Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Nova Scotia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	923,598	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	921,727	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	458,568	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	401,990	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	17.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	52,942.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	923,600	446,885	476,715
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	133,825	68,370	65,455
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	42,005	21,365	20,640
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	45,980	23,650	22,330
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	45,845	23,350	22,490
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	605,950	295,100	310,845
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	51,255	26,240	25,015
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	56,160	28,150	28,010
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	53,725	26,790	26,940
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	51,730	25,130	26,600
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	52,010	24,560	27,450
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	57,050	27,245	29,805
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	61,890	29,720	32,170
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	75,675	36,615	39,065
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	76,505	36,925	39,580
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	69,960	33,735	36,225
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	183,820	83,415	100,405
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	63,710	30,810	32,905
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	45,005	21,520	23,485
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	31,545	14,520	17,030
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	21,915	9,425	12,495
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	21,645	7,140	14,505
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	13,205	4,845	8,360
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	6,320	1,830	4,485
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	1,855	415	1,430
100 years and over	375	50	325	270	45	225
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	65.6	66.0	65.2
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	43.5	42.5	44.4
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	45.5	44.5	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	263,470	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	21,350	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	102,300	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	20,465	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	10,215	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	12,435	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	58,405	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	780	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	14,870	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	118,670	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	156,825	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	60,250	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	44,970	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	21,275	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	908,340	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	789,770	378,515	411,255
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	454,970	227,220	227,750
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	369,695	184,705	184,990
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	85,275	42,515	42,760
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	334,800	151,295	183,505
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	209,455	110,175	99,280
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	24,105	10,450	13,655
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	48,835	19,715	29,115
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	52,405	10,955	41,455
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	270,965	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	157,600	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	56,625	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	41,095	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	15,645	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	270,965	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	224,065	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	181,435	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	42,630	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	46,900	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	37,595	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	9,305	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	224,065	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	128,125	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	95,940	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	43,810	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	37,595	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	14,535	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	46,900	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	29,480	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	12,810	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	4,610	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	175,575	81,140	94,435
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	260,280	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	124,000	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	136,280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	5,285	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	136,425	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	118,675	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	17,750	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	912,300	442,470	469,830
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	813,480	398,950	414,530
French only	535	255	280	705	305	400
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	95,380	41,925	53,460
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	2,735	1,295	1,440
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	912,295	442,470	469,830
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	879,465	426,535	452,930
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	28,490	13,890	14,600
English and French	1,770	890	885	1,760	825	930
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	2,585	1,215	1,365
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	29,370	14,300	15,070
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	3.2	3.2	3.2
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	912,295	442,470	469,830
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	904,240	438,550	465,690
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	859,690	416,245	443,445
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	830,220	401,980	428,240
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	29,465	14,265	15,205
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	44,550	22,305	22,245
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	4,290	2,020	2,270
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	4,210	1,985	2,225
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	15	10	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	5	5	0
Woods Cree	780	370	410	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	5	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	4,190	1,975	2,215
Malecite	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	4,185	1,970	2,215
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	5	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	5	5	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	60	30	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Inuktitut	20	10	15	55	30	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	5	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	0	0	0
Dakota	195	85	105	0	0	0
Stoney	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	40,260	20,285	19,975
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	7,760	4,275	3,480
Berber languages	10	5	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	130	65	65
Bilen	55	25	30	5	0	0
Oromo	195	100	90	60	30	25
Somali	775	355	415	50	20	30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	15	5	5
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	7,615	4,205	3,415
Amharic	290	140	155	115	50	65
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	7,110	3,950	3,165
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	0	0	5
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	210	115	95
Maltese	10	5	5	15	10	5
Tigrigna	680	340	340	140	65	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	10	5	10
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	505	245	260
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	5	5	5
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	490	240	250
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	2,235	940	1,300
Bikol	85	40	40	5	5	5
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	150	60	90
Fijian	25	20	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	25	10	15
Ilocano	790	370	415	55	15	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	5	0
Malay	125	55	70	55	25	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	15	5	5
Pangasinan	40	15	25	5	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	1,905	810	1,090
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	20	10	15
Creole languages	220	105	120	95	60	35
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	35	20	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	55	35	20
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	1,010	595	420
Kannada	60	35	30	40	20	15
Malayalam	850	455	395	365	205	165
Tamil	350	200	150	315	185	130
Telugu	285	165	120	285	180	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	18,590	9,320	9,270
Albanian	380	190	190	275	130	140
Armenian	70	40	30	35	30	10
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	3,470	1,645	1,830
Baltic languages	175	85	90	100	35	60
Latvian	100	45	50	50	20	30
Lithuanian	75	40	35	45	15	30
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	3,375	1,610	1,765
Belarusan	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bosnian	225	110	120	120	60	65
Bulgarian	65	35	30	55	25	30
Croatian	455	240	220	225	105	115
Czech	235	115	125	205	105	100
Macedonian	55	30	30	20	10	15
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	795	365	435
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	1,285	615	670
Serbian	465	235	225	115	60	65
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	80	40	40
Slovak	115	60	55	100	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	35	15	15
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	320	155	170
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	5	5	5
Celtic languages	60	30	30	185	80	100
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	145	65	85
Welsh	30	10	15	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	5,700	2,800	2,900
Afrikaans	880	450	430	120	55	60
Danish	255	145	110	160	105	60
Dutch	1,385	685	700	1,620	815	805
Frisian	30	20	10	35	20	15
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	3,435	1,645	1,790
Icelandic	55	20	25	45	20	20
Norwegian	310	140	165	110	60	50
Swedish	150	60	90	110	45	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	25	10	10
Yiddish	25	10	10	20	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	20	5	15
Greek	935	490	445	760	390	365
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	4,835	2,650	2,190
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	3,385	1,895	1,490
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	475	290	185
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	195	125	70
Hindi	1,545	880	665	745	445	300
Kashmiri	20	10	10	10	5	5
Konkani	35	15	10	5	5	5
Marathi	140	80	55	70	35	35
Nepali	770	400	370	530	255	275
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	585	310	270
Sindhi	120	65	55	20	10	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	165	85	85
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	575	330	245
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	1,425	740	690
Kurdish	145	80	65	115	65	50
Pashto	555	315	235	80	45	35
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	1,230	630	605
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	3,335	1,605	1,730
Catalan	5	0	0	10	5	5
Italian	705	365	340	745	400	340
Portuguese	615	265	350	520	245	270
Romanian	850	425	430	225	110	120
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	1,830	840	985
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	5	0
Japanese	320	100	220	360	100	260
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	5	0	0
Korean	1,670	800	865	1,095	475	620
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	5	5	5
Mongolian	40	20	25	0	5	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	630	325	305
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	40	25	25
Bamanankan	0	0	5	15	5	5
Edo	35	20	15	5	0	5
Ewe	50	30	20	40	25	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	5	5	0
Ga	20	15	5	10	5	5
Ganda	35	15	20	20	5	15
Igbo	215	125	90	45	20	20
Lingala	30	20	15	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	20	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	50	15	30
Shona	90	55	40	30	15	15
Swahili	425	220	205	135	65	70
Wolof	20	10	10	10	10	0
Yoruba	465	240	220	65	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	140	75	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	75	40	40
Dinka	115	70	45	20	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	55	25	25
Sign languages	200	100	100	190	90	100
American Sign Language	65	35	35	85	40	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	105	50	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	6,665	3,335	3,330
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	6,635	3,320	3,315
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	1,145	535	610
Hakka	35	20	15	20	5	15
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	4,640	2,325	2,315
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	120	50	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	50	30	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	645	365	280
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	30	15	20
Burmese	180	115	65	15	5	10
Karenic languages	810	395	415	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	5	10	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	155	55	100
Lao	345	175	170	10	0	5
Thai	180	55	125	150	50	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	445	240	205
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	10	10	5
Turkish	290	155	130	305	165	140
Uyghur	5	0	5	5	5	5
Uzbek	30	5	15	110	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	10	10	0
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	415	180	235
Estonian	20	10	10	40	20	25
Finnish	205	85	120	95	30	60
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	275	130	150
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	25	10	15
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	8,060	3,920	4,140
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	3,445	1,600	1,850
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	4,180	2,110	2,070
French and non-official language	315	150	165	225	115	105
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	210	90	120
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	912,300	442,470	469,830
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	900,755	436,755	464,000
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	878,015	425,220	452,795
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	863,550	418,315	445,240
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	14,460	6,910	7,560
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	22,740	11,540	11,205
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	2,570	1,285	1,295
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	2,565	1,280	1,285
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	0	0	0
Woods Cree	180	100	85	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,560	1,280	1,280
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,560	1,275	1,280
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	5	0	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	0	0	0
Dakota	35	15	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	20,170	10,255	9,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	4,630	2,450	2,180
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	85	40	45
Bilen	30	15	15	5	0	5
Oromo	140	75	70	45	20	25
Somali	530	245	290	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	10	10	5
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	4,540	2,405	2,130
Amharic	150	75	70	55	25	30
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	4,260	2,270	1,990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	0	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	125	70	55
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	430	205	220	95	40	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	330	160	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	330	165	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	1,140	550	585
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	580	280	295	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	5	5	5
Ilocano	240	115	120	15	5	5
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	0	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	1,065	520	545
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0	0	0
Creole languages	95	35	65	35	20	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	15	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	25	10	15
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	425	240	185
Kannada	20	10	10	15	5	10
Malayalam	525	265	260	140	75	60
Tamil	155	90	65	140	80	60
Telugu	145	75	70	125	80	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	7,410	3,715	3,690
Albanian	205	100	100	110	60	55
Armenian	45	25	20	15	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	1,405	680	720
Baltic languages	80	35	45	30	10	15
Latvian	40	20	20	10	5	10
Lithuanian	40	15	25	15	5	10
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	1,375	675	700
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	65	30	30
Bulgarian	35	20	15	25	15	10
Croatian	170	85	85	65	25	40
Czech	30	20	15	45	25	20
Macedonian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Polish	480	220	255	235	105	125
Russian	1,725	875	840	785	385	390
Serbian	270	140	130	60	25	35
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	30	15	10
Slovak	30	15	15	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	55	30	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	5	5	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	60	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	60	35	30
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	1,490	725	760
Afrikaans	530	275	250	30	15	15
Danish	10	5	0	15	0	15
Dutch	200	110	95	135	70	70
Frisian	5	0	0	5	0	0
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	1,225	600	625
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	10	15
Norwegian	10	5	10	20	5	10
Swedish	10	5	10	15	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	15	5	10
Greek	395	190	205	270	135	130
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	2,815	1,475	1,335
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	1,850	995	860
Bengali	1,915	980	930	250	135	115
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	100	60	35
Hindi	880	490	390	310	190	120
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	5	0
Konkani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	55	30	30	30	15	15
Nepali	570	290	275	475	235	240
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	250	125	125
Sindhi	55	25	25	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	95	45	50
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	340	175	165
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	960	475	480
Kurdish	65	40	30	85	50	40
Pashto	345	185	160	45	20	20
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	825	405	420
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	0	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	1,240	595	645
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	165	70	85
Portuguese	220	100	115	195	90	105
Romanian	315	165	150	70	35	35
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	810	390	420
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	5	0	0
Japanese	120	45	75	110	35	70
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,180	590	595	710	330	385
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	165	80	85
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	10	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	5	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	5	0	5
Igbo	40	15	20	15	5	5
Lingala	15	10	10	0	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	15	10	10
Shona	35	25	15	0	0	0
Swahili	200	90	110	60	30	35
Wolof	0	5	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	115	55	55	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	35	20	20
Dinka	65	30	30	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	25	10	15
Sign languages	285	175	105	285	145	140
American Sign Language	50	30	20	110	55	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	175	90	80
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	4,550	2,345	2,200
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	4,545	2,345	2,200
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	640	335	310
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	3,410	1,740	1,675
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	45	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	415	235	180
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	5	0	5
Burmese	115	65	55	0	0	0
Karenic languages	640	310	335	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	55	20	35
Lao	125	60	60	0	0	0
Thai	70	25	45	55	15	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	5	5	0
Turkish	170	90	85	140	70	75
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10	70	40	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	5	0
Uralic languages	240	125	120	75	35	40
Estonian	10	0	5	5	5	5
Finnish	15	10	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	215	110	105	55	25	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	5	0	0
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	11,540	5,715	5,825
English and French	1,210	575	635	2,180	995	1,185
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	8,970	4,515	4,450
French and non-official language	150	85	70	75	40	30
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	315	155	160
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	912,295	442,470	469,825
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	861,780	418,525	443,260
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	17,005	8,480	8,525
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	16,390	7,210	9,175
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	16,275	7,850	8,420
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	2,135	930	1,205
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	14,135	6,920	7,220
English and French	170	85	85	150	70	80
English and non-official language	860	440	420	220	105	115
French and non-official language	495	245	255	470	230	245
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	774,750	372,455	402,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	744,260	358,055	386,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	31,813	38,379	26,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	744,545	358,085	386,455
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	28,627	33,642	24,590
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	648,960	320,380	328,580
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	29,938	36,363	24,497
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	554,985	243,860	311,130
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	7,438	8,175	6,961
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	523,020	264,375	258,645
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	29,979	35,676	25,405
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	744,275	357,820	386,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	41,479	49,413	34,132
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	744,560	357,855	386,710
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	34,175	39,776	28,993
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	648,910	320,370	328,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	40,299	48,457	32,345
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	555,740	243,445	312,295
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	8,495	8,859	8,211
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	523,020	264,475	258,545
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	39,522	46,606	32,275
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	774,750	372,455	402,295
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	245,425	131,095	114,325
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	47,665	53,785	42,236
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	56,820	63,886	48,717
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	84.6	87.7	80.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	66.9	69.7	63.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	15.4	12.3	19.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	30,485	14,395	16,090
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	744,265	358,060	386,205
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	104,125	43,575	60,545
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	134,355	50,310	84,050
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	114,855	47,195	67,660
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	98,325	45,040	53,280
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	79,435	39,605	39,830
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	57,255	32,255	25,000
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	41,715	25,830	15,885
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	33,195	19,945	13,250
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	25,500	14,900	10,605
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	15,530	10,095	5,435
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	39,965	29,300	10,665
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	28,130	20,205	7,925
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	11,835	9,095	2,745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	774,750	372,455	402,295
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	30,205	14,370	15,840
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	744,540	358,085	386,455
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.1	96.1	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	108,630	44,435	64,195
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	142,975	54,160	88,815
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	138,435	58,900	79,535
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	119,130	56,990	62,145
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	84,245	46,675	37,565
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	56,235	34,590	21,645
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	39,320	23,195	16,125
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	21,210	13,950	7,260
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	34,360	25,185	9,170
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	11,615	8,185	3,430
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	6,825	4,950	1,875
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	15,915	12,050	3,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	774,745	372,455	402,295
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	251,730	108,080	143,650
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	523,020	264,370	258,640
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	67.5	71.0	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	72,940	34,125	38,820
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	45,820	19,475	26,350
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	76,685	33,555	43,130
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	66,155	29,385	36,770
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	60,485	27,455	33,035
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	49,395	24,470	24,925
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	37,685	21,735	15,955
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	28,695	17,955	10,740
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	24,970	14,750	10,220
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	60,175	41,470	18,705
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	20,175	11,645	8,535
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	11,685	7,975	3,715
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	28,310	21,850	6,460
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	60,764	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	53,129	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	118,670	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	30,377	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	27,511	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	283,320	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	77,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	66,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	76,797	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	63,299	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	118,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	39,601	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	32,962	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	283,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	92,383	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	76,011	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	6,830	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	7,755	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	12,330	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	20,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	20,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	18,700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	21,645	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	19,995	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	19,285	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	18,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	33,450	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	30,470	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	27,755	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	24,340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	20,240	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	100,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	38,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	24,330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	23,445	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	14,730	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	7,145	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	7,885	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	12,545	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	21,370	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	23,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	22,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	25,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	23,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	22,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	21,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	40,585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	35,920	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	29,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	24,160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	19,275	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	64,210	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	31,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	15,940	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	16,280	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	269,560	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	77,529	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	66,728	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	121,200	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	71,495	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	61,883	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	97,460	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	104,981	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	88,099	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	43,560	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	45,597	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	42,309	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	269,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	93,027	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	76,371	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	121,285	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	85,511	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	70,143	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	97,490	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	119,890	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	97,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	43,470	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	54,587	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	47,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	157,715	73,825	83,890
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	28,180	30,235	26,673
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	25,848	27,176	24,859
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	157,410	73,440	83,970
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	36,847	38,945	35,012
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	30,893	31,946	29,973
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,700	467,640
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	519,830	244,725	275,105
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	105,810	49,730	56,080
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	112,825	49,900	62,920
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	102,515	48,345	54,175
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	100,645	48,515	52,130
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	98,030	48,235	49,800
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	388,510	195,975	192,540
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	94,350	47,240	47,110
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	89,765	45,260	44,505
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	83,140	41,815	41,330
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	69,850	35,450	34,400
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	51,410	26,210	25,195
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	898,345	435,895	462,450
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	159,820	81,670	78,150
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	49,595	25,280	24,310
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	565,395	274,120	291,275
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	173,125	80,100	93,025
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	154,955	70,415	84,540
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	35,525	18,145	17,380
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	12,740	6,470	6,275
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	88,355	40,375	47,985
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	31,075	11,890	19,185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	17.2	16.2	18.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	25.7	25.6	25.8
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	15.6	14.7	16.5
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	17.9	14.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	70,745	34,290	36,460
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	15,285	7,805	7,485
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	5,645	2,870	2,775
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	52,220	25,185	27,030
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	3,240	1,295	1,945
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	7.9	7.9	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	9.6	9.6	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	11.4	11.4	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	9.2	9.2	9.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.6	2.1
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,730	467,605
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	905,700	439,525	466,180
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	905,020	439,215	465,805
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	95,740	42,150	53,585
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	64,100	31,380	32,725
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	5,645	2,685	2,960
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	5,575	2,635	2,935
Blackfoot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	20	15	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	10	0	0
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	10	10	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,550	2,625	2,920
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5,540	2,625	2,920
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	10	0	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	15	15	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	10	10	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	0	10	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	35	25	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	15	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	10	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	0	0	0
Dakota	415	205	210	0	0	0
Stoney	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	58,490	28,715	29,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	10,730	5,745	4,985
Berber languages	40	35	0	25	15	15
Kabyle	10	10	0	25	15	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	155	65	95
Bilen	85	40	45	20	15	10
Oromo	160	70	90	40	15	20
Somali	1,090	520	570	75	25	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	10,635	5,715	4,925
Amharic	545	255	290	260	135	120
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	9,685	5,185	4,500
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	630	370	260
Maltese	0	0	0	25	0	25
Tigrigna	705	350	355	140	65	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	15	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	575	260	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	15	0	10
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	555	255	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	3,035	1,275	1,760
Bikol	90	30	55	10	0	10
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	185	80	100
Fijian	20	10	10	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	45	20	30
Ilocano	785	365	415	70	20	55
Malagasy	10	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	215	95	115	80	25	60
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	10	10	0
Pangasinan	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	2,835	1,195	1,635
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	35	15	20
Creole languages	495	230	270	360	185	175
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	120	60	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	210	115	100
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	1,365	785	580
Kannada	115	65	55	75	45	35
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	560	310	250
Tamil	635	345	290	450	260	190
Telugu	435	270	165	350	215	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	30,820	15,070	15,755
Albanian	560	275	285	405	185	215
Armenian	115	65	45	80	45	30
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	4,095	1,935	2,160
Baltic languages	225	120	110	110	35	80
Latvian	135	60	70	50	15	35
Lithuanian	95	60	35	55	15	40
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	4,010	1,910	2,105
Belarusan	20	0	15	10	0	10
Bosnian	325	155	165	145	60	80
Bulgarian	75	40	35	75	35	35
Croatian	605	355	250	275	105	165
Czech	300	155	150	210	95	110
Macedonian	65	35	35	90	55	30
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	900	410	490
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	1,945	970	970
Serbian	790	410	385	180	85	95
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	115	70	50
Slovak	125	85	40	145	70	75
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	35	10	20
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	425	180	245
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	0	0	0
Celtic languages	165	105	65	1,070	495	580
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	910	400	505
Welsh	50	30	20	35	25	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	155	80	75
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	9,225	4,490	4,740
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	320	140	175
Danish	320	195	125	235	125	110
Dutch	1,510	720	790	2,105	935	1,165
Frisian	25	15	15	60	30	30
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	6,335	3,180	3,155
Icelandic	70	40	30	100	40	60
Norwegian	415	180	235	150	105	40
Swedish	230	95	130	245	115	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	20	10	15
Yiddish	75	35	30	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	125	45	85
Greek	1,470	725	745	1,315	670	645
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	6,535	3,635	2,900
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	4,935	2,790	2,140
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	625	350	275
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	240	150	90
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	2,270	1,300	975
Kashmiri	40	25	20	15	0	10
Konkani	40	30	15	15	15	0
Marathi	185	120	70	135	85	45
Nepali	835	435	400	620	315	305
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	20	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	1,010	570	445
Sindhi	180	105	75	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	245	125	120
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	1,090	660	425
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	1,625	865	755
Kurdish	145	90	60	185	110	75
Pashto	555	315	240	85	55	30
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	1,385	725	660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	75	40	35
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	9,365	4,270	5,100
Catalan	0	10	0	15	10	10
Italian	1,360	670	690	1,665	845	820
Portuguese	885	380	505	910	480	430
Romanian	1,105	525	575	240	140	105
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	6,990	3,020	3,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	70	55	20
Japanese	1,205	540	665	865	335	530
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Georgian	15	0	10	0	10	0
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	1,530	685	850
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	10	0	10
Mongolian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	1,340	715	620
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	65	40	30
Bamanankan	0	0	10	10	10	10
Edo	20	0	20	10	10	0
Ewe	100	45	55	80	50	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	10	10	0
Ga	45	25	15	30	15	20
Ganda	20	10	10	60	15	40
Igbo	625	325	300	70	45	30
Lingala	140	70	65	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	130	65	65
Shona	150	90	55	65	40	35
Swahili	950	570	380	370	200	175
Wolof	40	25	15	35	15	20
Yoruba	965	470	495	250	125	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	300	175	130
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	50	30	20
Dinka	100	65	40	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	45	30	10
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	1,605	555	1,045
American Sign Language	650	215	435	795	235	555
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	815	325	495
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	7,135	3,615	3,515
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	7,115	3,610	3,500
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	1,555	730	820
Hakka	30	10	20	45	25	25
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	5,435	2,720	2,710
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	195	75	120
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	60	35	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	575	340	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	20	10	15
Burmese	315	185	130	0	0	0
Karenic languages	635	310	325	0	0	0
Tibetan	30	15	10	20	10	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	240	110	130
Lao	410	170	240	20	0	10
Thai	275	105	170	220	100	120
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	620	320	300
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	20	20	0
Turkish	530	310	220	480	225	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uzbek	60	25	35	105	60	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	10	10	0
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	430	200	230
Estonian	20	15	10	50	25	20
Finnish	360	170	190	120	55	70
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	255	115	140
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	75	40	35
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,735	467,605
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	878,415	425,340	453,070
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	159,440	81,575	77,870
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	718,970	343,770	375,200
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	29,930	15,395	14,535
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	908,340	440,730	467,605
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	842,760	407,740	435,015
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	55,675	27,270	28,405
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	19,200	9,335	9,865
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	4,800	2,330	2,470
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	6,705	3,140	3,560
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	13,185	6,540	6,645
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	5,105	2,500	2,600
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	8,080	4,035	4,045
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	11,790	5,925	5,865
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	9,900	5,720	4,185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	55,675	27,270	28,410
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	7,280	3,495	3,785
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	10,445	5,240	5,205
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	10,170	4,670	5,500
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	22,980	11,315	11,660
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	4,800	2,550	2,250
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	55,680	27,270	28,410
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	10,610	4,830	5,780
Brazil	185	65	120	175	75	100
Colombia	555	275	280	175	90	85
El Salvador	630	290	340	95	50	45
Guyana	155	75	85	170	85	90
Haiti	65	45	20	55	30	30
Jamaica	815	425	395	480	210	275
Mexico	1,330	665	665	325	155	175
Peru	165	60	100	105	35	75
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	220	120	100
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	7,375	3,320	4,055
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	1,430	675	750
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	22,110	11,195	10,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	210	115	100
Croatia	445	280	165	180	75	105
France	215	90	125	610	330	280
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	2,600	1,270	1,330
Greece	605	325	280	505	270	235
Hungary	395	215	180	110	40	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	475	225	255
Italy	570	305	265	525	310	215
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	1,645	790	855
Poland	1,395	690	705	630	265	365
Portugal	220	105	120	220	140	80
Romania	695	335	360	180	100	80
Russian Federation	805	345	460	585	270	315
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	90	45	45
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	335	145	195
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	11,275	5,815	5,460
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	1,930	985	945
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	3,525	1,855	1,675
Algeria	50	35	15	25	15	15
Egypt	435	230	205	770	395	370
Ethiopia	635	285	355	185	105	85
Kenya	425	225	200	125	75	50
Morocco	180	95	80	80	50	30
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	350	185	165
Somalia	635	335	300	65	30	35
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	460	205	250
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	1,465	790	675
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	18,955	9,100	9,855
Afghanistan	515	230	285	100	40	60
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	315	180	135
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	2,830	1,140	1,685
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	280	130	155
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	2,225	1,190	1,040
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	970	525	440
Iraq	1,175	625	550	525	250	285
Japan	265	65	200	225	60	170
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	870	340	530
Lebanon	255	160	90	1,370	755	610
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	615	315	295
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	2,570	1,035	1,540
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	310	140	175
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	1,150	565	580
Taiwan	180	80	100	225	100	120
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	450	205	245
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	3,930	2,130	1,795
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	480	295	180
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	11,785	5,920	5,870
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	1,390	675	715
Brazil	45	10	35	95	40	55
Colombia	115	55	65	15	0	15
Cuba	35	20	15	70	40	30
Haiti	10	10	0	20	15	0
Jamaica	405	230	180	195	100	95
Mexico	435	215	225	105	55	45
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	615	310	305
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	275	115	165
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	2,210	1,165	1,045
France	50	15	45	110	55	55
Germany	190	105	80	215	110	100
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	75	50	25
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	25	10	15
Romania	95	35	60	40	25	15
Russian Federation	220	85	135	180	75	100
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	140	55	80
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	1,080	620	460
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	355	165	190
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	1,085	600	485
Algeria	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cameroon	70	35	30	0	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	55	30	25
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	0	0	0
Egypt	160	75	85	205	105	95
Eritrea	305	145	160	70	40	30
Ethiopia	190	110	85	45	35	10
Morocco	90	40	45	30	15	10
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	200	100	100
Somalia	300	170	125	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	80	35	45
Tunisia	85	45	40	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	365	220	150
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	7,035	3,435	3,600
Afghanistan	125	45	85	20	0	20
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	80	50	30
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	985	465	520
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	10	0	0
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	900	490	410
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	260	135	125
Iraq	405	200	205	245	125	120
Israel	95	55	35	280	180	100
Japan	40	10	35	70	25	50
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	225	75	150
Lebanon	80	50	30	75	35	40
Nepal	235	145	90	185	95	85
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	145	80	65
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	1,500	640	860
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	125	75	50
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	100	55	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	890	420	460
Taiwan	60	30	30	0	0	0
Turkey	80	45	35	100	55	40
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	70	45	20
Viet Nam	855	415	445	65	20	45
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	715	370	345
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	70	50	20
Australia	85	55	30	35	30	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	35	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,735	467,605
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	70,310	35,320	34,990
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	69,125	33,765	35,360
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	768,905	371,645	397,260
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	37,000	18,195	18,805
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	21,830	11,270	10,560
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	8,710	5,865	2,845
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	13,115	5,405	7,710
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	10,415	4,455	5,955
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	4,520	2,345	2,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	235	120	115
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,730	467,605
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	51,495	24,900	26,595
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	49,935	24,175	25,765
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	25,830	12,460	13,370
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	23,315	11,325	11,985
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	795	385	410
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	835	425	410
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	725	300	420
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	856,850	415,835	441,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	908,340	440,735	467,610
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	18,940	9,135	9,805
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	889,405	431,595	457,800
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	908,340	440,735	467,610
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	15,055	7,255	7,805
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	14,780	7,120	7,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	11,995	5,790	6,210
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	2,560	1,245	1,315
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	220	85	135
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	275	135	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	210	95	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	25	20	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	30	20	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	58,980	27,665	31,315
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	56,830	26,660	30,170
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	34,375	15,975	18,400
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	21,200	10,120	11,080
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	1,255	560	690
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	2,145	1,005	1,140
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	1,850	855	995
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	135	50	80
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	130	90	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	30	10	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	834,300	405,810	428,495
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	908,340	440,735	467,605
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	58,650	29,305	29,350
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	7,910	4,385	3,525
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	8,640	4,210	4,435
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	21,915	10,735	11,175
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	3,400	1,485	1,920
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	1,685	820	865
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	8,110	4,375	3,735
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	1,195	525	670
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	1,540	805	740
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	1,540	685	855
Japanese	955	420	530	695	295	405
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	630	300	330
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	1,385	690	695
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	849,690	411,430	438,260
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	908,340	440,730	467,610
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	74,040	34,920	39,115
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	48,640	22,805	25,835
Inuit	650	305	345	1,840	830	1,010
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	26,025	12,435	13,585
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	410,825	197,970	212,855
Acadian	485	270	215	23,700	11,050	12,650
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	7,515	3,730	3,785
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	387,360	186,955	200,405
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	35	15	20
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	1,750	835	910
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	1,295	625	665
Ontarian	20	20	10	95	65	35
Québécois	240	100	140	380	190	185
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	20	0	15
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	621,525	299,755	321,760
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	513,725	246,085	267,645
Channel Islander	10	0	0	90	25	60
Cornish	35	15	20	105	45	65
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	262,375	124,610	137,765
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	195,865	91,260	104,605
Manx	250	120	130	145	70	70
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	272,880	129,640	143,240
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	17,135	8,105	9,030
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	18,975	8,955	10,020
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	149,665	70,095	79,570
Alsatian	10	10	10	25	20	10
Breton	25	10	15	15	10	10
Corsican	15	0	15	20	20	0
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	149,625	70,065	79,565
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	125,110	59,420	65,690
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	1,775	880	895
Bavarian	50	45	0	10	10	10
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	2,615	1,320	1,305
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	32,045	14,640	17,410
Flemish	805	415	395	160	80	80
Frisian	70	35	35	50	20	30
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	97,555	46,450	51,100
Luxembourger	500	275	225	30	20	10
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	2,705	1,335	1,375
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	140	75	60
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	14,985	7,075	7,910
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	3,700	1,695	2,005
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	1,140	505	630
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	660	295	370
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	5,170	2,535	2,635
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	3,565	1,575	1,990
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	1,365	750	620
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	29,685	14,315	15,370
Bulgarian	355	190	160	280	130	145
Byelorussian	290	150	140	195	85	105
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	1,165	620	545
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	420	175	245
Estonian	265	150	115	345	185	165
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	2,700	1,320	1,380
Latvian	535	265	265	380	160	220
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	1,150	510	635
Moldovan	345	145	200	10	0	10
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	11,575	5,525	6,050
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	1,190	540	650
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	4,775	2,210	2,570
Slovak	1,390	750	645	610	320	290
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	9,115	4,475	4,640
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	310	150	160
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	28,680	13,790	14,890
Albanian	605	310	290	285	140	145
Bosnian	515	260	260	155	75	75
Catalan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	680	325	360
Cypriot	45	35	10	40	30	15
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	3,360	1,705	1,650
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	15,620	7,605	8,015
Kosovar	30	25	10	255	115	145
Macedonian	110	45	65	165	90	80
Maltese	125	65	60	440	215	220
Montenegrin	85	40	40	20	10	10
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	3,580	1,700	1,880
Serbian	1,300	670	630	255	120	135
Sicilian	100	75	25	40	20	15
Slovenian	640	275	365	150	70	85
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	4,300	1,875	2,425
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	400	205	200
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	85	50	40
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	5,465	2,845	2,625
Basque	50	40	10	160	75	85
Jewish	1,725	905	815	2,040	1,040	1,000
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	135	110	25
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	25	25	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	3,145	1,610	1,535
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	5,220	2,580	2,640
Antiguan	0	0	0	100	50	55
Bahamian	15	10	0	230	105	115
Barbadian	110	45	60	575	300	275
Bermudan	20	20	0	185	90	100
Carib	10	0	10	45	30	10
Cuban	185	125	55	340	145	195
Dominican	115	75	45	150	85	65
Grenadian	60	25	30	35	20	20
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	115	50	65
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	2,075	1,050	1,025
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	45	15	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	10	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	115	40	75
St. Lucian	45	15	25	65	20	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	325	170	155
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	35	20	15
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	785	420	365
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	330	155	180
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	3,055	1,525	1,525
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	185	90	100
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	160	60	95	65	40	25
Belizean	55	35	15	25	20	10
Bolivian	45	30	15	40	20	15
Brazilian	305	150	155	280	140	135
Chilean	860	450	415	130	80	45
Colombian	705	335	370	430	210	225
Costa Rican	50	15	35	35	10	25
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	50	20	30
Guatemalan	270	135	140	90	65	35
Guyanese	185	110	75	350	160	195
Hispanic	125	75	50	60	35	25
Honduran	95	45	50	50	35	20
Maya	140	75	65	70	35	30
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	810	415	395
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	45	20	25
Panamanian	15	0	10	25	10	15
Paraguayan	40	30	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	295	120	175	180	85	95
Salvadorean	765	350	415	110	75	35
Uruguayan	65	20	40	15	0	20
Venezuelan	55	30	30	80	50	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	185	80	105
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	17,655	8,560	9,095
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	1,335	700	635
Akan	115	80	40	10	0	10
Angolan	10	0	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	10	10	0	0	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Burkinabe	20	15	10	0	0	10
Cameroonian	205	90	110	70	35	35
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	240	180	95	85
Edo	40	20	15	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gambian	40	20	15	10	0	10
Ghanaian	555	320	235	185	105	85
Guinean	25	20	10	30	20	10
Ibo	485	275	215	90	50	40
Ivorian	75	35	45	10	0	0
Liberian	85	25	60	15	10	10
Malian	30	15	15	10	0	10
Malinké	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	445	240	210
Peulh	0	0	0	0	10	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	10	10	0
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	80	45	35
Togolese	55	35	20	70	30	35
Wolof	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	65	25	45
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	120	65	50
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	2,030	1,045	980
Algerian	70	50	15	85	45	40
Berber	55	45	15	70	50	20
Coptic	40	15	20	30	10	20
Dinka	35	20	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	535	290	245	1,295	695	600
Libyan	205	115	85	215	105	110
Maure	0	0	0	10	0	10
Moroccan	220	110	115	130	60	70
Sudanese	935	515	420	130	50	80
Tunisian	105	60	50	65	25	35
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	90	40	50
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	1,865	920	945
Afrikaner	60	35	30	25	10	20
Amhara	20	10	10	10	10	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	10	10	0
Burundian	300	155	145	10	0	0
Djiboutian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	160	85	75
Ethiopian	675	335	345	280	120	155
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	160	85	75
Malagasy	10	0	10	20	0	15
Mauritian	205	90	110	0	0	0
Oromo	140	65	75	25	15	15
Rwandan	80	20	60	105	55	50
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,275	635	635	180	75	100
South African	1,295	680	615	520	255	265
Tanzanian	55	35	20	60	45	20
Tigrian	45	30	15	15	0	10
Ugandan	90	40	50	60	25	40
Zambian	190	90	100	80	35	50
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	100	55	45
Zulu	35	30	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	170	100	75
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	12,620	5,990	6,635
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	2,255	1,060	1,195
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	10,460	4,965	5,495
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	42,500	21,445	21,050
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	17,205	8,915	8,295
Afghan	780	390	385	230	80	150
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	1,600	835	770
Armenian	240	130	115	265	160	110
Assyrian	215	120	95	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	20	20	0
Georgian	35	20	10	20	15	10
Hazara	25	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian	1,345	740	600	1,405	785	620
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	595	270	325
Israeli	120	75	50	245	120	120
Jordanian	75	40	30	260	150	115
Kazakh	30	15	15	45	30	20
Kurd	200	110	90	230	120	115
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	245	115	130
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	0	0	0
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	7,445	3,815	3,630
Palestinian	120	60	55	990	535	455
Pashtun	175	100	75	30	15	10
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	725	470	255
Syrian	1,365	740	625	2,190	1,090	1,100
Tajik	10	10	0	20	10	10
Tatar	60	25	35	40	15	25
Turk	860	450	405	690	320	370
Turkmen	20	10	10	10	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	70	15	50	90	60	30
Yemeni	45	20	20	205	105	95
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	780	410	370
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	8,495	4,690	3,805
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	240	135	110
Bengali	600	350	250	65	40	20
Bhutanese	210	110	100	225	100	125
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	6,255	3,460	2,795
Goan	45	25	15	10	10	0
Gujarati	195	105	95	10	0	0
Kashmiri	115	75	40	0	10	0
Nepali	565	320	245	430	220	210
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	665	405	260
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	230	110	115
Sinhalese	65	30	30	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	340	150	190
Tamil	120	65	55	60	30	35
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	470	290	175
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	16,715	7,850	8,870
Burmese	465	210	260	15	0	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	55	15	40
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	9,695	4,720	4,980
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	3,580	1,585	1,995
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	140	65	75
Japanese	1,220	530	690	905	385	515
Karen	585	290	290	0	0	0
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	1,590	700	895
Laotian	705	335	380	15	0	10
Malaysian	160	75	80	80	30	45
Mongolian	205	105	100	55	30	30
Singaporean	10	0	10	10	10	0
Taiwanese	265	115	155	240	100	140
Thai	420	170	250	245	85	155
Tibetan	50	35	25	10	0	10
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	760	355	410
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	75	45	25
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	410	190	215
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	410	190	215
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	895	450	445
Australian	890	505	385	490	255	235
New Zealander	265	140	125	290	155	130
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	125	55	70
Fijian	110	60	50	15	10	10
Hawaiian	25	10	10	25	10	15
Maori	45	0	35	40	20	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	20	15	10
Samoan	55	25	30	10	0	10
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	30	0	20
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	276,095	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	123,595	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	2,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	13,370	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	388,625	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	1,140	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	45,675	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	105,410	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	158,975	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	90,785	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	87,755	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	64,655	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	66,855	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	57,085	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	125,635	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	399,855	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	2,130	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	390,445	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	11,540	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	112,530	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	113,715	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	59,105	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	49,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	23,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	23,925	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	19,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	366,615	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	35,375	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	401,990	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	241,800	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	152,970	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	7,220	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	401,990	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	14,575	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	49,695	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	59,550	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	77,555	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	85,360	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	66,865	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	35,980	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	12,405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	395,860	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	310,540	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	85,315	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	74,290	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	273,525	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	819	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	987	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	199,886	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	230,441	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	123,060	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	42.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	849	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	909	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	774,745	372,455	402,295
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	153,705	79,885	73,825
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	195,900	95,205	100,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	425,140	197,365	227,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	76,810	54,075	22,735
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	42,625	25,015	17,610
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	34,185	29,060	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	168,805	67,030	101,775
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	18,380	6,975	11,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	161,150	69,290	91,855
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	108,385	45,185	63,205
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	9,495	4,020	5,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	4,700	2,595	2,110
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	32,645	13,840	18,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	5,925	3,655	2,270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	494,505	237,795	256,710
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	60,280	34,820	25,460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	116,280	57,600	58,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	317,950	145,375	172,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	52,370	37,255	15,115
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	29,105	17,300	11,810
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	23,265	19,955	3,310
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	128,010	51,890	76,120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	11,595	4,325	7,275
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	125,970	51,905	74,065
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	85,240	34,830	50,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	6,895	2,610	4,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	3,775	1,850	1,925
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	26,025	10,380	15,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	4,045	2,240	1,805
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	774,750	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	349,605	175,090	174,520
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	31,395	8,460	22,930
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	31,390	8,465	22,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	10,700	5,095	5,605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	2,070	1,565	505
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	8,635	3,530	5,100
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	18,830	7,520	11,310
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	1,175	355	820
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	5,110	1,530	3,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	4,545	1,540	3,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	65	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	1,240	675	565
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	2,200	1,340	860
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	3,615	1,865	1,755
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	880	190	695
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	40,155	11,980	28,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	635	145	490
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	3,285	1,260	2,025
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	9,115	750	8,365
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	6,110	1,920	4,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	610	135	475
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	8,170	2,060	6,110
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	12,240	5,710	6,520
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	93,075	27,030	66,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	205	55	150
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	6,285	1,345	4,940
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	86,590	25,630	60,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	15,340	7,650	7,685
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	6,910	2,990	3,925
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	3,340	1,455	1,880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	165	35	120
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	4,260	3,005	1,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	665	165	500
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	15,745	9,355	6,390
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	12,750	8,055	4,695
25. Library science	990	85	905	1,210	175	1,040
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	1,590	995	600
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	200	135	65
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	92,920	87,340	5,580
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	1,370	860	510
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	11,925	10,290	1,640
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	17,805	16,110	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	24,800	24,235	570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	25,465	24,680	780
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	11,545	11,165	380
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	7,630	4,615	3,015
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	4,215	2,160	2,055
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	3,410	2,450	960
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	66,770	10,595	56,175
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	3,560	1,730	1,825
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	61,755	7,955	53,800
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	1,460	910	550
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	32,535	17,700	14,830
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	17,625	4,455	13,170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	250	240	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	905	850	50
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	4,540	3,535	1,005
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	9,220	8,625	600
Other	40	20	20	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	50	10	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	494,505	237,795	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	176,560	92,420	84,135
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	20,590	4,940	15,650
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	20,585	4,940	15,650
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	8,145	3,855	4,285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	1,515	1,140	375
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	6,630	2,715	3,915
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	13,745	5,275	8,465
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	895	280	615
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	3,800	1,095	2,705
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	3,425	1,125	2,305
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	60	25	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	910	490	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	1,330	795	535
54. History	1,365	725	640	2,710	1,340	1,370
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	620	130	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	32,650	9,150	23,500
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	520	110	410
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	2,750	1,030	1,720
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	7,395	580	6,810
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	5,225	1,380	3,845
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	460	100	355
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	6,545	1,580	4,970
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	9,755	4,360	5,390
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	69,255	20,285	48,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	175	40	135
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	5,140	1,025	4,120
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	63,935	19,220	44,715
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	11,075	5,385	5,690
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	5,285	2,240	3,045
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	2,390	1,030	1,360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	2,910	2,005	905
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	365	85	275
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	13,625	8,240	5,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	11,505	7,330	4,170
25. Library science	730	60	670	815	115	700
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	1,130	660	470
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	175	125	50
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	67,930	63,180	4,750
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	1,020	585	430
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	8,585	7,230	1,355
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	13,410	11,920	1,495
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	10
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	18,355	17,835	515
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	18,540	17,910	625
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	8,020	7,700	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	5,995	3,475	2,520
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	3,270	1,570	1,695
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	2,725	1,905	825
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	50,220	8,215	42,010
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	2,730	1,350	1,380
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	46,385	6,215	40,165
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	1,110	650	460
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	24,685	13,375	11,310
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	13,490	3,480	10,000
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	205	200	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	475	435	40
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	3,465	2,655	815
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	7,045	6,595	450
Other	35	15	20	45	10	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	50	10	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	774,745	372,455	402,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	349,605	175,090	174,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	425,145	197,365	227,775
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	396,690	182,875	213,810
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	315,140	141,965	173,175
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	81,550	40,915	40,640
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	28,450	14,485	13,965
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	7,950	4,110	3,840
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	1,530	540	995
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	1,755	935	825
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	5,530	3,225	2,305
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	1,080	445	635
France	220	125	95	350	210	145
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	10,255	5,030	5,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	494,510	237,800	256,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	176,560	92,420	84,140
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	317,950	145,380	172,575
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	297,430	135,465	161,965
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	236,720	105,480	131,235
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	60,710	29,980	30,730
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	20,525	9,915	10,605
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	4,905	2,370	2,540
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	1,415	520	900
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	1,385	725	660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	3,455	1,930	1,525
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	810	335	475
France	200	115	85	245	140	100
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	8,305	3,900	4,405
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	774,750	372,455	402,290
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	474,595	242,775	231,820
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	427,310	215,010	212,305
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	47,280	27,765	19,520
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	300,155	129,680	170,475
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	61.3	65.2	57.6
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	55.2	57.7	52.8
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	10.0	11.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	774,750	372,455	402,295
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	274,375	117,550	156,825
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	500,370	254,905	245,465
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	252,820	135,940	116,880
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	247,550	118,965	128,585
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	41.6	41.5	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	474,590	242,775	231,820
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	9,265	4,800	4,470
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	465,330	237,975	227,350
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	420,745	210,170	210,570
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	44,585	27,805	16,775
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	474,595	242,775	231,820
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	9,265	4,800	4,470
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	465,330	237,975	227,350
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	45,530	27,170	18,365
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	67,495	17,930	49,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	27,450	21,980	5,465
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	37,600	6,290	31,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	58,165	20,975	37,185
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	12,490	5,560	6,930
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	113,135	45,385	67,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	67,625	64,200	3,430
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	18,380	15,730	2,650
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	17,460	12,755	4,705
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	474,595	242,775	231,820
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	9,265	4,795	4,465
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	465,330	237,975	227,350
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	17,775	14,165	3,610
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	4,025	3,630	390
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	2,880	2,115	760
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	33,555	30,185	3,370
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	32,375	23,565	8,810
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	13,345	9,650	3,690
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	59,570	26,295	33,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	19,660	14,980	4,680
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	9,310	5,250	4,055
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	15,240	5,690	9,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	6,870	3,890	2,980
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	26,065	14,090	11,975
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	625	255	365
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	22,240	12,950	9,295
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	35,480	11,705	23,780
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	64,390	10,435	53,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	9,385	4,555	4,835
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	33,115	12,095	21,025
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	19,195	8,875	10,320
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	40,225	23,590	16,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	427,310	215,010	212,300
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	28,075	13,780	14,300
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	1,665	1,185	485
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	51,545	38,965	12,575
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	346,020	161,075	184,945
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	251,000	116,125	134,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	57,510	23,850	33,655
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	32,230	17,425	14,805
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	5,285	3,675	1,610
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	397,570	200,045	197,525
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	310,240	159,660	150,580
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	29,150	12,090	17,055
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	25,315	11,425	13,890
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	24,870	11,635	13,235
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	2,480	1,695	785
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	5,520	3,535	1,985
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	397,565	200,045	197,525
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	136,245	62,375	73,880
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	145,310	73,055	72,260
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	69,795	37,770	32,025
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	24,405	13,070	11,335
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	21,815	13,785	8,030
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	397,570	200,045	197,520
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	23,775	16,345	7,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	76,185	44,615	31,570
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	119,920	60,740	59,185
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	83,505	32,835	50,670
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	35,470	14,005	21,465
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	58,715	31,510	27,205
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	514,080	261,365	252,710
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	510,800	259,940	250,860
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	509,100	258,990	250,105
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	502,960	256,380	246,585
French	1,995	590	1,405	6,135	2,615	3,525
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	1,705	950	755
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	650	350	295
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	650	355	295
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	645	350	290
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	645	355	295
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	1,055	600	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	195	150	45
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	190	150	45
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	75	65	0	165	135	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	15	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	20	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	385	225	160
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	30	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	25	20	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	10	25	20	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	190	115	75
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Dutch	40	25	20	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	155	85	65
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	20	10	0
Greek	0	0	10	0	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	50	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	20	20	0
Bengali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	15	15	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	30	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	30	15	15
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	105	40	60	75	30	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	35	10	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	50	20	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	45	20	25
American Sign Language	10	0	10	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	25	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	310	165	145
Chinese languages	990	540	450	305	165	145
Cantonese	250	140	105	80	45	35
Hakka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	605	310	300	210	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	15	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Burmese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	3,270	1,420	1,850
English and French	650	235	410	2,295	950	1,345
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	930	460	470
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	10
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	40	15	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	514,075	261,365	252,710
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	491,875	250,710	241,170
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	5,115	2,370	2,745
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	13,405	6,555	6,855
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	3,430	1,600	1,825
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	855	365	490
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	2,570	1,240	1,330
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	10	0	10	0	10	0
French and non-official language	170	90	85	230	130	105
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	900,450	436,790	463,660
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	792,100	384,560	407,535
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	108,350	52,230	56,120
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	68,165	32,930	35,235
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	40,185	19,300	20,885
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	33,720	16,055	17,665
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	18,480	8,390	10,090
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	15,240	7,665	7,570
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	6,470	3,240	3,225
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	866,425	419,580	446,845
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	582,705	283,125	299,575
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	283,720	136,455	147,265
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	169,570	81,405	88,165
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	114,150	55,045	59,100
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	94,885	45,015	49,860
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	50,330	23,230	27,095
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	44,555	21,785	22,770
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	19,270	10,035	9,240

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Nova Scotia [Province]