Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	923,598	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	921,727	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.2	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	458,568	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	401,990	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17.4	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	52,942.27	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	923,600	446,885	476,715	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	133,825	68,370	65,455	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	42,005	21,365	20,640	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	45,980	23,650	22,330	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	45,845	23,350	22,490	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	605,950	295,100	310,845	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	51,255	26,240	25,015	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	56,160	28,150	28,010	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	53,725	26,790	26,940	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	51,730	25,130	26,600	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	52,010	24,560	27,450	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	57,050	27,245	29,805	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	61,890	29,720	32,170	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	75,675	36,615	39,065	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	76,505	36,925	39,580	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	69,960	33,735	36,225	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	183,820	83,415	100,405	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	63,710	30,810	32,905	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	45,005	21,520	23,485	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	31,545	14,520	17,030	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	21,915	9,425	12,495	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	21,645	7,140	14,505	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	13,205	4,845	8,360	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	6,320	1,830	4,485	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	1,855	415	1,430	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	270	45	225	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.0	65.2	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	43.5	42.5	44.4	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.4	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	263,470	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	21,350	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	102,300	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	20,465	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	10,215	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,435	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	58,405	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	780	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	14,870	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	118,670	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	156,825	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	60,250	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	44,970	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	21,275	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	908,340	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	789,770	378,515	411,255	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	454,970	227,220	227,750	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	369,695	184,705	184,990	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	85,275	42,515	42,760	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	334,800	151,295	183,505	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	209,455	110,175	99,280	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	24,105	10,450	13,655	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	48,835	19,715	29,115	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	52,405	10,955	41,455	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	270,965	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	157,600	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	56,625	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	41,095	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	15,645	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	270,965	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	224,065	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	181,435	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	42,630	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,900	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	37,595	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	9,305	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	224,065	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	128,125	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	95,940	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	43,810	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	37,595	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	14,535	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,900	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	29,480	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	12,810	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	4,610	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	175,575	81,140	94,435	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	260,280	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,000	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	136,280	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	5,285	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	136,425	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	118,675	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,750	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	912,300	442,470	469,830	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	813,480	398,950	414,530	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	705	305	400	1,810	820	985
English and French	95,380	41,925	53,460	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	2,735	1,295	1,440	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	912,295	442,470	469,830	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	879,465	426,535	452,930	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	28,490	13,890	14,600	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	1,760	825	930	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	2,585	1,215	1,365	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	29,370	14,300	15,070	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.2	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	912,295	442,470	469,830	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	904,240	438,550	465,690	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	859,690	416,245	443,445	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	830,220	401,980	428,240	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	29,465	14,265	15,205	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	44,550	22,305	22,245	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	4,290	2,020	2,270	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	4,210	1,985	2,225	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	15	10	5	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	5	0	0	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	25	15	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,190	1,975	2,215	10	5	10
Malecite	10	5	5	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	4,185	1,970	2,215	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	10	0	10	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	5	5	5	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	60	30	35	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5	10	0	10
Inuktitut	55	30	30	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	5	0	0	35	20	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	5	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	40,260	20,285	19,975	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,760	4,275	3,480	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	10	10	0	115	75	45
Kabyle	5	0	0	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	130	65	65	1,505	765	740
Bilen	5	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	60	30	25	205	115	95
Somali	50	20	30	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	20	10	15
Semitic languages	7,615	4,205	3,415	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	115	50	65	1,370	670	700
Arabic	7,110	3,950	3,165	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	440	245	200
Harari	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	210	115	95	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	15	10	5	215	100	115
Tigrigna	140	65	80	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	505	245	260	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	490	240	250	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	2,235	940	1,300	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	5	5	5	375	165	215
Cebuano	150	60	90	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	0	0	0	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	55	15	40	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	0	5	0	20	10	15
Malay	55	25	35	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	700	320	380
Pangasinan	5	0	0	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,905	810	1,090	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	95	60	35	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	10	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	1,010	595	420	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	40	20	15	280	150	135
Malayalam	365	205	165	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	315	185	130	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	285	180	110	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	18,590	9,320	9,270	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	275	130	140	1,465	765	705
Armenian	35	30	10	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	3,470	1,645	1,830	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	100	35	60	1,070	485	585
Latvian	50	20	30	565	255	300
Lithuanian	45	15	30	505	225	280
Slavic languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	5	5	5	95	45	50
Bosnian	120	60	65	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	55	25	30	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	225	105	115	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	205	105	100	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	20	10	15	325	160	165
Polish	795	365	435	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	1,285	615	670	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	115	60	65	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	40	1,395	670	725
Slovak	100	45	55	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	320	155	170	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	345	175	170
Celtic languages	185	80	100	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	145	65	85	240	130	110
Welsh	30	10	15	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	95	50	45
Germanic languages	5,700	2,800	2,900	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	120	55	60	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	160	105	60	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	1,620	815	805	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	35	20	15	295	145	145
German	3,435	1,645	1,790	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	45	20	20	275	135	145
Norwegian	110	60	50	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	110	45	65	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	10	445	220	225
Yiddish	20	10	5	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	65	45	25
Greek	760	390	365	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	4,835	2,650	2,190	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	3,385	1,895	1,490	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	475	290	185	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	195	125	70	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	745	445	300	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	10	5	5	65	35	25
Konkani	5	5	5	255	130	125
Marathi	70	35	35	620	325	295
Nepali	530	255	275	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	310	270	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	20	10	5	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	85	85	1,675	845	830
Urdu	575	330	245	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	1,425	740	690	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	115	65	50	1,765	945	825
Pashto	80	45	35	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	1,230	630	605	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	10	5	5	160	85	75
Italian	745	400	340	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	520	245	270	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	225	110	120	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	1,830	840	985	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	105	65	40
Japanese	360	100	260	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	85	50	35
Georgian	5	0	0	85	50	40
Korean	1,095	475	620	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	5	5	5	360	150	205
Mongolian	0	5	0	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	630	325	305	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	40	25	25	495	275	220
Bamanankan	15	5	5	10	5	5
Edo	5	0	5	85	50	35
Ewe	40	25	10	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	45	25	20
Ga	10	5	5	45	20	25
Ganda	20	5	15	90	45	45
Igbo	45	20	20	245	145	105
Lingala	5	0	5	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	15	30	155	70	80
Shona	30	15	15	215	100	115
Swahili	135	65	70	805	400	405
Wolof	10	10	0	50	25	25
Yoruba	65	35	30	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	140	75	70	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	40	340	175	165
Dinka	20	10	10	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	240	115	125
Sign languages	190	90	100	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	85	40	50	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	50	55	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,665	3,335	3,330	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	6,635	3,320	3,315	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	1,145	535	610	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	20	5	15	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	4,640	2,325	2,315	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	0	0	0	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	30	20	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	645	365	280	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	15	5	10	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	0	0	0	815	395	425
Tibetan	5	0	5	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	155	55	100	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	10	0	5	1,100	550	550
Thai	150	50	100	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	445	240	205	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	530	290	235
Turkish	305	165	140	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	5	5	5	170	85	85
Uzbek	110	60	50	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	190	80	110
Uralic languages	415	180	235	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	40	20	25	705	295	410
Finnish	95	30	60	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	275	130	150	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	500	280	225
Multiple responses	8,060	3,920	4,140	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	3,445	1,600	1,850	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	4,180	2,110	2,070	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	225	115	105	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	210	90	120	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	912,300	442,470	469,830	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	900,755	436,755	464,000	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	878,015	425,220	452,795	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	863,550	418,315	445,240	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	14,460	6,910	7,560	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	22,740	11,540	11,205	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	2,570	1,285	1,295	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	2,565	1,280	1,285	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,560	1,280	1,280	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,560	1,275	1,280	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	5	0	5	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,170	10,255	9,915	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,630	2,450	2,180	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	85	40	45	770	355	415
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	45	20	25	90	50	45
Somali	25	10	15	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	15	5	10
Semitic languages	4,540	2,405	2,130	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	55	25	30	600	275	320
Arabic	4,260	2,270	1,990	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	165	145
Harari	5	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	125	70	55	900	465	440
Maltese	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tigrigna	95	40	55	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	330	160	165	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	800	375	420
Vietnamese	330	165	170	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	1,140	550	585	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	0	0	0	75	30	35
Cebuano	55	20	35	1,305	585	715
Fijian	0	0	0	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	415	175	240
Ilocano	15	5	5	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malay	0	0	5	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,065	520	545	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	310	150	160
Creole languages	35	20	20	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	5	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	425	240	185	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	15	5	10	110	55	60
Malayalam	140	75	60	1,225	615	605
Tamil	140	80	60	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	125	80	50	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	7,410	3,715	3,690	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	110	60	55	695	335	360
Armenian	15	10	10	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	1,405	680	720	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	30	10	15	210	90	115
Latvian	10	5	10	80	30	50
Lithuanian	15	5	10	125	60	65
Slavic languages	1,375	675	700	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	65	30	30	595	300	300
Bulgarian	25	15	10	1,035	485	550
Croatian	65	25	40	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	45	25	20	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	0	0	0	150	75	75
Polish	235	105	125	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	785	385	390	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	60	25	35	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10	500	235	265
Slovak	20	10	15	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	145	65	85
Ukrainian	55	30	20	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	40	20	20
Celtic languages	60	35	30	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	60	35	30	35	20	10
Welsh	0	0	0	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	1,490	725	760	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	30	15	15	1,475	715	760
Danish	15	0	15	305	145	160
Dutch	135	70	70	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,225	600	625	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	30	10	15	75	35	35
Norwegian	20	5	10	140	60	80
Swedish	15	5	5	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	50	30	20
Yiddish	5	0	0	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	5
Greek	270	135	130	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	2,815	1,475	1,335	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	995	860	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	250	135	115	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	100	60	35	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	310	190	120	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	5	5	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	40	25	25
Marathi	30	15	15	270	140	130
Nepali	475	235	240	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	125	125	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	5	5	0	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	675	330	340
Urdu	340	175	165	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	960	475	480	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	85	50	40	1,080	540	535
Pashto	45	20	20	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	825	405	420	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	595	645	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	5	0	0	65	35	35
Italian	165	70	85	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	195	90	105	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	70	35	35	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	810	390	420	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	5	10
Japanese	110	35	70	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Korean	710	330	385	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	170	80	90
Mongolian	0	0	0	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	165	80	85	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	150	80	65
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ewe	15	5	5	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ga	5	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	5	0	5	10	5	5
Igbo	15	5	5	40	20	15
Lingala	0	5	0	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	60	25	35
Shona	0	0	0	65	25	40
Swahili	60	30	35	200	90	115
Wolof	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	20	10	10	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	20	140	60	75
Dinka	10	5	10	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	85	30	55
Sign languages	285	145	140	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	110	55	60	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	175	90	80	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,550	2,345	2,200	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	4,545	2,345	2,200	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	640	335	310	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	5	0	0	700	295	410
Mandarin	3,410	1,740	1,675	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	0	0	0	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	25	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	415	235	180	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	1,745	885	865
Burmese	0	0	0	720	375	350
Karenic languages	0	0	0	725	355	370
Tibetan	0	0	0	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	1,380	595	785
Lao	0	0	0	460	225	235
Thai	55	15	35	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	215	110	105	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	195	105	95
Turkish	140	70	75	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	70	40	30	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	40	20	25
Uralic languages	75	35	40	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	5	5	5	95	40	55
Finnish	15	10	5	725	325	400
Hungarian	55	25	30	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	145	70	75
Multiple responses	11,540	5,715	5,825	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	2,180	995	1,185	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	8,970	4,515	4,450	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	75	40	30	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	315	155	160	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	912,295	442,470	469,825	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	861,780	418,525	443,260	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	17,005	8,480	8,525	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	16,390	7,210	9,175	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	16,275	7,850	8,420	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	2,135	930	1,205	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	14,135	6,920	7,220	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	150	70	80	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	220	105	115	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	470	230	245	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	774,750	372,455	402,290	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,260	358,055	386,205	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,813	38,379	26,750	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	744,545	358,085	386,455	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,627	33,642	24,590	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	648,960	320,380	328,580	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,938	36,363	24,497	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	554,985	243,860	311,130	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,438	8,175	6,961	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	523,020	264,375	258,645	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,979	35,676	25,405	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	357,820	386,455	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	49,413	34,132	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	357,855	386,710	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	39,776	28,993	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	320,370	328,540	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	48,457	32,345	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,740	243,445	312,295	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	8,859	8,211	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	264,475	258,545	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	46,606	32,275	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	245,425	131,095	114,325	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,665	53,785	42,236	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,820	63,886	48,717	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.6	87.7	80.7	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	66.9	69.7	63.3	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.4	12.3	19.3	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	30,485	14,395	16,090	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	744,265	358,060	386,205	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	96.1	96.1	96.0	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,125	43,575	60,545	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	134,355	50,310	84,050	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	114,855	47,195	67,660	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	98,325	45,040	53,280	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	79,435	39,605	39,830	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	57,255	32,255	25,000	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	41,715	25,830	15,885	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	33,195	19,945	13,250	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	25,500	14,900	10,605	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	15,530	10,095	5,435	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	39,965	29,300	10,665	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	28,130	20,205	7,925	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	11,835	9,095	2,745	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	30,205	14,370	15,840	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	744,540	358,085	386,455	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	96.1	96.1	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,630	44,435	64,195	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	142,975	54,160	88,815	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	138,435	58,900	79,535	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	119,130	56,990	62,145	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	84,245	46,675	37,565	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	56,235	34,590	21,645	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	39,320	23,195	16,125	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	21,210	13,950	7,260	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	34,360	25,185	9,170	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	11,615	8,185	3,430	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	6,825	4,950	1,875	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	15,915	12,050	3,860	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	251,730	108,080	143,650	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	523,020	264,370	258,640	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	67.5	71.0	64.3	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	72,940	34,125	38,820	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	45,820	19,475	26,350	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	76,685	33,555	43,130	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	66,155	29,385	36,770	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	60,485	27,455	33,035	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	49,395	24,470	24,925	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	37,685	21,735	15,955	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	28,695	17,955	10,740	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	24,970	14,750	10,220	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	60,175	41,470	18,705	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	20,175	11,645	8,535	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	11,685	7,975	3,715	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	28,310	21,850	6,460	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	60,764	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	53,129	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	118,670	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,377	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,511	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	283,320	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,136	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	66,538	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,797	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,299	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	118,705	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,601	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,962	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	283,285	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,383	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,011	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	401,990	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	6,830	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,755	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,330	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20,155	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,210	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,700	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,645	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,995	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	19,285	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,235	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,450	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30,470	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,755	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,340	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20,240	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	100,600	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,090	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,330	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	23,445	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,730	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	401,990	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	7,145	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,885	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	12,545	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	21,370	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	23,030	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,365	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,495	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	23,945	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	22,630	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,635	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,585	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,920	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	29,795	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,160	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,275	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	64,210	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	31,985	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15,940	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,280	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	269,560	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,529	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,728	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	121,200	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,495	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,883	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	97,460	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,981	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,099	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,560	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,597	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,309	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	269,510	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,490	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,470	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	157,715	73,825	83,890	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,180	30,235	26,673	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,848	27,176	24,859	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	157,410	73,440	83,970	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,847	38,945	35,012	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	30,893	31,946	29,973	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	440,700	467,640	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	519,830	244,725	275,105	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	105,810	49,730	56,080	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	112,825	49,900	62,920	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	102,515	48,345	54,175	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	100,645	48,515	52,130	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	98,030	48,235	49,800	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	388,510	195,975	192,540	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	94,350	47,240	47,110	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	89,765	45,260	44,505	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	83,140	41,815	41,330	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	69,850	35,450	34,400	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	51,410	26,210	25,195	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	898,345	435,895	462,450	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	159,820	81,670	78,150	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	49,595	25,280	24,310	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	565,395	274,120	291,275	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	173,125	80,100	93,025	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,955	70,415	84,540	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	35,525	18,145	17,380	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	12,740	6,470	6,275	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	88,355	40,375	47,985	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	31,075	11,890	19,185	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.2	16.2	18.3	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	25.7	25.6	25.8	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	14.7	16.5	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.8	20.6	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,745	34,290	36,460	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	15,285	7,805	7,485	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	5,645	2,870	2,775	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	52,220	25,185	27,030	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	3,240	1,295	1,945	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.9	7.9	7.9	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	9.2	9.3	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.1	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	908,340	440,730	467,605	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	905,700	439,525	466,180	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	905,020	439,215	465,805	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	95,740	42,150	53,585	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	64,100	31,380	32,725	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,685	2,960	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	5,575	2,635	2,935	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	0	0	55	25	30
Woods Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,550	2,625	2,920	30	20	10
Malecite	10	0	10	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	5,540	2,625	2,920	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	310	100	205
Algonquin	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ojibway	10	0	10	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	10	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	0	10	0	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	10	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	10	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	10	10	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	35	25	15	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	30	15	10	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	10	0	10	110	50	60
Salish languages	10	0	0	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,490	28,715	29,770	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,730	5,745	4,985	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	25	15	15	145	95	45
Kabyle	25	15	15	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	155	65	95	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	20	15	10	20	10	15
Oromo	40	15	20	245	140	110
Somali	75	25	55	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	10	0	10
Semitic languages	10,635	5,715	4,925	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	260	135	120	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	9,685	5,185	4,500	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	570	285	285
Harari	0	0	0	55	35	20
Hebrew	630	370	260	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	25	0	25	315	155	155
Tigrigna	140	65	70	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	260	310	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	555	255	300	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	3,035	1,275	1,760	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	10	0	10	530	215	310
Cebuano	185	80	100	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	10	0	0	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	70	20	55	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	80	25	60	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	855	365	495
Pangasinan	0	0	0	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,835	1,195	1,635	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	360	185	175	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	65	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	210	115	100	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	1,365	785	580	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	75	45	35	510	250	265
Malayalam	560	310	250	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	450	260	190	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	350	215	135	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	30,820	15,070	15,755	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	405	185	215	1,640	840	795
Armenian	80	45	30	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	4,095	1,935	2,160	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	110	35	80	1,030	515	520
Latvian	50	15	35	555	290	265
Lithuanian	55	15	40	475	220	250
Slavic languages	4,010	1,910	2,105	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	10	0	10	245	115	125
Bosnian	145	60	80	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	75	35	35	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	275	105	165	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	210	95	110	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	90	55	30	400	220	185
Polish	900	410	490	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	1,945	970	970	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	180	85	95	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	50	1,525	770	750
Slovak	145	70	75	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	425	180	245	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	215	205
Celtic languages	1,070	495	580	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	910	400	505	660	395	265
Welsh	35	25	10	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	75	860	450	410
Germanic languages	9,225	4,490	4,740	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	320	140	175	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	235	125	110	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	2,105	935	1,165	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	60	30	30	465	230	240
German	6,335	3,180	3,155	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	100	40	60	405	210	195
Norwegian	150	105	40	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	245	115	130	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	545	270	275
Yiddish	30	15	15	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	125	45	85	155	95	60
Greek	1,315	670	645	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	6,535	3,635	2,900	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	4,935	2,790	2,140	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	625	350	275	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	240	150	90	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	2,270	1,300	975	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	15	0	10	60	30	25
Konkani	15	15	0	415	215	200
Marathi	135	85	45	1,475	780	695
Nepali	620	315	305	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	20	10	15	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,010	570	445	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	10	0	0	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	125	120	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	1,090	660	425	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	1,625	865	755	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	185	110	75	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	85	55	30	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	1,385	725	660	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	9,365	4,270	5,100	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	15	10	10	395	210	180
Italian	1,665	845	820	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	910	480	430	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	240	140	105	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	6,990	3,020	3,970	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	55	20	380	245	140
Japanese	865	335	530	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	115	55	60
Georgian	0	10	0	115	55	55
Korean	1,530	685	850	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	10	0	10	370	170	200
Mongolian	0	0	0	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	1,340	715	620	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	65	40	30	630	350	280
Bamanankan	10	10	10	30	20	15
Edo	10	10	0	145	80	60
Ewe	80	50	30	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	105	30	70
Ga	30	15	20	150	95	50
Ganda	60	15	40	165	80	85
Igbo	70	45	30	425	240	185
Lingala	30	15	15	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	65	65	290	125	165
Shona	65	40	35	415	220	195
Swahili	370	200	175	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	35	15	20	50	25	30
Yoruba	250	125	125	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	175	130	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	20	405	210	200
Dinka	0	0	10	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	325	155	165
Sign languages	1,605	555	1,045	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	795	235	555	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	815	325	495	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,135	3,615	3,515	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	7,115	3,610	3,500	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	1,555	730	820	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	45	25	25	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	5,435	2,720	2,710	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	75	120	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	30	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	575	340	245	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	0	0	0	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	0	0	0	955	485	465
Tibetan	20	10	15	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	240	110	130	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	20	0	10	1,630	735	890
Thai	220	100	120	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	620	320	300	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	945	510	435
Turkish	480	225	255	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	15	0	10	115	60	55
Uzbek	105	60	40	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	275	140	130
Uralic languages	430	200	230	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	50	25	20	780	350	425
Finnish	120	55	70	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	255	115	140	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	908,340	440,735	467,605	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	878,415	425,340	453,070	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	159,440	81,575	77,870	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	718,970	343,770	375,200	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	29,930	15,395	14,535	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	908,340	440,730	467,605	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	842,760	407,740	435,015	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	55,675	27,270	28,405	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	19,200	9,335	9,865	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	4,800	2,330	2,470	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	6,705	3,140	3,560	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	13,185	6,540	6,645	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	5,105	2,500	2,600	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	8,080	4,035	4,045	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	11,790	5,925	5,865	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	9,900	5,720	4,185	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	55,675	27,270	28,410	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	7,280	3,495	3,785	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	10,445	5,240	5,205	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	10,170	4,670	5,500	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	22,980	11,315	11,660	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	4,800	2,550	2,250	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55,680	27,270	28,410	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	10,610	4,830	5,780	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	175	75	100	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	175	90	85	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	95	50	45	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	170	85	90	1,305	600	710
Haiti	55	30	30	570	250	315
Jamaica	480	210	275	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	325	155	175	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	105	35	75	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	220	120	100	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,375	3,320	4,055	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	1,430	675	750	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	22,110	11,195	10,920	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	115	100	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	180	75	105	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	610	330	280	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	2,600	1,270	1,330	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	505	270	235	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	110	40	65	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	475	225	255	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	525	310	215	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	1,645	790	855	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	630	265	365	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	220	140	80	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	180	100	80	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	585	270	315	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	90	45	45	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	335	145	195	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,275	5,815	5,460	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	1,930	985	945	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	3,525	1,855	1,675	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	25	15	15	485	310	175
Egypt	770	395	370	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	185	105	85	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	125	75	50	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	80	50	30	985	535	455
Nigeria	350	185	165	1,740	925	815
Somalia	65	30	35	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	460	205	250	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	1,465	790	675	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	18,955	9,100	9,855	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	100	40	60	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	315	180	135	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,830	1,140	1,685	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	280	130	155	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	2,225	1,190	1,040	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	970	525	440	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	525	250	285	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	225	60	170	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	870	340	530	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	1,370	755	610	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	615	315	295	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	2,570	1,035	1,540	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	310	140	175	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,150	565	580	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	225	100	120	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	450	205	245	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	3,930	2,130	1,795	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	480	295	180	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	11,785	5,920	5,870	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	1,390	675	715	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	95	40	55	1,145	525	615
Colombia	15	0	15	580	250	325
Cuba	70	40	30	140	60	80
Haiti	20	15	0	35	35	10
Jamaica	195	100	95	625	355	265
Mexico	105	55	45	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	615	310	305	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	10	10	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	275	115	165	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	2,210	1,165	1,045	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	110	55	55	970	510	460
Germany	215	110	100	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	75	50	25	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	15	245	120	125
Romania	40	25	15	690	310	380
Russian Federation	180	75	100	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	140	55	80	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,080	620	460	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	355	165	190	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	1,085	600	485	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	15	0	10	65	40	20
Cameroon	0	0	10	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	25	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	20	10	10
Egypt	205	105	95	625	340	290
Eritrea	70	40	30	320	175	145
Ethiopia	45	35	10	305	170	140
Morocco	30	15	10	205	115	95
Nigeria	200	100	100	645	325	315
Somalia	10	0	10	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	45	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	10	10	0	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	365	220	150	1,745	890	860
Asia	7,035	3,435	3,600	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	20	0	20	870	455	415
Bangladesh	80	50	30	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	985	465	520	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	1,800	770	1,030
India	900	490	410	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	260	135	125	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	245	125	120	1,910	940	965
Israel	280	180	100	365	205	160
Japan	70	25	50	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	225	75	150	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	75	35	40	265	155	110
Nepal	185	95	85	310	115	195
Pakistan	145	80	65	1,965	990	975
Philippines	1,500	640	860	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	125	75	50	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	100	55	50	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	890	420	460	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	0	0	0	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	100	55	40	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	385	195	195
Viet Nam	65	20	45	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	715	370	345	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	70	50	20	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	35	30	0	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	35	15	15	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	908,340	440,735	467,605	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	70,310	35,320	34,990	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	69,125	33,765	35,360	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	768,905	371,645	397,260	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	37,000	18,195	18,805	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	21,830	11,270	10,560	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	8,710	5,865	2,845	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	13,115	5,405	7,710	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	10,415	4,455	5,955	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,520	2,345	2,175	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	235	120	115	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	908,340	440,730	467,605	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	51,495	24,900	26,595	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	49,935	24,175	25,765	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	25,830	12,460	13,370	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	23,315	11,325	11,985	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	795	385	410	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	835	425	410	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	725	300	420	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	856,850	415,835	441,015	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	908,340	440,735	467,610	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	18,940	9,135	9,805	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,405	431,595	457,800	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	908,340	440,735	467,610	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	15,055	7,255	7,805	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	14,780	7,120	7,655	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	11,995	5,790	6,210	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	2,560	1,245	1,315	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	220	85	135	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	275	135	145	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	95	115	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	20	10	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	20	15	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	58,980	27,665	31,315	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	56,830	26,660	30,170	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	15,975	18,400	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	10,120	11,080	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	560	690	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,145	1,005	1,140	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,850	855	995	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	80	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	90	45	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	10	20	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	834,300	405,810	428,495	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	440,735	467,605	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	58,650	29,305	29,350	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,910	4,385	3,525	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	8,640	4,210	4,435	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	21,915	10,735	11,175	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	3,400	1,485	1,920	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	1,685	820	865	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	8,110	4,375	3,735	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,195	525	670	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,540	805	740	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	1,540	685	855	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	695	295	405	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	630	300	330	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,385	690	695	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	849,690	411,430	438,260	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	908,340	440,730	467,610	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	74,040	34,920	39,115	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	48,640	22,805	25,835	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	1,840	830	1,010	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	26,025	12,435	13,585	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	410,825	197,970	212,855	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	23,700	11,050	12,650	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	7,515	3,730	3,785	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	387,360	186,955	200,405	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	1,750	835	910	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	1,295	625	665	185	95	85
Ontarian	95	65	35	130	55	75
Québécois	380	190	185	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	405	175	230
European origins	621,525	299,755	321,760	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	513,725	246,085	267,645	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	90	25	60	455	230	220
Cornish	105	45	65	610	340	265
English	262,375	124,610	137,765	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	195,865	91,260	104,605	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	145	70	70	1,810	835	975
Scottish	272,880	129,640	143,240	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	17,135	8,105	9,030	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	18,975	8,955	10,020	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	149,665	70,095	79,570	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	25	20	10	210	95	115
Breton	15	10	10	110	45	65
Corsican	20	20	0	105	40	65
French	149,625	70,065	79,565	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	125,110	59,420	65,690	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	1,775	880	895	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	10	10	10	225	105	120
Belgian	2,615	1,320	1,305	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	32,045	14,640	17,410	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	160	80	80	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	50	20	30	850	425	425
German	97,555	46,450	51,100	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	30	20	10	695	340	355
Swiss	2,705	1,335	1,375	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	75	60	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	14,985	7,075	7,910	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	3,700	1,695	2,005	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	1,140	505	630	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	660	295	370	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	5,170	2,535	2,635	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	3,565	1,575	1,990	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,365	750	620	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	29,685	14,315	15,370	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	280	130	145	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	195	85	105	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	1,165	620	545	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	420	175	245	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	345	185	165	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	2,700	1,320	1,380	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	380	160	220	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	1,150	510	635	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	10	0	10	1,085	510	580
Polish	11,575	5,525	6,050	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	1,190	540	650	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	4,775	2,210	2,570	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	610	320	290	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	9,115	4,475	4,640	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	310	150	160	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	28,680	13,790	14,890	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	285	140	145	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	155	75	75	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	0	0	0	120	85	30
Croatian	680	325	360	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	40	30	15	440	230	205
Greek	3,360	1,705	1,650	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	15,620	7,605	8,015	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	255	115	145	280	135	145
Macedonian	165	90	80	1,205	620	580
Maltese	440	215	220	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	20	10	10	710	360	350
Portuguese	3,580	1,700	1,880	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	255	120	135	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	40	20	15	545	295	255
Slovenian	150	70	85	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	4,300	1,875	2,425	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	400	205	200	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	85	50	40	395	200	195
Other European origins	5,465	2,845	2,625	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	160	75	85	840	470	375
Jewish	2,040	1,040	1,000	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	135	110	25	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	25	25	0	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,145	1,610	1,535	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	5,220	2,580	2,640	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	100	50	55	220	115	105
Bahamian	230	105	115	255	140	110
Barbadian	575	300	275	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	185	90	100	335	155	175
Carib	45	30	10	70	50	25
Cuban	340	145	195	1,320	615	700
Dominican	150	85	65	735	330	410
Grenadian	35	20	20	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	115	50	65	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	2,075	1,050	1,025	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	45	15	30	130	70	55
Martinican	10	10	0	25	0	20
Montserratan	10	10	0	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	115	40	75	570	260	310
St. Lucian	65	20	50	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	170	155	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	35	20	15	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	785	420	365	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	330	155	180	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,055	1,525	1,525	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	185	90	100	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	0	0	0	90	45	45
Argentinian	65	40	25	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	25	20	10	125	60	65
Bolivian	40	20	15	375	145	230
Brazilian	280	140	135	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	130	80	45	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	430	210	225	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	35	10	25	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	50	20	30	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	90	65	35	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	350	160	195	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	60	35	25	1,535	720	810
Honduran	50	35	20	1,445	750	695
Maya	70	35	30	930	475	455
Mexican	810	415	395	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	45	20	25	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	25	10	15	325	140	185
Paraguayan	0	0	0	895	475	420
Peruvian	180	85	95	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	110	75	35	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	15	0	20	410	205	205
Venezuelan	80	50	30	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	185	80	105	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	17,655	8,560	9,095	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	1,335	700	635	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	10	0	10	40	30	10
Angolan	10	0	10	90	55	35
Ashanti	0	10	0	85	30	50
Beninese	20	10	10	35	20	15
Burkinabe	0	0	10	45	30	15
Cameroonian	70	35	35	150	85	70
Chadian	0	0	0	70	50	25
Congolese	180	95	85	810	405	400
Edo	0	0	0	85	55	30
Ewe	0	0	0	55	25	30
Gabonese	10	0	0	10	0	10
Gambian	10	0	10	25	10	15
Ghanaian	185	105	85	1,600	865	730
Guinean	30	20	10	130	45	80
Ibo	90	50	40	280	160	115
Ivorian	10	0	0	100	55	50
Liberian	15	10	10	250	95	150
Malian	10	0	10	80	55	25
Malinké	15	10	10	10	0	0
Nigerian	445	240	210	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	0	10	0	20	0	15
Senegalese	10	10	0	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	80	45	35	130	60	65
Togolese	70	30	35	100	70	40
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	25	45	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	120	65	50	620	305	315
North African origins	2,030	1,045	980	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	85	45	40	770	465	305
Berber	70	50	20	210	130	80
Coptic	30	10	20	150	90	65
Dinka	0	0	0	45	25	15
Egyptian	1,295	695	600	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	215	105	110	420	275	140
Maure	10	0	10	150	60	90
Moroccan	130	60	70	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	130	50	80	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	65	25	35	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	90	40	50	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	1,865	920	945	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	25	10	20	705	355	355
Amhara	10	10	0	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	10	10	0	255	140	120
Burundian	10	0	0	215	95	120
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	160	85	75	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	280	120	155	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	160	85	75	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	20	0	15	105	65	40
Mauritian	0	0	0	975	520	450
Oromo	25	15	15	140	75	65
Rwandan	105	55	50	420	225	195
Seychellois	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	180	75	100	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	520	255	265	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	60	45	20	490	220	275
Tigrian	15	0	10	205	110	95
Ugandan	60	25	40	775	390	380
Zambian	80	35	50	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	100	55	45	855	445	405
Zulu	0	0	0	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	170	100	75	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	12,620	5,990	6,635	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,255	1,060	1,195	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	10,460	4,965	5,495	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	42,500	21,445	21,050	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	17,205	8,915	8,295	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	230	80	150	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,600	835	770	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	265	160	110	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	10	10	0	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	990	570	425
Georgian	20	15	10	740	380	355
Hazara	0	0	0	55	30	20
Iranian	1,405	785	620	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	595	270	325	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	245	120	120	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	260	150	115	785	425	355
Kazakh	45	30	20	385	205	175
Kurd	230	120	115	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	245	115	130	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	175	90	85
Lebanese	7,445	3,815	3,630	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	990	535	455	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	30	15	10	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	725	470	255	975	615	360
Syrian	2,190	1,090	1,100	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	20	10	10	260	135	125
Tatar	40	15	25	790	365	425
Turk	690	320	370	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	10	10	10	120	70	55
Uighur	10	10	0	130	65	60
Uzbek	90	60	30	270	150	120
Yemeni	205	105	95	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	780	410	370	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	8,495	4,690	3,805	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	240	135	110	1,840	925	920
Bengali	65	40	20	850	405	445
Bhutanese	225	100	125	120	65	55
East Indian	6,255	3,460	2,795	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	10	10	0	485	245	240
Gujarati	10	0	0	700	335	365
Kashmiri	0	10	0	185	100	85
Nepali	430	220	210	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	665	405	260	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	230	110	115	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	40	10	30	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	340	150	190	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	60	30	35	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	470	290	175	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,715	7,850	8,870	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	15	0	10	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	15	40	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	9,695	4,720	4,980	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	3,580	1,585	1,995	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	0	0	0	130	70	60
Indonesian	140	65	75	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	905	385	515	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	0	0	0	895	450	445
Korean	1,590	700	895	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	15	0	10	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	80	30	45	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	55	30	30	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	10	10	0	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	240	100	140	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	245	85	155	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	10	0	10	550	290	260
Vietnamese	760	355	410	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	75	45	25	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	410	190	215	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	410	190	215	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	895	450	445	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	490	255	235	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	290	155	130	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	125	55	70	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	15	10	10	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	25	10	15	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	40	20	25	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	20	15	10	600	275	325
Samoan	10	0	10	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	0	20	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	276,095	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	123,595	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	2,300	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	13,370	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	388,625	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	1,140	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	45,675	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,410	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	158,975	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	90,785	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	87,755	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	64,655	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	66,855	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	57,085	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	125,635	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	399,855	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	2,130	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	401,990	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	390,445	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	11,540	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	112,530	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	113,715	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,105	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	49,825	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	23,045	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	23,925	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	19,840	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	366,615	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	35,375	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	241,800	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	152,970	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,220	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	401,990	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	14,575	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	49,695	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	59,550	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,555	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,360	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	66,865	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	35,980	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	12,405	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	395,860	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	310,540	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	85,315	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	74,290	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	273,525	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.2	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.0	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	819	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	987	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	199,886	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	230,441	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	123,060	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.3	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.8	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	849	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	909	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	79,885	73,825	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	195,900	95,205	100,695	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	425,140	197,365	227,775	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	54,075	22,735	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	42,625	25,015	17,610	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	34,185	29,060	5,125	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	67,030	101,775	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	6,975	11,405	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	69,290	91,855	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	108,385	45,185	63,205	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,495	4,020	5,475	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,700	2,595	2,110	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	32,645	13,840	18,805	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,925	3,655	2,270	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	494,505	237,795	256,710	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,280	34,820	25,460	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	116,280	57,600	58,675	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	317,950	145,375	172,570	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	52,370	37,255	15,115	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,105	17,300	11,810	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	23,265	19,955	3,310	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,010	51,890	76,120	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,595	4,325	7,275	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	125,970	51,905	74,065	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	85,240	34,830	50,410	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,895	2,610	4,285	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,775	1,850	1,925	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	26,025	10,380	15,640	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,045	2,240	1,805	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	349,605	175,090	174,520	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	31,395	8,460	22,930	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	31,390	8,465	22,930	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	5,095	5,605	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	1,565	505	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	3,530	5,100	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	18,830	7,520	11,310	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	355	820	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	5,110	1,530	3,580	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	1,540	3,000	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	65	25	35	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	675	565	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	1,340	860	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	3,615	1,865	1,755	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	880	190	695	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,155	11,980	28,175	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	145	490	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,285	1,260	2,025	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	750	8,365	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	1,920	4,185	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	610	135	475	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	8,170	2,060	6,110	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	12,240	5,710	6,520	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	93,075	27,030	66,045	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	55	150	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	1,345	4,940	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,590	25,630	60,960	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	7,650	7,685	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,910	2,990	3,925	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	1,455	1,880	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	165	35	120	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	4,260	3,005	1,255	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	165	500	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,745	9,355	6,390	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	8,055	4,695	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	1,210	175	1,040	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	995	600	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	200	135	65	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	87,340	5,580	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	860	510	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	11,925	10,290	1,640	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	16,110	1,695	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	24,800	24,235	570	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	24,680	780	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	11,545	11,165	380	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	4,615	3,015	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	2,160	2,055	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,410	2,450	960	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	66,770	10,595	56,175	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,560	1,730	1,825	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	61,755	7,955	53,800	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	910	550	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	17,700	14,830	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	4,455	13,170	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	240	10	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	850	50	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	4,540	3,535	1,005	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	8,625	600	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	45	10	40	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	40	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	494,505	237,795	256,710	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	176,560	92,420	84,135	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	20,590	4,940	15,650	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	20,585	4,940	15,650	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,145	3,855	4,285	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,515	1,140	375	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	6,630	2,715	3,915	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	13,745	5,275	8,465	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	895	280	615	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	3,800	1,095	2,705	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,425	1,125	2,305	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	35	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	910	490	420	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,330	795	535	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	2,710	1,340	1,370	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	620	130	490	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	32,650	9,150	23,500	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	110	410	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,750	1,030	1,720	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,395	580	6,810	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	5,225	1,380	3,845	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	460	100	355	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	6,545	1,580	4,970	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	9,755	4,360	5,390	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	69,255	20,285	48,970	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	40	135	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,140	1,025	4,120	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	63,935	19,220	44,715	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,075	5,385	5,690	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,285	2,240	3,045	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,390	1,030	1,360	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	2,910	2,005	905	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	365	85	275	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	13,625	8,240	5,385	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,505	7,330	4,170	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	815	115	700	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,130	660	470	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	175	125	50	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	67,930	63,180	4,750	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	1,020	585	430	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	8,585	7,230	1,355	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,410	11,920	1,495	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	18,355	17,835	515	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,540	17,910	625	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	8,020	7,700	325	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,995	3,475	2,520	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,270	1,570	1,695	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,725	1,905	825	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	50,220	8,215	42,010	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,730	1,350	1,380	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	46,385	6,215	40,165	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,110	650	460	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,685	13,375	11,310	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	13,490	3,480	10,000	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	205	200	10	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	475	435	40	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	3,465	2,655	815	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,045	6,595	450	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	45	10	40	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	35	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	774,745	372,455	402,295	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	349,605	175,090	174,515	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	425,145	197,365	227,775	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	396,690	182,875	213,810	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	315,140	141,965	173,175	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	81,550	40,915	40,640	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	28,450	14,485	13,965	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,950	4,110	3,840	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	1,530	540	995	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	1,755	935	825	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	5,530	3,225	2,305	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,080	445	635	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	350	210	145	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	10,255	5,030	5,225	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	494,510	237,800	256,710	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	176,560	92,420	84,140	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	317,950	145,380	172,575	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	297,430	135,465	161,965	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	236,720	105,480	131,235	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	60,710	29,980	30,730	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	20,525	9,915	10,605	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,905	2,370	2,540	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	1,415	520	900	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	1,385	725	660	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,455	1,930	1,525	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	810	335	475	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	245	140	100	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	8,305	3,900	4,405	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	774,750	372,455	402,290	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	427,310	215,010	212,305	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	47,280	27,765	19,520	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	300,155	129,680	170,475	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	61.3	65.2	57.6	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	55.2	57.7	52.8	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	10.0	11.4	8.4	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	774,750	372,455	402,295	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	274,375	117,550	156,825	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	500,370	254,905	245,465	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	252,820	135,940	116,880	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	247,550	118,965	128,585	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.5	41.7	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	474,590	242,775	231,820	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	420,745	210,170	210,570	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	44,585	27,805	16,775	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,800	4,470	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	45,530	27,170	18,365	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	17,930	49,565	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	21,980	5,465	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	37,600	6,290	31,310	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	20,975	37,185	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	5,560	6,930	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	113,135	45,385	67,750	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	64,200	3,430	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	15,730	2,650	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	12,755	4,705	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	474,595	242,775	231,820	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	9,265	4,795	4,465	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	465,330	237,975	227,350	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	14,165	3,610	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	3,630	390	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	2,880	2,115	760	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	33,555	30,185	3,370	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	32,375	23,565	8,810	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	9,650	3,690	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	26,295	33,280	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	14,980	4,680	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	5,250	4,055	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	15,240	5,690	9,545	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	3,890	2,980	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,065	14,090	11,975	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	255	365	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	12,950	9,295	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	35,480	11,705	23,780	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	10,435	53,955	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	4,555	4,835	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	33,115	12,095	21,025	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	8,875	10,320	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	40,225	23,590	16,635	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	427,310	215,010	212,300	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	28,075	13,780	14,300	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	1,665	1,185	485	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	51,545	38,965	12,575	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	346,020	161,075	184,945	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	161,075	184,945	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	116,125	134,875	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	23,850	33,655	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	17,425	14,805	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	3,675	1,610	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	397,570	200,045	197,525	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	159,660	150,580	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,150	12,090	17,055	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	25,315	11,425	13,890	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	24,870	11,635	13,235	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	2,480	1,695	785	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	5,520	3,535	1,985	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	397,565	200,045	197,525	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	136,245	62,375	73,880	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	145,310	73,055	72,260	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	69,795	37,770	32,025	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	24,405	13,070	11,335	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	21,815	13,785	8,030	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	397,570	200,045	197,520	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	23,775	16,345	7,430	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	76,185	44,615	31,570	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	119,920	60,740	59,185	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	83,505	32,835	50,670	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,470	14,005	21,465	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	58,715	31,510	27,205	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	514,080	261,365	252,710	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	510,800	259,940	250,860	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	509,100	258,990	250,105	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	502,960	256,380	246,585	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	6,135	2,615	3,525	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	1,705	950	755	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	650	350	295	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	650	355	295	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	645	350	290	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	645	355	295	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,055	600	455	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	150	45	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	150	45	435	295	135
Amharic	10	0	10	15	15	0
Arabic	165	135	30	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Vietnamese	10	0	10	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	15	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	10	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	385	225	160	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	15	950	440	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	25	20	10	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	0	0	115	50	70
Russian	25	20	10	565	255	315
Serbian	0	0	0	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	115	75	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	10	10	10	15	15	0
Dutch	0	0	0	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	155	85	65	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	10	0	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	15	25
Hindi	0	0	0	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	15	15	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	25	25
Iranian languages	30	10	15	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	0	0	0	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	10	20	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	50	60	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	10	10	0	110	50	60
Portuguese	30	15	15	515	255	260
Romanian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Spanish	75	30	40	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	50	20	25	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	20	25	280	90	190
American Sign Language	20	10	10	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	15	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	310	165	145	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	305	165	145	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	80	45	35	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	210	105	110	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	15	0	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	85	50	30
Burmese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	110
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	10	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkish	10	0	10	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	3,270	1,420	1,850	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	2,295	950	1,345	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	930	460	470	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	0	0	10	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	40	15	30	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	514,075	261,365	252,710	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	491,875	250,710	241,170	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	5,115	2,370	2,745	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	13,405	6,555	6,855	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	3,430	1,600	1,825	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	855	365	490	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	2,570	1,240	1,330	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	10	0	10	60	40	15
English and non-official language	0	10	0	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	230	130	105	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	900,450	436,790	463,660	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	792,100	384,560	407,535	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	108,350	52,230	56,120	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	68,165	32,930	35,235	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	40,185	19,300	20,885	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	33,720	16,055	17,665	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	18,480	8,390	10,090	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	7,665	7,570	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	6,470	3,240	3,225	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	866,425	419,580	446,845	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	582,705	283,125	299,575	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	283,720	136,455	147,265	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	169,570	81,405	88,165	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	114,150	55,045	59,100	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	94,885	45,015	49,860	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	50,330	23,230	27,095	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	21,785	22,770	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	19,270	10,035	9,240	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Nova Scotia [Province] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 8, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Nova Scotia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]