Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	10	5	5
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	0	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	10	5	5
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	40	25	15
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	30	15	20
Bilen	10	10	5	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	5	5	5	5
Somali	1,075	515	560	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	745	340	405	65	35	25
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	170	90	80
Maltese	25	10	15	0	0	5
Tigrigna	385	185	205	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	10	5	10
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	1,375	510	865
Bikol	115	35	80	5	0	5
Cebuano	885	270	610	105	35	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	15	5	10
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	50	15	35
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	15	5	10
Malay	705	265	440	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	5	0	5
Pangasinan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	15	5	10
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	285	155	130
Kannada	240	130	110	20	15	10
Malayalam	440	235	205	40	15	20
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	105	60	50
Telugu	570	345	230	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	50	25	25
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	850	335	515	55	30	30
Latvian	290	120	175	25	10	10
Lithuanian	555	215	340	35	15	15
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	80	45	35	5	5	0
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	50	25	25
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	20	10	10
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	75	35	40
Czech	1,465	690	775	55	25	25
Macedonian	205	105	95	15	10	5
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	230	105	125
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	880	440	435
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	35	15	20
Slovak	1,040	455	585	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	15	10	10
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	0	0	0
Celtic languages	155	95	60	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	15	5	10
Welsh	40	20	20	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	0	5	0
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	125	60	65	50	30	25
Danish	395	190	200	125	55	75
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	885	470	410
Frisian	10	10	0	35	25	10
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	65	30	35	5	0	0
Norwegian	200	100	100	40	25	20
Swedish	555	255	300	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	20	10	10
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	5	0	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	1,175	655	525
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	205	120	85
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	75	40	30
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	225	135	95
Kashmiri	20	15	5	0	0	0
Konkani	110	60	55	10	5	5
Marathi	255	145	110	50	20	25
Nepali	1,505	740	765	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	125	75	50
Sindhi	330	160	165	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	30	15	15
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	240	140	100
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	655	355	305
Kurdish	985	550	430	55	30	25
Pashto	1,285	680	610	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	320	170	150	5	5	0
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	400	225	175
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	260	130	130
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	485	250	240
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	5	0	0
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	0	0	0
Georgian	170	80	90	0	0	0
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	5	5	0
Mongolian	195	80	115	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	25	10	10
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	60	35	25
Edo	75	45	30	0	0	0
Ewe	730	400	325	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	40	30	15
Ga	80	40	40	5	5	5
Ganda	35	15	20	10	0	0
Igbo	120	70	50	30	20	10
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	40	20	20
Shona	85	45	40	20	10	10
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	135	65	70
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	25	20	10
Yoruba	255	155	100	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	5	0	0
Dinka	5	5	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	5	0	0
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	145	75	70
American Sign Language	65	35	30	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	440	225	210
Hakka	470	215	260	20	10	10
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	20	10	15	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	30	15	15
Burmese	80	30	50	0	0	5
Karenic languages	70	40	30	25	15	10
Tibetan	110	65	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	60	15	50
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	5	0	0
Thai	765	180	585	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	5	5	5
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	75	50	30
Uyghur	205	100	105	0	0	0
Uzbek	145	70	75	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	10	5	5
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	250	115	135
Estonian	195	75	120	20	5	10
Finnish	360	125	240	45	15	30
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	25	10	10
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	0	5	0
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	0	0	0
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	0	0	0
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	20	10	10
Bilen	5	0	5	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	520	230	290	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	340	150	185	20	10	10
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	130	60	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	205	95	105	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	5	5	0
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	510	235	270
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	230	100	125	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	0	0	0
Ilocano	740	305	435	0	0	0
Malagasy	360	185	170	5	0	5
Malay	175	85	95	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	0	0	5
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	110	60	45
Kannada	150	85	65	5	0	0
Malayalam	200	100	100	20	5	10
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	35	20	20
Telugu	330	190	135	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	1,615	795	820	30	15	10
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	975	505	470
Baltic languages	190	80	105	35	20	15
Latvian	75	40	40	10	5	5
Lithuanian	115	40	70	25	15	10
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	935	480	455
Belarusan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	25	15	10
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	5	5	0
Croatian	1,015	475	545	25	10	15
Czech	460	220	240	5	0	5
Macedonian	130	65	65	0	0	0
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	55	25	30
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	620	320	305
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	5	5	5
Slovak	245	120	130	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	0	5
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	640	320	320
Afrikaans	15	10	10	35	15	20
Danish	50	25	25	5	5	5
Dutch	375	170	205	150	80	75
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	425	215	210
Icelandic	30	15	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	10	5	0	5
Swedish	105	50	60	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	10	5	5
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	655	335	325
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	130	70	60
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	40	15	20
Hindi	1,535	790	745	115	60	50
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	5	5	0
Marathi	80	40	40	20	10	10
Nepali	1,355	655	700	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	50	25	25
Sindhi	135	65	75	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	5	5	5
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	140	75	70
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	470	255	220
Kurdish	510	280	235	35	25	10
Pashto	925	460	465	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	1,305	705	600
Catalan	110	50	60	5	5	0
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	85	40	45
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	110	50	60
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	290	145	140
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	1,050	425	620	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	5	0	0
Mongolian	145	70	75	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	10	5	10
Bamanankan	265	135	125	20	15	5
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	140	60	80	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	10	10	5
Ga	15	5	10	5	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	5	5	0
Lingala	625	270	355	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	10	5	5
Shona	20	10	10	5	0	5
Swahili	1,100	535	565	80	35	45
Wolof	1,035	555	480	5	5	0
Yoruba	55	25	25	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	200	115	85
American Sign Language	90	35	50	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	260	130	130
Hakka	155	75	80	5	0	0
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	25	15	10
Burmese	35	15	20	5	0	0
Karenic languages	65	40	30	20	10	10
Tibetan	70	45	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	10	0	5
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	0	0	0
Thai	225	90	135	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	0	0	0
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	25	15	5
Uyghur	140	75	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	50	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	70	35	40
Estonian	30	10	20	5	0	0
Finnish	50	20	30	5	5	5
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	0	0	0
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	180	90	90
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	300	160	145
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	10	0	10
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	775	385	385	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	0	0	10
Woods Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	10	0	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	15	15	0
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	10	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	80	40	35
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	15	10	0
Bilen	35	20	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	30	10	0	0	0
Somali	1,460	680	780	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	1,145	540	600	165	100	65
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	435	205	230
Maltese	40	10	25	0	10	0
Tigrigna	420	195	225	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	10	0	0
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	105	45	60	10	0	10
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	185	70	115
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	35	10	30
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	50	10	45
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	25	10	15
Malay	1,210	525	690	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	0	0	0
Pangasinan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	20	15	0
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	435	245	195
Kannada	415	210	205	60	30	25
Malayalam	510	285	220	55	35	25
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	190	115	75
Telugu	930	540	390	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	80	45	35
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	55	40	20
Latvian	335	150	185	20	10	10
Lithuanian	755	350	410	30	20	10
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	365	150	215	10	0	0
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	75	40	40
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	45	15	35
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	95	45	55
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	115	65	45
Macedonian	285	140	145	35	25	10
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	320	165	160
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	1,200	630	570
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	40	30	10
Slovak	1,520	705	820	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	15	10	0
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	10	10	10
Celtic languages	495	305	195	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	95	20	75
Welsh	85	45	40	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	40	20	20
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	415	260	150	130	70	60
Danish	835	410	420	155	60	95
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	1,185	560	625
Frisian	15	10	0	50	40	15
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	140	80	60	10	10	0
Norwegian	510	255	255	130	65	65
Swedish	1,580	785	795	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	40	20	25
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	0	0	0
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	1,570	875	695
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	225	150	80
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	110	45	65
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	790	430	355
Kashmiri	45	35	15	0	0	0
Konkani	150	70	75	0	0	0
Marathi	475	240	230	55	20	30
Nepali	1,445	725	720	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	205	130	75
Sindhi	500	240	255	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	35	10	20
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	355	215	140
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	805	430	375
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	130	65	60
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	890	525	365	15	10	0
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	825	405	420
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	450	250	200
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	555	290	265
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	10	0	10
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	0	0	0
Georgian	215	105	110	0	0	0
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	10	10	10
Mongolian	265	135	130	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	35	15	25
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	155	70	85
Edo	190	95	95	0	0	0
Ewe	1,410	865	545	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	100	85	15
Ga	315	155	160	10	10	0
Ganda	90	40	55	10	10	0
Igbo	275	190	90	60	50	15
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	70	40	30
Shona	150	75	80	40	15	25
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	355	185	170
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	70	45	25
Yoruba	885	485	395	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	0	0	0
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	675	245	435	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	610	285	320
Hakka	545	240	310	0	0	0
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	70	30	40
Burmese	140	75	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages	105	55	45	65	25	45
Tibetan	65	50	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	85	20	65
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	10	0	10
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	0	0	0
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	165	105	60
Uyghur	230	110	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	230	105	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	10	0	10
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	270	130	140
Estonian	150	55	95	20	15	0
Finnish	500	195	305	35	15	20
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	55	20	30
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	215	85	130
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	115	85	30
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	80	40	45
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	170	70	100
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	120	85	40
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	160	50	110
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	715	355	360
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	100	55	50
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	60	35	25
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	760	425	340
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	1,615	740	880
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	95	60	40
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	160	75	85
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	210	125	85
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	975	505	465
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	195	90	100
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	130	85	45
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	485	245	240
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	30	25	10
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	970	455	515
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	165	90	75
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	120	75	45
Ethiopia	995	495	495	120	65	60
Kenya	785	355	430	60	30	30
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	200	120	75
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	115	65	50
Somalia	580	270	310	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	1,615	885	725
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	20	10	0
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	120	60	55
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	490	260	230
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	70	25	45
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	390	225	165
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	225	130	95
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	80	25	55
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	900	430	475
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	20	10	10
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	40	20	15
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	10	10	10
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	45	15	30
Jamaica	190	140	55	40	25	10
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	110	45	70
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	1,405	695	710
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	300	165	130
Germany	580	250	330	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	25	10	20
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	245	130	120
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	90	35	55
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	280	105	180
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	975	550	425
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	15	20	0
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	10	0	0
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	40	20	20
Eritrea	50	30	20	35	15	25
Ethiopia	125	65	60	45	20	25
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	40	30	10
Nigeria	540	280	260	40	15	25
Somalia	95	40	50	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	35	20	15
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	455	265	185
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	0	0	0
Bangladesh	860	455	405	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	10	10	0
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	255	130	125
Iraq	985	465	515	45	20	25
Israel	645	390	255	200	90	110
Japan	330	30	295	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	600	290	310
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	130	75	55
Nepal	360	165	195	45	15	35
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	70	40	30
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	170	60	105	10	0	0
Turkey	585	300	285	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	30	20	10
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	40	25	15
Australia	190	120	70	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	1,285	650	635
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	730	415	320
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	1,685	885	800
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	830	420	410
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	65	40	25
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	0	0	10
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	20	20	0
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	125	45	85
Cornish	70	35	40	45	25	20
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	200	105	95	45	40	10
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	15	10	0
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	55	30	30
Corsican	1,270	690	580	0	0	0
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	40	30	20	0	0	0
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	1,470	650	815
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	1,345	660	685	100	65	40
Frisian	15	20	0	40	25	15
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	910	445	460	0	10	0
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	465	235	225
Icelandic	955	480	470	250	135	115
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	155	60	100
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	85	45	40
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	175	80	100
Estonian	890	460	435	100	35	60
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	1,280	615	665
Latvian	1,740	835	905	185	105	80
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	325	165	160
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	35	20	15
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	945	485	460
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	250	130	125
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	70	25	45
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	120	65	55
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	120	65	55
Catalan	735	395	340	10	10	0
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	310	120	190
Cypriot	480	240	245	30	20	10
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	950	485	465
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	505	295	210	0	0	0
Macedonian	775	400	370	80	35	45
Maltese	1,220	615	610	115	45	65
Montenegrin	450	250	200	20	20	0
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	1,785	840	945
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	130	90	35
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	15	10	0
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	130	60	60
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	20	10	10
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	1,805	960	840
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	90	50	40
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	380	170	205	0	0	0
Bahamian	430	205	225	35	15	15
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	100	60	40
Bermudan	115	50	65	130	40	90
Carib	405	150	255	10	0	0
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	235	135	100
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	80	35	40
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	35	20	15
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	305	140	160
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	10	10	0
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	85	40	40
St. Lucian	860	450	405	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	65	40	25
Arawak	180	60	120	0	0	0
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	30	10	20
Belizean	80	40	40	0	0	10
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	55	35	20
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	60	15	45
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	95	40	55
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	265	105	160
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	30	20	10
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	125	40	85
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	115	50	70
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	75	35	35
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	50	20	25
Maya	1,670	935	735	90	45	45
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	20	20	0
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	15	15	0
Paraguayan	365	155	205	0	0	0
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	90	45	45
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	135	95	40
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	10	0	0
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	110	65	50
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	630	325	310	20	10	10
Angolan	875	425	450	25	10	10
Ashanti	120	90	35	0	0	0
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	0	10	0
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	75	50	30
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	150	110	40
Chadian	1,045	525	520	0	0	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	415	250	165
Edo	110	60	45	10	0	0
Ewe	460	265	200	0	0	0
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	15	10	0
Gambian	150	95	55	0	0	0
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	90	55	35
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	175	125	50
Ibo	185	95	95	80	55	25
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	60	30	30
Liberian	150	60	90	80	45	35
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	125	55	65
Malinké	635	340	295	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	230	115	115
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	40	25	20
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	20	0	20
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	40	20	25
Wolof	660	390	270	0	0	0
Yoruba	460	225	235	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	225	135	90
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	1,200	705	495
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	190	90	90
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	180	105	70
Coptic	685	385	305	0	0	0
Dinka	15	10	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	210	130	80
Libyan	1,075	590	485	185	85	100
Maure	530	290	240	0	0	0
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	365	255	115
Sudanese	370	220	150	15	10	10
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	115	75	40	0	0	0
Amhara	65	30	35	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	30	25	0
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	105	55	50
Djiboutian	450	205	245	0	0	0
Eritrean	580	290	290	115	80	40
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	180	105	70
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	530	270	260	10	0	0
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	60	20	35
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	0	10	0
Oromo	20	15	10	30	10	20
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	105	50	55
Seychellois	775	345	425	10	0	10
Somali	1,785	865	915	30	25	0
South African	900	490	420	225	95	130
Tanzanian	325	190	140	0	0	0
Tigrian	95	35	55	0	0	0
Ugandan	290	135	160	25	15	15
Zambian	45	20	25	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	60	30	30
Zulu	70	35	35	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	80	40	40
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	590	300	295
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	115	60	50
Assyrian	370	205	165	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	10	0	10
Georgian	635	295	345	10	10	10
Hazara	385	190	200	0	0	0
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	665	365	305
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	105	50	55
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	175	85	90
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	180	105	75
Kazakh	620	295	325	0	10	0
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	0	0	0
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	75	40	30
Pashtun	515	280	235	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	85	65	20
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	1,685	865	825
Tajik	390	180	210	0	0	0
Tatar	910	430	485	25	10	15
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	235	150	85
Turkmen	65	45	25	10	15	0
Uighur	375	185	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	465	210	255	40	25	10
Yemeni	805	450	355	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	50	35	15
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	150	95	55
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	50	40	10
Bhutanese	420	205	215	35	20	15
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	210	105	110	0	0	0
Gujarati	420	205	215	0	0	0
Kashmiri	260	155	105	10	0	0
Nepali	930	460	470	160	75	90
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	255	160	100
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	45	35	15
Sinhalese	310	135	175	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	100	45	55
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	530	270	255	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	60	30	30
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	100	30	65
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	305	115	185
Karen	95	55	40	65	30	35
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	1,675	875	795
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	0	10	0
Malaysian	645	300	340	30	15	15
Mongolian	960	470	485	45	30	15
Singaporean	105	65	40	10	10	0
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	60	30	30
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	100	30	70
Tibetan	80	45	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	115	65	45
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	470	210	260
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	290	120	165
New Zealander	490	245	245	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	55	30	20
Fijian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Hawaiian	60	40	20	30	10	15
Maori	90	55	35	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	10	0	10
Samoan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	420	95	325
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	500	365	140
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	6,465	6,135	325
Other	1,055	375	680	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	1,460	860	595
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	335	70	260
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	395	270	120
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	5,115	4,835	285
Other	890	300	595	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	920	285	635
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	1,105	550	555
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	660	370	290
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	875	260	615
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	1,025	475	550
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	525	300	225
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	1,210	800	405
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	0	0	0
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	160	105	50
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	170	95	80
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	275	130	145	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	30	10	20
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	0	0	0
Russian	735	340	395	25	10	15
Serbian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	0	0	0
Bengali	110	70	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	85	50	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	700	395	305	35	25	10
Kurdish	15	0	15	15	15	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	65	35	25
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	0	0	0
Portuguese	635	365	270	0	0	0
Romanian	320	140	175	0	0	0
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	30	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	365	185	175
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	360	185	175
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	0	0	0
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	475	240	235
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	1,475	830	645
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	0	0	0
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	55	20	35
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 27, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and New Brunswick [Province]