Census Profile, 2016 Census
M5V [Forward sortation area^©] and New Brunswick [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	M5V [Forward sortation area^©]			New Brunswick [Province]
	Data quality , M5V [Forward sortation area^©] Map : M5V [Forward sortation area^©] Change geography 1			Data quality : New Brunswick [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	49,195	...	...	747,101	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	...	...	...	751,171	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	...	...	...	-0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	35,058	...	...	359,721	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	30,726	...	...	319,773	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	10.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	71,388.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	49,195	24,955	24,240	747,105	365,355	381,745
0 to 14 years	2,495	1,230	1,265	110,495	56,320	54,180
0 to 4 years	1,520	775	740	34,365	17,505	16,860
5 to 9 years	610	295	315	38,250	19,515	18,735
10 to 14 years	370	160	205	37,880	19,295	18,585
15 to 64 years	44,735	22,780	21,955	487,820	240,535	247,285
15 to 19 years	715	335	380	40,605	20,905	19,705
20 to 24 years	5,085	2,280	2,810	41,445	21,280	20,165
25 to 29 years	12,875	6,370	6,500	39,245	19,745	19,505
30 to 34 years	10,470	5,515	4,955	41,510	20,140	21,365
35 to 39 years	5,700	3,115	2,590	44,435	21,585	22,850
40 to 44 years	3,275	1,790	1,485	48,430	23,520	24,910
45 to 49 years	2,150	1,155	990	51,300	25,195	26,105
50 to 54 years	1,855	945	910	61,055	29,795	31,265
55 to 59 years	1,535	780	755	61,740	30,210	31,530
60 to 64 years	1,080	500	580	58,060	28,170	29,895
65 years and over	1,965	945	1,020	148,785	68,500	80,280
65 to 69 years	850	420	435	52,160	25,595	26,570
70 to 74 years	535	255	280	36,050	17,695	18,360
75 to 79 years	290	145	140	25,300	11,835	13,465
80 to 84 years	185	85	90	17,650	7,515	10,135
85 years and over	115	35	75	17,620	5,860	11,765
85 to 89 years	75	30	50	10,670	3,910	6,760
90 to 94 years	30	10	25	5,305	1,595	3,715
95 to 99 years	0	5	5	1,435	330	1,110
100 years and over	0	0	0	205	30	185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5.1	4.9	5.2	14.8	15.4	14.2
15 to 64 years	90.9	91.3	90.6	65.3	65.8	64.8
65 years and over	4.0	3.8	4.2	19.9	18.7	21.0
85 years and over	0.2	0.1	0.3	2.4	1.6	3.1
Average age of the population	34.2	34.4	34.0	43.6	42.7	44.5
Median age of the population	31.4	31.9	31.0	45.7	44.8	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	30,725	...	...	319,770	...	...
Single-detached house	15	...	...	221,515	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	29,625	...	...	3,945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,090	...	...	80,515	...	...
Semi-detached house	40	...	...	12,470	...	...
Row house	230	...	...	9,015	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...	13,545	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	745	...	...	44,260	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	1,230	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	0	...	...	13,795	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	30,730	...	...	319,775	...	...
1 person	16,885	...	...	89,480	...	...
2 persons	10,910	...	...	126,820	...	...
3 persons	2,045	...	...	49,465	...	...
4 persons	650	...	...	37,625	...	...
5 or more persons	235	...	...	16,385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	48,725	...	...	730,705	...	...
Average household size	1.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	46,700	23,720	22,980	636,605	309,040	327,570
Married or living common law	19,255	9,895	9,360	379,605	189,790	189,820
Married	11,240	5,695	5,545	302,020	151,100	150,925
Living common law	8,015	4,195	3,815	77,580	38,685	38,895
Not married and not living common law	27,450	13,830	13,615	257,000	119,250	137,745
Never married	24,010	12,430	11,580	158,070	85,640	72,430
Separated	840	415	425	21,290	9,530	11,760
Divorced	2,185	890	1,295	35,680	15,275	20,405
Widowed	415	95	315	41,965	8,805	33,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	10,390	...	...	222,865	...	...
2 persons	8,150	...	...	129,065	...	...
3 persons	1,535	...	...	47,015	...	...
4 persons	555	...	...	34,860	...	...
5 or more persons	145	...	...	11,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	10,390	...	...	222,865	...	...
Total couple families	9,280	...	...	186,680	...	...
Married couples	5,275	...	...	147,900	...	...
Common-law couples	4,005	...	...	38,780	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,105	...	...	36,185	...	...
Female parent	920	...	...	28,650	...	...
Male parent	185	...	...	7,530	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	9,285	...	...	186,675	...	...
Couples without children	7,340	...	...	105,625	...	...
Couples with children	1,945	...	...	81,060	...	...
1 child	1,295	...	...	37,440	...	...
2 children	525	...	...	32,380	...	...
3 or more children	120	...	...	11,235	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,105	...	...	36,185	...	...
1 child	805	...	...	23,440	...	...
2 children	240	...	...	9,570	...	...
3 or more children	60	...	...	3,170	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	24,825	12,770	12,055	128,775	61,010	67,770
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	30,725	...	...	319,770	...	...
One-census-family households	10,210	...	...	214,235	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	7,255	...	...	102,170	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,950	...	...	112,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	85	...	...	4,280	...	...
Non-census-family households	20,430	...	...	101,255	...	...
One-person households	16,890	...	...	89,480	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	3,540	...	...	11,775	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	48,910	24,745	24,160	736,280	360,440	375,840
English only	41,055	21,140	19,915	420,820	210,555	210,260
French only	40	20	20	63,140	29,955	33,190
English and French	7,085	3,295	3,795	249,950	118,705	131,245
Neither English nor French	720	290	435	2,370	1,220	1,150
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	48,910	24,745	24,160	736,280	360,440	375,845
English	46,430	23,560	22,875	498,365	244,230	254,135
French	1,375	735	640	232,450	113,500	118,945
English and French	385	170	215	3,210	1,550	1,655
Neither English nor French	710	280	430	2,255	1,150	1,100
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,570	820	750	234,055	114,280	119,775
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.2	3.3	3.1	31.8	31.7	31.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	48,905	24,745	24,160	736,280	360,440	375,845
Single responses	47,195	23,900	23,295	726,990	356,005	370,990
Official languages	31,385	16,505	14,885	703,840	344,285	359,555
English	30,105	15,805	14,300	472,725	231,595	241,135
French	1,280	700	585	231,110	112,690	118,415
Non-official languages	15,805	7,395	8,410	23,150	11,715	11,435
Aboriginal languages	0	5	0	2,165	1,035	1,135
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	2,130	1,020	1,110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,115	1,010	1,105
Malecite	0	0	0	280	125	155
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	1,835	885	950
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	20	5	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	5	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	15,805	7,395	8,410	20,990	10,685	10,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,005	545	455	3,190	1,805	1,385
Berber languages	0	0	5	40	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	55	20	35	30	15	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	5	0	5	5	5	5
Somali	45	20	30	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	945	525	420	3,110	1,760	1,355
Amharic	90	30	55	65	35	25
Arabic	690	405	290	2,855	1,615	1,235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	60	35	170	90	80
Maltese	10	5	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	35	15	20	20	15	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	115	170	635	305	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	10	5	10
Vietnamese	270	110	160	620	305	320
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	480	195	280	1,375	510	865
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	15	10	5	105	35	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	15	5	10
Ilocano	0	5	0	50	15	35
Malagasy	0	0	5	15	5	10
Malay	35	15	20	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	165	235	1,120	420	700
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Creole languages	10	5	5	135	70	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	80	30	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	30	10
Dravidian languages	285	160	130	285	155	130
Kannada	25	15	10	20	15	10
Malayalam	45	25	15	40	15	20
Tamil	150	80	70	105	60	50
Telugu	60	35	25	110	60	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages	7,755	3,770	3,990	9,325	4,790	4,530
Albanian	60	30	30	50	25	25
Armenian	65	30	30	30	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	880	1,185	1,740	865	875
Baltic languages	45	10	35	55	30	30
Latvian	15	5	10	25	10	10
Lithuanian	25	5	20	35	15	15
Slavic languages	2,020	870	1,150	1,685	835	850
Belarusan	5	5	5	5	5	0
Bosnian	30	10	15	50	25	25
Bulgarian	60	25	35	20	10	10
Croatian	90	35	55	75	35	40
Czech	40	20	25	55	25	25
Macedonian	40	25	15	15	10	5
Polish	420	190	235	230	105	125
Russian	900	370	525	880	440	435
Serbian	245	105	140	105	55	45
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	35	15	20
Slovak	30	10	15	25	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	15	10	10
Ukrainian	115	50	70	170	85	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	30	5	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	5	10
Welsh	5	5	0	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	405	230	180	2,875	1,415	1,465
Afrikaans	25	20	5	50	30	25
Danish	30	20	5	125	55	75
Dutch	80	45	40	885	470	410
Frisian	0	0	0	35	25	10
German	235	130	105	1,650	780	865
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	40	25	20
Swedish	25	10	15	50	15	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	5	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Greek	185	90	95	145	100	50
Indo-Iranian languages	2,530	1,305	1,225	1,850	1,020	835
Indo-Aryan languages	1,535	800	740	1,175	655	525
Bengali	185	85	95	205	120	85
Gujarati	140	70	65	75	40	30
Hindi	475	255	220	225	135	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	45	25	15	50	20	25
Nepali	10	5	5	180	90	90
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	0	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	120	145	125	75	50
Sindhi	30	10	20	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	30	15	15
Urdu	340	195	150	240	140	100
Iranian languages	985	505	485	655	355	305
Kurdish	5	0	5	55	30	25
Pashto	15	5	5	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi)	970	500	470	580	310	270
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	2,430	1,195	1,240	2,605	1,355	1,250
Catalan	10	5	10	5	5	0
Italian	305	155	145	400	225	175
Portuguese	595	265	340	260	130	130
Romanian	205	95	110	485	250	240
Spanish	1,315	675	640	1,460	755	705
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Japanese	175	45	130	110	25	85
Kartvelian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	595	270	325	1,550	800	750
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	55	700	385	315
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	25	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	60	35	25
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	40	30	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ganda	10	5	5	10	0	0
Igbo	5	5	5	30	20	10
Lingala	0	0	0	25	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	45	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	40	20	20
Shona	5	5	5	20	10	10
Swahili	30	10	15	135	65	70
Wolof	0	0	0	25	20	10
Yoruba	15	10	0	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	10	195	105	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	145	75	70
American Sign Language	5	0	0	40	20	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	95	55	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,735	2,060	2,670	3,115	1,570	1,545
Chinese languages	4,710	2,045	2,665	3,085	1,555	1,530
Cantonese	1,700	735	960	440	225	210
Hakka	35	20	20	20	10	10
Mandarin	2,635	1,145	1,490	2,250	1,105	1,150
Min Dong	0	5	5	0	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	55	35	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	25	35	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	170	70	100	240	150	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	30	15	15
Burmese	10	5	5	0	0	5
Karenic languages	0	5	0	25	15	10
Tibetan	10	10	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	60	15	50
Lao	15	10	5	5	0	0
Thai	35	10	20	55	10	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	180	100	85	105	60	45
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	5	5	5
Turkish	160	85	75	75	50	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Uralic languages	130	55	75	250	115	135
Estonian	20	10	5	20	5	10
Finnish	20	5	20	45	15	30
Hungarian	85	40	45	185	90	95
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	10	10
Multiple responses	1,710	845	870	9,290	4,440	4,855
English and French	220	115	105	7,285	3,470	3,815
English and non-official language	1,350	665	685	1,535	725	810
French and non-official language	65	30	35	330	175	155
English, French and non-official language	75	30	45	145	65	75
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	48,905	24,745	24,160	736,280	360,435	375,845
Single responses	46,505	23,620	22,885	724,940	355,025	369,910
Official languages	40,660	20,900	19,760	712,250	348,510	363,740
English	40,065	20,590	19,475	505,935	247,610	258,325
French	595	305	290	206,315	100,900	105,415
Non-official languages	5,845	2,720	3,130	12,690	6,515	6,175
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	820	400	420
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	820	395	420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	815	395	420
Malecite	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	765	370	395
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	5,850	2,720	3,130	11,870	6,115	5,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	170	170	2,285	1,210	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	330	165	165	2,265	1,200	1,065
Amharic	45	15	30	20	10	10
Arabic	245	125	120	2,110	1,125	990
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	130	60	70
Maltese	0	5	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	15	5	10	5	0	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	525	255	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	520	250	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	50	70	510	235	270
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	5	40	15	25
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malay	10	5	0	15	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	45	65	450	215	235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole languages	10	0	5	65	25	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	20	0	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	45	20	20
Dravidian languages	75	35	40	110	60	45
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	5	20	5	10
Tamil	40	20	20	35	20	20
Telugu	25	15	10	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,405	1,155	1,250	4,160	2,175	1,990
Albanian	20	10	10	30	15	10
Armenian	15	10	10	20	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	525	230	295	975	505	470
Baltic languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Latvian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavic languages	525	230	295	935	480	455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	5	5	25	15	10
Bulgarian	20	10	10	5	5	0
Croatian	15	5	10	25	10	15
Czech	10	0	5	5	0	5
Macedonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	55	25	35	55	25	30
Russian	310	135	175	620	320	305
Serbian	65	35	30	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10	5	5	5
Slovak	5	0	5	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	90	50	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	10	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	80	45	40	640	320	320
Afrikaans	5	5	0	35	15	20
Danish	5	5	0	5	5	5
Dutch	15	10	10	150	80	75
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
German	50	25	25	425	215	210
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20	45	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	785	415	370	1,140	595	545
Indo-Aryan languages	345	185	160	655	335	325
Bengali	40	25	20	130	70	60
Gujarati	10	5	5	40	15	20
Hindi	140	85	65	115	60	50
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	5	0	5	5	0
Marathi	15	5	5	20	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0	135	60	75
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	25	50	25	25
Sindhi	5	5	5	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	5	5	5	5
Urdu	85	45	40	140	75	70
Iranian languages	440	230	210	470	255	220
Kurdish	0	0	0	35	25	10
Pashto	0	0	0	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	435	230	205	425	225	195
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	935	435	505	1,305	705	600
Catalan	10	5	5	5	5	0
Italian	35	20	20	85	40	45
Portuguese	260	115	150	110	50	60
Romanian	50	20	25	290	145	140
Spanish	580	275	300	820	470	350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	85	30	55	20	10	15
Kartvelian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	265	130	135	1,245	645	605
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	20	240	125	120
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	10	5	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	20	15	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	5
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	10	5	5	80	35	45
Wolof	0	0	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	5	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	25	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	200	115	85
American Sign Language	0	0	0	55	30	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	150	90	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,335	1,050	1,280	2,390	1,210	1,175
Chinese languages	2,325	1,050	1,275	2,365	1,195	1,170
Cantonese	605	265	340	260	130	130
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,585	720	860	1,855	930	920
Min Dong	5	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	5	10	85	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	40	55	140	80	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibetan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	70	30	35	30	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	35	25	15	5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	70	35	40
Estonian	5	0	0	5	0	0
Finnish	10	0	5	5	5	5
Hungarian	20	10	10	55	30	30
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,400	1,125	1,275	11,345	5,415	5,925
English and French	180	105	80	7,275	3,370	3,905
English and non-official language	2,150	995	1,160	3,435	1,715	1,720
French and non-official language	25	5	15	340	185	160
English, French and non-official language	45	25	25	290	140	145
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	48,905	24,745	24,160	736,280	360,435	375,845
None	37,960	19,460	18,500	647,960	318,560	329,400
English	2,850	1,375	1,480	49,925	24,065	25,855
French	750	380	370	30,030	13,760	16,275
Non-official language	7,080	3,405	3,675	7,545	3,650	3,895
Aboriginal	5	0	0	1,300	625	685
Non-Aboriginal	7,075	3,400	3,680	6,240	3,030	3,210
English and French	40	20	20	180	90	90
English and non-official language	75	30	45	300	160	145
French and non-official language	145	75	70	335	155	185
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	10	5	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	46,255	23,400	22,855	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	45,320	23,055	22,265	594,705	289,220	305,485
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,970	59,247	47,964	30,961	37,516	25,796
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	45,325	23,060	22,265	594,920	289,245	305,680
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,581	49,909	41,955	28,107	33,169	23,945
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	42,795	21,835	20,965	516,780	259,945	256,835
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,234	61,819	49,513	28,444	34,830	23,278
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,210	11,435	12,770	439,645	193,975	245,675
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	422	413	457	8,164	9,210	7,321
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	40,140	20,575	19,565	423,915	219,135	204,780
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	55,484	61,581	50,174	29,124	34,784	24,769
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	46,200	23,385	22,820	620,395	301,650	318,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,275	23,060	22,215	594,650	289,140	305,510
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,690	78,392	56,581	39,141	46,154	32,504
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	45,275	23,060	22,220	594,870	289,165	305,700
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	52,495	59,154	45,583	33,022	38,151	28,171
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	42,750	21,815	20,935	516,685	259,855	256,830
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	70,155	81,782	58,037	37,432	44,240	30,543
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,060	11,290	12,765	440,195	194,240	245,955
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,727	2,079	3,300	8,938	9,519	8,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	40,135	20,570	19,565	423,915	218,800	205,110
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	69,055	79,862	57,690	37,611	43,456	31,376
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	46,200	23,385	22,820	620,390	301,645	318,745
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	24,060	12,985	11,075	197,290	104,215	93,075
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	69,202	74,991	64,321	46,349	52,010	41,058
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	84,841	94,824	73,131	54,011	60,796	46,415
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	97.9	98.6	96.8	83.2	86.2	79.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	88.3	87.3	89.8	68.5	71.3	64.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	2.1	1.4	3.2	16.8	13.8	21.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	46,255	23,400	22,855	620,390	301,650	318,745
Without total income	935	340	595	25,680	12,430	13,260
With total income	45,320	23,055	22,260	594,710	289,220	305,490
Percentage with total income	98.0	98.5	97.4	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,640	2,680	2,960	80,700	32,655	48,050
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680	2,070	2,605	109,015	40,415	68,600
$20,000 to $29,999	3,625	1,665	1,960	99,025	40,480	58,540
$30,000 to $39,999	3,585	1,695	1,890	83,770	41,360	42,405
$40,000 to $49,999	3,920	1,775	2,145	65,795	35,080	30,715
$50,000 to $59,999	3,850	1,785	2,065	44,810	26,560	18,250
$60,000 to $69,999	3,835	1,915	1,920	32,185	20,270	11,920
$70,000 to $79,999	3,275	1,620	1,655	24,565	14,130	10,430
$80,000 to $89,999	2,780	1,530	1,250	17,095	9,915	7,180
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,195	1,005	10,240	6,980	3,260
$100,000 and over	7,925	5,120	2,805	27,515	21,380	6,135
$100,000 to $149,999	4,960	3,025	1,940	19,765	15,195	4,570
$150,000 and over	2,960	2,095	870	7,750	6,185	1,565
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	46,255	23,400	22,855	620,390	301,645	318,750
Without after-tax income	935	345	590	25,470	12,405	13,070
With after-tax income	45,320	23,055	22,265	594,920	289,240	305,680
Percentage with after-tax income	98.0	98.5	97.4	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,755	2,735	3,015	83,590	33,140	50,455
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905	2,180	2,725	115,730	43,245	72,485
$20,000 to $29,999	4,245	2,000	2,250	118,940	51,335	67,610
$30,000 to $39,999	4,685	2,145	2,535	98,230	50,770	47,460
$40,000 to $49,999	5,390	2,490	2,900	67,470	38,665	28,810
$50,000 to $59,999	5,185	2,540	2,640	42,775	26,495	16,280
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	2,310	2,060	28,790	16,435	12,355
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	1,875	1,485	14,945	10,205	4,740
$80,000 and over	7,425	4,780	2,645	24,450	18,955	5,500
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165	1,245	915	8,385	6,340	2,040
$90,000 to $99,999	1,400	865	535	5,060	3,970	1,090
$100,000 and over	3,860	2,665	1,195	11,005	8,640	2,365
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	46,260	23,400	22,855	620,390	301,645	318,745
Without employment income	6,115	2,820	3,295	196,475	82,515	113,965
With employment income	40,145	20,580	19,565	423,910	219,140	204,775
Percentage with employment income	86.8	87.9	85.6	68.3	72.6	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,480	1,145	1,335	54,590	26,540	28,045
$5,000 to $9,999	1,880	875	1,000	36,840	15,720	21,120
$10,000 to $19,999	3,860	1,720	2,140	65,895	29,920	35,975
$20,000 to $29,999	3,050	1,480	1,570	59,240	25,955	33,280
$30,000 to $39,999	3,210	1,475	1,735	50,190	24,930	25,260
$40,000 to $49,999	3,585	1,630	1,960	42,140	22,160	19,980
$50,000 to $59,999	3,535	1,685	1,855	29,910	18,180	11,730
$60,000 to $69,999	3,640	1,785	1,850	23,390	14,620	8,770
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	1,570	1,545	19,515	10,565	8,950
$80,000 and over	11,785	7,215	4,570	42,210	30,540	11,665
$80,000 to $89,999	2,620	1,435	1,185	13,190	7,840	5,345
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	1,135	920	8,105	5,685	2,420
$100,000 and over	7,100	4,650	2,455	20,915	17,015	3,895
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	30,725	...	...	319,770	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,752	...	...	59,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	64,844	...	...	52,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	16,890	...	...	89,480	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	65,185	...	...	28,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	54,054	...	...	26,387	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	13,840	...	...	230,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,111	...	...	74,207	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,735	...	...	65,063	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	30,715	...	...	319,775	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	99,765	...	...	72,786	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,370	...	...	61,431	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,835	...	...	89,455	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	76,200	...	...	36,505	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	58,522	...	...	31,242	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	13,885	...	...	230,320	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	128,327	...	...	86,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	100,216	...	...	73,156	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	30,725	...	...	319,775	...	...
Under $5,000	1,330	...	...	3,940	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	695	...	...	7,800	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	835	...	...	6,835	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	855	...	...	17,765	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	865	...	...	16,400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	795	...	...	16,335	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	845	...	...	17,830	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	860	...	...	16,875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	945	...	...	15,365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,010	...	...	14,845	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,130	...	...	27,735	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,395	...	...	25,205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,285	...	...	22,750	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,110	...	...	19,415	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,875	...	...	16,030	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,890	...	...	74,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,585	...	...	29,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,285	...	...	18,605	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,490	...	...	17,050	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,530	...	...	9,460	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	30,725	...	...	319,770	...	...
Under $5,000	1,375	...	...	4,090	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	700	...	...	7,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	865	...	...	6,980	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	915	...	...	18,630	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	965	...	...	18,705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	915	...	...	18,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	995	...	...	20,540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	...	...	19,550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,340	...	...	18,165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,475	...	...	17,920	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085	...	...	32,930	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,130	...	...	29,175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	...	...	23,970	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,095	...	...	19,330	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,730	...	...	15,105	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,320	...	...	48,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,010	...	...	25,135	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,675	...	...	11,980	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,640	...	...	11,110	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	10,885	...	...	221,680	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,544	...	...	74,353	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,901	...	...	65,100	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.3	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,170	...	...	99,865	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	116,919	...	...	67,988	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	97,327	...	...	59,801	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...	82,260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,216	...	...	100,315	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	90,048	...	...	85,717	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.5	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,065	...	...	33,580	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,077	...	...	42,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,981	...	...	40,671	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	10,885	...	...	221,740	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	136,917	...	...	87,048	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	105,248	...	...	73,197	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,120	...	...	99,840	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	146,470	...	...	79,085	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	112,211	...	...	66,576	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...	82,415	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	156,717	...	...	111,901	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,726	...	...	92,699	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,085	...	...	33,455	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,069	...	...	51,119	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,144	...	...	45,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	23,435	12,110	11,325	114,825	54,970	59,850
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	56,448	59,968	53,365	27,250	30,122	25,182
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	48,025	50,535	45,716	25,167	27,154	23,916
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	23,420	12,115	11,300	114,375	54,300	60,075
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	67,209	73,757	60,187	34,738	37,330	32,395
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	52,556	56,502	48,326	29,845	31,431	28,411
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	48,730	24,625	24,110	730,710	357,860	372,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	19,075	9,180	9,895	428,180	204,170	224,005
In the bottom decile	7,185	3,515	3,670	80,120	37,430	42,695
In the second decile	3,120	1,460	1,660	94,165	42,190	51,980
In the third decile	2,710	1,320	1,390	87,075	41,905	45,170
In the fourth decile	2,940	1,405	1,535	85,610	42,275	43,335
In the fifth decile	3,115	1,475	1,635	81,200	40,375	40,825
In the top half of the distribution	29,655	15,445	14,210	302,530	153,685	148,845
In the sixth decile	3,725	1,780	1,945	77,345	38,915	38,425
In the seventh decile	4,245	2,105	2,140	73,185	37,190	36,005
In the eighth decile	5,200	2,640	2,560	65,090	32,815	32,275
In the ninth decile	6,840	3,540	3,295	52,050	26,635	25,410
In the top decile	9,650	5,375	4,270	34,860	18,130	16,730
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	48,730	24,620	24,110	722,550	353,870	368,680
0 to 17 years	2,735	1,360	1,380	131,930	67,285	64,645
0 to 5 years	1,670	850	815	40,900	20,805	20,100
18 to 64 years	44,085	22,355	21,730	452,805	221,675	231,130
65 years and over	1,905	910	1,000	137,820	64,915	72,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,905	3,770	4,135	123,820	55,990	67,825
0 to 17 years	715	335	380	29,250	14,930	14,320
0 to 5 years	315	150	165	10,285	5,260	5,030
18 to 64 years	6,820	3,265	3,555	66,745	29,975	36,770
65 years and over	380	170	205	27,830	11,090	16,745
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.2	15.3	17.2	17.1	15.8	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	26.1	24.6	27.5	22.2	22.2	22.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.9	17.6	20.2	25.1	25.3	25.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.5	14.6	16.4	14.7	13.5	15.9
65 years and over (%)	19.9	18.7	20.5	20.2	17.1	23.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,915	3,835	4,080	49,830	24,165	25,660
0 to 17 years	605	290	315	11,520	5,890	5,630
0 to 5 years	255	125	130	4,200	2,145	2,055
18 to 64 years	7,055	3,435	3,620	35,680	17,255	18,425
65 years and over	260	110	145	2,630	1,025	1,605
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	16.2	15.6	16.9	6.9	6.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	22.1	21.3	22.8	8.7	8.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.3	14.7	16.0	10.3	10.3	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	15.4	16.7	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	13.6	12.1	14.5	1.9	1.6	2.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	48,790	24,685	24,105	730,710	357,855	372,850
Official languages	48,100	24,425	23,675	728,310	356,615	371,690
English	48,050	24,405	23,640	666,315	326,905	339,415
French	7,190	3,260	3,930	310,550	147,845	162,705
Non-official languages	21,540	10,370	11,170	34,880	17,355	17,525
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	3,065	1,470	1,595
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,990	1,455	1,540
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,435	1,530
Malecite	0	0	0	720	335	385
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,265	1,115	1,150
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	15	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	45	10	40
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	10	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,540	10,365	11,170	31,865	15,915	15,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,680	885	795	4,355	2,385	1,980
Berber languages	0	0	0	80	40	35
Kabyle	0	0	0	40	20	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cushitic languages	130	60	70	15	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somali	125	65	65	10	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,550	825	720	4,300	2,340	1,960
Amharic	160	60	95	165	100	65
Arabic	1,145	625	520	3,685	2,030	1,660
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	140	90	435	205	230
Maltese	10	0	0	0	10	0
Tigrigna	35	10	25	50	25	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	135	210	835	430	400
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	10	0	0
Vietnamese	335	140	200	820	435	390
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages	650	280	370	1,790	695	1,090
Bikol	0	0	10	10	0	10
Cebuano	15	0	10	185	70	115
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	35	10	30
Ilocano	20	10	10	50	10	45
Malagasy	10	0	0	25	10	15
Malay	70	35	35	75	20	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	235	335	1,595	625	970
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Creole languages	70	40	25	430	195	235
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	50	20	30
Creole, n.o.s.	30	15	15	240	105	135
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	10	140	75	65
Dravidian languages	450	210	240	435	245	195
Kannada	65	35	35	60	30	25
Malayalam	75	45	25	55	35	25
Tamil	265	115	150	190	115	75
Telugu	75	25	45	175	90	85
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	11,835	5,790	6,045	16,505	8,155	8,350
Albanian	50	20	30	80	45	35
Armenian	130	65	65	60	35	25
Balto-Slavic languages	2,390	1,045	1,340	2,065	1,100	965
Baltic languages	85	25	60	55	40	20
Latvian	30	15	20	20	10	10
Lithuanian	55	10	40	30	20	10
Slavic languages	2,340	1,030	1,310	2,025	1,070	955
Belarusan	15	10	10	10	0	0
Bosnian	55	20	35	75	40	40
Bulgarian	70	25	40	45	15	35
Croatian	130	55	70	95	45	55
Czech	40	10	30	115	65	45
Macedonian	65	30	35	35	25	10
Polish	515	230	280	320	165	160
Russian	1,130	480	650	1,200	630	570
Serbian	310	145	165	90	70	20
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10	40	30	10
Slovak	15	0	10	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	20	10	15	10	0
Ukrainian	175	70	105	310	145	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Celtic languages	100	50	50	140	40	100
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	95	20	75
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	40	45	40	20	20
Germanic languages	1,015	535	475	4,745	2,360	2,380
Afrikaans	45	20	25	130	70	60
Danish	60	45	15	155	60	95
Dutch	130	70	60	1,185	560	625
Frisian	0	0	0	50	40	15
German	735	390	345	3,260	1,675	1,580
Icelandic	10	10	0	10	10	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	130	65	65
Swedish	40	15	30	110	45	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	40	20	25
Yiddish	10	10	10	20	20	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Greek	355	195	160	220	125	95
Indo-Iranian languages	3,745	1,930	1,810	2,325	1,275	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	2,710	1,395	1,305	1,570	875	695
Bengali	240	110	130	225	150	80
Gujarati	230	125	100	110	45	65
Hindi	1,630	845	785	790	430	355
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	20	20	0	0	0	0
Marathi	90	45	45	55	20	30
Nepali	0	0	0	185	90	95
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	480	215	265	205	130	75
Sindhi	60	10	45	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	20	35	35	10	20
Urdu	670	360	310	355	215	140
Iranian languages	1,045	540	505	805	430	375
Kurdish	15	10	10	130	65	60
Pashto	30	10	15	60	45	20
Persian (Farsi)	1,010	525	485	620	330	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,630	2,195	2,435	7,600	3,540	4,055
Catalan	20	10	10	15	10	0
Italian	915	465	450	825	405	420
Portuguese	840	410	435	450	250	200
Romanian	240	125	120	555	290	265
Spanish	3,050	1,425	1,620	6,065	2,775	3,290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Japanese	325	150	170	430	190	240
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	695	330	365	1,695	860	835
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Mongolian	10	0	10	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	335	165	175	1,525	890	640
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	35	15	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	155	70	85
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	100	85	15
Ga	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ganda	50	15	30	10	10	0
Igbo	15	10	10	60	50	15
Lingala	10	10	10	125	95	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	10	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	70	40	30
Shona	10	0	0	40	15	25
Swahili	105	50	55	355	185	170
Wolof	10	0	10	70	45	25
Yoruba	85	55	30	60	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	545	315	230
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	25	15	1,155	450	705
American Sign Language	35	15	15	425	150	280
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	745	305	435
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,515	2,565	2,950	3,585	1,885	1,700
Chinese languages	5,490	2,555	2,935	3,510	1,855	1,660
Cantonese	2,540	1,115	1,425	610	285	320
Hakka	30	10	15	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,360	1,565	1,800	2,760	1,455	1,310
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	40	95	60	30	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	15	30	140	65	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	185	100	85	310	195	115
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	70	30	40
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	25	45
Tibetan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	85	20	65
Lao	20	10	10	10	0	10
Thai	45	10	30	80	20	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	270	135	135	175	105	75
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turkish	235	120	115	165	105	60
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	140	70	70	270	130	140
Estonian	20	0	15	20	15	0
Finnish	20	0	15	35	15	20
Hungarian	100	60	45	220	105	115
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	100	70	30
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	48,785	24,685	24,105	730,710	357,855	372,855
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	40,780	20,630	20,150	710,775	347,905	362,875
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,595	1,335	1,265	130,785	66,795	63,990
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	38,180	19,295	18,885	579,995	281,110	298,880
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,010	4,055	3,955	19,925	9,950	9,980
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	48,790	24,680	24,105	730,710	357,855	372,850
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	28,920	14,835	14,085	692,535	339,090	353,445
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	16,245	7,945	8,300	33,810	16,175	17,640
Before 1981	1,935	905	1,030	11,545	5,265	6,275
1981 to 1990	2,515	1,170	1,340	2,735	1,340	1,390
1991 to 2000	4,005	1,990	2,015	2,975	1,490	1,490
2001 to 2010	4,400	2,135	2,265	7,235	3,530	3,710
2001 to 2005	2,265	1,090	1,180	2,435	1,110	1,330
2006 to 2010	2,130	1,045	1,080	4,800	2,415	2,385
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,395	1,745	1,645	9,330	4,560	4,770
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	3,625	1,905	1,715	4,360	2,590	1,770
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	16,245	7,950	8,300	33,815	16,175	17,635
Under 5 years	1,950	910	1,035	5,135	2,350	2,790
5 to 14 years	4,335	2,205	2,130	7,290	3,585	3,705
15 to 24 years	3,115	1,485	1,635	5,790	2,525	3,265
25 to 44 years	6,010	2,950	3,060	12,640	6,100	6,535
45 years and over	840	400	445	2,955	1,615	1,340
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	16,245	7,945	8,300	33,815	16,175	17,635
Americas	2,490	1,180	1,310	9,420	4,205	5,210
Brazil	185	90	95	55	20	30
Colombia	230	100	125	215	85	130
El Salvador	70	40	30	115	85	30
Guyana	120	55	60	80	40	45
Haiti	10	0	15	170	70	100
Jamaica	240	105	130	120	85	40
Mexico	190	100	90	160	50	110
Peru	115	60	50	60	35	25
Trinidad and Tobago	220	90	130	115	70	40
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	485	235	255	7,620	3,315	4,305
Other places of birth in Americas	620	300	325	715	355	360
Europe	3,710	1,855	1,855	10,985	5,335	5,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	50	70	100	55	50
Croatia	60	30	30	60	35	25
France	150	95	55	760	425	340
Germany	155	65	85	1,615	740	880
Greece	80	45	30	95	60	40
Hungary	50	35	15	100	35	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	215	120	95	160	75	85
Italy	100	70	30	210	125	85
Netherlands	40	20	20	975	505	465
Poland	340	135	200	195	90	100
Portugal	175	80	95	130	85	45
Romania	210	105	105	485	245	240
Russian Federation	450	185	265	245	115	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	200	95	100	30	25	10
Ukraine	160	70	90	250	120	130
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	770	430	345	4,600	2,160	2,445
Other places of birth in Europe	450	220	235	970	455	515
Africa	1,150	590	565	2,565	1,420	1,140
Algeria	15	10	0	165	90	75
Egypt	185	125	55	120	75	45
Ethiopia	115	35	75	120	65	60
Kenya	125	65	60	60	30	30
Morocco	30	0	25	200	120	75
Nigeria	110	80	35	115	65	50
Somalia	80	35	45	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	120	60	65	165	85	80
Other places of birth in Africa	370	180	200	1,615	885	725
Asia	8,810	4,260	4,550	10,625	5,105	5,520
Afghanistan	20	10	0	20	10	0
Bangladesh	80	35	50	100	55	50
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,130	925	1,200	2,210	1,040	1,175
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	800	335	465	120	60	55
India	1,220	700	520	820	435	380
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	870	450	420	490	260	230
Iraq	80	30	50	70	25	45
Japan	90	25	60	90	15	75
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	530	240	290	1,495	775	720
Lebanon	115	90	25	390	225	165
Pakistan	405	200	200	225	130	95
Philippines	680	305	380	1,340	475	870
Sri Lanka	140	75	65	40	15	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	65	40	30	1,225	605	620
Taiwan	160	75	85	80	25	55
Viet Nam	235	105	135	720	355	365
Other places of birth in Asia	1,180	610	570	1,195	600	595
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	85	55	30	220	110	110
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,395	1,750	1,650	9,325	4,555	4,775
Americas	480	230	250	900	430	475
Brazil	60	25	40	20	10	10
Colombia	20	10	15	40	20	15
Cuba	0	0	0	10	10	10
Haiti	0	0	10	45	15	30
Jamaica	15	10	10	40	25	10
Mexico	85	45	40	25	10	20
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	130	65	65	585	285	300
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	65	30	35	25	10	20
Other places of birth in Americas	90	45	50	110	45	70
Europe	700	415	290	1,405	695	710
France	65	50	20	300	165	130
Germany	35	25	10	85	45	45
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	130	80	50	30	15	15
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	25	10	20
Romania	20	0	15	245	130	120
Russian Federation	90	35	55	90	35	55
Ukraine	25	20	0	100	50	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	145	100	45	240	145	100
Other places of birth in Europe	180	100	85	280	105	180
Africa	255	135	115	975	550	425
Algeria	0	0	0	15	20	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	45	35	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	155	75	80
Côte d'Ivoire	0	10	0	10	0	0
Egypt	45	20	20	40	20	20
Eritrea	0	0	0	35	15	25
Ethiopia	25	0	15	45	20	25
Morocco	0	0	0	40	30	10
Nigeria	50	30	15	40	15	25
Somalia	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	35	20	15
Tunisia	0	0	0	50	30	20
Other places of birth in Africa	110	50	60	455	265	185
Asia	1,910	930	980	6,015	2,865	3,150
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	25	10	15
China^{Census data footnote 59}	580	230	350	1,390	690	700
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	10	10	0
India	470	275	200	265	140	125
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	220	120	100	255	130	125
Iraq	35	10	25	45	20	25
Israel	0	0	0	200	90	110
Japan	45	15	30	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	10	40	600	290	310
Lebanon	20	15	0	130	75	55
Nepal	10	0	0	45	15	35
Pakistan	75	50	30	70	40	30
Philippines	65	25	40	925	345	580
Saudi Arabia	50	25	30	45	40	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	25	10	15	1,145	550	595
Taiwan	15	0	10	10	0	0
Turkey	50	30	25	45	40	10
United Arab Emirates	35	25	10	30	20	10
Viet Nam	10	0	0	500	250	255
Other places of birth in Asia	130	75	55	265	100	160
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	50	40	10	40	25	15
Australia	40	30	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	15	10	0	20	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	48,790	24,685	24,105	730,710	357,855	372,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20,270	10,075	10,195	41,395	20,445	20,955
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	13,845	7,105	6,740	43,370	21,150	22,220
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	14,675	7,500	7,175	645,945	316,270	329,675
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,475	7,125	7,350	22,665	11,085	11,575
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	9,945	5,165	4,785	13,205	6,735	6,470
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	3,455	2,180	1,275	5,115	3,595	1,520
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,490	2,985	3,510	8,090	3,140	4,950
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,840	1,155	1,680	6,100	2,625	3,475
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,570	755	815	3,240	1,675	1,570
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	115	45	70	110	55	60
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	48,790	24,680	24,105	730,710	357,860	372,855
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	480	225	255	29,385	14,690	14,695
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	475	225	255	28,160	14,120	14,040
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	250	115	135	17,575	8,555	9,015
Métis	225	110	115	10,200	5,370	4,835
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	385	190	190
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	470	210	260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	750	360	390
Non-Aboriginal identity	48,310	24,460	23,850	701,325	343,170	358,155
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	48,790	24,680	24,110	730,705	357,855	372,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	145	50	95	14,305	7,085	7,225
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	48,645	24,635	24,010	716,405	350,775	365,625
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	48,790	24,685	24,105	730,710	357,860	372,850
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	95	40	50	12,785	6,335	6,450
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	95	40	50	12,495	6,175	6,320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	45	15	30	10,635	5,200	5,435
Métis single ancestry	50	25	25	1,695	900	800
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	165	75	85
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	290	165	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	235	125	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	750	360	385	33,795	16,295	17,500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	735	360	380	32,505	15,690	16,815
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	555	270	285	24,255	11,640	12,615
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	175	85	90	7,765	3,810	3,955
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	10	480	240	245
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	10	0	1,295	600	690
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	10	1,165	540	630
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	60	30	30
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	40	20	25
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	47,950	24,285	23,670	684,125	335,230	348,895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	48,790	24,680	24,105	730,710	357,855	372,850
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	20,745	10,180	10,565	24,535	12,470	12,070
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	4,395	2,320	2,080	2,535	1,385	1,150
Chinese	6,290	3,010	3,275	3,925	1,970	1,955
Black	2,560	1,260	1,300	7,000	3,540	3,460
Filipino	1,020	455	560	1,980	835	1,145
Latin American	1,355	665	690	1,285	650	635
Arab	1,000	535	465	2,960	1,650	1,310
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	605	245	360	1,230	600	630
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,030	520	515	730	415	320
Korean	795	375	420	1,685	885	800
Japanese	325	120	205	230	70	160
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	360	155	205	305	135	175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	1,015	515	495	675	345	330
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	28,040	14,500	13,540	706,170	345,385	360,785
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	48,790	24,680	24,105	730,705	357,860	372,850
North American Aboriginal origins	840	400	435	46,585	22,625	23,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	610	290	320	36,405	17,570	18,840
Inuit	0	0	10	830	420	410
Métis	235	120	120	10,960	5,435	5,530
Other North American origins	7,425	3,860	3,570	428,865	209,615	219,250
Acadian	65	40	30	29,505	14,455	15,060
American	560	325	230	7,175	3,575	3,605
Canadian	6,905	3,555	3,355	407,370	199,020	208,350
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	240	135	105
Newfoundlander	25	15	15	445	190	250
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Ontarian	15	15	0	0	0	10
Québécois	25	15	10	770	410	365
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	20	20	0
European origins	27,560	14,070	13,495	424,850	206,715	218,135
British Isles origins	15,365	8,055	7,310	314,655	151,970	162,690
Channel Islander	0	10	0	125	45	85
Cornish	0	0	0	45	25	20
English	7,720	4,050	3,675	168,205	80,795	87,415
Irish	7,155	3,740	3,415	147,245	69,515	77,730
Manx	0	10	0	45	40	10
Scottish	6,060	3,150	2,915	134,455	64,400	70,055
Welsh	610	300	315	10,110	4,825	5,290
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,810	895	915	10,640	4,885	5,755
French origins	3,805	1,855	1,955	163,270	79,105	84,165
Alsatian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	55	30	30
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	3,805	1,850	1,955	163,245	79,090	84,155
Western European origins (except French origins)	5,450	2,645	2,805	49,825	24,100	25,725
Austrian	460	260	205	1,000	530	475
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	230	110	120	1,470	650	815
Dutch	1,225	535	685	15,230	7,290	7,945
Flemish	10	10	0	100	65	40
Frisian	0	10	0	40	25	15
German	3,795	1,840	1,955	34,205	16,575	17,630
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	10	0
Swiss	160	75	80	1,145	545	595
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	35	20	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,015	525	485	10,400	5,080	5,320
Danish	280	160	120	3,960	1,885	2,075
Finnish	175	85	90	465	235	225
Icelandic	70	35	40	250	135	115
Norwegian	245	140	105	3,330	1,650	1,680
Swedish	255	115	140	2,010	1,010	1,005
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	70	35	40	820	410	410
Eastern European origins	6,230	2,955	3,275	11,590	5,600	5,995
Bulgarian	105	30	70	155	60	100
Byelorussian	120	65	55	85	45	40
Czech	230	80	155	435	215	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	65	35	30	175	80	100
Estonian	115	50	60	100	35	60
Hungarian	705	360	345	1,280	615	665
Latvian	145	70	75	185	105	80
Lithuanian	240	90	150	325	165	160
Moldovan	10	10	10	35	20	15
Polish	2,195	1,080	1,115	3,445	1,670	1,780
Romanian	560	275	280	945	485	460
Russian	1,610	750	865	2,260	1,015	1,245
Slovak	165	75	85	250	130	125
Ukrainian	1,595	745	845	3,535	1,750	1,785
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	55	30	20	70	25	45
Southern European origins	7,510	3,625	3,885	13,450	6,560	6,890
Albanian	60	30	30	120	65	55
Bosnian	75	40	40	120	65	55
Catalan	10	0	0	10	10	0
Croatian	315	155	160	310	120	190
Cypriot	25	10	15	30	20	10
Greek	785	445	340	950	485	465
Italian	3,580	1,670	1,910	7,460	3,615	3,845
Kosovar	0	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	170	90	75	80	35	45
Maltese	145	55	90	115	45	65
Montenegrin	15	10	0	20	20	0
Portuguese	1,230	585	650	1,785	840	945
Serbian	470	235	240	130	90	35
Sicilian	15	10	0	15	10	0
Slovenian	145	55	90	130	60	60
Spanish	1,180	545	630	2,555	1,220	1,330
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	65	20	45	120	55	65
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	10	10	20	10	10
Other European origins	655	365	290	1,805	960	840
Basque	15	0	15	90	50	40
Jewish	465	280	185	785	410	375
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	10	30	10	15
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	165	75	90	875	480	395
Caribbean origins	1,930	930	1,000	2,275	1,045	1,230
Antiguan	20	15	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	30	10	20	35	15	15
Barbadian	140	70	80	100	60	40
Bermudan	20	0	15	130	40	90
Carib	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cuban	40	20	20	235	135	100
Dominican	55	20	35	80	35	40
Grenadian	100	45	50	20	0	15
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	35	20	15
Haitian	55	40	20	305	140	160
Jamaican	920	465	460	750	350	395
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	10	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	85	40	40
St. Lucian	25	10	10	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	195	220	150	70	75
Vincentian/Grenadinian	40	15	20	45	10	35
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	155	70	85	245	110	135
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	140	55	85	185	65	120
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,040	1,090	2,135	1,110	1,025
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	75	45	25	65	40	25
Arawak	10	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	70	30	40	30	10	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Brazilian	220	100	120	60	15	45
Chilean	100	40	65	95	40	55
Colombian	280	115	165	265	105	160
Costa Rican	30	10	15	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	110	45	60	30	20	10
Guatemalan	40	20	20	125	40	85
Guyanese	310	135	175	115	50	70
Hispanic	25	15	10	75	35	35
Honduran	15	0	10	50	20	25
Maya	10	10	0	90	45	45
Mexican	325	165	155	700	395	300
Nicaraguan	45	25	20	20	20	0
Panamanian	10	0	0	15	15	0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	125	75	55	90	45	45
Salvadorean	110	60	50	135	95	40
Uruguayan	30	10	15	10	0	0
Venezuelan	230	105	120	60	35	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	105	70	40	110	65	50
African origins	2,610	1,330	1,270	6,705	3,535	3,170
Central and West African origins	435	250	195	1,835	1,045	790
Akan	0	0	0	20	10	10
Angolan	20	10	20	25	10	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	10	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cameroonian	10	10	0	150	110	40
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	0	415	250	165
Edo	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Gambian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	60	20	35	90	55	35
Guinean	10	15	0	175	125	50
Ibo	15	10	0	80	55	25
Ivorian	0	0	0	60	30	30
Liberian	0	0	0	80	45	35
Malian	0	0	0	125	55	65
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	250	145	100	230	115	115
Peulh	10	10	0	40	25	20
Senegalese	0	0	0	105	45	60
Sierra Leonean	10	0	10	20	0	20
Togolese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	30	15	50	25	25
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	20	225	135	90
North African origins	675	390	290	1,200	705	495
Algerian	30	15	15	190	90	90
Berber	0	0	0	180	105	70
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	420	255	165	210	130	80
Libyan	35	30	10	185	85	100
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	155	70	80	365	255	115
Sudanese	25	20	10	15	10	10
Tunisian	20	0	15	140	80	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	0	10	15	10	10
Southern and East African origins	875	395	480	1,050	565	485
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	30	25	0
Burundian	0	0	0	105	55	50
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	55	20	35	115	80	40
Ethiopian	190	85	110	180	105	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	25	20	10	0	0
Malagasy	10	0	0	60	20	35
Mauritian	15	0	10	0	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	30	10	20
Rwandan	35	25	10	105	50	55
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	0	10
Somali	145	60	80	30	25	0
South African	195	90	110	225	95	130
Tanzanian	35	25	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	65	35	35	25	15	15
Zambian	10	10	0	25	10	15
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	60	30	30
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	85	35	55	80	40	40
Other African origins	695	350	345	2,850	1,360	1,485
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	80	35	45	385	140	245
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	615	310	300	2,475	1,225	1,245
Asian origins	17,445	8,595	8,845	19,410	9,775	9,635
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,090	1,615	1,470	6,835	3,590	3,240
Afghan	75	40	30	25	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	200	90	110	590	300	295
Armenian	200	100	100	115	60	50
Assyrian	15	10	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	10	0	10
Georgian	25	20	0	10	10	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,125	565	565	665	365	305
Iraqi	105	40	60	105	50	55
Israeli	130	80	50	175	85	90
Jordanian	80	40	40	180	105	75
Kazakh	30	10	25	0	10	0
Kurd	40	25	15	80	45	30
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	415	245	170	2,825	1,435	1,395
Palestinian	220	145	75	75	40	30
Pashtun	10	10	0	20	10	10
Saudi Arabian	65	25	45	85	65	20
Syrian	140	75	70	1,685	865	825
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	15	0	15	25	10	15
Turk	335	190	150	235	150	85
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	15	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	20	10	15	40	25	10
Yemeni	25	15	15	35	20	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	65	35	35	50	35	15
South Asian origins	4,720	2,460	2,265	2,975	1,590	1,385
Bangladeshi	95	45	45	150	95	55
Bengali	50	25	25	50	40	10
Bhutanese	0	0	0	35	20	15
East Indian	3,730	1,970	1,760	2,150	1,105	1,045
Goan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	10	0	10	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	160	75	90
Pakistani	530	255	275	255	160	100
Punjabi	65	25	40	45	35	15
Sinhalese	20	15	0	15	0	10
Sri Lankan	220	110	110	100	45	55
Tamil	60	30	35	25	15	10
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	190	105	85	85	50	35
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,880	4,640	5,235	9,640	4,610	5,030
Burmese	10	0	10	25	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	30	60	30	30
Chinese	6,950	3,300	3,655	4,480	2,230	2,250
Filipino	1,270	605	670	2,130	870	1,265
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	65	25	35	100	30	65
Japanese	455	210	250	305	115	185
Karen	0	0	0	65	30	35
Korean	810	380	435	1,675	875	795
Laotian	35	15	20	0	10	0
Malaysian	85	40	45	30	15	15
Mongolian	35	10	25	45	30	15
Singaporean	40	20	20	10	10	0
Taiwanese	155	90	65	60	30	30
Thai	75	20	60	100	30	70
Tibetan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	600	280	315	885	450	435
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	30	10	20	10	0	10
Other Asian origins	75	20	50	110	70	45
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	75	20	55	115	65	45
Oceania origins	245	155	90	470	210	260
Australian	195	130	60	290	120	165
New Zealander	40	20	20	135	70	70
Pacific Islands origins	15	10	10	55	30	20
Fijian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Maori	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	10	0	10
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
Owner	13,265	...	...	238,040	...	...
Renter	17,455	...	...	79,865	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	1,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
Condominium	27,910	...	...	10,580	...	...
Not condominium	2,810	...	...	309,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	30,720	...	...	319,775	...	...
No bedrooms	725	...	...	680	...	...
1 bedroom	19,205	...	...	28,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,345	...	...	88,115	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,275	...	...	125,865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	170	...	...	76,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	26,400	...	...	66,540	...	...
5 rooms	2,970	...	...	56,365	...	...
6 rooms	885	...	...	54,070	...	...
7 rooms	305	...	...	45,825	...	...
8 or more rooms	160	...	...	96,970	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.3	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,075	...	...	318,195	...	...
More than 1 person per room	640	...	...	1,575	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
Suitable	28,505	...	...	312,370	...	...
Not suitable	2,210	...	...	7,405	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
1960 or before	880	...	...	76,690	...	...
1961 to 1980	580	...	...	98,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,715	...	...	45,630	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,360	...	...	39,825	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,075	...	...	19,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,500	...	...	22,530	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	11,600	...	...	17,290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	30,720	...	...	319,770	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	30,310	...	...	293,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	410	...	...	26,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	30,715	...	...	319,770	...	...
1 household maintainer	21,295	...	...	195,585	...	...
2 household maintainers	8,940	...	...	120,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	480	...	...	3,995	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	30,720	...	...	319,775	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,855	...	...	10,375	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,500	...	...	38,585	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,580	...	...	50,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,905	...	...	61,860	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,615	...	...	68,145	...	...
65 to 74 years	890	...	...	53,435	...	...
75 to 84 years	300	...	...	27,655	...	...
85 years and over	65	...	...	9,675	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	30,615	...	...	314,325	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,470	...	...	261,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,145	...	...	52,935	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,845	...	...	47,190	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,265	...	...	235,950	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	81.1	...	...	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,886	...	...	741	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,982	...	...	876	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	415,435	...	...	150,010	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	497,582	...	...	170,071	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,455	...	...	79,370	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	4.8	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	45.5	...	...	36.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,715	...	...	704	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,772	...	...	741	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	46,200	23,385	22,820	620,395	301,650	318,745
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,385	755	630	136,745	71,600	65,140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	6,095	3,295	2,800	176,750	85,345	91,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,730	19,340	19,395	306,895	144,700	162,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	775	470	305	56,595	39,965	16,630
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	355	190	165	29,630	17,320	12,315
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	420	280	135	26,965	22,645	4,320
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	6,020	2,895	3,120	135,065	56,055	79,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,045	445	595	11,610	3,995	7,620
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	30,895	15,525	15,365	103,630	44,685	58,945
Bachelor's degree	21,120	10,525	10,600	73,330	30,165	43,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,625	740	880	6,735	2,795	3,935
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	540	285	255	2,755	1,600	1,160
Master's degree	6,990	3,630	3,355	17,745	8,170	9,585
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	620	340	275	3,065	1,955	1,110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	38,460	19,745	18,720	400,785	194,715	206,070
No certificate, diploma or degree	725	415	315	55,645	32,390	23,260
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,785	2,205	1,585	114,330	56,430	57,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,945	17,130	16,815	230,810	105,890	124,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	640	385	255	37,710	26,335	11,375
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	295	155	135	19,900	11,430	8,475
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	350	230	120	17,805	14,905	2,900
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,190	2,560	2,630	104,595	43,695	60,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	395	505	7,685	2,660	5,020
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	27,215	13,785	13,430	80,825	33,195	47,625
Bachelor's degree	18,030	9,105	8,925	57,560	23,115	34,450
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,465	660	805	5,160	1,920	3,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	260	240	2,190	1,110	1,080
Master's degree	6,645	3,445	3,200	13,730	5,770	7,960
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	580	320	265	2,190	1,285	905
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	46,205	23,385	22,820	620,395	301,645	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	7,475	4,050	3,425	313,495	156,945	156,545
Education	695	180	520	25,570	6,725	18,845
13. Education	700	180	520	25,565	6,720	18,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,080	1,375	1,700	6,140	2,800	3,335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	500	340	155	1,155	905	250
50. Visual and performing arts	2,580	1,035	1,545	4,990	1,900	3,085
Humanities	2,355	915	1,435	12,430	5,245	7,190
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	245	35	205	1,040	255	785
23. English language and literature/letters	825	245	580	2,395	715	1,675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	215	315	3,055	1,065	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	10	20	55	20	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	220	155	65	725	455	270
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	2,150	1,325	825
54. History	395	220	170	2,190	1,185	1,005
55. French language and literature/letters	50	0	50	830	220	605
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,580	3,065	4,515	23,780	6,945	16,835
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	40	190	35	155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,670	605	1,065	1,725	710	1,015
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	315	50	265	6,015	305	5,710
22. Legal professions and studies	1,245	570	680	3,935	1,325	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	150	15	130	420	95	325
42. Psychology	1,010	260	755	5,075	1,355	3,725
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,555	1,590	6,420	3,120	3,300
Business, management and public administration	12,505	6,615	5,885	67,605	19,470	48,135
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	35	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	115	295	5,670	1,010	4,660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,085	6,500	5,585	61,705	18,425	43,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,575	715	855	7,625	3,930	3,700
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	355	515	3,320	1,525	1,800
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	115	180	1,845	825	1,025
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	50	10	40	130	30	100
40. Physical sciences	335	215	115	1,720	1,265	455
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	610	285	325
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,685	1,945	740	11,275	7,185	4,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,030	1,575	450	9,975	6,640	3,335
25. Library science	50	10	45	620	95	525
27. Mathematics and statistics	580	345	235	620	395	225
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	25	10	55	45	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	4,020	2,975	1,040	70,800	67,070	3,735
04. Architecture and related services	735	350	385	500	365	140
14. Engineering	2,550	1,950	600	8,020	7,015	1,010
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	375	330	45	13,010	11,575	1,430
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	220	215	0	18,910	18,555	350
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	110	110	10	20,075	19,570	505
48. Precision production	30	20	10	10,290	9,985	300
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	110	170	6,370	4,715	1,650
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	80	30	50	2,970	1,840	1,130
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	80	115	3,395	2,875	520
Health and related fields	3,100	980	2,115	49,795	7,490	42,305
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	450	255	200	2,770	1,325	1,445
51. Health professions and related programs	2,505	650	1,855	46,160	5,600	40,550
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	150	85	65	870	565	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	855	455	405	25,460	13,110	12,355
12. Personal and culinary services	595	270	320	13,835	2,735	11,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	15	0	105	95	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	390	355	40
43. Security and protective services	170	90	75	4,665	3,795	875
49. Transportation and materials moving	75	70	10	6,465	6,135	325
Other	10	0	0	50	25	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	45	25	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	38,460	19,745	18,715	400,780	194,710	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,515	2,615	1,900	169,970	88,820	81,150
Education	575	155	415	16,350	3,830	12,520
13. Education	575	155	415	16,350	3,835	12,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,700	1,225	1,480	4,690	2,140	2,550
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	415	280	130	830	630	200
50. Visual and performing arts	2,285	940	1,345	3,860	1,510	2,350
Humanities	2,040	840	1,200	8,810	3,450	5,360
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	230	30	200	820	195	625
23. English language and literature/letters	710	220	485	1,725	490	1,235
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	430	195	230	2,125	650	1,475
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	10	20	35	10	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	140	55	500	295	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	1,460	860	595
54. History	355	210	140	1,630	855	775
55. French language and literature/letters	40	0	40	520	100	420
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,780	2,790	3,990	18,970	5,210	13,760
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	40	135	20	115
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,470	560	910	1,500	630	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	40	215	4,685	235	4,450
22. Legal professions and studies	1,190	535	655	3,280	940	2,340
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	130	20	110	335	70	260
42. Psychology	880	245	635	4,015	980	3,035
45. Social sciences	2,795	1,365	1,425	5,015	2,330	2,680
Business, management and public administration	10,825	5,830	5,000	52,915	15,055	37,860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	215	40	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	110	245	4,505	735	3,770
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,470	5,720	4,750	48,190	14,280	33,915
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	625	725	5,620	2,710	2,905
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	740	300	440	2,580	1,135	1,445
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	110	145	1,275	540	730
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	45	10	30	110	20	95
40. Physical sciences	290	185	105	1,185	820	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	0	465	195	270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,445	1,800	650	9,710	6,285	3,425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,865	1,450	420	8,815	5,910	2,905
25. Library science	45	10	40	415	70	345
27. Mathematics and statistics	505	320	185	430	265	170
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	10	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,470	2,525	945	51,150	47,940	3,210
04. Architecture and related services	660	310	350	395	270	120
14. Engineering	2,180	1,645	535	6,230	5,295	935
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	330	290	40	10,405	9,135	1,270
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	190	185	0	13,110	12,825	290
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	90	85	0	14,025	13,635	395
48. Precision production	20	10	10	6,980	6,770	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	70	135	5,010	3,575	1,430
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	55	15	35	2,355	1,395	960
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	55	100	2,655	2,185	470
Health and related fields	2,795	870	1,925	38,135	5,850	32,285
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	415	235	185	2,145	1,060	1,085
51. Health professions and related programs	2,235	555	1,680	35,295	4,385	30,905
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	140	85	60	695	405	285
Personal, protective and transportation services	755	400	355	19,415	9,810	9,600
12. Personal and culinary services	525	240	280	10,520	1,945	8,575
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	95	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	220	190	35
43. Security and protective services	160	90	70	3,460	2,760	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	55	0	5,115	4,835	285
Other	10	0	10	45	25	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	40	25	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	46,200	23,385	22,815	620,390	301,650	318,745
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,475	4,045	3,425	313,495	156,945	156,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	38,730	19,340	19,395	306,900	144,700	162,200
Location of study inside Canada	30,625	15,205	15,420	290,645	136,490	154,155
Same as province or territory of residence	26,285	13,080	13,205	229,835	106,610	123,230
Different than province or territory of residence	4,345	2,130	2,215	60,810	29,880	30,925
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,100	4,125	3,975	16,255	8,205	8,050
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,705	985	730	5,360	2,675	2,685
Philippines	210	80	130	920	285	635
India	695	350	345	460	230	230
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,015	550	460	1,995	1,175	815
China^{Census data footnote 162}	415	170	245	1,105	550	555
France	275	165	110	660	370	290
Other	3,780	1,820	1,955	5,755	2,920	2,835
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	38,460	19,745	18,720	400,785	194,715	206,070
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,515	2,615	1,905	169,970	88,815	81,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	33,945	17,125	16,820	230,815	105,895	124,920
Location of study inside Canada	26,750	13,495	13,260	218,710	100,175	118,535
Same as province or territory of residence	22,965	11,580	11,390	172,760	78,520	94,240
Different than province or territory of residence	3,785	1,915	1,870	45,950	21,660	24,295
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	7,195	3,635	3,560	12,105	5,715	6,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,535	865	675	3,460	1,555	1,905
Philippines	175	60	110	875	260	615
India	655	330	325	345	160	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	875	465	410	1,070	575	490
China^{Census data footnote 162}	340	130	205	1,025	475	550
France	235	150	85	525	300	225
Other	3,365	1,630	1,740	4,800	2,390	2,415
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	46,200	23,380	22,820	620,390	301,650	318,745
In the labour force	39,780	20,760	19,020	381,790	197,005	184,790
Employed	37,750	19,840	17,915	339,045	170,050	168,995
Unemployed	2,030	920	1,110	42,745	26,950	15,795
Not in the labour force	6,420	2,625	3,795	238,600	104,645	133,955
Participation rate	86.1	88.8	83.3	61.5	65.3	58.0
Employment rate	81.7	84.9	78.5	54.7	56.4	53.0
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.4	5.8	11.2	13.7	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	46,205	23,380	22,815	620,390	301,645	318,745
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	6,340	2,680	3,655	217,930	94,105	123,825
Worked	39,865	20,700	19,165	402,465	207,540	194,920
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	24,740	13,475	11,265	201,230	106,785	94,450
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	15,125	7,225	7,900	201,225	100,760	100,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.8	45.4	44.2	41.0	40.6	41.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	39,780	20,760	19,025	381,795	197,000	184,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	570	210	360	7,320	3,790	3,530
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	39,220	20,550	18,670	374,470	193,210	181,260
Employee	35,230	18,175	17,050	342,685	173,560	169,125
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,990	2,375	1,615	31,785	19,655	12,130
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	39,785	20,760	19,025	381,790	197,005	184,790
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	570	210	355	7,320	3,790	3,530
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	39,215	20,550	18,665	374,470	193,215	181,255
0 Management occupations	7,405	4,330	3,075	34,015	20,605	13,415
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,875	4,415	5,460	52,695	14,200	38,495
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,835	3,645	1,190	20,705	16,300	4,405
3 Health occupations	1,840	495	1,350	30,730	4,870	25,865
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,545	1,920	2,630	45,640	15,355	30,285
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,280	1,700	1,575	6,610	2,925	3,685
6 Sales and service occupations	6,490	3,180	3,310	91,035	36,535	54,505
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	765	710	50	59,925	57,015	2,910
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	35	35	0	14,485	12,280	2,205
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	140	115	30	18,620	13,130	5,495
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	39,780	20,760	19,025	381,795	197,000	184,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	565	210	355	7,320	3,790	3,530
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	39,215	20,555	18,665	374,470	193,210	181,260
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	10	0	15,135	12,025	3,115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	45	65	4,345	3,765	580
22 Utilities	170	95	75	3,350	2,615	735
23 Construction	880	760	115	27,795	25,195	2,595
31-33 Manufacturing	1,150	715	435	32,405	23,215	9,195
41 Wholesale trade	1,225	720	500	11,170	8,180	2,990
44-45 Retail trade	2,405	1,115	1,290	46,180	21,220	24,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	795	525	270	17,680	13,295	4,390
51 Information and cultural industries	2,880	1,780	1,095	6,615	3,700	2,915
52 Finance and insurance	6,520	3,745	2,770	12,415	4,090	8,325
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,225	675	550	3,830	2,245	1,585
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,565	5,440	4,130	17,240	9,485	7,750
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	75	130	345	145	195
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,205	590	615	18,530	10,060	8,475
61 Educational services	2,005	735	1,270	26,090	8,180	17,905
62 Health care and social assistance	2,600	670	1,930	51,380	7,955	43,430
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,235	615	625	5,950	3,065	2,885
72 Accommodation and food services	2,730	1,310	1,415	24,825	8,460	16,365
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,005	315	690	17,105	8,365	8,745
91 Public administration	1,310	630	685	32,090	17,960	14,135
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	37,750	19,840	17,915	339,045	170,050	168,995
Worked at home	3,105	1,810	1,300	19,445	9,485	9,955
Worked outside Canada	375	195	180	1,315	885	430
No fixed workplace address	2,585	1,755	830	37,925	28,630	9,300
Worked at usual place	31,690	16,080	15,610	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	31,685	16,080	15,610	280,360	131,055	149,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,100	13,980	14,115	127,230	57,560	69,670
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	97,230	44,565	52,665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,525	2,060	1,465	50,560	25,155	25,410
Commute to a different province or territory	65	40	25	5,345	3,775	1,565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	34,270	17,835	16,440	318,285	159,680	158,605
Car, truck, van - as a driver	7,820	4,760	3,055	266,035	135,575	130,460
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	720	290	430	24,455	9,855	14,600
Public transit	9,365	4,080	5,285	7,290	3,600	3,690
Walked	14,345	7,420	6,925	14,650	6,900	7,755
Bicycle	1,555	1,045	510	1,210	800	405
Other method	475	245	235	4,645	2,950	1,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	34,275	17,830	16,440	318,290	159,680	158,605
Less than 15 minutes	5,680	3,265	2,420	135,690	63,885	71,810
15 to 29 minutes	14,140	7,480	6,660	118,075	58,505	59,570
30 to 44 minutes	9,040	4,405	4,640	39,230	21,385	17,845
45 to 59 minutes	2,950	1,440	1,510	12,945	7,275	5,670
60 minutes and over	2,465	1,250	1,215	12,345	8,635	3,710
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	34,275	17,835	16,440	318,285	159,680	158,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	585	400	185	17,850	12,755	5,100
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,350	1,345	1,005	51,825	30,905	20,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,115	3,715	3,400	112,460	55,470	56,990
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,580	7,265	7,305	64,235	25,835	38,400
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,345	3,565	2,775	25,595	9,415	16,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,315	1,545	1,765	46,320	25,300	21,020
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	40,910	21,225	19,685	413,695	212,875	200,820
Single responses	40,255	20,920	19,335	395,120	204,270	190,850
Official languages	39,820	20,705	19,110	394,015	203,660	190,355
English	39,655	20,635	19,020	304,775	160,255	144,515
French	165	70	95	89,240	43,400	45,840
Non-official languages	435	220	220	1,105	615	490
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	255	140	115
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	250	135	110
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	255	135	110
Malecite	0	0	0	15	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	240	135	110
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	435	215	215	855	475	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	160	105	50
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	10	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10	140	100	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	10	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	85	95	170	95	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	10	30	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	30	10	20
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	25	10	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	25	10	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	10	0	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15	40	30	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	35	25	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	10	10	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	65	65	65	35	25
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	45	35	10	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	80	30	50	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	15	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	60	35	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	20	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	110	100	365	185	175
Chinese languages	210	110	100	360	185	175
Cantonese	45	25	25	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	155	80	75	295	150	150
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	30	25	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	655	305	350	18,575	8,605	9,970
English and French	320	145	175	18,045	8,350	9,695
English and non-official language	315	155	165	475	240	235
French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language	20	0	20	45	15	35
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	40,905	21,225	19,685	413,690	212,875	200,820
None	37,890	19,700	18,190	322,045	167,900	154,150
English	345	140	200	44,925	21,560	23,360
French	1,435	740	695	44,415	22,175	22,240
Non-official language	1,155	595	565	2,090	1,115	975
Aboriginal	0	0	0	615	285	330
Non-Aboriginal	1,160	590	565	1,475	830	645
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	15	0	55	20	35
French and non-official language	70	40	35	160	95	65
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	48,280	24,435	23,845	724,030	354,435	369,600
Non-movers	31,955	16,125	15,830	641,310	314,280	327,020
Movers	16,325	8,310	8,015	82,720	40,150	42,570
Non-migrants	9,905	5,020	4,885	45,630	21,830	23,800
Migrants	6,420	3,285	3,130	37,090	18,320	18,765
Internal migrants	4,530	2,305	2,225	32,585	15,995	16,585
Intraprovincial migrants	3,280	1,660	1,620	21,995	10,555	11,445
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	640	605	10,585	5,445	5,140
External migrants	1,890	985	910	4,505	2,320	2,185
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	47,240	23,875	23,360	696,160	340,310	355,845
Non-movers	10,815	5,425	5,395	480,830	237,150	243,685
Movers	36,420	18,455	17,965	215,325	103,155	112,165
Non-migrants	16,985	8,600	8,385	113,835	53,935	59,900
Migrants	19,430	9,855	9,580	101,490	49,215	52,275
Internal migrants	13,335	6,730	6,600	89,980	43,165	46,815
Intraprovincial migrants	9,750	4,985	4,760	60,645	28,475	32,165
Interprovincial migrants	3,585	1,745	1,835	29,335	14,685	14,650
External migrants	6,100	3,120	2,980	11,510	6,050	5,455

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^©

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. M5V [Forward sortation area^©] and New Brunswick [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
M5V [Forward sortation area^©] and New Brunswick [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census M5V [Forward sortation area©] and New Brunswick [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
M5V [Forward sortation area^©] and New Brunswick [Province]