Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Manitoba [Province]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Manitoba [Province] Map : Manitoba [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,278,365	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,208,268	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.8	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	539,748	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	489,050	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.3	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552,370.99	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,278,365	631,400	646,970	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	243,820	125,110	118,710	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	81,065	41,710	39,355	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	83,375	42,565	40,805	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	79,380	40,835	38,545	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	835,580	417,260	418,320	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	82,440	42,555	39,890	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	86,760	44,465	42,295	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	86,695	43,570	43,125	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	85,185	42,210	42,975	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	81,105	39,885	41,215	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	79,325	39,530	39,795	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	79,350	39,220	40,130	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	89,840	44,485	45,355	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	87,765	43,555	44,210	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	77,110	37,780	39,325	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	198,965	89,025	109,945	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	64,905	31,280	33,625	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	45,980	21,940	24,040	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	33,555	15,250	18,305	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	25,315	10,740	14,575	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	29,210	9,810	19,395	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	17,335	6,460	10,875	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	8,945	2,710	6,230	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	2,520	580	1,940	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	415	60	350	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.8	18.3	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.1	64.7	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	15.6	14.1	17.0	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.2	38.2	40.2	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	38.3	37.2	39.4	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	331,420	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	39,080	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	108,120	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	15,865	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	17,225	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,065	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	67,205	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	755	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10,435	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	135,500	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	164,880	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	71,065	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	66,675	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	50,930	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,240,700	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,034,545	506,280	528,260	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	593,615	297,280	296,335	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	503,390	252,210	251,175	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	90,230	45,075	45,155	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	440,925	209,000	231,930	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	300,415	162,440	137,980	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	24,845	11,080	13,765	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	54,860	22,780	32,080	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	60,805	12,700	48,100	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	346,160	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	171,435	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	71,630	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	65,500	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	37,600	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	346,160	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	287,200	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	242,100	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	45,100	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	58,960	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	45,930	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	13,025	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	287,205	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	137,135	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	150,070	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	55,730	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	59,965	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	34,375	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	58,960	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	34,305	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	15,895	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	8,765	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	212,415	104,435	107,980	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	323,125	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	130,475	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	192,650	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	11,110	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	154,815	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	135,495	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	19,315	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	1,135,395	566,980	568,410	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	1,485	680	800	1,810	820	985
English and French	108,460	49,205	59,255	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	16,285	7,235	9,050	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	1,203,025	596,475	606,550	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	39,200	18,880	20,325	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	3,545	1,755	1,790	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	15,840	6,985	8,860	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,975	19,760	21,215	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.2	3.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,261,620	624,095	637,520	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	1,230,115	608,820	621,300	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	941,130	468,430	472,705	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	900,610	448,960	451,645	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	40,520	19,465	21,055	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	288,985	140,395	148,590	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	29,710	14,265	15,440	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	28,070	13,505	14,565	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	5	0	5	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,820	7,085	7,740	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	5	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	5	20	10	0	10
Plains Cree	70	25	40	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	745	305	440	25	15	10
Woods Cree	65	20	40	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	13,915	6,725	7,195	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	10	5	10
Malecite	0	5	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	0	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	13,235	6,410	6,825	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	6,730	3,180	3,550	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	6,505	3,235	3,265	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	815	375	445	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	815	380	440	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	810	375	435	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	80	20	60	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	65	20	45	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	80	40	40	35	20	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	5	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	630	305	330	45	25	20
Dakota	630	305	325	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	5	5	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	259,280	126,130	133,155	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	10,700	5,580	5,120	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	40	25	15	115	75	45
Kabyle	35	15	10	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	1,750	875	875	1,505	765	740
Bilen	155	85	70	5	0	0
Oromo	345	175	170	205	115	95
Somali	1,245	610	640	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	20	10	15
Semitic languages	8,840	4,640	4,200	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	1,770	885	885	1,370	670	700
Arabic	4,695	2,500	2,190	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	440	245	200
Harari	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	545	320	225	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	40	20	25	215	100	115
Tigrigna	1,770	905	865	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,180	1,970	2,205	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	280	135	145	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	3,895	1,840	2,060	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	52,905	24,685	28,220	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	175	80	95	375	165	215
Cebuano	1,245	565	675	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	35	15	15	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	390	170	220	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	1,365	630	730	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	0	0	5	20	10	15
Malay	175	65	105	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	655	315	340	700	320	380
Pangasinan	135	65	70	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	48,530	22,670	25,855	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	50	30	25	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	150	70	85	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	570	275	305	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	290	140	145	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265	120	145	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	1,565	825	735	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	95	50	40	280	150	135
Malayalam	790	410	380	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	480	255	230	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	195	115	80	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	158,350	77,605	80,750	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	350	170	180	1,465	765	705
Armenian	65	35	30	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	34,450	15,845	18,605	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	165	65	95	1,070	485	585
Latvian	80	35	45	565	255	300
Lithuanian	85	35	45	505	225	280
Slavic languages	34,280	15,775	18,510	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	40	20	25	95	45	50
Bosnian	575	285	290	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	140	70	65	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	1,030	505	530	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	615	310	310	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	145	70	75	325	160	165
Polish	6,455	2,905	3,545	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	9,130	4,495	4,640	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	655	335	320	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	240	110	130	1,395	670	725
Slovak	405	175	225	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	270	130	140	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	14,505	6,325	8,180	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	345	175	170
Celtic languages	115	60	55	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	50	25	20	240	130	110
Welsh	60	30	30	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	95	50	45
Germanic languages	68,670	33,310	35,360	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	420	220	205	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	280	145	135	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	2,675	1,335	1,335	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	55	30	25	295	145	145
German	63,825	30,940	32,890	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	475	210	260	275	135	145
Norwegian	115	45	65	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	135	70	70	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	310	125	180	445	220	225
Yiddish	355	175	180	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	65	45	25
Greek	1,285	665	615	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	32,325	17,135	15,195	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	29,520	15,700	13,820	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	1,170	675	495	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	3,115	1,660	1,455	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	2,270	1,215	1,060	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	5	5	5	65	35	25
Konkani	35	20	15	255	130	125
Marathi	135	80	50	620	325	295
Nepali	720	355	365	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,320	9,650	8,670	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	60	30	30	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	670	345	320	1,675	845	830
Urdu	3,015	1,655	1,355	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	2,705	1,365	1,335	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	415	210	200	1,765	945	825
Pashto	275	130	150	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	2,020	1,030	990	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	21,100	10,385	10,710	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	0	0	5	160	85	75
Italian	3,840	1,910	1,930	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	6,585	3,190	3,390	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	645	310	335	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	10,005	4,965	5,040	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	105	65	40
Japanese	540	185	350	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	85	50	35
Georgian	15	5	5	85	50	40
Korean	3,760	1,810	1,950	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	360	150	205
Mongolian	20	5	15	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	3,895	1,965	1,930	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	150	90	65	495	275	220
Bamanankan	75	25	45	10	5	5
Edo	40	20	15	85	50	35
Ewe	30	20	10	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	35	30	45	25	20
Ga	15	10	5	45	20	25
Ganda	50	20	30	90	45	45
Igbo	280	155	130	245	145	105
Lingala	75	30	40	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	135	60	65	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	250	125	120	155	70	80
Shona	110	50	60	215	100	115
Swahili	870	420	455	805	400	405
Wolof	75	50	25	50	25	25
Yoruba	1,030	525	505	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	640	315	325	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	215	180	340	175	165
Dinka	175	90	80	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	125	100	240	115	125
Sign languages	440	230	210	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	240	125	115	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	195	100	95	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,880	9,320	9,565	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	18,305	9,025	9,280	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	6,625	3,140	3,485	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	55	30	25	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	10,170	5,110	5,060	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	5	5	0	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	325	150	165	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	55	50	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,010	530	475	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	575	295	285	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	85	50	30	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	430	215	220	815	395	425
Tibetan	10	5	5	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	1,120	525	595	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	875	445	430	1,100	550	550
Thai	240	85	165	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	340	190	150	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	530	290	235
Turkish	210	120	95	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	10	5	10	170	85	85
Uzbek	40	25	15	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	190	80	110
Uralic languages	1,440	655	790	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	30	10	15	705	295	410
Finnish	225	85	135	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	1,185	550	635	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	155	85	70	500	280	225
Multiple responses	31,505	15,280	16,220	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	4,365	2,140	2,230	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	25,965	12,530	13,440	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	695	380	315	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	470	230	245	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,261,620	624,100	637,520	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	1,197,145	593,020	604,120	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	1,052,345	521,280	531,065	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	1,035,475	513,465	522,010	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	16,865	7,815	9,055	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	144,800	71,740	73,060	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	15,770	8,020	7,750	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	15,070	7,675	7,390	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	7,570	3,860	3,715	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	5	5	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	120	45	75	0	0	0
Woods Cree	15	10	5	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	7,415	3,790	3,620	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	7,495	3,820	3,675	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	2,505	1,280	1,225	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	4,990	2,545	2,455	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	635	305	330	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	630	305	330	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	15	5	10	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	10	5	10	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	35	25	10	15	10	5
Dakota	35	25	10	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	129,035	63,725	65,310	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,875	3,475	3,400	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	20	15	5	45	25	20
Kabyle	15	10	0	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	1,185	550	630	770	355	415
Bilen	120	65	55	0	0	0
Oromo	210	95	115	90	50	45
Somali	845	385	460	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	5,650	2,895	2,750	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	1,045	520	525	600	275	320
Arabic	3,105	1,600	1,505	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	165	145
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	355	195	160	900	465	440
Maltese	10	5	5	15	5	10
Tigrigna	1,135	580	555	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,900	1,370	1,530	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	800	375	420
Vietnamese	2,775	1,315	1,460	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	27,215	13,065	14,155	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	30	15	15	75	30	35
Cebuano	495	250	245	1,305	585	715
Fijian	15	5	10	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	125	55	75	415	175	240
Ilocano	390	190	200	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	5	10
Malay	55	25	30	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	245	120	130	150	70	80
Pangasinan	30	15	15	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,790	12,375	13,420	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	310	150	160
Creole languages	290	120	165	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	165	75	85	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	800	400	400	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	45	25	25	110	55	60
Malayalam	405	195	205	1,225	615	605
Tamil	240	120	120	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	110	60	50	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	70,820	35,325	35,495	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	155	80	75	695	335	360
Armenian	20	10	5	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	11,685	5,670	6,015	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	25	10	15	210	90	115
Latvian	15	5	5	80	30	50
Lithuanian	10	5	5	125	60	65
Slavic languages	11,660	5,660	6,000	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	0	5	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	285	145	140	595	300	300
Bulgarian	65	30	30	1,035	485	550
Croatian	320	145	180	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	115	55	60	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	85	35	45	150	75	75
Polish	2,010	910	1,105	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	5,530	2,780	2,745	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	335	170	170	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	500	235	265
Slovak	70	35	35	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	20	30	145	65	85
Ukrainian	2,690	1,285	1,405	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	40	20	20
Celtic languages	20	15	10	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	35	20	10
Welsh	10	5	5	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	25,825	12,700	13,125	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	200	100	100	1,475	715	760
Danish	10	5	5	305	145	160
Dutch	270	135	130	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	10	5	5	10	5	5
German	24,795	12,185	12,615	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	35	15	20	75	35	35
Norwegian	10	5	5	140	60	80
Swedish	10	5	5	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	50	30	20
Yiddish	10	5	5	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	225	15	5	5
Greek	535	255	280	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	22,810	11,920	10,890	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	21,010	11,055	9,950	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	690	390	305	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	2,100	1,095	1,005	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	1,335	715	620	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	10	5	5	40	25	25
Marathi	40	25	20	270	140	130
Nepali	540	265	280	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,000	7,330	6,670	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	30	10	15	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	360	190	170	675	330	340
Urdu	1,895	1,035	860	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	1,755	835	920	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	275	135	140	1,080	540	535
Pashto	165	70	95	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	1,315	635	685	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	9,765	4,670	5,090	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	0	0	0	65	35	35
Italian	1,035	450	590	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	2,800	1,305	1,500	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	235	110	125	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	5,695	2,810	2,885	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Japanese	175	75	105	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	10	5	0	30	15	10
Georgian	10	5	5	30	15	15
Korean	2,915	1,430	1,490	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	5	0	5	170	80	90
Mongolian	5	5	5	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	1,410	695	720	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	45	30	20	150	80	65
Bamanankan	15	5	5	5	5	5
Edo	5	5	0	15	10	10
Ewe	5	5	5	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	15	20	5	10
Ga	5	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	5	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	75	40	35	40	20	15
Lingala	40	20	20	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	35	35	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	55	50	60	25	35
Shona	10	5	10	65	25	40
Swahili	500	240	265	200	90	115
Wolof	25	20	10	20	10	10
Yoruba	345	175	170	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	125	50	75	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	140	60	75
Dinka	80	35	45	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	85	30	55
Sign languages	560	310	255	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	255	135	120	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	305	170	135	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,910	6,920	6,985	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	13,445	6,685	6,765	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	4,455	2,105	2,350	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	25	10	15	700	295	410
Mandarin	8,080	4,105	3,975	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	5	0	0	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	65	70	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	675	365	315	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	235	225	1,745	885	865
Burmese	55	30	25	720	375	350
Karenic languages	370	190	180	725	355	370
Tibetan	5	0	5	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	535	250	280	1,380	595	785
Lao	430	210	220	460	225	235
Thai	105	40	65	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	135	70	65	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	10	5	10	195	105	95
Turkish	65	35	35	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	35	20	15	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	40	20	25
Uralic languages	305	140	165	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	0	0	0	95	40	55
Finnish	35	15	15	725	325	400
Hungarian	270	125	145	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	145	70	75
Multiple responses	64,475	31,080	33,400	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	3,090	1,440	1,645	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	60,090	28,995	31,090	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	415	215	205	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	885	420	455	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,261,615	624,095	637,520	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	1,079,050	535,990	543,065	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	76,350	37,795	38,550	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	20,200	9,130	11,075	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	83,315	39,860	43,455	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	16,105	7,590	8,515	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	67,215	32,275	34,940	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	305	150	150	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	1,610	815	790	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	770	345	420	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,001,305	491,590	509,715	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,035	467,790	486,250	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,188	40,379	29,220	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	954,205	467,820	486,390	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,465	35,150	26,561	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	859,545	431,145	428,400	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,592	39,229	26,692	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	701,840	309,530	392,310	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,268	1,890	5,434	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	722,785	374,850	347,935	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,677	39,365	28,679	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	953,960	467,575	486,385	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,767	51,068	36,747	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	954,175	467,605	486,565	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,957	41,013	31,097	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	859,575	431,035	428,540	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,776	50,803	34,704	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	701,830	308,940	392,890	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,099	6,411	7,640	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	722,785	374,535	348,250	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,551	49,417	35,168	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	1,001,310	491,580	509,725	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	350,580	201,335	149,245	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,026	54,580	44,818	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	59,523	65,410	51,581	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.0	91.7	83.1	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.6	77.4	68.6	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.0	8.3	16.9	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	1,001,310	491,585	509,720	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	47,270	23,800	23,470	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	954,040	467,790	486,245	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	137,700	62,550	75,150	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	150,320	58,320	91,995	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	136,510	54,950	81,560	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	123,685	55,805	67,885	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	109,710	54,650	55,060	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	80,625	45,170	35,460	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	58,785	35,250	23,535	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	43,365	26,465	16,895	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	34,000	20,100	13,905	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	21,980	13,545	8,440	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	57,355	40,985	16,370	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	40,870	28,585	12,285	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	16,490	12,395	4,090	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,001,305	491,585	509,720	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	47,100	23,770	23,330	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	954,205	467,820	486,390	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.2	95.4	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	142,035	63,525	78,510	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	161,865	63,410	98,460	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	165,880	68,985	96,895	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	153,680	73,335	80,350	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	116,415	63,755	52,660	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	78,105	46,940	31,160	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	53,870	32,165	21,705	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	31,690	19,680	12,010	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	50,655	36,025	14,630	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	18,025	12,260	5,760	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	10,325	7,305	3,015	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	22,305	16,460	5,850	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	1,001,305	491,590	509,720	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	278,525	116,740	161,775	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	722,785	374,845	347,940	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	72.2	76.3	68.3	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	90,045	42,675	47,375	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	54,560	23,875	30,690	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	94,460	41,920	52,535	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	89,540	39,650	49,895	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	88,340	41,905	46,440	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	77,755	40,205	37,550	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	58,900	34,355	24,550	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	44,085	27,115	16,970	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	34,450	21,375	13,075	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	90,650	61,780	28,865	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	28,365	16,860	11,505	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	17,635	11,355	6,275	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	44,650	33,560	11,095	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,147	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,093	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	135,495	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,846	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,538	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	353,550	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,532	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	72,688	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	85,373	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	70,154	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	135,440	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,208	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,503	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	353,605	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,140	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	83,044	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	489,050	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	9,250	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,175	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,450	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,260	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	21,395	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	19,035	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	21,090	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	21,745	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	21,605	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	21,225	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	40,240	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	37,910	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	34,275	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,555	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	27,215	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	144,620	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	52,495	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,595	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	34,670	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	22,865	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	489,050	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	9,725	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	8,315	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	11,860	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	19,325	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	24,370	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	22,665	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25,915	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	26,725	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25,965	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25,290	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	48,610	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	44,280	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	38,890	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	32,370	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	26,890	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	97,850	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	46,355	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,795	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	26,705	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	341,205	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	84,441	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,563	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	127,580	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,103	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,596	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	150,585	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,902	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,307	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	52,215	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,922	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,048	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	341,235	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,410	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	83,132	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	127,710	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,583	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,743	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	150,695	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,176	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,399	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	52,130	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,006	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,307	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	175,270	86,935	88,335	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,927	35,568	30,818	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,429	31,130	28,062	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	174,945	86,380	88,565	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,853	43,332	38,434	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,961	35,291	32,663	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	687,930	332,640	355,290	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	151,750	74,825	76,930	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	135,485	62,035	73,450	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	135,395	64,805	70,590	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	132,755	65,185	67,575	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	132,540	65,790	66,750	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	552,770	281,805	270,965	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	127,575	64,305	63,265	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	123,505	62,770	60,735	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	116,805	59,460	57,350	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	104,820	53,835	50,980	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	80,070	41,435	38,640	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,175,720	581,585	594,135	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	260,905	134,075	126,830	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	85,935	44,240	41,695	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	737,035	365,965	371,070	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	177,780	81,540	96,235	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	180,880	85,185	95,690	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,390	27,790	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	21,325	10,970	10,355	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	98,920	46,630	52,285	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	24,785	9,165	15,615	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	14.6	16.1	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	21.9	21.9	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	24.8	24.8	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	12.7	14.1	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	13.9	11.2	16.2	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	115,965	56,255	59,705	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	33,260	17,040	16,220	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	12,310	6,325	5,985	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	73,655	35,895	37,760	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	9,045	3,325	5,725	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	9.7	10.0	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.7	12.8	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.4	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.2	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	1,224,985	607,375	617,605	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	1,223,665	606,760	616,905	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	108,560	49,435	59,130	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	340,250	165,150	175,100	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	40,465	19,410	21,050	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	38,305	18,375	19,930	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	10	0	10	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	20,975	10,025	10,955	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	10	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	85	25	55	10	0	10
Plains Cree	190	90	100	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,140	505	640	55	25	30
Woods Cree	130	65	65	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	19,435	9,340	10,095	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	30	20	10
Malecite	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	17,710	8,520	9,185	310	100	205
Algonquin	10	0	0	20	0	15
Ojibway	9,685	4,560	5,125	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	8,045	3,975	4,070	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,120	525	595	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,110	520	590	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	1,110	520	595	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	110	55	55	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	10	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	80	35	45	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	15	10	10	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	10	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	210	115	95	110	50	60
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	10	0	10	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	760	365	395	55	20	35
Dakota	760	360	400	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	10	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	299,900	145,795	154,110	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	15,730	8,320	7,410	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	85	50	40	145	95	45
Kabyle	45	25	20	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	50	35	10	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	2,300	1,195	1,105	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	210	120	85	20	10	15
Oromo	535	275	260	245	140	110
Somali	1,550	790	760	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	10	0	10
Semitic languages	13,685	7,300	6,390	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	2,475	1,370	1,105	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	6,650	3,590	3,055	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	570	285	285
Harari	0	10	0	55	35	20
Hebrew	3,370	1,735	1,635	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	65	30	35	315	155	155
Tigrigna	2,225	1,175	1,050	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	155	80	80	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,230	2,545	2,685	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	335	185	150	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	4,905	2,370	2,535	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	65,305	30,220	35,090	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	225	100	125	530	215	310
Cebuano	1,615	805	810	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	65	35	30	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	425	180	245	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	1,875	880	990	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	375	180	195	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	945	415	530	855	365	495
Pangasinan	205	100	110	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	64,165	29,640	34,520	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	115	55	55	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	80	120	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	1,310	605	705	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	635	310	315	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	680	305	375	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	1,840	945	895	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	175	95	80	510	250	265
Malayalam	830	400	430	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	655	330	325	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	255	150	110	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	175,950	86,435	89,510	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	390	195	195	1,640	840	795
Armenian	65	50	15	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	39,530	18,780	20,745	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	230	90	140	1,030	515	520
Latvian	115	45	70	555	290	265
Lithuanian	120	50	65	475	220	250
Slavic languages	39,360	18,720	20,640	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	65	25	45	245	115	125
Bosnian	835	405	430	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	155	95	60	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	1,595	765	825	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	735	335	395	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	140	75	60	400	220	185
Polish	7,655	3,625	4,035	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	13,455	6,715	6,740	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	870	470	400	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	190	75	115	1,525	770	750
Slovak	480	215	260	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	275	100	175	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	17,095	7,795	9,305	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	420	215	205
Celtic languages	225	125	100	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	90	65	25	660	395	265
Welsh	90	45	45	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	860	450	410
Germanic languages	68,285	33,250	35,035	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	715	330	385	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	270	120	150	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	3,120	1,555	1,565	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	90	65	30	465	230	240
German	61,760	30,170	31,600	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	560	225	335	405	210	195
Norwegian	290	115	175	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	270	125	150	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	270	120	155	545	270	275
Yiddish	545	235	315	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,490	1,285	1,205	155	95	60
Greek	2,010	1,015	1,000	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	38,760	20,480	18,280	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	35,830	18,990	16,835	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	1,520	885	635	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	3,905	2,065	1,840	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	12,900	6,900	6,000	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	20	15	10	60	30	25
Konkani	40	30	10	415	215	200
Marathi	275	170	105	1,475	780	695
Nepali	600	285	315	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	10	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,900	12,035	10,865	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	150	85	65	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	920	500	420	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	4,600	2,540	2,060	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	3,035	1,525	1,515	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	600	295	305	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	290	135	150	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	2,295	1,175	1,120	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	230	125	105	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	34,360	16,630	17,735	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	15	10	10	395	210	180
Italian	5,350	2,610	2,735	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	8,460	4,125	4,335	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	785	395	390	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	20,605	9,910	10,695	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	380	245	140
Japanese	1,160	550	605	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	10	0	15	115	55	60
Georgian	15	0	15	115	55	55
Korean	4,240	2,100	2,145	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	55	20	35	370	170	200
Mongolian	55	20	30	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	7,970	4,125	3,845	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	260	165	95	630	350	280
Bamanankan	160	95	65	30	20	15
Edo	95	60	30	145	80	60
Ewe	50	30	20	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	50	25	25	105	30	70
Ga	30	10	15	150	95	50
Ganda	230	110	120	165	80	85
Igbo	665	345	325	425	240	185
Lingala	655	315	345	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	205	105	105	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	155	155	290	125	165
Shona	250	110	140	415	220	195
Swahili	1,930	1,020	905	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	150	85	70	50	25	30
Yoruba	2,630	1,330	1,295	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,440	765	680	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	405	210	200
Dinka	180	105	75	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	325	155	165
Sign languages	2,670	985	1,685	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	1,710	625	1,090	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	975	365	610	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,130	10,490	10,650	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	20,475	10,185	10,285	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	8,310	3,920	4,390	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	50	30	20	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	12,825	6,460	6,365	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	480	230	250	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	185	95	85	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,115	600	510	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	675	310	370	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	185	115	70	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	465	200	265	955	485	465
Tibetan	0	0	0	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	60	80	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	1,565	730	835	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	1,120	520	600	1,630	735	890
Thai	575	270	305	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	510	250	265	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	50	25	30	945	510	435
Turkish	365	180	185	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	30	15	10	115	60	55
Uzbek	40	20	15	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	275	140	130
Uralic languages	1,550	730	815	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	45	20	25	780	350	425
Finnish	265	105	160	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	1,235	600	635	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	445	290	150	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,133,080	560,165	572,920	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	266,225	136,640	129,585	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	866,855	423,520	443,335	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	107,620	54,280	53,340	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,240,700	614,445	626,255	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	996,860	494,285	502,570	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	227,465	111,095	116,365	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	50,025	23,340	26,680	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	20,205	10,190	10,010	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	23,040	11,165	11,875	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	70,985	35,305	35,680	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	22,570	11,195	11,370	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	48,415	24,110	24,305	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	63,210	31,095	32,120	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	16,375	9,055	7,320	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	227,470	111,100	116,370	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	25,595	12,975	12,625	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	45,570	23,305	22,265	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	44,585	20,820	23,770	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	93,700	45,160	48,540	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	18,010	8,845	9,170	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	227,465	111,095	116,365	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	31,980	15,285	16,700	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	435	170	265	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	1,050	510	545	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	2,480	1,325	1,155	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	1,135	515	620	1,305	600	710
Haiti	155	75	80	570	250	315
Jamaica	1,810	835	970	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	6,655	3,330	3,320	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	235	85	150	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	1,505	785	720	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,100	3,100	4,000	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	9,425	4,550	4,875	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	56,705	27,815	28,890	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,055	530	525	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	975	445	535	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	795	425	365	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	10,390	5,215	5,175	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	820	445	375	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	815	435	375	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	650	310	340	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	2,755	1,405	1,350	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	2,250	1,185	1,060	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	5,280	2,455	2,820	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	4,380	2,170	2,210	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	720	345	375	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	4,245	2,035	2,210	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	355	175	175	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	4,765	2,250	2,515	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	11,665	5,655	6,015	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	4,790	2,325	2,470	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	17,975	9,495	8,485	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	115	60	55	485	310	175
Egypt	980	525	455	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	2,525	1,360	1,165	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	935	470	465	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	250	140	110	985	535	455
Nigeria	3,820	2,070	1,750	1,740	925	815
Somalia	755	350	415	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	975	465	505	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	7,630	4,055	3,570	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	120,230	58,215	62,015	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	615	285	330	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	880	475	400	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	9,250	4,460	4,790	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,460	715	735	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	21,990	11,395	10,595	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,180	655	530	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	860	460	400	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	225	70	150	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,880	1,415	1,470	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	265	165	100	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	3,125	1,675	1,450	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	61,950	28,800	33,150	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	1,015	515	505	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	805	390	410	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	215	110	110	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	4,225	2,035	2,185	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	9,285	4,590	4,695	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	575	290	280	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	63,210	31,095	32,115	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	4,130	1,840	2,290	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	100	35	65	1,145	525	615
Colombia	185	70	120	580	250	325
Cuba	75	25	55	140	60	80
Haiti	15	10	0	35	35	10
Jamaica	340	175	165	625	355	265
Mexico	875	415	465	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	970	445	525	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	75	30	40	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	1,490	640	850	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	5,155	2,650	2,505	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	135	70	75	970	510	460
Germany	580	310	265	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	80	60	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	160	85	70	245	120	125
Romania	70	30	35	690	310	380
Russian Federation	1,145	530	610	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	1,320	670	650	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	550	290	265	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	1,060	590	470	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	7,860	4,120	3,735	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	20	10	10	65	40	20
Cameroon	65	45	20	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	740	360	380	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	20	10	10
Egypt	415	220	190	625	340	290
Eritrea	795	430	360	320	175	145
Ethiopia	810	425	380	305	170	140
Morocco	70	30	35	205	115	95
Nigeria	2,630	1,415	1,215	645	325	315
Somalia	385	160	215	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	225	110	120	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	65	45	20	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	1,555	820	735	1,745	890	860
Asia	45,915	22,395	23,520	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	60	35	25	870	455	415
Bangladesh	360	195	170	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,390	1,635	1,760	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	185	105	80	1,800	770	1,030
India	10,915	5,675	5,240	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	425	230	195	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	330	175	155	1,910	940	965
Israel	595	340	260	365	205	160
Japan	45	25	25	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,300	665	640	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	140	100	35	265	155	110
Nepal	210	70	140	310	115	195
Pakistan	1,535	800	735	1,965	990	975
Philippines	22,885	10,645	12,245	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	325	145	180	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	250	140	115	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	635	325	310	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	20	0	10	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	40	30	10	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	385	195	195
Viet Nam	495	220	275	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	1,650	785	870	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	80	70	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	80	25	60	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	55	15	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,240,695	614,440	626,260	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	249,625	123,035	126,585	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	197,530	97,135	100,395	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	793,545	394,265	399,280	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180,810	89,380	91,425	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	119,845	60,680	59,165	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	44,415	27,435	16,980	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,430	33,250	42,185	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	39,875	17,355	22,525	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	20,550	11,155	9,395	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	540	195	345	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	223,310	108,495	114,815	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	220,470	107,145	113,330	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	130,510	62,955	67,550	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	89,355	43,895	45,465	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	610	295	310	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,020	985	1,030	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	820	365	450	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,017,385	505,945	511,445	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	127,250	61,300	65,950	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,113,450	553,140	560,305	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110,630	53,980	56,645	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	108,055	52,775	55,285	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	93,070	45,490	47,580	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	14,835	7,210	7,625	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	155	75	80	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	2,570	1,205	1,365	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,495	1,160	1,335	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	50	30	15	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	114,605	55,480	59,120	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	107,535	52,250	55,285	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,265	19,440	20,820	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	66,810	32,600	34,215	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	460	210	250	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	7,070	3,235	3,835	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,800	3,100	3,705	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	65	55	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	80	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,015,465	504,980	510,485	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,240,700	614,440	626,260	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	216,850	108,315	108,530	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	42,060	22,200	19,855	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	22,540	11,340	11,195	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	30,335	15,790	14,550	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	79,815	37,935	41,885	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	9,895	4,840	5,050	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	5,030	2,705	2,325	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	8,565	4,155	4,410	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,695	1,420	1,270	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	4,375	2,195	2,180	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	1,850	880	975	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,195	1,610	1,590	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	6,485	3,235	3,250	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	1,023,850	506,125	517,725	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,240,700	614,440	626,255	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	225,230	109,465	115,770	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	142,820	69,305	73,510	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	955	460	500	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	91,120	44,150	46,970	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	247,670	123,075	124,600	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	645	325	320	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	9,220	4,605	4,615	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	240,835	119,610	121,225	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	215	130	90	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	185	95	85
Ontarian	20	20	0	130	55	75
Québécois	280	150	125	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	10	25	405	175	230
European origins	826,210	406,770	419,445	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	421,515	206,840	214,675	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	45	25	25	455	230	220
Cornish	85	45	40	610	340	265
English	245,960	119,975	125,985	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	156,145	74,290	81,850	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	200	100	100	1,810	835	975
Scottish	208,065	100,790	107,265	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	17,760	8,575	9,180	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	19,610	9,260	10,355	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	148,810	72,060	76,750	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	20	15	15	210	95	115
Breton	120	40	75	110	45	65
Corsican	0	10	0	105	40	65
French	148,740	72,020	76,720	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	286,985	141,285	145,705	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	12,325	6,190	6,135	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	15	10	0	225	105	120
Belgian	21,510	10,495	11,020	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	55,525	27,375	28,150	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	965	445	515	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	140	75	55	850	425	425
German	220,735	108,650	112,080	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	155	65	90	695	340	355
Swiss	5,475	2,660	2,810	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	65	75	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,295	38,580	41,720	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	7,895	3,850	4,050	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	4,000	1,905	2,095	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	31,090	15,265	15,825	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	19,600	9,145	10,455	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	22,470	10,530	11,945	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,540	1,260	1,285	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	287,695	141,310	146,380	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	330	190	145	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	885	430	455	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	4,590	2,165	2,425	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,155	1,120	1,040	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	190	80	115	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	10,120	4,990	5,125	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	1,365	655	715	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	1,455	750	705	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	325	170	160	1,085	510	580
Polish	88,090	42,670	45,420	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	5,835	2,790	3,045	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	58,225	28,625	29,605	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	2,190	1,055	1,135	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	180,055	88,615	91,445	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	895	415	480	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	59,915	29,445	30,470	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	415	220	195	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	1,030	505	520	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	15	0	15	120	85	30
Croatian	2,930	1,430	1,500	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	45	25	15	440	230	205
Greek	4,130	2,070	2,060	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	23,210	11,675	11,530	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	45	20	25	280	135	145
Macedonian	225	120	110	1,205	620	580
Maltese	360	165	195	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	40	10	30	710	360	350
Portuguese	14,540	7,215	7,320	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	1,240	660	580	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	235	110	125	545	295	255
Slovenian	1,005	485	520	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	12,625	5,680	6,945	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,060	540	525	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	65	40	30	395	200	195
Other European origins	10,950	5,550	5,400	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	100	65	35	840	470	375
Jewish	8,455	4,250	4,200	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	155	70	85	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	185	100	85	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,130	1,090	1,040	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	10,805	5,355	5,450	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	60	20	40	220	115	105
Bahamian	60	35	25	255	140	110
Barbadian	740	390	350	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	40	30	15	335	155	175
Carib	65	30	40	70	50	25
Cuban	340	155	190	1,320	615	700
Dominican	275	145	135	735	330	410
Grenadian	160	85	80	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haitian	235	90	150	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	4,585	2,250	2,335	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	130	70	55
Martinican	0	0	0	25	0	20
Montserratan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	70	25	45	570	260	310
St. Lucian	30	20	15	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,395	1,240	1,160	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	190	90	105	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,465	705	760	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	665	360	305	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	23,115	11,555	11,565	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	650	330	320	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	10	10	10	90	45	45
Argentinian	475	230	245	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	200	105	100	125	60	65
Bolivian	300	160	140	375	145	230
Brazilian	830	375	455	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	1,520	720	795	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	1,400	680	715	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	65	40	25	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	125	70	55	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	505	240	260	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	1,485	770	715	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	425	210	220	1,535	720	810
Honduran	520	245	280	1,445	750	695
Maya	220	135	80	930	475	455
Mexican	8,790	4,440	4,350	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	370	200	170	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	50	10	40	325	140	185
Paraguayan	2,080	1,070	1,010	895	475	420
Peruvian	350	130	225	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	2,735	1,425	1,315	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	35	10	20	410	205	205
Venezuelan	240	95	150	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,045	525	520	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	28,860	14,980	13,885	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	8,665	4,585	4,085	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	35	10	25	40	30	10
Angolan	10	10	0	90	55	35
Ashanti	25	10	10	85	30	50
Beninese	55	45	0	35	20	15
Burkinabe	20	10	10	45	30	15
Cameroonian	145	80	70	150	85	70
Chadian	10	10	0	70	50	25
Congolese	1,575	785	790	810	405	400
Edo	130	85	45	85	55	30
Ewe	15	10	10	55	25	30
Gabonese	25	20	10	10	0	10
Gambian	10	0	10	25	10	15
Ghanaian	380	220	170	1,600	865	730
Guinean	70	20	50	130	45	80
Ibo	435	205	225	280	160	115
Ivorian	120	45	75	100	55	50
Liberian	80	20	55	250	95	150
Malian	140	85	55	80	55	25
Malinké	35	20	10	10	0	0
Nigerian	3,860	2,130	1,735	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	25	15	15	20	0	15
Senegalese	115	70	40	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	320	155	165	130	60	65
Togolese	115	60	55	100	70	40
Wolof	25	10	15	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,050	540	510	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	545	260	285	620	305	315
North African origins	3,690	1,980	1,705	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	100	35	60	770	465	305
Berber	150	90	55	210	130	80
Coptic	85	45	40	150	90	65
Dinka	30	25	10	45	25	15
Egyptian	1,335	720	620	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	360	175	185	420	275	140
Maure	100	70	30	150	60	90
Moroccan	350	190	160	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	1,075	580	500	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	130	65	60	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	75	40	35	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	10,500	5,420	5,080	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	65	40	30	705	355	355
Amhara	140	100	45	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	150	90	65	255	140	120
Burundian	235	110	125	215	95	120
Djiboutian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Eritrean	2,300	1,240	1,055	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	2,900	1,505	1,395	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	335	165	170	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	25	15	10	105	65	40
Mauritian	245	125	115	975	520	450
Oromo	325	185	140	140	75	65
Rwandan	300	145	155	420	225	195
Seychellois	45	20	30	25	15	15
Somali	1,740	900	845	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	730	310	420	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	90	55	30	490	220	275
Tigrian	320	200	120	205	110	95
Ugandan	255	125	130	775	390	380
Zambian	200	95	110	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	310	150	160	855	445	405
Zulu	30	15	10	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	440	230	210	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	6,670	3,350	3,325	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	825	405	415	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	5,925	2,965	2,965	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	178,655	88,885	89,765	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	11,850	6,130	5,715	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	1,010	485	530	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,755	975	785	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	495	250	250	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	40	30	10	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	990	570	425
Georgian	110	60	45	740	380	355
Hazara	0	0	0	55	30	20
Iranian	1,885	1,015	870	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	925	480	450	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	775	410	360	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	235	100	135	785	425	355
Kazakh	335	185	145	385	205	175
Kurd	305	145	160	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	40	20	25	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	45	30	20	175	90	85
Lebanese	1,375	700	675	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	620	340	275	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	65	25	40	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	170	95	70	975	615	360
Syrian	1,115	535	580	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	55	20	40	260	135	125
Tatar	310	155	155	790	365	425
Turk	655	315	340	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	10	0	0	120	70	55
Uighur	10	10	0	130	65	60
Uzbek	70	45	20	270	150	120
Yemeni	100	45	55	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	305	145	155	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	43,155	22,710	20,440	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	880	500	385	1,840	925	920
Bengali	200	115	85	850	405	445
Bhutanese	140	55	85	120	65	55
East Indian	34,470	18,110	16,355	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	50	30	30	485	245	240
Gujarati	220	120	100	700	335	365
Kashmiri	30	10	15	185	100	85
Nepali	500	250	250	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	3,370	1,795	1,575	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	3,830	1,995	1,840	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	280	145	135	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	1,090	545	545	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	245	145	105	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	725	415	305	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	124,100	60,175	63,925	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	260	125	135	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	525	280	240	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	30,150	14,980	15,170	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	83,530	39,955	43,580	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	0	0	0	130	70	60
Indonesian	530	265	265	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	2,675	1,305	1,365	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	455	195	255	895	450	445
Korean	4,545	2,300	2,240	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	1,730	820	910	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	470	240	230	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	150	60	90	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	20	10	10	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	150	90	60	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	750	335	420	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	15	10	10	550	290	260
Vietnamese	5,850	2,915	2,935	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	70	80	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	575	320	260	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	575	320	260	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	1,525	740	785	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	910	415	495	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	315	170	140	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	345	180	165	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	80	45	30	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	60	30	30	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	55	30	25	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	95	45	45	600	275	325
Samoan	25	0	15	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	65	30	35	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	336,170	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	140,260	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	12,620	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	33,325	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	455,725	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	3,745	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	63,040	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	121,520	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	175,500	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	125,240	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	132,410	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	82,935	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	78,750	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	64,560	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	130,400	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	473,625	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	15,420	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	489,050	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	456,365	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	32,680	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	142,200	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	158,180	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	65,190	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	42,740	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	20,815	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	27,880	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	32,035	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	444,995	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	44,055	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	290,830	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,775	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	10,445	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	489,050	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,240	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	74,950	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	84,800	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	95,135	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	96,255	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	67,475	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	37,760	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	15,440	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	461,870	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	373,860	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	88,010	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	76,075	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	324,120	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.4	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.4	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	973	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,473	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,444	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,905	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	19.4	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.9	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	868	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	891	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	220,390	116,570	103,820	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	296,355	147,040	149,320	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	484,555	227,975	256,585	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	77,000	54,090	22,910	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,490	21,985	15,500	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,515	32,110	7,410	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	177,620	72,785	104,840	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,940	12,075	16,860	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	200,990	89,020	111,970	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	143,780	61,350	82,430	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,040	6,675	9,365	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,105	3,515	2,595	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	29,305	13,830	15,470	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	5,765	3,645	2,115	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	654,670	323,300	331,370	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	94,310	54,700	39,610	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	182,335	93,000	89,330	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	378,030	175,595	202,435	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	53,800	38,185	15,620	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	25,955	15,460	10,490	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	27,850	22,725	5,125	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	137,930	57,445	80,485	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,215	8,995	12,220	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	165,085	70,970	94,115	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	119,150	50,120	69,035	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,185	4,840	7,350	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,075	2,705	2,370	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	24,410	10,815	13,595	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,270	2,495	1,770	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	516,750	263,605	253,140	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	44,855	11,705	33,145	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	44,855	11,710	33,145	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	13,170	6,230	6,940	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,415	1,860	550	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	10,755	4,365	6,390	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	23,030	9,915	13,110	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,775	400	1,380	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	3,905	1,110	2,795	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,065	2,820	4,240	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	30	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,590	940	650	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,510	2,590	1,925	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	3,410	1,855	1,555	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	705	175	530	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	46,555	15,805	30,750	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	880	220	660	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,115	1,225	1,890	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10,760	795	9,965	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	7,130	2,365	4,760	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	955	305	650	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	8,155	2,385	5,770	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	15,565	8,510	7,055	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	95,115	34,865	60,255	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	320	105	210	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,670	1,875	5,790	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	87,125	32,875	54,250	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,120	8,165	7,950	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,625	2,990	3,640	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,325	2,285	2,040	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	470	70	395	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	3,685	2,585	1,095	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,020	240	780	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,425	11,380	7,050	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,225	10,050	5,175	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	1,140	175	965	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,945	1,080	865	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	120	75	40	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	96,625	89,275	7,350	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	2,420	1,380	1,040	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	16,205	13,530	2,675	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,815	15,975	1,845	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	22,160	21,705	450	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	27,485	26,650	830	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	10,530	10,030	505	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	14,540	10,260	4,275	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	11,380	8,280	3,100	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,160	1,980	1,180	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	87,795	16,505	71,290	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,105	1,945	2,155	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	81,865	13,450	68,415	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,825	1,110	715	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	28,275	13,845	14,435	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	16,750	4,095	12,655	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	240	230	10	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	5,005	3,680	1,330	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,185	5,750	435	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	60	30	35	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	25	35	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	654,670	323,300	331,375	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	276,645	147,710	128,935	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	31,645	7,860	23,785	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	31,650	7,865	23,785	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,350	4,875	5,475	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,815	1,335	480	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	8,540	3,545	4,990	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	17,250	7,370	9,880	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,485	330	1,155	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	2,930	810	2,120	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,420	2,245	3,180	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	30	30	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,230	715	515	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,255	1,835	1,420	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	2,365	1,275	1,090	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	505	135	370	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	38,120	12,380	25,740	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	740	185	555	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	965	1,610	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,805	605	8,195	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	6,085	1,795	4,285	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	815	265	550	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	6,370	1,720	4,645	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	12,730	6,835	5,895	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	76,370	27,865	48,495	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	270	95	175	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,145	1,335	4,810	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,950	26,440	43,510	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,195	5,930	6,270	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,290	2,265	3,025	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,005	1,595	1,405	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	405	65	345	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	2,805	1,855	950	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	690	150	545	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,955	9,965	5,985	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,600	9,015	4,585	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	790	135	650	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,465	760	700	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	60	45	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	73,680	67,440	6,240	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	2,025	1,160	865	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	13,705	11,305	2,405	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,840	12,265	1,575	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	16,060	15,690	365	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,395	19,765	625	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	7,655	7,250	405	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	11,450	7,800	3,645	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	8,760	6,170	2,590	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,695	1,635	1,060	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	69,600	13,415	56,185	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,310	1,585	1,715	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	64,870	11,020	53,850	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,430	810	620	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	21,365	10,660	10,705	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	12,255	2,980	9,275	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	105	0	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	4,025	2,945	1,080	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,885	4,545	340	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	50	30	25	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	25	25	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	1,001,305	491,585	509,725	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	516,750	263,610	253,145	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	484,555	227,975	256,585	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	403,775	188,230	215,540	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	352,390	162,050	190,340	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	51,385	26,185	25,200	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	80,785	39,745	41,040	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	9,155	4,910	4,245	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	26,450	11,595	14,860	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	10,365	5,300	5,070	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,180	2,350	1,825	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,865	1,330	1,535	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	395	235	165	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	27,375	14,030	13,345	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	654,670	323,300	331,375	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	276,640	147,705	128,935	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	378,035	175,595	202,440	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	309,655	142,710	166,950	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	270,435	123,090	147,340	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	39,225	19,615	19,610	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	68,375	32,885	35,485	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,215	3,005	3,210	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	24,495	10,775	13,720	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	9,430	4,770	4,660	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,465	1,385	1,080	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,630	1,210	1,420	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	340	195	145	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	22,805	11,555	11,255	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	1,001,305	491,580	509,725	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	617,465	322,130	295,335	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	44,690	25,560	19,130	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	339,155	143,895	195,260	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.7	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	61.7	65.5	57.9	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.4	6.1	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	1,001,310	491,585	509,725	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	312,495	131,600	180,900	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	688,810	359,980	328,830	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	358,800	206,460	152,330	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	330,010	153,520	176,495	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.3	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	649,530	341,560	307,965	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	580,885	296,560	284,325	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	68,645	45,000	23,640	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	662,155	347,690	314,470	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,125	6,505	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,565	307,965	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	71,455	45,945	25,510	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,050	27,530	68,515	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	34,135	26,895	7,240	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	52,280	10,830	41,450	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	86,055	27,425	58,630	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,355	6,025	8,325	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	144,490	62,735	81,760	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	102,660	97,500	5,160	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,400	14,490	3,910	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	29,650	22,180	7,475	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	662,155	347,685	314,465	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	12,625	6,120	6,500	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	649,525	341,560	307,965	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	28,680	20,765	7,920	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,460	4,830	635	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	7,390	5,625	1,765	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	49,575	43,990	5,585	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	54,645	40,800	13,845	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	21,890	16,040	5,850	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	69,700	33,960	35,740	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35,490	28,350	7,145	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	10,875	6,085	4,790	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	25,885	9,615	16,270	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,235	4,565	3,670	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,470	14,790	13,680	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	635	250	380	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,285	13,105	9,170	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	55,025	17,480	37,540	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	93,960	18,345	75,615	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	12,980	6,620	6,360	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	43,655	17,430	26,230	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,055	13,740	14,315	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	46,645	25,180	21,465	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	617,465	322,125	295,335	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	42,530	23,485	19,050	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	1,935	1,305	630	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	68,420	52,715	15,710	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	504,580	244,620	259,960	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	504,580	244,620	259,960	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	384,465	181,650	202,820	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	50,350	23,760	26,580	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	66,495	37,055	29,435	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	3,275	2,150	1,120	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	573,005	297,335	275,665	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	431,755	237,860	193,895	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	40,595	14,520	26,070	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	53,740	21,780	31,955	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	32,330	13,815	18,520	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	8,175	5,670	2,505	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	6,410	3,695	2,715	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	573,000	297,340	275,665	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	185,120	87,795	97,320	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	208,570	108,680	99,890	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	115,090	63,555	51,535	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	36,755	20,485	16,270	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	27,470	16,820	10,650	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	573,000	297,335	275,665	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,060	20,145	7,915	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	104,545	65,630	38,925	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	168,760	90,125	78,630	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	126,090	50,885	75,200	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	53,120	22,305	30,810	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	92,430	48,240	44,190	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	710,830	370,255	340,575	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	702,445	366,000	336,445	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	694,855	361,770	333,090	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	688,400	359,660	328,730	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	6,455	2,100	4,355	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	7,590	4,235	3,360	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	1,815	1,025	800	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	1,755	990	755	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	985	565	420	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	980	565	415	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	770	430	335	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	230	125	110	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	535	310	230	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	55	25	30	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	30	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	55	30	30	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,770	3,215	2,560	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	155	145	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	20	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	270	145	125	435	295	135
Amharic	15	0	10	15	15	0
Arabic	105	70	40	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	35	25	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	35	100	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Vietnamese	140	35	100	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	485	245	240	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470	235	240	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,865	1,255	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	480	245	235	950	440	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	480	245	235	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	65	50	20	115	50	70
Russian	280	145	135	565	255	315
Serbian	0	0	0	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,300	790	505	805	465	335
Afrikaans	10	10	0	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dutch	40	10	30	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	950	585	370	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	15	10	10
Swedish	0	10	0	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	290	185	105	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	755	505	260	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	685	455	225	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	20	0	15	15	15	0
Gujarati	10	10	10	35	15	25
Hindi	40	40	0	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	400	210	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	45	25	25
Iranian languages	75	45	30	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	10	10	10	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	65	45	20	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	330	245	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	20	10	10	110	50	60
Portuguese	330	215	115	515	255	260
Romanian	10	10	0	70	45	25
Spanish	220	100	125	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	305	150	150	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	210	80	135	280	90	190
American Sign Language	155	65	95	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	55	15	45	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,170	650	515	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	1,160	650	515	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	690	380	315	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	440	255	185	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	10	85	50	30
Burmese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	170	65	110
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	8,390	4,255	4,125	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	2,655	1,150	1,505	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	5,680	3,085	2,590	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	10	0	0	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	710,835	370,255	340,575	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	662,595	346,710	315,885	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	8,550	3,690	4,855	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	13,320	5,825	7,495	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	25,960	13,815	12,145	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	6,500	3,245	3,255	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	19,460	10,575	8,890	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	10	0	10	60	40	15
English and non-official language	65	45	20	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	335	160	175	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,225,480	606,585	618,895	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	1,064,380	527,020	537,360	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	161,100	79,570	81,535	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	105,090	52,025	53,065	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	56,010	27,545	28,465	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	41,305	20,285	21,020	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	30,395	14,720	15,675	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	10,915	5,565	5,345	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	14,705	7,260	7,445	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,161,240	573,310	587,930	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	718,640	355,585	363,050	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	442,600	217,725	224,875	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	261,015	128,560	132,455	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	181,585	89,165	92,420	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	117,135	56,880	60,260	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	86,295	41,295	45,000	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	30,840	15,580	15,260	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	64,445	32,285	32,165	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Manitoba [Province] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Manitoba [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Manitoba [Province] and British Columbia [Province]