1,670	1,690	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	190	95	100	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	10	15	0	45	10	35
Colombia	0	0	0	115	55	65
Cuba	10	0	10	35	20	15
Haiti	20	10	10	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	405	230	180
Mexico	0	0	0	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	55	70	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	490	220	270
Europe	390	200	180	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	10	10	0	50	15	45
Germany	35	10	25	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	15	20	0	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	100	50	50
Romania	0	0	0	95	35	60
Russian Federation	40	20	20	220	85	135
Ukraine	20	10	10	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	110	65	45	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	155	70	85	1,505	755	750
Africa	130	65	65	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	0	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	15	15	0
Egypt	35	25	10	160	75	85
Eritrea	0	0	0	305	145	160
Ethiopia	0	0	0	190	110	85
Morocco	10	10	0	90	40	45
Nigeria	20	10	10	1,035	525	520
Somalia	0	0	0	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0	550	285	265
Tunisia	0	0	0	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	15	1,360	725	635
Asia	2,650	1,305	1,345	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	0	0	0	125	45	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,395	710	685	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	40	25	20	75	35	40
India	125	60	65	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	95	50	45	330	180	150
Iraq	20	10	0	405	200	205
Israel	15	15	0	95	55	35
Japan	10	10	0	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	10	475	195	280
Lebanon	15	10	10	80	50	30
Nepal	75	40	40	235	145	90
Pakistan	20	10	10	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	380	165	215	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	185	95	95	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	25	15	10	60	30	30
Turkey	15	0	10	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	10	10	10	85	55	30
Viet Nam	40	20	20	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	125	40	90	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	150	90	60
Australia	0	0	0	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	139,690	67,895	71,790	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,800	5,380	5,420	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	9,010	4,190	4,825	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	119,875	58,325	61,545	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	6,565	3,230	3,335	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	4,750	2,455	2,295	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,835	1,220	615	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	2,915	1,240	1,680	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,040	435	610	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	720	315	405	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	30	20	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	139,685	67,895	71,790	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,735	1,305	1,435	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,655	1,265	1,395	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,870	905	970	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	710	330	380	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	45	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	20	15	10	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	60	30	35	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	136,945	66,595	70,355	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	139,690	67,900	71,790	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	1,190	580	615	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,490	67,315	71,170	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	139,690	67,895	71,790	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	925	465	460	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	910	465	445	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	840	415	420	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	45	40	10	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	10	0	10	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	10	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,040	1,860	2,180	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,965	1,830	2,140	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,140	1,450	1,690	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	340	395	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	95	45	50	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	70	30	40	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	20	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	134,725	65,575	69,155	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	139,685	67,900	71,790	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	6,640	3,325	3,320	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	920	470	450	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	2,570	1,265	1,305	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	825	425	400	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	670	310	360	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	255	140	115	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	585	340	250	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	145	55	90	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	215	115	95	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	210	95	120	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	110	50	60	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	55	15	35	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	85	40	50	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	133,045	64,575	68,470	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	139,685	67,895	71,790	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	4,960	2,325	2,640	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,060	1,895	2,165	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	165	70	95	650	305	345
Métis	830	390	435	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	62,075	29,940	32,130	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	3,485	1,730	1,755	485	270	215
American	1,020	515	500	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	59,270	28,485	30,785	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	65	35	25	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	25	10	20
Ontarian	10	0	0	20	20	10
Québécois	0	0	10	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	15	10	10	85	35	55
European origins	98,615	47,695	50,920	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	85,140	41,095	44,045	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	15	10	10	35	15	20
English	40,310	19,035	21,275	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	38,510	17,905	20,605	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	10	10	0	250	120	130
Scottish	50,685	24,075	26,615	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	2,415	1,055	1,360	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,725	795	930	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	25,950	12,300	13,650	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	10	0	10	10	10	10
Breton	10	0	0	25	10	15
Corsican	0	0	0	15	0	15
French	25,935	12,290	13,650	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	11,625	5,550	6,075	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	205	95	110	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	0	0	0	50	45	0
Belgian	440	250	190	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	4,355	2,130	2,230	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	15	15	0	805	415	395
Frisian	25	15	0	70	35	35
German	7,060	3,280	3,785	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	0	0	0	500	275	225
Swiss	210	115	90	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,915	980	935	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	675	325	345	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	210	75	135	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	90	70	20	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	415	215	200	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	460	220	240	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	170	115	55	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	3,030	1,360	1,670	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	45	20	25	355	190	160
Byelorussian	10	0	10	290	150	140
Czech	95	40	55	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	75	30	45	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	50	20	25	265	150	115
Hungarian	310	130	175	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	55	20	35	535	265	265
Lithuanian	90	35	60	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	0	0	0	345	145	200
Polish	1,155	540	620	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	130	55	70	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	500	200	300	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	55	20	35	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	930	420	505	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	45	30	15	255	115	135
Southern European origins	2,650	1,260	1,390	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	100	60	40	605	310	290
Bosnian	25	10	20	515	260	260
Catalan	10	10	0	15	10	10
Croatian	185	75	110	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	35	10
Greek	175	75	100	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	1,200	570	625	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	20	15	0	30	25	10
Macedonian	10	0	10	110	45	65
Maltese	40	15	25	125	65	60
Montenegrin	0	0	0	85	40	40
Portuguese	325	145	180	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	85	45	45	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	25	20	10	100	75	25
Slovenian	30	15	10	640	275	365
Spanish	515	245	265	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	15	10	0	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	15	35	0	30
Other European origins	430	205	225	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	10	10	0	50	40	10
Jewish	215	105	110	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	205	100	110	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	325	145	180	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	30	20	0	15	10	0
Barbadian	10	0	10	110	45	60
Bermudan	15	0	10	20	20	0
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	0	0	0	185	125	55
Dominican	20	0	15	115	75	45
Grenadian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	35	15	15	110	75	40
Jamaican	155	65	95	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	15	0	15	55	15	40
St. Lucian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	25	15	10	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	10	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	420	215	205	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	10	160	60	95
Belizean	15	10	10	55	35	15
Bolivian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Brazilian	50	35	15	305	150	155
Chilean	25	20	10	860	450	415
Colombian	80	35	45	705	335	370
Costa Rican	10	0	0	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	105	70	30
Guatemalan	45	25	20	270	135	140
Guyanese	15	10	0	185	110	75
Hispanic	10	0	10	125	75	50
Honduran	0	0	0	95	45	50
Maya	40	20	20	140	75	65
Mexican	100	40	55	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	140	50	90
Panamanian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	40	30	10
Peruvian	25	10	10	295	120	175
Salvadorean	0	10	0	765	350	415
Uruguayan	0	0	0	65	20	40
Venezuelan	0	0	0	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	0	0	0	320	165	160
African origins	980	480	495	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	180	85	90	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	0	0	0	115	80	40
Angolan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	20	15	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	205	90	110
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	10	10	0	530	290	240
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ghanaian	20	0	10	555	320	235
Guinean	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ibo	0	0	10	485	275	215
Ivorian	0	0	0	75	35	45
Liberian	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	130	60	70	1,715	875	835
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	40	25	10
Togolese	0	0	0	55	35	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	20	10	10	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	10	235	115	125
North African origins	205	105	100	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	0	0	0	70	50	15
Berber	0	0	0	55	45	15
Coptic	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	120	65	55	535	290	245
Libyan	35	15	20	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	35	25	15	220	110	115
Sudanese	0	0	0	935	515	420
Tunisian	0	0	0	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	115	55	55	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	0	0	0	60	35	30
Amhara	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	45	30	10
Burundian	0	0	0	300	155	145
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	10	10	0	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10	190	95	95
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	205	90	110
Oromo	0	0	0	140	65	75
Rwandan	0	0	0	80	20	60
Seychellois	10	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	20	10	10	1,275	635	635
South African	40	20	25	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ugandan	20	10	10	90	40	50
Zambian	0	0	0	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	260	170	90
Zulu	0	0	0	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	535	300	240
Other African origins	515	240	270	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	20	15	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	480	225	255	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	6,485	3,270	3,215	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,625	920	705	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	10	0	10	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	155	100	50	1,175	645	530
Armenian	35	15	15	240	130	115
Assyrian	0	0	0	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	50	25	25
Georgian	15	10	0	35	20	10
Hazara	0	0	0	25	10	20
Iranian	295	160	130	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	15	10	10	1,290	690	605
Israeli	55	45	10	120	75	50
Jordanian	0	0	0	75	40	30
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kurd	0	0	0	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lebanese	715	410	300	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	65	35	30	120	60	55
Pashtun	0	0	0	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	110	80	30
Syrian	245	115	135	1,365	740	625
Tajik	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tatar	10	0	10	60	25	35
Turk	35	25	15	860	450	405
Turkmen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	15	50
Yemeni	0	0	0	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	15	15	265	130	130
South Asian origins	975	490	485	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	10	10	0	600	350	250
Bhutanese	135	50	85	210	110	100
East Indian	615	330	285	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	195	105	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	75	40
Nepali	185	75	110	565	320	245
Pakistani	75	45	30	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	15	10	0	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	10	0	0	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	45	20	25	515	290	225
Tamil	0	0	0	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,920	1,870	2,045	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	10	10	0	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	305	165	145
Chinese	2,735	1,340	1,400	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	725	330	395	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	220	115	105
Japanese	110	50	60	1,220	530	690
Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290
Korean	220	100	120	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	0	0	0	705	335	380
Malaysian	35	15	20	160	75	80
Mongolian	20	0	15	205	105	100
Singaporean	0	0	10	10	0	10
Taiwanese	20	10	15	265	115	155
Thai	40	20	20	420	170	250
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	35	25
Vietnamese	85	45	40	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	15	10	10	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	10	735	345	385
Oceania origins	90	35	55	1,430	760	665
Australian	50	20	30	890	505	385
New Zealander	30	15	20	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	10	310	140	170
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maori	0	0	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	41,780	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	17,575	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	115	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	58,175	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	59,470	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	5,245	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,700	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,550	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,845	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,800	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	10,105	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	9,255	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	8,590	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,730	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	59,475	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	59,165	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	310	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	58,035	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	1,435	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	59,470	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	14,895	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,265	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,080	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,580	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,160	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,555	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	3,930	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	59,470	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	54,925	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,545	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	59,475	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	34,035	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	24,590	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	845	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	59,470	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,855	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,100	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,010	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,755	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,710	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,200	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,160	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	1,675	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	58,240	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	47,395	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,850	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,590	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	40,830	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	56.8	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	805	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	932	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,651	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	197,966	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,540	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.8	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.3	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	793	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	818	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	117,055	56,360	60,690	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,425	12,550	9,875	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	31,815	16,050	15,765	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,815	27,760	35,055	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,480	6,690	2,790	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,235	3,280	1,955	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	4,245	3,410	835	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	27,860	10,700	17,160	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,070	1,055	2,010	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,410	9,320	13,090	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	15,435	6,335	9,100	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	535	750	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	340	275	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	4,370	1,710	2,665	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	705	400	300	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	74,315	35,620	38,695	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,950	5,545	3,405	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	18,670	9,735	8,935	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,695	20,340	26,360	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255	4,445	1,810	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,525	2,210	1,315	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,735	2,235	495	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	20,975	8,235	12,740	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	720	1,135	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,605	6,930	10,675	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	12,070	4,760	7,310	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	950	375	575	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	255	260	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	3,530	1,260	2,275	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	545	285	260	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	117,050	56,360	60,690	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	54,240	28,605	25,635	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	5,075	1,270	3,805	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	670	705	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	140	60	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	1,175	530	645	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	2,910	1,240	1,665	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	110	20	90	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	725	215	505	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	720	210	510	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	15	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	135	70	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	220	155	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	625	395	230	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	140	40	95	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,240	1,535	3,700	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	135	270	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,215	90	1,130	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	895	260	635	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	95	20	75	465	155	310
42. Psychology	1,240	315	930	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	1,325	700	625	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	15,445	4,425	11,020	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	10	40	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,350	240	1,110	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,050	4,180	9,870	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,450	1,070	1,380	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,185	445	735	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	690	275	415	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	0	40	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	450	320	130	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	20	60	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,010	1,250	760	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,700	1,110	595	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	105	25	80	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	95	80	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,875	11,145	735	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	290	185	105	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	1,170	1,005	170	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,045	1,795	250	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,960	3,900	65	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,890	2,800	85	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	1,510	1,460	50	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,705	1,180	525	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,210	850	360	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	335	165	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	10,435	1,620	8,820	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	690	370	320	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	9,615	1,165	8,445	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	140	85	50	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,290	2,355	1,935	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	2,375	605	1,770	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	20	0	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	685	595	90	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,160	1,085	70	5,880	5,450	430
Other	0	0	10	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	74,315	35,620	38,695	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	27,615	15,280	12,335	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	3,400	800	2,595	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	3,395	800	2,595	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	510	520	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	910	425	490	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	2,045	820	1,225	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	10	80	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	560	165	395	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	460	140	320	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	100	50	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	140	130	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	390	230	160	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	110	30	80	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,260	1,190	3,075	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	20	30	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	105	235	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	75	915	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	765	185	585	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	70	10	60	370	120	250
42. Psychology	970	240	725	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	1,075	550	525	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	11,760	3,395	8,360	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	10	35	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,140	190	955	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,575	3,200	7,380	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,795	740	1,055	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	950	340	605	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	175	275	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	35	0	35	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	315	205	105	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,725	1,075	655	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,515	975	535	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	65	15	50	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	130	60	65	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	20	15	0	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	8,580	7,965	615	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	230	135	90	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	875	730	140	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,655	1,425	230	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,690	2,645	45	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,070	1,995	80	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	1,060	1,035	30	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	850	435	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	885	585	300	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	405	270	130	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	7,525	1,225	6,300	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	465	240	230	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	6,950	915	6,035	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	115	70	45	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	1,765	1,520	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	1,845	470	1,380	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	555	470	80	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	795	65	4,935	4,590	340
Other	0	0	0	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	117,050	56,360	60,690	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	54,240	28,600	25,635	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	62,815	27,760	35,050	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	57,805	25,305	32,500	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	38,620	16,610	22,020	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	19,180	8,700	10,480	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,010	2,455	2,555	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,310	660	650	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	380	140	235	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	165	75	90	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	685	390	295	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	935	425	510	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	45	25	25	220	125	95
Other	1,495	735	760	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	74,315	35,620	38,695	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,615	15,280	12,335	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	46,700	20,340	26,360	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	42,710	18,455	24,255	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	28,705	12,445	16,265	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	14,000	6,010	7,990	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,990	1,885	2,100	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	845	390	455	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	365	145	225	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	140	65	75	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	445	260	185	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	890	410	485	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	40	20	20	200	115	85
Other	1,260	600	660	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	117,055	56,360	60,690	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	77,680	39,515	38,165	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	68,115	34,200	33,915	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	9,560	5,320	4,245	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	39,375	16,850	22,530	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	66.4	70.1	62.9	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	58.2	60.7	55.9	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	12.3	13.5	11.1	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	117,050	56,365	60,690	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	33,700	14,130	19,570	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	83,350	42,235	41,120	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	39,085	20,435	18,650	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	44,270	21,800	22,470	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	39.4	39.9	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	77,680	39,515	38,165	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	76,645	39,045	37,605	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	68,230	33,430	34,800	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	8,420	5,615	2,805	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	77,680	39,510	38,165	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,035	470	560	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,045	37,605	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	7,915	4,720	3,195	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,690	2,815	7,875	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,945	2,945	1,000	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	5,755	965	4,790	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,540	2,615	5,920	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,540	625	915	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	17,735	6,860	10,870	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,055	10,395	660	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,010	4,925	1,080	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,465	2,170	1,290	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	77,680	39,515	38,165	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,030	470	560	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	76,650	39,040	37,605	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	7,145	5,745	1,405	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	400	390	0	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	280	240	45	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	5,445	4,910	535	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	6,230	4,275	1,955	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	1,610	1,220	390	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	8,950	3,910	5,040	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,425	1,920	500	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	900	505	395	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	1,940	735	1,205	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	930	565	360	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,690	1,940	1,755	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	30	30	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,660	1,510	1,155	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	5,405	1,650	3,755	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	9,090	1,475	7,615	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,680	820	860	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	5,940	2,030	3,910	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,135	1,460	1,675	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	8,745	3,725	5,015	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	68,120	34,195	33,915	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	4,740	2,690	2,050	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	315	200	115	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	7,930	6,190	1,740	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	55,135	25,120	30,015	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	55,135	25,115	30,020	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,835	9,490	11,345	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	27,935	12,410	15,525	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,090	2,420	2,670	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	1,275	795	475	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	63,065	31,305	31,755	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,200	26,790	26,410	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,735	1,915	2,815	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	815	395	420	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	3,375	1,580	1,795	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	300	215	85	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	635	405	235	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	63,065	31,310	31,755	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	29,110	14,165	14,950	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	21,810	10,555	11,255	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	7,165	3,735	3,425	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	2,880	1,620	1,260	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	2,095	1,225	865	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	63,060	31,305	31,755	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,535	2,170	1,370	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,985	6,230	4,755	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,740	10,850	10,885	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,615	4,975	7,640	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,670	1,875	2,800	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,520	5,210	4,310	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	85,275	43,120	42,155	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	84,725	42,880	41,845	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	84,240	42,590	41,645	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	83,170	42,275	40,895	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	1,065	315	755	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	485	290	195	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	485	290	195	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	10	0	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	35	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	25	20	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	10	0	40	25	20
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	15	0	10	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	160	70	90
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	10	10	0	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	10	0	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	225	150	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	375	225	145	990	540	450
Cantonese	15	10	0	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	310	180	125	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	10	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	550	240	310	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	380	145	235	650	235	410
English and non-official language	160	85	70	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	85,275	43,120	42,155	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	81,375	41,530	39,845	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	845	315	525	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	2,445	945	1,495	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	600	330	265	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	15	0	10	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	585	335	255	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
French and non-official language	20	0	20	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	138,370	67,215	71,155	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	120,645	58,620	62,025	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	17,725	8,590	9,135	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	8,400	4,080	4,315	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	9,330	4,510	4,815	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	7,975	3,825	4,155	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,165	2,535	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	3,270	1,655	1,620	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	1,355	690	665	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	132,700	64,185	68,515	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	87,825	42,635	45,190	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	44,875	21,550	23,325	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	20,225	9,670	10,555	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	24,650	11,880	12,770	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	20,530	9,745	10,785	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	12,225	5,670	6,555	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	8,305	4,075	4,230	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	4,115	2,135	1,985	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Prince Edward Island [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Prince Edward Island [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Prince Edward Island [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]