Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Feedback

Charts (using rates) Download Hierarchies

The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	British Columbia [Province]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , British Columbia [Province] Map : British Columbia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,648,055	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,400,057	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,063,417	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,881,969	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.0	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	922,503.01	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	691,390	355,400	335,985	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	220,625	113,355	107,275	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	236,900	122,070	114,830	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	233,860	119,975	113,885	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	258,980	133,000	125,985	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	287,560	147,615	139,945	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	303,000	151,585	151,415	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	313,750	155,035	158,715	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	293,590	143,070	150,520	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	295,045	141,930	153,115	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	322,365	155,325	167,040	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	354,375	172,065	182,310	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	354,925	171,210	183,715	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	324,095	156,450	167,645	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	848,985	395,560	453,425	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	287,520	139,490	148,035	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	201,785	97,675	104,110	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	145,225	68,715	76,510	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	105,255	48,645	56,610	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	109,190	41,035	68,155	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	67,510	27,930	39,575	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	31,815	10,615	21,205	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	8,545	2,215	6,330	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	1,325	275	1,050	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.6	14.2	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.0	66.7	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	18.3	17.4	19.1	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	42.3	41.5	43.1	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	43.0	41.9	44.0	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	830,660	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	177,830	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	824,190	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	57,395	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	147,830	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230,075	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385,140	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,755	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	49,290	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	541,910	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	663,770	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	277,690	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	243,125	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	155,470	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,560,240	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	1,925,345	959,690	965,645	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	371,985	186,485	185,505	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	1,659,335	776,660	882,675	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	1,076,085	582,975	493,110	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	105,700	45,225	60,475	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	263,870	103,475	160,395	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	213,685	44,990	168,700	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,311,340	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	703,685	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	275,965	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	243,960	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	87,730	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,311,345	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	1,113,405	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	927,440	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	185,960	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	197,940	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	155,670	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	42,265	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,113,400	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	577,790	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	535,610	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	221,065	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	230,705	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	83,840	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	197,940	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	125,890	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	54,900	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	17,145	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	882,895	418,495	464,405	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	1,195,735	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	527,700	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	668,035	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55,620	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	630,620	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	541,915	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,705	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	1,810	820	985	1,485	680	800
English and French	314,925	140,650	174,275	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	153,910	63,795	90,115	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	55,325	27,680	27,640	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	18,000	8,315	9,685	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	151,760	62,720	89,040	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	64,325	31,840	32,480	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	57,425	28,615	28,810	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	1,267,460	591,400	676,060	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	8,435	3,940	4,490	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	1,050	445	605	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	40	5	35	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	840	375	465	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	30	5	20
Plains Cree	150	60	85	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	15	10	745	305	440
Woods Cree	60	25	35	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	585	270	320	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	10	5	5
Malecite	5	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	105	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	135	50	90	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,310	1,045	1,260	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,295	1,045	1,250	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	55	0	0	0
Beaver	160	75	85	0	0	0
Carrier	1,005	460	550	0	0	0
Chilcotin	650	295	355	0	0	0
Dene	90	35	50	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Sekani	85	40	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	75	30	45	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	5	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	50	25	30	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	105	45	50	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	0	5
Haida	70	30	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	80	30	55	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	5	0	0
Inuktitut	50	20	30	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	100	55	50	0	0	0
Michif	35	20	10	80	40	40
Salish languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	0	0	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	0
Halkomelem	475	230	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	160	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	435	220	215	0	0	0
Squamish	35	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	330	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	0	0	0
Siouan languages	45	25	20	630	305	330
Dakota	30	15	20	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,460	715	740	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	875	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	385	195	190	0	0	0
Tsimshian	195	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	795	365	435	5	0	0
Haisla	90	40	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	100	45	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	320	140	180	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	275	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	190	80	110	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,259,025	587,455	671,570	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,870	13,405	11,465	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	115	75	45	40	25	15
Kabyle	40	30	15	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	30	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	1,505	765	740	1,750	875	875
Bilen	5	0	0	155	85	70
Oromo	205	115	95	345	175	170
Somali	1,270	640	640	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	10	10	0
Semitic languages	23,195	12,540	10,655	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	1,370	670	700	1,770	885	885
Arabic	17,480	9,595	7,890	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	650	315	330	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	440	245	200	0	0	0
Harari	20	5	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	2,065	1,125	940	545	320	225
Maltese	215	100	115	40	20	25
Tigrigna	805	395	405	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	28,740	13,170	15,575	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,560	710	850	280	135	145
Vietnamese	27,150	12,440	14,710	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	96,535	38,765	57,770	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	375	165	215	175	80	95
Cebuano	4,065	1,565	2,505	1,245	565	675
Fijian	470	240	230	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	1,470	550	920	390	170	220
Ilocano	5,240	2,055	3,190	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	20	10	15	0	0	5
Malay	3,895	1,675	2,220	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	320	380	655	315	340
Pangasinan	295	130	170	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	78,770	31,550	47,220	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	215	85	135	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	435	580	150	70	85
Creole languages	840	440	400	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	500	255	245	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	7,500	3,995	3,510	1,565	825	735
Kannada	280	150	135	95	50	40
Malayalam	2,385	1,260	1,130	790	410	380
Tamil	3,615	1,875	1,740	480	255	230
Telugu	1,175	695	480	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	140	75	70	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	588,175	286,135	302,035	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	1,465	765	705	350	170	180
Armenian	1,195	600	600	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	83,110	38,595	44,515	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	1,070	485	585	165	65	95
Latvian	565	255	300	80	35	45
Lithuanian	505	225	280	85	35	45
Slavic languages	82,040	38,110	43,930	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	95	45	50	40	20	25
Bosnian	1,360	675	685	575	285	290
Bulgarian	2,025	955	1,070	140	70	65
Croatian	7,475	3,655	3,820	1,030	505	530
Czech	5,920	2,850	3,070	615	310	310
Macedonian	325	160	165	145	70	75
Polish	16,910	7,875	9,035	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	25,955	11,640	14,310	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	7,045	3,600	3,450	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	1,395	670	725	240	110	130
Slovak	3,400	1,525	1,870	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,160	545	615	270	130	140
Ukrainian	8,630	3,730	4,900	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	75	40	30
Celtic languages	615	325	290	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	240	130	110	50	25	20
Welsh	280	145	135	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	10	10	0
Germanic languages	101,725	48,350	53,380	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	3,260	1,655	1,610	420	220	205
Danish	4,665	2,280	2,385	280	145	135
Dutch	21,020	10,130	10,895	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	295	145	145	55	30	25
German	66,885	31,525	35,360	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	275	135	145	475	210	260
Norwegian	2,005	970	1,035	115	45	65
Swedish	2,520	1,100	1,420	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	445	220	225	310	125	180
Yiddish	290	150	140	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	25	10	10
Greek	6,115	3,245	2,870	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	297,800	147,830	149,970	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	251,000	124,260	126,740	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	3,180	1,665	1,510	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	6,895	3,290	3,605	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	26,720	12,910	13,810	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	65	35	25	5	5	5
Konkani	255	130	125	35	20	15
Marathi	620	325	295	135	80	50
Nepali	1,155	620	540	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	198,805	98,525	100,285	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	1,675	780	895	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,675	845	830	670	345	320
Urdu	9,885	5,090	4,795	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	46,390	23,355	23,035	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	1,765	945	825	415	210	200
Pashto	1,155	615	535	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	43,470	21,795	21,675	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	410	220	195	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	96,135	46,430	49,710	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	160	85	75	0	0	5
Italian	22,680	11,445	11,230	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	17,450	8,240	9,210	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	8,730	4,250	4,480	645	310	335
Spanish	47,010	22,335	24,675	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	15	5	10
Japanese	21,350	7,195	14,150	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	15	10	10
Georgian	85	50	40	15	5	5
Korean	52,160	23,495	28,670	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	360	150	205	20	5	15
Mongolian	360	155	210	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	3,725	1,875	1,850	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	495	275	220	150	90	65
Bamanankan	10	5	5	75	25	45
Edo	85	50	35	40	20	15
Ewe	85	45	35	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	65	35	30
Ga	45	20	25	15	10	5
Ganda	90	45	45	50	20	30
Igbo	245	145	105	280	155	130
Lingala	80	30	45	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	60	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	70	80	250	125	120
Shona	215	100	115	110	50	60
Swahili	805	400	405	870	420	455
Wolof	50	25	25	75	50	25
Yoruba	330	185	150	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	885	410	480	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	175	165	395	215	180
Dinka	105	60	45	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	225	125	100
Sign languages	1,155	610	545	440	230	210
American Sign Language	470	230	240	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	690	380	305	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	410,920	187,725	223,190	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	408,415	186,455	221,960	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	193,530	89,325	104,210	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	2,325	1,010	1,315	55	30	25
Mandarin	186,325	84,370	101,955	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	230	105	120	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,210	4,995	6,215	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,540	1,995	2,545	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,050	4,570	5,480	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	205	85	120	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,500	1,265	1,230	575	295	285
Burmese	1,125	580	545	85	50	30
Karenic languages	815	395	425	430	215	220
Tibetan	330	175	160	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	230	120	110	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	3,985	1,335	2,650	1,120	525	595
Lao	1,100	550	550	875	445	430
Thai	2,865	775	2,090	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	5	0	0
Turkic languages	4,140	2,295	1,845	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	530	290	235	30	20	15
Turkish	3,145	1,790	1,360	210	120	95
Uyghur	170	85	85	10	5	10
Uzbek	105	50	55	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	190	80	110	40	25	20
Uralic languages	13,490	6,285	7,205	1,440	655	790
Estonian	705	295	410	30	10	15
Finnish	3,760	1,555	2,200	225	85	135
Hungarian	9,025	4,435	4,590	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	500	280	225	155	85	70
Multiple responses	103,415	49,625	53,795	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	10,065	4,815	5,250	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	89,135	42,820	46,315	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	2,100	1,040	1,065	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	2,115	950	1,165	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	16,795	8,195	8,605	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	717,375	337,200	380,180	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	1,565	765	795	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	40	45	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	120	45	75
Woods Cree	0	0	5	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	610	290	320	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	605	290	315	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	40	20	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	110	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	260	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	15	5	10	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	10	5	10
Salish languages	275	130	150	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	15	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	50	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	5	0	0	0	0
Straits	25	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	15	10	5	35	25	10
Dakota	10	10	5	35	25	10
Stoney	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	405	215	195	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	310	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	45	25	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	715,815	336,435	379,380	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,990	7,065	6,920	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	45	25	20	20	15	5
Kabyle	20	10	15	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	770	355	415	1,185	550	630
Bilen	0	0	0	120	65	55
Oromo	90	50	45	210	95	115
Somali	665	300	360	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	5	10	0
Semitic languages	13,155	6,680	6,475	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	600	275	320	1,045	520	525
Arabic	10,415	5,335	5,080	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	405	195	210	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	0	0	0
Harari	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	900	465	440	355	195	160
Maltese	15	5	10	10	5	5
Tigrigna	410	190	225	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,870	8,305	9,560	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	800	375	420	125	55	70
Vietnamese	17,055	7,920	9,130	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40,605	17,945	22,660	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	75	30	35	30	15	15
Cebuano	1,305	585	715	495	250	245
Fijian	110	65	55	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	415	175	240	125	55	75
Ilocano	1,615	695	930	390	190	200
Malagasy	10	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	1,120	510	605	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	70	80	245	120	130
Pangasinan	55	25	30	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,375	15,600	19,770	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	55	25	35	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	310	150	160	30	15	15
Creole languages	335	150	180	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	235	105	130	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	3,940	1,995	1,940	800	400	400
Kannada	110	55	60	45	25	25
Malayalam	1,225	615	605	405	195	205
Tamil	2,055	1,025	1,030	240	120	120
Telugu	535	295	240	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	282,090	137,135	144,955	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	695	335	360	155	80	75
Armenian	545	240	305	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	31,640	15,150	16,490	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	210	90	115	25	10	15
Latvian	80	30	50	15	5	5
Lithuanian	125	60	65	10	5	5
Slavic languages	31,430	15,060	16,370	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	15	5	5	0	5	0
Bosnian	595	300	300	285	145	140
Bulgarian	1,035	485	550	65	30	30
Croatian	2,235	1,055	1,180	320	145	180
Czech	1,595	800	795	115	55	60
Macedonian	150	75	75	85	35	45
Polish	5,690	2,720	2,970	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	13,310	6,290	7,020	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	3,695	1,870	1,825	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	500	235	265	90	40	50
Slovak	1,000	480	520	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	85	55	20	30
Ukrainian	1,430	665	765	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	10	5	5
Celtic languages	70	40	30	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	10	5	5	0
Welsh	25	10	10	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	14,430	6,870	7,555	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	1,475	715	760	200	100	100
Danish	305	145	160	10	5	5
Dutch	1,895	890	1,005	270	135	130
Frisian	10	5	5	10	5	5
German	10,085	4,795	5,295	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	75	35	35	35	15	20
Norwegian	140	60	80	10	5	5
Swedish	360	170	195	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	15	5	10
Yiddish	10	10	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	465	240	225
Greek	2,010	975	1,035	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	194,590	95,380	99,215	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	164,185	80,610	83,575	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	1,815	895	920	690	390	305
Gujarati	2,970	1,320	1,645	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	12,310	5,890	6,425	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	40	25	25	10	5	5
Marathi	270	140	130	40	25	20
Nepali	665	345	320	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	139,080	68,565	70,515	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	615	270	345	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	675	330	340	360	190	170
Urdu	5,705	2,825	2,880	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	30,205	14,665	15,540	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	1,080	540	535	275	135	140
Pashto	700	350	350	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	28,420	13,765	14,660	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	38,110	18,145	19,970	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	65	35	35	0	0	0
Italian	5,200	2,245	2,955	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	6,725	3,140	3,580	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	3,800	1,830	1,970	235	110	125
Spanish	22,310	10,900	11,410	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0	0	0
Japanese	9,860	4,070	5,790	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	10	5	0
Georgian	30	15	15	10	5	5
Korean	38,605	17,785	20,820	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	170	80	90	5	0	5
Mongolian	165	80	85	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	960	430	530	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	150	80	65	45	30	20
Bamanankan	5	5	5	15	5	5
Edo	15	10	10	5	5	0
Ewe	20	5	10	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	35	15	15
Ga	5	5	0	5	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	5	0	0
Igbo	40	20	15	75	40	35
Lingala	35	15	20	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	40	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	105	55	50
Shona	65	25	40	10	5	10
Swahili	200	90	115	500	240	265
Wolof	20	10	10	25	20	10
Yoruba	60	30	35	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	85	120	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	60	75	130	60	70
Dinka	55	30	20	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	55	30	25
Sign languages	1,535	850	685	560	310	255
American Sign Language	455	230	225	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,080	615	460	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	299,420	137,555	161,865	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	297,675	136,670	161,000	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	137,075	62,545	74,525	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	700	295	410	25	10	15
Mandarin	146,435	67,695	78,740	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	65	25	35	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,820	2,185	2,630	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,595	1,195	1,400	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,885	2,680	3,205	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,745	885	865	465	235	225
Burmese	720	375	350	55	30	25
Karenic languages	725	355	370	370	190	180
Tibetan	205	110	90	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	1,380	595	785	535	250	280
Lao	460	225	235	430	210	220
Thai	920	370	545	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,695	880	815	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	195	105	95	10	5	10
Turkish	1,310	685	630	65	35	35
Uyghur	95	50	50	0	0	0
Uzbek	45	25	20	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	25	10	15
Uralic languages	3,005	1,415	1,590	305	140	165
Estonian	95	40	55	0	0	0
Finnish	725	325	400	35	15	15
Hungarian	2,185	1,050	1,130	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	40	25	20
Multiple responses	232,540	110,375	122,165	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	6,155	2,970	3,185	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	222,670	105,750	116,920	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	650	290	360	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	3,065	1,365	1,700	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	274,535	132,990	141,545	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	41,020	18,435	22,590	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	340,930	158,590	182,345	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	7,985	3,765	4,215	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	332,945	154,820	178,125	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	1,195	545	650	305	150	150
English and non-official language	5,660	2,655	3,005	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	3,765	1,745	2,020	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,012	40,370	27,543	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,783	35,383	25,659	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,585	39,557	25,304	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,592	3,717	4,920	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,713	39,186	26,034	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	54,797	36,901	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	44,282	31,874	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	54,787	35,271	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,255	7,171	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	52,171	34,149	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,147,070	652,115	494,950	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,940	61,004	47,039	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,625	72,840	53,801	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	91.7	84.9	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	74.4	65.8	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	8.3	15.1	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	142,970	67,370	75,600	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	573,315	240,120	333,195	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	653,915	262,225	391,685	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	503,290	209,095	294,195	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	424,330	188,860	235,470	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	366,220	173,020	193,200	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	286,310	148,095	138,215	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	222,975	129,400	93,580	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	171,625	103,795	67,830	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	134,090	83,100	50,990	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	96,825	62,825	34,005	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	294,475	214,980	79,500	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	142,260	56,095	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	96,115	72,715	23,405	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	138,350	63,495	74,855	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	96.2	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	597,310	253,480	343,835	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	686,510	280,490	406,015	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	593,490	252,075	341,415	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	495,200	226,080	269,120	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	402,535	200,565	201,965	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	293,450	167,870	125,585	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	210,085	128,000	82,080	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	151,775	95,230	56,545	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	301,635	215,590	86,045	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	94,700	64,330	30,370	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	59,050	42,050	17,000	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	147,885	109,215	38,670	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	1,095,320	467,570	627,745	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	71.7	75.2	68.4	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	441,080	204,275	236,810	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	212,715	90,015	122,705	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	371,875	160,350	211,525	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	309,470	135,945	173,525	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	282,045	126,870	155,180	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	253,810	118,870	134,935	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	203,885	107,605	96,280	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	163,740	98,205	65,535	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	132,340	82,120	50,220	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	404,040	291,050	112,990	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	106,680	67,815	38,860	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	76,470	51,990	24,480	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	220,890	171,245	49,645	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,995	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,280	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	541,915	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,701	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,899	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,340,055	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,466	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,108	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,354	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,209	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	541,925	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,696	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,091	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,340,045	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,010	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,816	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,881,965	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	43,415	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,140	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55,745	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,565	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	78,695	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,985	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	78,080	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,395	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	76,775	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	75,860	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	143,475	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	132,845	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,350	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,350	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	99,420	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	607,855	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	198,140	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	138,420	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	149,210	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	122,080	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,881,965	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	46,350	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,605	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,780	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80,315	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	89,795	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,035	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	93,640	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,220	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	91,635	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	88,520	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	165,685	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150,650	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	136,430	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	118,520	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	101,185	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	454,595	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	187,490	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	111,260	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	155,845	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,276,275	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,451	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,002	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	519,030	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,788	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,464	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	536,175	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,736	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,176	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	179,945	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,056	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,668	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,275,865	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,241	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,792	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	518,295	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,772	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,021	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	536,580	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,213	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	179,615	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,004	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,655	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	768,855	373,390	395,465	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,255	33,342	29,674	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,320	29,815	27,221	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	766,660	371,595	395,060	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,666	44,615	38,892	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,191	37,100	33,395	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	537,405	258,275	279,140	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	449,395	205,320	244,075	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	420,355	198,845	221,510	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	422,805	203,710	219,095	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	435,290	212,555	222,735	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	442,070	218,225	223,845	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	451,795	226,240	225,555	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	462,900	233,935	228,970	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	473,535	241,165	232,375	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	464,685	239,235	225,450	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	822,390	422,685	399,710	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	260,110	133,670	126,445	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	778,990	369,345	409,645	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	694,960	325,015	369,940	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	151,880	78,110	73,770	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	46,920	24,035	22,885	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	427,085	198,475	228,615	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	115,990	48,430	67,560	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.8	16.2	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.5	18.5	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	18.1	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.1	15.5	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.1	16.5	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	491,645	236,430	255,215	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	99,330	50,890	48,450	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	29,250	14,930	14,315	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	345,345	165,740	179,605	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	46,965	19,805	27,165	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.0	10.8	11.2	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.1	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	314,225	140,085	174,140	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	1,546,550	727,200	819,355	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	17,190	8,115	9,075	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	1,950	905	1,045	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	35	0	35	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,600	795	805	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	0	10	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	85	25	55
Plains Cree	345	160	180	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	25	30	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	80	45	40	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	1,090	560	525	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	10	10	0
Malecite	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	25	15	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	310	100	205	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	20	0	15	10	0	0
Ojibway	275	95	180	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,345	2,035	2,315	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	200	100	95	0	0	0
Beaver	255	130	130	0	0	0
Carrier	2,045	940	1,110	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,130	525	605	0	0	0
Dene	130	55	80	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	75	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	25	15	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	290	155	130	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tahltan	250	135	120	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	10	10	0
Haida	455	195	255	0	0	0
Inuit languages	170	70	95	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	10	10	0
Inuktitut	120	50	70	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	25	10	15	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	10
Kutenai	170	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	110	50	60	210	115	95
Salish languages	5,660	2,690	2,970	0	0	10
Comox	185	75	105	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,045	470	570	10	0	10
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	805	360	445	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,280	630	650	0	0	0
Squamish	280	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	440	220	220	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	0	0	0
Siouan languages	55	20	35	760	365	395
Dakota	30	15	15	760	360	400
Stoney	10	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	10	0
Tlingit	60	40	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,685	1,330	1,350	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,275	635	645	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Tsimshian	405	180	230	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,460	670	795	10	0	10
Haisla	175	65	105	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	120	50	70	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	590	275	315	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	560	265	295	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	240	105	135	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	719,190	810,440	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	35,115	18,585	16,530	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	145	95	45	85	50	40
Kabyle	65	40	25	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	2,070	955	1,120	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	20	10	15	210	120	85
Oromo	245	140	110	535	275	260
Somali	1,800	815	985	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	15	10
Semitic languages	33,110	17,660	15,460	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	2,095	1,050	1,045	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	24,230	13,180	11,050	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	570	285	285	10	0	0
Harari	55	35	20	0	10	0
Hebrew	5,450	2,805	2,645	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	315	155	155	65	30	35
Tigrigna	1,055	560	495	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	140	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	170	85	85	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,915	17,130	18,785	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,875	850	1,020	335	185	150
Vietnamese	34,140	16,295	17,840	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125,425	51,215	74,210	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	530	215	310	225	100	125
Cebuano	5,365	2,000	3,370	1,615	805	810
Fijian	1,095	655	440	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	1,685	710	975	425	180	245
Ilocano	6,450	2,480	3,970	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	7,495	3,480	4,010	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	855	365	495	945	415	530
Pangasinan	480	205	275	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	113,265	45,455	67,805	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	320	130	195	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,515	740	775	200	80	120
Creole languages	2,485	1,320	1,165	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	135	55	75	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	1,310	730	585	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,055	540	515	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	10,390	5,485	4,905	1,840	945	895
Kannada	510	250	265	175	95	80
Malayalam	3,350	1,795	1,550	830	400	430
Tamil	5,445	2,830	2,610	655	330	325
Telugu	1,720	970	750	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	165	85	80	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	764,815	371,760	393,060	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	1,640	840	795	390	195	195
Armenian	1,680	845	835	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	94,050	44,710	49,340	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	1,030	515	520	230	90	140
Latvian	555	290	265	115	45	70
Lithuanian	475	220	250	120	50	65
Slavic languages	93,235	44,305	48,940	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	245	115	125	65	25	45
Bosnian	2,075	1,020	1,050	835	405	430
Bulgarian	2,430	1,105	1,325	155	95	60
Croatian	10,685	5,255	5,430	1,595	765	825
Czech	7,480	3,665	3,815	735	335	395
Macedonian	400	220	185	140	75	60
Polish	19,175	8,980	10,190	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	33,990	15,850	18,135	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	9,110	4,625	4,485	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	1,525	770	750	190	75	115
Slovak	4,270	2,045	2,225	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	610	760	275	100	175
Ukrainian	10,740	4,835	5,905	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	420	215	205	70	35	30
Celtic languages	1,855	990	865	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	660	395	265	90	65	25
Welsh	345	145	195	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	860	450	410	45	15	25
Germanic languages	136,685	65,350	71,335	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	7,670	3,875	3,800	715	330	385
Danish	5,510	2,490	3,020	270	120	150
Dutch	24,060	11,520	12,550	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	465	230	240	90	65	30
German	95,005	45,840	49,165	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	405	210	195	560	225	335
Norwegian	2,845	1,425	1,415	290	115	175
Swedish	4,825	2,125	2,695	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	545	270	275	270	120	155
Yiddish	505	225	280	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	95	60	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	9,095	4,725	4,370	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	363,205	181,340	181,865	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	311,955	155,465	156,490	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	3,670	1,885	1,785	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	11,500	5,455	6,050	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	81,330	39,950	41,380	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	60	30	25	20	15	10
Konkani	415	215	200	40	30	10
Marathi	1,475	780	695	275	170	105
Nepali	1,485	725	760	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	30	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,485	122,450	122,035	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	3,300	1,415	1,885	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,430	1,265	1,170	920	500	420
Urdu	16,750	8,840	7,915	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	52,300	26,435	25,870	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	2,225	1,185	1,040	600	295	305
Pashto	1,660	940	725	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	49,835	25,135	24,690	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	450	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	177,685	83,505	94,185	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	395	210	180	15	10	10
Italian	37,475	18,075	19,400	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	23,260	11,060	12,200	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	10,045	4,945	5,105	785	395	390
Spanish	115,115	53,215	61,900	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	380	245	140	60	45	15
Japanese	36,990	15,955	21,040	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	115	55	60	10	0	15
Georgian	115	55	55	15	0	15
Korean	57,490	26,310	31,180	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	370	170	200	55	20	35
Mongolian	370	165	195	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	8,025	4,130	3,895	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	630	350	280	260	165	95
Bamanankan	30	20	15	160	95	65
Edo	145	80	60	95	60	30
Ewe	135	90	45	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	30	70	50	25	25
Ga	150	95	50	30	10	15
Ganda	165	80	85	230	110	120
Igbo	425	240	185	665	345	325
Lingala	280	125	150	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	45	75	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	125	165	305	155	155
Shona	415	220	195	250	110	140
Swahili	3,365	1,785	1,575	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	50	25	30	150	85	70
Yoruba	885	455	435	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,835	840	1,000	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	210	200	410	225	185
Dinka	85	50	35	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	225	120	105
Sign languages	7,545	2,865	4,680	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	3,860	1,280	2,575	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,780	1,615	2,160	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	457,595	211,220	246,375	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	454,885	209,850	245,030	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	234,445	108,485	125,960	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	2,715	1,290	1,430	50	30	20
Mandarin	265,635	119,995	145,640	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	130	55	75	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,410	7,230	9,185	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,600	2,445	3,155	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,380	4,725	5,650	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	200	75	120	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,000	1,500	1,505	675	310	370
Burmese	1,490	730	755	185	115	70
Karenic languages	955	485	465	465	200	265
Tibetan	375	205	165	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	150	180	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	5,635	2,190	3,450	1,565	730	835
Lao	1,630	735	890	1,120	520	600
Thai	4,275	1,535	2,740	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	6,785	3,685	3,095	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	945	510	435	50	25	30
Turkish	5,585	3,025	2,555	365	180	185
Uyghur	115	60	55	30	15	10
Uzbek	170	95	75	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	275	140	130	45	15	30
Uralic languages	15,280	7,095	8,185	1,550	730	815
Estonian	780	350	425	45	20	25
Finnish	4,030	1,640	2,385	265	105	160
Hungarian	10,495	5,100	5,395	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,045	575	470	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	790,485	406,970	383,510	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	421,935	199,205	222,735	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	356,155	171,330	184,825	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	152,220	70,475	81,750	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	287,505	132,190	155,315	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	321,240	147,250	173,985	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	147,735	67,425	80,305	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	173,505	79,825	93,680	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,555	82,555	92,995	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	100,405	49,385	51,020	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,292,670	603,800	688,875	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	112,665	56,495	56,175	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	212,710	108,975	103,730	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	279,495	126,690	152,805	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	537,500	242,185	295,310	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	150,305	69,455	80,845	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	110,850	50,515	60,330	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	3,800	1,545	2,260	435	170	265
Colombia	3,915	1,720	2,195	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	5,425	2,710	2,715	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	1,305	600	710	1,135	515	620
Haiti	570	250	315	155	75	80
Jamaica	3,505	1,770	1,735	1,810	835	970
Mexico	10,375	4,425	5,945	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	3,265	1,330	1,930	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	1,205	1,415	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	57,780	26,425	31,355	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	8,530	9,765	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	319,885	156,975	162,915	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	2,230	2,345	1,055	530	525
Croatia	5,780	2,945	2,830	975	445	535
France	5,700	2,895	2,805	795	425	365
Germany	35,045	16,835	18,210	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	3,630	1,965	1,670	820	445	375
Hungary	6,175	3,145	3,030	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,890	3,090	2,795	650	310	340
Italy	15,405	8,050	7,355	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	18,225	9,365	8,855	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	15,115	6,965	8,145	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	8,215	4,125	4,090	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	8,995	4,400	4,595	720	345	375
Russian Federation	10,920	4,700	6,215	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	4,480	2,225	2,260	355	175	175
Ukraine	7,500	3,520	3,980	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	123,810	60,975	62,835	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	19,545	20,880	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	42,805	21,500	21,310	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	485	310	175	115	60	55
Egypt	2,705	1,480	1,225	980	525	455
Ethiopia	2,070	1,015	1,060	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	4,705	2,175	2,535	935	470	465
Morocco	985	535	455	250	140	110
Nigeria	1,740	925	815	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	1,080	515	570	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	6,700	6,675	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	15,645	7,840	7,800	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	788,055	359,835	428,220	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	5,040	2,550	2,490	615	285	330
Bangladesh	2,125	1,080	1,040	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	199,990	89,145	110,845	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	74,210	34,120	40,090	1,460	715	735
India	162,650	79,395	83,245	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	37,160	18,890	18,270	1,180	655	530
Iraq	5,550	2,855	2,690	860	460	400
Japan	13,365	3,840	9,520	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	41,515	18,870	22,645	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	2,235	1,290	950	265	165	100
Pakistan	10,665	5,470	5,190	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	112,100	45,890	66,210	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	4,585	2,360	2,230	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,845	1,450	1,400	805	390	410
Taiwan	38,900	17,450	21,450	215	110	110
Viet Nam	27,875	12,970	14,905	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	47,255	22,215	25,045	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	31,075	14,975	16,100	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,555	82,555	92,995	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	14,550	7,160	7,385	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	1,145	525	615	100	35	65
Colombia	580	250	325	185	70	120
Cuba	140	60	80	75	25	55
Haiti	35	35	10	15	10	0
Jamaica	625	355	265	340	175	165
Mexico	2,885	1,420	1,460	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,485	3,290	3,190	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	270	115	155	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	1,105	1,275	1,490	640	850
Europe	19,735	10,260	9,475	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	970	510	460	135	70	75
Germany	1,450	775	675	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,430	900	530	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	245	120	125	160	85	70
Romania	690	310	380	70	30	35
Russian Federation	1,735	620	1,110	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	1,230	495	735	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,540	3,840	2,695	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	2,685	2,765	1,060	590	470
Africa	6,200	3,150	3,050	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	65	40	20	20	10	10
Cameroon	65	25	35	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	75	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	95	35	60
Egypt	625	340	290	415	220	190
Eritrea	320	175	145	795	430	360
Ethiopia	305	170	140	810	425	380
Morocco	205	115	95	70	30	35
Nigeria	645	325	315	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	355	145	215	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	815	810	225	110	120
Tunisia	80	30	45	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	890	860	1,555	820	735
Asia	131,880	60,140	71,735	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	870	455	415	60	35	25
Bangladesh	470	230	245	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	38,105	16,965	21,140	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,800	770	1,030	185	105	80
India	27,460	13,780	13,680	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,645	4,315	4,330	425	230	195
Iraq	1,910	940	965	330	175	155
Israel	365	205	160	595	340	260
Japan	2,285	570	1,715	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	8,025	3,430	4,595	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	265	155	110	140	100	35
Nepal	310	115	195	210	70	140
Pakistan	1,965	990	975	1,535	800	735
Philippines	26,680	11,615	15,065	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	400	180	215	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	535	265	265	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,185	1,095	1,085	635	325	310
Taiwan	2,505	970	1,530	20	0	10
Turkey	395	220	170	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	385	195	195	110	55	55
Viet Nam	1,780	685	1,090	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	4,545	1,980	2,560	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	3,185	1,845	1,340	150	80	70
Australia	1,920	1,130	790	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	1,265	715	550	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,426,450	670,440	756,010	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,043,860	523,340	520,520	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	955,955	442,040	513,915	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	537,875	258,560	279,315	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	209,685	123,645	86,040	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	328,185	134,915	193,275	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	323,440	133,775	189,670	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	82,360	44,250	38,110	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	12,285	5,455	6,825	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	270,585	130,265	140,320	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	263,540	127,115	136,425	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	172,520	83,645	88,880	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	89,405	42,715	46,690	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	1,610	760	855	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	4,350	2,090	2,260	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,695	1,060	1,635	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	135,835	65,560	70,280	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	91,710	45,690	46,020	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90,390	45,100	45,295	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	79,875	39,685	40,190	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	10,080	5,215	4,865	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	430	200	235	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,325	595	725	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	535	635	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	50	50	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	10	45	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	211,100	100,835	110,260	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	201,895	96,650	105,245	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	62,170	67,850	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	33,595	36,585	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	890	815	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	9,200	4,185	5,015	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	4,050	4,810	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	90	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	35	90	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	20	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,381,235	658,260	722,975	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365,705	183,650	182,055	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	508,480	237,805	270,670	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	43,500	22,455	21,045	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	145,025	62,505	82,520	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	44,115	20,600	23,515	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	19,840	10,865	8,980	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,920	25,975	28,950	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	48,695	24,880	23,810	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	60,495	27,915	32,580	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	41,230	17,435	23,800	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,760	4,280	4,485	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40,465	19,900	20,565	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	146,530	156,280	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	106,595	113,650	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	2,615	1,280	1,340	955	460	500
Métis	90,515	43,460	47,050	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	922,690	460,355	462,335	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	3,940	1,960	1,980	645	325	320
American	78,170	37,765	40,405	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	866,530	432,975	433,560	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	60	45	15	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	1,875	995	880	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	185	95	85	20	15	0
Ontarian	130	55	75	20	20	0
Québécois	1,830	945	880	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	405	175	230	30	10	25
European origins	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	1,926,040	945,580	980,460	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	455	230	220	45	25	25
Cornish	610	340	265	85	45	40
English	1,203,540	585,700	617,845	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	675,135	318,455	356,675	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	1,810	835	975	200	100	100
Scottish	860,775	417,080	443,700	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	113,905	54,260	59,645	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	122,700	59,225	63,475	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	388,815	184,705	204,110	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	210	95	115	20	15	15
Breton	110	45	65	120	40	75
Corsican	105	40	65	0	10	0
French	388,580	184,595	203,980	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,860	411,165	428,695	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	48,510	23,030	25,485	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	225	105	120	15	10	0
Belgian	19,980	9,615	10,360	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	213,670	105,040	108,630	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	2,215	1,145	1,075	965	445	515
Frisian	850	425	425	140	75	55
German	603,265	294,860	308,410	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	695	340	355	155	65	90
Swiss	31,390	15,510	15,880	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	905	425	485	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	166,100	180,425	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	58,205	27,985	30,220	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	34,150	16,285	17,870	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	26,410	12,860	13,545	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	138,430	66,870	71,565	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	110,030	51,000	59,030	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15,080	7,610	7,470	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	569,260	275,900	293,360	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	4,015	1,875	2,140	330	190	145
Byelorussian	2,760	1,400	1,365	885	430	455
Czech	23,375	11,500	11,875	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	7,970	3,795	4,175	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	4,840	2,250	2,590	190	80	115
Hungarian	56,535	27,450	29,090	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	4,935	2,565	2,370	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	7,225	3,465	3,755	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	1,085	510	580	325	170	160
Polish	149,635	71,605	78,030	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	31,250	15,125	16,125	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	131,060	62,880	68,180	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	11,220	5,440	5,780	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	229,205	111,285	117,915	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	3,555	1,645	1,915	895	415	480
Southern European origins	334,740	164,780	169,960	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	1,925	975	950	415	220	195
Bosnian	3,290	1,635	1,655	1,030	505	520
Catalan	120	85	30	15	0	15
Croatian	23,845	12,180	11,660	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	440	230	205	45	25	15
Greek	24,460	12,410	12,050	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	166,095	83,095	83,000	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	280	135	145	45	20	25
Macedonian	1,205	620	580	225	120	110
Maltese	2,645	1,350	1,295	360	165	195
Montenegrin	710	360	350	40	10	30
Portuguese	41,770	20,620	21,145	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	12,895	6,625	6,270	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	545	295	255	235	110	125
Slovenian	5,555	2,725	2,825	1,005	485	520
Spanish	64,470	29,245	35,225	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,080	3,360	3,725	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	395	200	195	65	40	30
Other European origins	34,700	17,800	16,900	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	840	470	375	100	65	35
Jewish	17,580	8,950	8,635	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	805	320	485	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	965	520	450	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	14,715	7,635	7,080	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	25,010	12,350	12,660	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	220	115	105	60	20	40
Bahamian	255	140	110	60	35	25
Barbadian	1,870	945	930	740	390	350
Bermudan	335	155	175	40	30	15
Carib	70	50	25	65	30	40
Cuban	1,320	615	700	340	155	190
Dominican	735	330	410	275	145	135
Grenadian	380	195	185	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haitian	1,140	530	615	235	90	150
Jamaican	10,545	5,425	5,120	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	70	55	10	10	0
Martinican	25	0	20	0	0	0
Montserratan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	570	260	310	70	25	45
St. Lucian	190	85	110	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	2,085	2,085	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	180	230	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,120	930	1,190	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,920	945	975	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	33,580	36,335	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,350	1,275	650	330	320
Arawak	90	45	45	10	10	10
Argentinian	2,025	910	1,120	475	230	245
Belizean	125	60	65	200	105	100
Bolivian	375	145	230	300	160	140
Brazilian	5,455	2,465	2,990	830	375	455
Chilean	5,700	2,740	2,955	1,520	720	795
Colombian	5,860	2,805	3,055	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	810	385	425	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	1,040	490	550	125	70	55
Guatemalan	2,575	1,310	1,265	505	240	260
Guyanese	1,925	995	935	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	1,535	720	810	425	210	220
Honduran	1,445	750	695	520	245	280
Maya	930	475	455	220	135	80
Mexican	23,055	11,025	12,035	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	1,520	735	785	370	200	170
Panamanian	325	140	185	50	10	40
Paraguayan	895	475	420	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	3,905	1,775	2,135	350	130	225
Salvadorean	6,815	3,390	3,425	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	410	205	205	35	10	20
Venezuelan	1,900	915	980	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,310	1,605	1,705	1,045	525	520
African origins	59,985	30,635	29,345	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	7,075	3,810	3,265	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	40	30	10	35	10	25
Angolan	90	55	35	10	10	0
Ashanti	85	30	50	25	10	10
Beninese	35	20	15	55	45	0
Burkinabe	45	30	15	20	10	10
Cameroonian	150	85	70	145	80	70
Chadian	70	50	25	10	10	0
Congolese	810	405	400	1,575	785	790
Edo	85	55	30	130	85	45
Ewe	55	25	30	15	10	10
Gabonese	10	0	10	25	20	10
Gambian	25	10	15	10	0	10
Ghanaian	1,600	865	730	380	220	170
Guinean	130	45	80	70	20	50
Ibo	280	160	115	435	205	225
Ivorian	100	55	50	120	45	75
Liberian	250	95	150	80	20	55
Malian	80	55	25	140	85	55
Malinké	10	0	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	2,615	1,430	1,185	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	20	0	15	25	15	15
Senegalese	95	75	25	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	130	60	65	320	155	165
Togolese	100	70	40	115	60	55
Wolof	0	0	0	25	10	15
Yoruba	255	135	125	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	620	305	315	545	260	285
North African origins	9,840	5,210	4,630	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	770	465	305	100	35	60
Berber	210	130	80	150	90	55
Coptic	150	90	65	85	45	40
Dinka	45	25	15	30	25	10
Egyptian	4,520	2,340	2,180	1,335	720	620
Libyan	420	275	140	360	175	185
Maure	150	60	90	100	70	30
Moroccan	2,005	1,105	895	350	190	160
Sudanese	1,225	535	695	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	500	290	215	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	215	115	105	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	24,800	12,345	12,450	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	705	355	355	65	40	30
Amhara	115	60	50	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	255	140	120	150	90	65
Burundian	215	95	120	235	110	125
Djiboutian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Eritrean	1,055	550	505	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	2,550	1,280	1,270	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	775	845	335	165	170
Malagasy	105	65	40	25	15	10
Mauritian	975	520	450	245	125	115
Oromo	140	75	65	325	185	140
Rwandan	420	225	195	300	145	155
Seychellois	25	15	15	45	20	30
Somali	2,295	1,115	1,180	1,740	900	845
South African	11,060	5,510	5,550	730	310	420
Tanzanian	490	220	275	90	55	30
Tigrian	205	110	95	320	200	120
Ugandan	775	390	380	255	125	130
Zambian	210	95	110	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	855	445	405	310	150	160
Zulu	75	25	45	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,840	910	930	440	230	210
Other African origins	19,215	9,745	9,465	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,660	1,315	1,340	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	16,740	8,515	8,225	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	1,312,445	624,270	688,175	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	51,315	48,245	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	7,895	4,005	3,885	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,660	3,125	2,540	1,755	975	785
Armenian	3,715	1,905	1,815	495	250	250
Assyrian	545	295	250	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	990	570	425	55	35	20
Georgian	740	380	355	110	60	45
Hazara	55	30	20	0	0	0
Iranian	47,985	24,290	23,695	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	5,575	2,860	2,715	925	480	450
Israeli	2,655	1,370	1,285	775	410	360
Jordanian	785	425	355	235	100	135
Kazakh	385	205	175	335	185	145
Kurd	2,120	1,165	950	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	125	85	40	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	175	90	85	45	30	20
Lebanese	7,980	4,175	3,805	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	2,625	1,410	1,210	620	340	275
Pashtun	360	200	160	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	975	615	360	170	95	70
Syrian	3,955	1,905	2,055	1,115	535	580
Tajik	260	135	125	55	20	40
Tatar	790	365	425	310	155	155
Turk	6,355	3,485	2,865	655	315	340
Turkmen	120	70	55	10	0	0
Uighur	130	65	60	10	10	0
Uzbek	270	150	120	70	45	20
Yemeni	300	185	115	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,635	1,340	1,295	305	145	155
South Asian origins	363,885	182,650	181,235	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	1,840	925	920	880	500	385
Bengali	850	405	445	200	115	85
Bhutanese	120	65	55	140	55	85
East Indian	309,315	154,795	154,520	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	485	245	240	50	30	30
Gujarati	700	335	365	220	120	100
Kashmiri	185	100	85	30	10	15
Nepali	1,495	690	805	500	250	250
Pakistani	12,585	6,565	6,015	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	38,725	19,700	19,025	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	620	325	300	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,970	2,740	1,090	545	545
Tamil	1,235	670	560	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	8,245	4,070	4,170	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,345	393,475	461,875	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	2,310	1,135	1,175	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,580	1,655	525	280	240
Chinese	540,155	253,065	287,090	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	158,215	68,710	89,505	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	130	70	60	0	0	0
Indonesian	6,625	3,115	3,510	530	265	265
Japanese	51,150	22,200	28,945	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	895	450	445	455	195	255
Korean	63,300	29,330	33,975	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	2,530	1,275	1,255	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	5,060	2,260	2,800	470	240	230
Mongolian	1,495	740	760	150	60	90
Singaporean	1,055	490	560	20	10	10
Taiwanese	21,455	9,810	11,650	150	90	60
Thai	5,065	1,870	3,195	750	335	420
Tibetan	550	290	260	15	10	10
Vietnamese	41,435	20,205	21,230	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	785	310	470	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,250	1,250	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	2,500	1,250	1,255	575	320	260
Oceania origins	41,125	20,605	20,520	1,525	740	785
Australian	16,240	8,385	7,855	910	415	495
New Zealander	6,565	3,405	3,155	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	19,135	9,240	9,890	345	180	165
Fijian	14,145	6,895	7,250	80	45	30
Hawaiian	2,200	970	1,235	60	30	30
Maori	1,120	595	530	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	600	275	325	95	45	45
Samoan	485	255	230	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	905	440	465	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	1,279,020	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	599,360	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	3,590	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	416,770	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	1,465,200	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	22,705	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	311,035	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	514,015	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	513,135	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	521,075	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	642,910	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	274,780	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	235,845	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	199,715	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	528,720	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,839,850	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	42,120	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,881,965	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	1,781,905	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	100,060	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	267,560	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	559,485	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,565	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	331,865	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	125,335	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	171,945	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	136,210	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,763,105	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	118,865	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,091,500	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	725,675	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	64,790	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,881,970	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	58,620	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	253,950	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	304,185	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	378,545	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	390,185	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	288,165	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	152,225	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	56,085	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,832,420	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,320,210	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	512,210	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	420,705	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,242,600	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,387	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	500,874	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	720,689	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	592,825	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,036	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	305,320	296,315	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,138,565	549,580	588,985	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,980	250,270	88,720	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	142,935	83,055	59,880	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	196,045	167,210	28,840	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	280,300	420,645	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	54,420	83,585	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	442,880	509,360	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	622,670	281,020	341,655	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	28,575	40,430	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	16,690	12,420	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	195,825	94,360	101,465	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35,625	22,240	13,390	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,000	134,410	109,585	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	671,010	330,835	340,175	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,617,965	761,790	856,175	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	231,445	172,290	59,155	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	97,350	56,920	40,435	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	134,095	115,370	18,725	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	528,805	210,880	317,925	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	99,695	39,205	60,490	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	758,015	339,415	418,605	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	497,845	219,005	278,840	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	52,955	20,995	31,965	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	22,440	11,665	10,775	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	159,740	73,335	86,405	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,030	14,420	10,615	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	144,100	34,915	109,185	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	144,100	34,910	109,185	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	44,465	54,275	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	12,880	4,090	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	31,580	50,185	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	124,600	49,025	75,575	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	3,675	11,555	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	10,845	23,865	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	13,670	22,050	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	585	210	375	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	4,050	2,660	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,275	7,400	4,880	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	15,780	8,475	7,300	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	3,580	705	2,880	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	87,960	158,025	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	1,060	3,060	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	8,505	14,680	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	3,285	34,785	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	13,545	24,955	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,325	1,345	2,985	955	305	650
42. Psychology	43,230	12,480	30,750	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	94,560	47,755	46,810	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	426,460	166,470	259,990	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	215	560	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	5,960	20,565	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	160,295	238,865	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	46,070	40,355	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	16,800	19,960	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	9,400	9,620	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	835	225	610	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	26,370	18,395	7,975	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	1,255	2,185	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,070	51,490	28,575	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	43,900	18,890	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	5,560	755	4,805	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	6,295	4,580	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	835	540	300	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	388,335	39,340	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	15,490	9,985	5,505	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	98,455	81,055	17,395	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	60,490	8,010	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	25	65	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	100,765	97,615	3,150	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	94,520	3,200	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	46,660	44,650	2,015	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	31,680	18,525	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	13,670	11,275	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	18,010	7,250	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	322,715	65,735	256,975	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	11,920	11,820	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	48,985	241,655	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	4,835	3,495	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	61,605	61,250	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	24,860	54,885	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	290	30	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,120	115	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	13,935	10,390	3,545	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	24,945	2,680	6,185	5,750	435
Other	355	115	240	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	115	240	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	915,015	465,250	449,765	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	96,005	21,035	74,970	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	96,010	21,035	74,975	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	77,655	34,430	43,225	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,710	9,580	3,130	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	64,940	24,845	40,090	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	93,605	35,490	58,115	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,710	2,510	9,195	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	25,665	7,810	17,850	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,260	10,505	17,750	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	425	170	255	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,970	2,960	2,010	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,330	4,945	3,385	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	11,805	6,140	5,665	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	2,445	455	2,000	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	196,450	67,000	129,450	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,460	845	2,615	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,685	6,940	12,750	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,855	2,505	27,350	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	31,190	9,665	21,525	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,540	1,110	2,425	815	265	550
42. Psychology	33,055	8,845	24,210	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	75,665	37,095	38,575	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	335,220	128,975	206,245	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	540	170	365	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,695	4,240	16,455	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	313,985	124,565	189,425	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,705	32,325	31,385	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	28,505	12,595	15,915	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,825	6,570	7,260	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	645	160	485	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	18,525	12,250	6,270	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,210	750	1,460	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	68,660	44,820	23,840	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	56,390	39,660	16,725	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	3,830	545	3,290	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,760	4,185	3,570	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	680	430	250	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310,855	277,375	33,475	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	12,110	7,240	4,875	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	76,935	61,380	15,560	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	48,690	42,285	6,405	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	20	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	72,800	70,225	2,570	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	69,025	66,545	2,480	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	31,225	29,690	1,535	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	39,360	23,810	15,555	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,965	9,875	9,090	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	20,395	13,930	6,470	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	244,975	50,520	194,460	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,900	9,380	9,520	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	219,800	37,800	182,000	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,285	3,340	2,940	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	91,185	45,925	45,265	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	58,820	18,880	39,945	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	165	30	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	570	505	65	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	11,175	8,110	3,060	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,430	18,265	2,165	4,885	4,545	340
Other	275	85	185	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	270	85	185	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	785,340	840,205	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	593,275	650,635	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	192,070	189,575	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	504,630	242,530	262,100	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	74,030	40,425	33,610	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	56,845	20,455	36,395	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	44,115	22,045	22,065	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	58,825	31,920	26,910	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	61,840	27,630	34,210	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	4,385	2,360	2,025	395	235	165
Other	204,580	97,700	106,885	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	915,015	465,250	449,765	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,617,960	761,790	856,170	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	1,239,640	589,155	650,490	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	970,485	454,780	515,700	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	269,155	134,375	134,785	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	378,325	172,640	205,685	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50,095	26,175	23,920	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	48,935	17,385	31,555	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	36,800	17,455	19,345	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	32,890	17,360	15,530	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	53,570	23,445	30,125	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	3,505	1,885	1,615	340	195	145
Other	152,530	68,935	83,595	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	165,975	91,385	74,590	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	596,935	801,775	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.7	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	59.6	63.4	55.9	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.1	6.3	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,290,235	547,350	742,885	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,183,405	675,950	507,460	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,396,735	659,470	737,260	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.1	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,555	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	343,395	209,955	133,430	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,560	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	275,000	168,820	106,180	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	368,940	106,205	262,740	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	161,520	127,060	34,460	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	162,865	35,775	127,095	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	269,255	87,765	181,485	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	93,100	44,855	48,245	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	595,225	251,490	343,735	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	360,970	339,660	21,315	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	64,235	47,530	16,700	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	76,745	55,430	21,315	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,250	22,555	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65,205	42,840	22,360	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,920	21,810	4,115	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	12,445	8,915	3,535	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	199,985	175,195	24,790	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	157,560	113,945	43,615	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	82,105	55,530	26,580	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	283,135	129,985	153,150	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,400	98,580	29,815	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	67,225	41,065	26,155	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	93,805	38,430	55,380	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	54,995	29,515	25,475	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	196,670	107,680	88,990	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,320	1,975	2,345	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	109,095	62,325	46,775	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	173,820	56,455	117,365	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	270,855	52,320	218,530	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,940	29,050	28,895	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	207,045	86,555	120,490	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	112,335	47,960	64,375	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	125,000	64,450	60,545	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	196,510	95,515	100,990	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	16,040	11,285	4,760	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	326,180	243,130	83,050	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	382,105	482,305	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	405,435	402,400	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	47,820	33,930	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	9,160	3,805	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	803,485	672,095	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	49,075	65,500	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	274,205	117,830	156,375	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	142,310	62,395	79,920	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	51,350	32,665	18,680	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	35,115	22,195	12,915	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	601,950	276,005	325,950	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	353,590	335,925	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	237,995	187,685	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	184,690	104,220	80,465	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	191,305	115,840	75,470	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,370	101,315	41,050	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	214,795	127,700	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	271,110	255,375	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	202,910	267,295	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	125,470	166,715	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	172,045	147,355	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	6,140	1,660	4,485	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	84,500	44,805	39,705	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	260	75	180	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	110	30	85	0	0	0
Comox	10	0	10	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	0	15	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	0	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	30	10	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Haisla	10	0	10	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,245	44,730	39,520	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	440	295	145	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	295	135	270	145	125
Amharic	15	15	0	15	0	10
Arabic	320	235	85	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,165	1,345	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	20	0	0	0
Vietnamese	2,460	1,140	1,325	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	825	385	440	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	20	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	375	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	13,305	10,460	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	440	510	480	245	235
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	935	435	500	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	15	10	10
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	30	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Polish	115	50	70	65	50	20
Russian	565	255	315	280	145	135
Serbian	95	55	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	805	465	335	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	15	10	0	10	10	0
Danish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Dutch	120	70	45	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	590	330	260	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	10	0	10
Swedish	25	20	10	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	55	25	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	19,805	11,280	8,535	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	18,715	10,560	8,160	685	455	225
Bengali	15	15	0	20	0	15
Gujarati	35	15	25	10	10	10
Hindi	300	185	110	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,295	10,310	7,985	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	25	10	0	10
Iranian languages	1,085	720	365	75	45	30
Kurdish	25	25	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,060	700	360	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,140	1,085	1,060	580	330	245
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	110	50	60	20	10	10
Portuguese	515	255	260	330	215	115
Romanian	70	45	25	10	10	0
Spanish	1,435	725	710	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	1,730	650	1,080	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korean	5,585	3,005	2,585	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	15	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	90	190	210	80	135
American Sign Language	215	45	165	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	25	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,735	25,645	23,085	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	48,645	25,595	23,055	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	23,555	12,020	11,535	690	380	315
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,835	12,935	10,900	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	120	85	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	985	485	500	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	50	30	10	10	10
Burmese	25	15	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages	55	35	15	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	110	15	0	10
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	165	65	105	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	40	15	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Multiple responses	48,205	23,795	24,410	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	4,210	1,865	2,345	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	43,480	21,760	21,720	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	55	30	25	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	465	145	320	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	36,505	18,270	18,235	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	22,465	10,170	12,300	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	110,375	54,925	55,455	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	1,860	630	1,225	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	54,295	54,225	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	60	40	15	10	0	10
English and non-official language	1,155	545	610	65	45	20
French and non-official language	2,070	980	1,090	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	705,440	347,095	358,345	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	386,620	189,765	196,855	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	318,825	157,335	161,490	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	249,960	123,425	126,540	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	92,150	96,070	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	31,275	30,465	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	68,860	33,910	34,950	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	1,849,425	904,145	945,275	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	940,895	460,185	480,710	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	908,535	443,965	464,570	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	672,805	329,700	343,105	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	245,895	257,795	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	83,805	85,310	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	235,730	114,265	121,465	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Return to footnote 61 referrer

Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Return to footnote 62 referrer

Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Return to footnote 63 referrer

Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 64 referrer

Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Return to footnote 65 referrer

Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Return to footnote 66 referrer

Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Return to footnote 67 referrer

Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Return to footnote 69 referrer

Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Return to footnote 70 referrer

Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

Return to footnote 71 referrer

Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 74 referrer

Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

Return to footnote 75 referrer

Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Return to footnote 76 referrer

Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Return to footnote 77 referrer

Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Return to footnote 78 referrer

Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 79 referrer

Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Return to footnote 80 referrer

Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 81 referrer

Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 82 referrer

Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Return to footnote 83 referrer

Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Return to footnote 84 referrer

Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 85 referrer

Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 88 referrer

Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 90 referrer

Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 91 referrer

Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 92 referrer

Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

Return to footnote 93 referrer

Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

Return to footnote 94 referrer

Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 95 referrer

Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

Return to footnote 97 referrer

Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

Return to footnote 99 referrer

Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

Return to footnote 100 referrer

Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

Return to footnote 101 referrer

Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

Return to footnote 102 referrer

Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 103 referrer

Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

Return to footnote 104 referrer

Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

Return to footnote 105 referrer

Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

Return to footnote 106 referrer

Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

Return to footnote 107 referrer

Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 108 referrer

Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

Return to footnote 109 referrer

Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 110 referrer

Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

Return to footnote 111 referrer

Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 112 referrer

Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

Return to footnote 113 referrer

Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 114 referrer

Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

Return to footnote 115 referrer

Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

Return to footnote 116 referrer

Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

Return to footnote 117 referrer

Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

Return to footnote 118 referrer

Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 119 referrer

Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

Return to footnote 120 referrer

Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 121 referrer

Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

Return to footnote 122 referrer

Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 123 referrer

Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

Return to footnote 124 referrer

Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

Return to footnote 125 referrer

Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

Return to footnote 126 referrer

Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

Return to footnote 127 referrer

Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

Return to footnote 128 referrer

Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

Return to footnote 129 referrer

Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

Return to footnote 130 referrer

Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Return to footnote 131 referrer

Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Return to footnote 132 referrer

Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Return to footnote 133 referrer

Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Return to footnote 134 referrer

Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Return to footnote 135 referrer

Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

Return to footnote 136 referrer

Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 137 referrer

Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Return to footnote 138 referrer

Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

Return to footnote 139 referrer

Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Return to footnote 140 referrer

Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Return to footnote 141 referrer

Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Return to footnote 142 referrer

Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Return to footnote 143 referrer

Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Return to footnote 144 referrer

Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Return to footnote 145 referrer

Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 146 referrer

Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 147 referrer

Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

Return to footnote 148 referrer

Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

Return to footnote 149 referrer

Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

Return to footnote 150 referrer

Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

Return to footnote 151 referrer

Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

Return to footnote 152 referrer

Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

Return to footnote 153 referrer

Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

Return to footnote 154 referrer

Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

Return to footnote 155 referrer

Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

Return to footnote 156 referrer

Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Return to footnote 157 referrer

Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Return to footnote 158 referrer

Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

Return to footnote 159 referrer

Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

Return to footnote 160 referrer

Footnote 161

Return to footnote 161 referrer

Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Return to footnote 162 referrer

Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

Return to footnote 163 referrer

Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Return to footnote 164 referrer

Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

Return to footnote 165 referrer

Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

Return to footnote 166 referrer

Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Return to footnote 167 referrer

Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

Return to footnote 168 referrer

Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 169 referrer

Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

Return to footnote 170 referrer

Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Return to footnote 171 referrer

Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

Return to footnote 172 referrer

Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

Return to footnote 173 referrer

Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Return to footnote 174 referrer

Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Return to footnote 175 referrer

Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

Return to footnote 176 referrer

Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

Return to footnote 177 referrer

Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

Return to footnote 178 referrer

Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 179 referrer

Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. British Columbia [Province] and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]

Source

How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and Manitoba [Province]