Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Calgary Alberta [Population centre]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Map : Calgary [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,237,656	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,094,379 ^r	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.1	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	489,271	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	466,391	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,111.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	586.08	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,237,650	617,210	620,440	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	226,580	116,325	110,255	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	77,820	39,975	37,840	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	79,230	40,790	38,440	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	69,530	35,560	33,970	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	872,320	437,655	434,665	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	69,630	35,685	33,940	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	78,480	39,740	38,735	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	99,950	49,625	50,325	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	109,160	54,535	54,630	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	100,160	49,720	50,445	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	93,220	46,670	46,545	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	87,690	44,345	43,345	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	86,785	43,525	43,255	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	82,155	41,160	40,995	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	65,095	32,645	32,450	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	138,750	63,230	75,520	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	48,950	23,915	25,035	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	31,665	15,070	16,590	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	22,775	10,250	12,530	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	17,360	7,505	9,860	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	18,000	6,495	11,500	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	11,505	4,530	6,975	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	4,985	1,605	3,375	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	1,355	345	1,010	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	165	20	145	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	18.8	17.8	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	70.5	70.9	70.1	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	11.2	10.2	12.2	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	1.5	1.1	1.9	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.6	37.0	38.2	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.1	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	466,395	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	262,430	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	32,885	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	169,050	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	29,430	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	44,710	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,860	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	72,850	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	195	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,025	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	466,390	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	114,185	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	150,775	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	78,405	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	75,220	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	47,805	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,221,000	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	1,011,070	500,885	510,185	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	595,925	298,785	297,135	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	506,035	253,695	252,340	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	89,885	45,090	44,795	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	415,150	202,105	213,050	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	292,725	160,265	132,465	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	22,220	9,685	12,540	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	62,225	24,230	37,995	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	37,970	7,925	30,045	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	336,770	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	155,450	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	75,845	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	74,685	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	30,785	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	336,770	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	289,225	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	244,295	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	44,935	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	47,545	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	37,050	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	10,495	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	289,225	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	126,065	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	163,160	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	62,340	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	71,235	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	29,585	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	47,545	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	29,385	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	13,505	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	4,650	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	219,475	112,410	107,070	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	466,395	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	309,995	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	115,155	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	194,840	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	12,900	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	143,500	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	114,185	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	29,320	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	1,107,090	558,230	548,855	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	1,165	505	655	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	89,335	41,345	47,990	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	29,190	11,970	17,220	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	1,171,870	587,145	584,725	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	18,945	9,585	9,355	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	7,390	3,665	3,730	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	28,575	11,660	16,915	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	22,640	11,420	11,220	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.8	1.9	1.8	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	1,188,730	593,530	595,195	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	824,410	417,710	406,695	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	806,275	408,530	397,750	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	18,135	9,185	8,950	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	364,320	175,820	188,500	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	695	250	440	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	490	185	300	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	225	85	135	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	195	80	115	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	0	0	0	100	50	55
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	315	125	190
Plains Cree	50	20	30	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	10	0	5	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	5	5	10	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	125	55	70	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	10	50	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	0	5	0	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	50	10	45	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	20	35	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	0	0	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	20	10	10	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	5	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	20	5	15	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	5	0	5	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	5	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	0	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	20	10	10	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	5	5	0	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	5	0	0	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	10	5	10	465	230	235
Salish languages	5	5	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	90	25	70	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	20	5	15	1,215	570	635
Stoney	70	20	50	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	363,630	175,570	188,060	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	28,940	15,185	13,760	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	130	75	55	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	60	30	30	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	75	40	25	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	2,465	1,225	1,240	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	50	30	20	805	455	350
Oromo	940	485	455	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	1,460	705	755	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	365	195	170
Semitic languages	26,300	13,855	12,450	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	4,045	1,950	2,090	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	18,355	9,860	8,495	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	280	150	130	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	70	40	30	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	480	240	245	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	35	15	15	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	2,750	1,460	1,290	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	205	105	110	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,365	6,235	7,125	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	835	400	435	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	12,520	5,830	6,685	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	46,370	20,125	26,240	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	190	85	105	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	1,925	820	1,100	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	40	20	15	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	665	260	400	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	2,540	1,110	1,435	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	20	5	15	1,430	665	760
Malay	760	330	425	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	260	125	130	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	125	50	70	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	39,235	17,045	22,185	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	140	65	75	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	475	200	275	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	605	305	300	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	415	205	210	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	180	90	85	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	5,125	2,670	2,460	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	285	145	140	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	2,075	1,065	1,010	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	1,805	955	855	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	930	490	440	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	90	45	45	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	175,190	86,705	88,485	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	1,325	700	630	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	245	130	120	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	29,575	13,830	15,745	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	495	235	260	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	165	80	95	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	325	155	170	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	29,080	13,600	15,485	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	20	10	10	810	385	430
Bosnian	780	390	395	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	925	475	450	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	1,890	930	960	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	1,360	640	720	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	150	75	75	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	7,670	3,610	4,060	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	9,255	4,185	5,070	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	1,815	910	905	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	515	250	265	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	1,070	520	555	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	235	100	135	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	3,350	1,485	1,860	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	115	60	60	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	25	1,090	540	550
Welsh	55	30	25	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	530	295	235
Germanic languages	15,710	7,520	8,185	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	805	400	410	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	755	385	370	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	3,455	1,725	1,725	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	35	15	15	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	9,925	4,665	5,255	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	65	35	30	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	220	95	130	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	275	120	155	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	90	45	50	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	85	35	40	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	525	280	240
Greek	1,470	740	735	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	86,810	43,990	42,820	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	74,000	37,325	36,675	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	4,045	2,070	1,970	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	5,375	2,705	2,670	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	7,025	3,580	3,440	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	80	45	35	565	300	265
Konkani	165	80	85	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	840	430	410	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	1,925	1,010	915	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	100	50	45	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35,585	17,915	17,675	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	1,665	780	885	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	925	450	470	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	16,275	8,200	8,075	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	11,875	6,170	5,700	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	740	395	345	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	1,610	825	785	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	9,525	4,950	4,575	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	445	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	39,935	19,740	20,190	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	45	20	25	865	440	425
Italian	4,995	2,545	2,450	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	3,360	1,595	1,760	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	4,495	2,285	2,205	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	27,030	13,290	13,740	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	720	380	340
Japanese	2,305	815	1,495	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	130	75	55	1,715	910	805
Georgian	130	70	55	1,715	910	805
Korean	8,875	4,105	4,770	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	450	210	240	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	445	210	235	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	5,575	2,860	2,715	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	640	335	305	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	15	5	5	1,535	815	720
Edo	100	65	35	1,670	770	900
Ewe	55	35	25	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	45	40	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	55	25	25	920	445	470
Ganda	40	15	20	1,295	625	665
Igbo	680	360	320	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	85	40	45	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	70	75	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	60	60	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	290	145	150	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	755	365	390	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	120	65	50	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	1,370	720	650	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,040	515	525	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,495	735	755	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	720	360	355	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	775	370	400	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	235	130	105	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	85	45	45	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	145	90	60	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	68,080	32,050	36,035	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	66,845	31,435	35,410	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	33,690	15,835	17,855	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	340	155	185	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	28,335	13,360	14,975	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	45	20	20	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,675	745	925	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	370	170	195	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,385	1,150	1,235	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,240	615	625	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	265	135	130	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	280	135	150	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	550	280	265	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	1,005	365	640	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	430	195	230	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	565	165	400	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	80	35	55
Turkic languages	1,720	945	775	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	240	135	105	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	1,210	680	525	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	60	30	30	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	75	35	40	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	75	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	3,755	1,810	1,950	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	90	45	45	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	280	105	170	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	3,390	1,655	1,735	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	190	130	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	38,055	18,530	19,530	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	3,195	1,525	1,670	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	33,110	16,170	16,940	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	1,005	515	490	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	750	320	430	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,226,785	612,060	614,725	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	1,143,930	571,575	572,355	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	931,960	468,085	463,875	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	924,325	464,195	460,125	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	7,640	3,895	3,745	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	211,970	103,485	108,480	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	185	90	90	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	125	65	60	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	60	35	25	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	60	30	30	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	5	5	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	55	30	25	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	5	5	5	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	5	0	5	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	5	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	0	0	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	0	0	5	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	5	5	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	25	10	15	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	15	0	10	255	140	120
Stoney	15	10	10	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	211,790	103,400	108,390	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	17,940	9,160	8,780	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	60	35	25	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	25	15	10	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	1,640	800	840	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	45	25	25	620	330	285
Oromo	700	350	355	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	890	425	460	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	185	85	95
Semitic languages	16,220	8,320	7,905	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	2,705	1,295	1,410	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	10,780	5,580	5,195	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	100	100	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	30	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	45	25	25	735	335	400
Hebrew	240	120	120	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	5	0	5	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	2,045	1,090	955	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	145	75	70	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,755	4,120	4,635	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	425	210	220	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	8,325	3,905	4,415	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	5	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	24,790	11,560	13,230	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	30	10	15	290	140	155
Cebuano	815	385	430	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	15	10	5	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	200	95	110	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	1,020	475	540	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	10	0	10	435	220	210
Malay	230	125	105	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	15	10	10	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	22,195	10,340	11,855	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	50	25	25	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145	60	85	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	280	145	140	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	215	110	110	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	3,110	1,580	1,530	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	115	60	55	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	1,275	645	630	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	1,155	580	575	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	550	285	270	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	35	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	97,070	48,290	48,785	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	610	325	285	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	105	55	50	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	13,295	6,505	6,795	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	225	120	110	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	80	45	35	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	150	80	70	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	13,070	6,380	6,685	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	0	0	0	230	105	120
Bosnian	350	175	175	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	475	240	235	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	680	335	350	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	395	190	205	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	80	40	40	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	3,115	1,510	1,610	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	5,640	2,730	2,910	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	930	460	475	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	415	205	210	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	760	385	370	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	670	310	360
Celtic languages	15	10	5	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	185	105	80
Welsh	5	0	5	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	80	50	30
Germanic languages	2,065	975	1,090	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	410	195	220	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	65	30	30	855	410	445
Dutch	395	190	200	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	0	0	0	185	95	90
German	1,085	505	580	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	15	10	5	270	120	150
Norwegian	25	10	15	345	145	200
Swedish	50	25	25	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	355	170	185
Yiddish	10	5	5	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	1,625	820	810
Greek	480	225	255	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	58,575	29,405	29,170	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	50,230	25,205	25,025	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	2,700	1,355	1,345	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	3,045	1,525	1,520	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	3,965	2,040	1,925	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	50	25	25	135	70	70
Konkani	35	20	15	720	355	370
Marathi	445	230	215	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	1,330	685	645	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	45	25	20	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,795	13,430	13,365	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	705	310	395	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	470	230	240	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	10,645	5,325	5,320	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	7,850	3,950	3,905	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	450	230	225	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	1,030	525	510	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	6,370	3,195	3,175	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	490	255	240	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	21,920	10,790	11,130	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	25	10	10	355	165	190
Italian	1,215	535	680	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	1,645	790	855	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	2,330	1,195	1,135	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	16,715	8,255	8,460	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	180	85	95
Japanese	1,070	465	600	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	80	40	35	1,040	565	475
Georgian	80	45	35	1,035	565	475
Korean	6,340	3,015	3,320	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	275	130	145	910	440	470
Mongolian	280	130	145	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	1,745	840	905	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	300	155	145	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	0	0	0	340	180	160
Edo	25	10	15	415	175	240
Ewe	15	10	5	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	825	400	425
Ga	15	5	10	250	105	140
Ganda	5	0	0	345	160	185
Igbo	135	65	70	1,000	485	510
Lingala	25	10	15	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	30	35	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	15	1,530	670	865
Shona	95	45	50	1,035	475	560
Swahili	340	155	185	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	65	35	25	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	330	155	170	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	265	130	140	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	900	435	470	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	440	215	230	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	460	220	240	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	310	180	135	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	75	40	40	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	140	95	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,295	22,025	24,265	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	45,410	21,585	23,825	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	22,025	10,275	11,745	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	100	35	60	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	20,865	10,110	10,755	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	10	0	5	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	670	290	375	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	105	105	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,535	760	775	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	880	440	440	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	175	90	85	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	235	105	125	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	395	205	190	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	380	165	215	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	180	75	95	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	195	85	110	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	30	15	15
Turkic languages	980	510	470	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	105	55	50	1,245	640	610
Turkish	730	390	345	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	45	20	25	610	315	290
Uzbek	50	25	30	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	455	230	225
Uralic languages	1,295	640	660	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	15	5	15	975	365	610
Finnish	35	25	15	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	1,240	610	630	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	82,850	40,485	42,365	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	2,160	1,080	1,075	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	79,110	38,650	40,460	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	370	180	190	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	1,215	565	645	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,226,780	612,060	614,725	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	1,013,605	508,710	504,900	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	92,670	46,130	46,540	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	11,895	5,435	6,460	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	104,740	49,860	54,880	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	605	240	365	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	104,130	49,625	54,510	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	640	325	320	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	2,060	1,045	1,015	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	1,130	535	600	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	35	20	15	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	995,125	494,055	501,070	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,760	469,085	475,675	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,329	52,561	35,519	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	944,950	469,140	475,810	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,523	45,393	32,357	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	883,485	448,790	434,700	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,196	52,389	34,907	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	543,870	215,680	328,190	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,952	1,869	3,373	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	769,375	399,655	369,720	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,639	52,188	36,017	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	995,210	494,100	501,115	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,390	469,290	476,095	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	67,771	85,509	50,286	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	945,555	469,340	476,215	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	53,910	66,244	41,754	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	883,795	448,920	434,875	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	68,519	86,325	50,138	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	543,805	215,575	328,230	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,459	6,381	6,511	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	769,535	399,690	369,845	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	64,591	79,653	48,313	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	995,210	494,095	501,110	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	361,015	205,600	155,405	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	65,913	73,256	57,818	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	89,601	103,821	70,787	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	94.6	96.6	91.2	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.3	79.1	74.1	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	5.4	3.4	8.8	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	995,125	494,055	501,065	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	50,360	24,965	25,395	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	944,760	469,085	475,675	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	123,335	48,650	74,680	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	118,265	47,890	70,370	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	107,715	43,760	63,960	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	92,285	41,415	50,870	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	88,695	42,385	46,305	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	75,965	38,245	37,720	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	62,445	33,330	29,115	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	50,120	28,200	21,915	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	40,085	23,095	16,990	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	34,025	19,435	14,600	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	151,815	102,675	49,140	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	83,580	52,185	31,390	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	68,235	50,485	17,750	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	995,125	494,055	501,070	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	50,170	24,915	25,255	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	944,950	469,140	475,810	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	95.0	95.0	95.0	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	126,295	49,590	76,700	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	123,390	50,210	73,185	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	124,510	51,355	73,155	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	115,510	53,830	61,680	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	107,240	53,445	53,795	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	83,795	44,620	39,175	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	62,835	35,585	27,255	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	47,860	27,685	20,175	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	153,515	102,820	50,695	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	36,125	21,065	15,065	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	24,865	15,440	9,425	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	92,525	66,320	26,210	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	995,120	494,055	501,070	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	225,745	94,400	131,345	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	769,375	399,655	369,720	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	77.3	80.9	73.8	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	80,400	36,470	43,930	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	49,660	21,190	28,460	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	84,725	36,915	47,810	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	73,195	31,700	41,495	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	70,515	32,850	37,660	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	69,210	33,630	35,580	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	60,825	30,800	30,025	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	50,320	27,550	22,770	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	41,285	23,440	17,850	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	189,240	125,105	64,135	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	33,800	19,870	13,930	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	29,690	17,030	12,655	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	125,750	88,205	37,550	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	466,390	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	97,300	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	83,048	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	114,180	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,329	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,651	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	352,210	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	115,386	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	98,189	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	466,440	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	137,359	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	109,284	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	114,225	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	71,377	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	56,965	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	352,215	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	158,757	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	126,252	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	466,390	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,095	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,355	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,255	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,365	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,760	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,675	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,865	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,935	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	13,220	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	13,590	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,320	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	28,780	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,950	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	27,105	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,665	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	226,460	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	55,690	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	42,510	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	54,900	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	73,355	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	466,390	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	7,680	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,430	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,440	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,780	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,760	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,315	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,280	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,695	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,750	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,610	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	35,495	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,025	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	33,905	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	31,910	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,510	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	182,825	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	57,345	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	40,165	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	85,310	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	331,055	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	113,955	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,946	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	113,275	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	106,943	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	90,309	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	163,050	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,381	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,198	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	43,260	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,079	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,304	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	331,075	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	159,385	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,303	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	113,300	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	154,632	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	121,675	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	163,125	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	183,674	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	144,622	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,900	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	88,799	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	74,698	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	187,195	98,000	89,200	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	44,340	47,222	41,237	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	38,947	40,898	36,764	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	186,825	97,950	88,875	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	60,493	65,466	55,012	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	49,025	52,251	45,471	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,221,000	609,875	611,130	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	453,240	220,780	232,465	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	89,985	44,940	45,045	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	80,570	37,495	43,075	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	87,195	41,815	45,380	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	93,255	45,805	47,455	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	102,240	50,730	51,515	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	767,755	389,095	378,665	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	109,090	54,620	54,470	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	117,105	58,835	58,270	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	130,070	65,760	64,310	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	156,095	78,820	77,275	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	255,400	131,060	124,340	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,221,000	609,870	611,130	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	266,820	136,855	129,965	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	93,315	47,870	45,450	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	826,185	413,300	412,880	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	128,000	59,720	68,285	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	113,380	54,425	58,955	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	34,385	17,710	16,675	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	12,390	6,365	6,025	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	68,255	32,640	35,610	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	10,745	4,080	6,665	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.9	9.6	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.9	12.8	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.9	8.6	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.8	9.8	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	106,190	52,690	53,490	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	28,425	14,660	13,770	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	10,190	5,240	4,945	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	71,390	35,450	35,945	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	6,365	2,585	3,780	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.7	10.6	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.9	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.7	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	5.0	4.3	5.5	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	1,192,040	597,685	594,355	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	1,190,850	597,160	593,685	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	90,150	41,690	48,460	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	459,765	223,005	236,760	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	1,145	445	700	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	825	320	505	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	340	115	220	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	395	170	225	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	545	225	320
Plains Cree	90	35	50	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	15	10	10	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	55	10	45	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	235	115	115	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	40	60	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	90	35	55	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	0	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	125	55	70	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	130	55	70	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	10	0	10	1,150	535	610
Dene	20	10	15	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	90	35	50	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	35	15	20	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	10	10	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	0	0	0	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	10	10	0	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	0	0	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	20	0	15	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	10	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	295	270
Siouan languages	120	35	90	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	60	30	35	1,760	870	890
Stoney	80	15	65	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	15	10	0	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	10	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	10	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	458,645	222,570	236,070	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	40,545	21,255	19,290	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	205	140	60	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	110	65	50	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	80	10	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	3,580	1,825	1,760	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	65	40	20	1,085	625	470
Oromo	1,370	715	655	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	2,175	1,085	1,090	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	480	220	265
Semitic languages	37,380	19,665	17,720	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	5,745	2,910	2,840	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	27,475	14,610	12,865	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	145	160	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	45	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	95	45	50	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	1,550	740	805	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	35	20	10	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	3,550	1,925	1,625	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	135	110	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	160	95	65	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,185	8,185	9,005	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,140	620	520	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	16,105	7,590	8,515	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	58,325	25,175	33,155	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	165	65	100	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	2,680	1,205	1,475	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	120	65	55	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	920	365	560	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	3,645	1,580	2,060	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	45	15	25	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	1,440	680	765	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	405	200	210	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	205	80	120	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,150	23,645	31,505	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	190	70	115	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	550	235	320	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	1,665	820	845	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	1,070	530	540	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	565	275	290	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	7,020	3,670	3,350	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	530	270	270	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	2,475	1,300	1,175	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	3,140	1,635	1,505	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	1,295	680	615	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	70	40	35	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	85	40	45	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	231,575	115,000	116,575	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	1,685	885	800	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	295	165	130	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	34,535	16,765	17,775	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	590	280	305	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	230	115	115	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	360	165	195	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	34,175	16,590	17,580	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	70	30	40	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	1,230	655	575	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	1,075	575	500	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	2,520	1,240	1,280	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	1,635	770	860	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	270	145	120	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	8,895	4,245	4,650	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	13,245	6,395	6,855	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	2,300	1,135	1,165	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	565	310	260	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	1,460	800	655	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	285	135	150	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	4,465	2,025	2,445	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	440	205	235	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	165	80	85	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	85	55	35	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	190	75	110	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	24,180	11,950	12,230	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	1,675	905	770	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	930	440	485	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	4,255	2,095	2,165	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	55	25	30	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	16,755	8,375	8,375	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	80	40	40	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	455	175	280	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	605	280	325	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	115	55	55	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	175	95	80	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	2,310	1,165	1,145	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	108,155	54,950	53,205	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	95,730	48,350	47,380	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	4,960	2,490	2,470	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	8,355	4,065	4,290	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	28,330	14,520	13,810	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	65	45	20	905	490	420
Konkani	370	195	180	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	1,525	795	730	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	2,210	1,220	995	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	150	75	75	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	46,930	23,830	23,100	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	2,605	1,145	1,465	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,360	675	680	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	24,925	12,725	12,200	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	13,295	6,980	6,320	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	950	520	430	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	2,160	1,165	990	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	10,545	5,540	5,005	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,135	610	525	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	65,685	31,890	33,795	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	70	40	30	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	8,880	4,390	4,490	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	4,950	2,430	2,525	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	5,560	2,875	2,690	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	48,635	23,450	25,185	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	4,140	1,870	2,270	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	130	75	50	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	130	75	50	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	9,895	4,585	5,305	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	655	310	345	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	650	305	350	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	11,345	5,770	5,575	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	1,050	560	490	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	15	10	10	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	215	130	85	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	70	30	35	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	130	70	55	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	85	55	30	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	75	35	45	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	1,420	745	675	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	425	230	195	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	170	95	80	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	105	45	60	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	475	205	270	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	2,290	1,140	1,150	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	330	195	135	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	3,265	1,670	1,595	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,050	995	1,060	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,655	765	890	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	785	380	400	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	875	380	490	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	1,495	625	870	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	805	305	505	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	710	335	375	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	78,975	37,670	41,305	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	77,485	36,945	40,545	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	42,435	20,075	22,360	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	425	185	245	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	38,790	18,285	20,505	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	60	35	25	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,350	990	1,360	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	570	250	320	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,020	1,485	1,535	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,520	735	790	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	345	160	180	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	295	145	150	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	805	405	400	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	60	95	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	1,325	545	775	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	555	255	300	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	830	315	515	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	115	50	65
Turkic languages	2,525	1,340	1,180	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	350	170	185	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	1,650	940	710	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	135	60	70	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	245	110	135	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	110	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	4,540	2,185	2,360	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	110	45	60	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	300	140	165	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	4,120	1,990	2,130	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	770	435	335	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	1,074,380	538,880	535,510	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	242,400	124,240	118,160	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	831,980	414,635	417,340	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	146,685	70,995	75,690	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	812,685	411,335	401,350	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	382,575	185,600	196,980	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	63,985	31,855	32,130	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	38,205	18,155	20,055	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	64,705	30,950	33,750	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	126,145	61,265	64,875	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	56,770	27,755	29,010	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	69,375	33,510	35,865	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	89,535	43,370	46,160	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	25,805	12,940	12,865	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	382,580	185,600	196,980	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	34,915	17,805	17,115	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	64,760	33,690	31,070	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	74,440	34,200	40,240	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	172,630	82,925	89,705	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	35,830	16,980	18,850	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	382,580	185,600	196,980	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	40,965	19,530	21,435	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	1,420	640	780	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	5,545	2,630	2,910	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	2,335	1,180	1,160	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	825	410	415	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	485	260	230	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	2,830	1,280	1,550	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	4,105	2,050	2,055	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	1,075	445	635	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	1,375	655	720	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	10,700	4,910	5,790	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	10,255	5,070	5,185	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	72,995	36,510	36,485	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,950	990	955	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	1,225	640	590	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	1,200	585	615	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	5,715	2,730	2,990	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	890	470	425	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	1,845	925	920	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,620	855	765	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	3,625	1,955	1,670	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	2,915	1,555	1,360	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	6,395	3,015	3,375	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	1,075	480	595	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	4,225	2,125	2,105	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	3,870	1,685	2,190	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,055	530	525	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	2,855	1,310	1,545	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	22,150	11,435	10,715	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	10,375	5,235	5,140	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	39,195	20,065	19,135	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	745	400	345	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	2,840	1,510	1,330	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	5,195	2,565	2,630	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	2,605	1,275	1,330	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	660	340	320	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	7,360	3,825	3,540	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	1,340	635	705	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	2,675	1,410	1,265	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	15,770	8,100	7,670	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	225,895	107,730	118,170	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	3,200	1,715	1,485	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	3,095	1,590	1,510	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	34,535	15,920	18,610	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10,935	5,310	5,620	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	44,215	22,225	21,985	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	5,700	2,930	2,770	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	3,535	1,890	1,645	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	1,485	435	1,055	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	6,975	3,265	3,715	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	4,115	2,180	1,930	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	17,065	8,865	8,195	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	51,430	22,420	29,010	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	1,960	1,010	955	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,150	1,125	1,025	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	2,185	930	1,255	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	14,820	6,915	7,900	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	18,495	8,995	9,495	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,535	1,770	1,755	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	89,530	43,370	46,160	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	8,710	4,380	4,330	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	510	230	280	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	1,230	595	640	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	125	60	65	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	140	90	50	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	430	220	205	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	1,790	955	835	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,875	900	975	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,105	540	560	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	1,505	785	715	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	8,670	4,435	4,230	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	270	155	120	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	420	195	225	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	575	365	215	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	420	240	180	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	570	285	285	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	630	215	415	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	795	325	465	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,330	985	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	2,670	1,320	1,350	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	11,590	5,865	5,720	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	130	65	70	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	565	280	280	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	95	115	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	95	45	45	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	1,095	570	525	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	1,035	600	440	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	1,585	735	855	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	185	70	120	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	3,780	1,975	1,805	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	240	90	150	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	435	255	185	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	70	40	30	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	2,150	1,045	1,105	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	59,835	28,215	31,620	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	465	255	215	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	745	350	395	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	6,205	2,795	3,410	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	415	190	225	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	12,665	6,425	6,240	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,240	1,125	1,115	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	1,220	645	570	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	215	110	110	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	330	75	255	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,800	730	1,070	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	500	265	235	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	1,115	585	530	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	4,325	2,110	2,220	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	21,130	9,560	11,570	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	340	170	170	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	335	160	180	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,380	700	675	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	320	110	215	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	145	60	80	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	435	225	210	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	1,155	480	680	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	2,350	1,090	1,255	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	735	475	260	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	505	310	195	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	225	165	60	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,221,070	609,875	611,195	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	416,850	203,105	213,745	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	263,750	133,320	130,435	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	540,465	273,445	267,020	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	324,835	156,910	167,920	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	183,995	92,680	91,310	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	72,950	45,695	27,260	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	111,040	46,985	64,055	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	91,920	37,580	54,340	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	46,200	25,280	20,915	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	2,720	1,370	1,350	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	35,150	16,590	18,565	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	34,290	16,175	18,120	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	15,485	7,080	8,405	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	18,450	8,960	9,495	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	355	140	220	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	365	210	155	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	495	210	285	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	1,185,915	593,285	592,635	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,221,070	609,870	611,195	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,565	5,675	6,890	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,208,505	604,195	604,305	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	8,325	3,855	4,470	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	8,080	3,720	4,360	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	5,865	2,680	3,190	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	2,105	995	1,110	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	105	45	60	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	250	140	105	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	240	135	95	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	37,965	18,100	19,865	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	36,440	17,385	19,050	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20,225	9,535	10,695	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15,850	7,710	8,140	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	355	140	215	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,530	715	815	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,455	675	780	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35	20	20	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	1,174,775	587,920	586,860	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,221,070	609,870	611,200	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	441,710	217,600	224,110	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	115,455	58,560	56,890	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	87,800	42,885	44,915	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	51,420	26,370	25,055	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	67,475	30,320	37,155	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	26,210	13,005	13,205	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	25,120	13,315	11,805	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	21,515	10,350	11,165	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	12,610	6,665	5,945	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	10,635	4,970	5,670	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	5,175	2,290	2,890	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	4,410	2,055	2,355	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	13,885	6,820	7,065	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	779,355	392,275	387,080	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,221,065	609,875	611,195	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	46,290	21,955	24,335	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	27,830	13,045	14,790	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	550	225	320	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	19,695	9,540	10,150	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	248,725	126,295	122,430	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	1,585	825	750	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	20,455	9,950	10,510	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	233,875	118,990	114,885	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	490	285	205	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	45	35	15	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	45	35	10	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	365	215	150	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	145	90	60	1,895	950	945
European origins	703,685	351,395	352,285	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	447,635	223,550	224,080	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	130	75	60	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	85	15	70	1,975	995	975
English	253,760	125,995	127,765	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	169,125	81,845	87,290	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	295	165	135	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	204,615	101,690	102,930	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	23,395	11,360	12,035	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	31,570	15,495	16,075	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	100,320	49,510	50,810	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	35	15	20	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	20	0	15	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	15	10	10	1,750	950	805
French	100,280	49,490	50,785	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	220,095	108,670	111,425	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	12,600	6,050	6,550	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	20	10	0	940	485	455
Belgian	5,485	2,700	2,790	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	45,565	22,740	22,820	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	475	190	285	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	145	70	70	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	169,470	83,405	86,070	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	220	110	110	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	6,730	3,175	3,555	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	350	160	190	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	80,340	38,680	41,660	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	15,865	7,790	8,075	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	4,720	2,255	2,470	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	6,680	3,255	3,425	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	35,215	16,710	18,505	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	22,830	10,905	11,920	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,445	1,740	1,705	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	178,655	87,410	91,245	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	1,570	800	765	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	785	395	385	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	6,640	3,365	3,275	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,125	1,005	1,120	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	1,040	435	605	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	19,315	9,480	9,830	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	1,010	480	530	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	2,225	1,065	1,165	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	905	470	435	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	48,590	23,630	24,960	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	12,120	5,700	6,425	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	33,185	15,745	17,440	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	4,200	2,175	2,025	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	77,580	37,930	39,650	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	840	440	400	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	83,005	41,325	41,680	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	1,795	920	875	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	1,595	875	725	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	50	25	25	1,280	740	535
Croatian	5,575	2,835	2,740	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	60	25	35	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	6,155	3,160	2,990	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	37,810	19,030	18,780	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	155	75	75	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	485	230	255	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	505	250	255	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	125	70	50	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	7,650	3,870	3,780	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	3,200	1,610	1,590	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	115	60	55	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	1,600	870	725	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	20,655	9,665	10,990	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,420	720	700	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	115	50	60	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	8,585	4,240	4,345	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	180	80	100	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	4,220	2,035	2,185	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	165	90	75	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	420	210	215	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	3,635	1,850	1,785	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	14,045	6,945	7,100	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	255	160	95	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	115	55	55	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	770	365	405	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	115	45	70	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	60	10	45	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	790	365	425	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	290	185	105	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	200	90	115	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,125	515	605
Haitian	850	440	415	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	6,570	3,220	3,345	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	65	50	10	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	0	0	10	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	220	120	100	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	325	165	160	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,915	955	965	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	315	135	185	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,035	505	530	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,080	505	580	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	33,485	16,500	16,985	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	790	410	380	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	75	10	70	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	745	370	375	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	135	90	45	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	245	125	115	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	1,535	660	875	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	2,915	1,475	1,445	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	7,105	3,380	3,720	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	280	125	150	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	420	170	250	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	1,140	600	535	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	1,045	565	475	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	705	320	385	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	350	180	170	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	205	105	105	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	7,555	3,875	3,680	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	875	405	475	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	140	60	80	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	160	70	90	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	1,420	610	815	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	2,770	1,425	1,350	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	120	70	55	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	3,285	1,660	1,620	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	1,570	770	795	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	55,620	28,515	27,105	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	15,495	8,050	7,445	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	95	55	40	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	155	70	80	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	65	45	20	1,585	855	735
Beninese	115	45	75	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	20	0	15	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	960	465	495	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	45	35	10	1,845	955	885
Congolese	1,340	640	695	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	285	165	120	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	70	40	30	845	470	375
Gabonese	25	0	20	1,405	660	750
Gambian	75	40	35	975	495	475
Ghanaian	1,690	900	790	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	155	85	65	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	1,055	535	515	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	135	75	60	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	295	145	150	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	25	25	0	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	25	10	10	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	7,395	3,875	3,515	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	45	25	20	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	275	185	90	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	215	110	105	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	75	30	40	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	40	30	10	840	495	345
Yoruba	1,670	920	755	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	580	260	325	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	11,070	5,795	5,275	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	810	415	400	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	340	195	145	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	115	60	55	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	265	150	115	900	500	400
Egyptian	4,360	2,325	2,035	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	575	305	270	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	0	0	0	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	1,035	550	485	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	3,255	1,625	1,630	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	475	245	225	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	270	150	120	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	20,325	10,355	9,965	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	100	55	45	1,870	955	915
Amhara	220	115	105	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	185	100	90	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	195	110	85	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	15	0	0	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	3,750	2,015	1,740	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	6,355	3,205	3,150	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	50	25	25	665	355	305
Kenyan	905	410	490	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	45	20	30	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	250	150	100	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	675	350	330	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	180	75	100	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	25	10	10	1,285	575	710
Somali	2,755	1,385	1,370	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	2,390	1,185	1,200	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	440	175	260	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	430	235	195	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	325	190	135	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	115	75	40	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	745	370	370	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	35	20	15	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,440	695	740	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	9,730	4,810	4,920	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	845	405	440	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	8,965	4,440	4,525	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	366,030	179,085	186,945	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	46,200	24,100	22,100	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	5,205	2,795	2,410	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,865	2,630	2,235	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	960	475	485	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	315	180	140	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	290	115	175	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	215	120	95	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	265	140	125	1,515	810	705
Iranian	8,350	4,335	4,015	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	3,645	1,910	1,740	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	695	370	325	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	560	290	265	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	290	120	170	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	880	505	375	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	45	40	10	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	150	90	60	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	12,730	6,555	6,180	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	1,550	825	730	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	375	175	200	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	155	95	60	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	3,190	1,565	1,620	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	170	105	70	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	340	145	195	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	2,455	1,345	1,110	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	55	40	20	1,040	540	500
Uighur	150	75	75	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	255	110	140	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	545	270	275	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	1,330	690	640	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	114,955	58,430	56,530	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	2,355	1,165	1,190	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	950	475	475	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	160	85	80	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	84,575	42,715	41,860	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	285	145	145	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	295	140	150	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	575	275	295	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	1,880	1,015	865	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	17,585	9,010	8,575	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	7,885	4,100	3,790	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	360	190	170	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	2,335	1,225	1,110	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	410	210	205	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,460	1,245	1,210	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	206,955	97,665	109,295	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	745	370	375	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	2,005	1,085	920	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	102,020	49,450	52,570	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	71,620	32,360	39,260	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	0	0	0	805	420	390
Indonesian	1,425	650	775	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	7,080	3,120	3,960	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	300	145	155	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	11,240	5,235	6,000	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	815	370	440	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	1,255	570	680	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	1,065	495	575	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	205	110	100	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	1,135	505	635	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	970	360	605	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	885	460	425	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	19,425	9,385	10,040	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	305	160	145	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	1,585	795	785	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,585	800	785	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	5,465	2,825	2,640	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	3,010	1,590	1,420	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	1,100	575	520	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	1,455	710	740	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	940	440	500	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	150	65	85	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	135	60	75	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	75	45	25	1,530	725	805
Samoan	60	45	10	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	115	60	55	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	466,440	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	333,250	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	133,190	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	466,440	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	104,630	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	361,810	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	1,765	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	50,715	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	105,125	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	163,430	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,405	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	466,440	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	126,900	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	71,525	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	67,640	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	58,660	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,710	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	454,640	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,800	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	466,440	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	444,145	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	22,295	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	46,435	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	136,445	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	60,915	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	73,380	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	52,615	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	50,200	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,455	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	446,360	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	20,075	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	260,935	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	187,705	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	17,800	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	466,440	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,330	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	90,020	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	101,280	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	99,230	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	85,280	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	45,995	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	22,995	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	8,305	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	464,080	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	360,895	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	103,180	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	88,930	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	333,235	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.7	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.5	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,586	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,611	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	450,322	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	517,942	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	133,190	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.2	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.7	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,308	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,354	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	995,205	494,095	501,110	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,445	68,580	65,865	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	257,010	128,455	128,555	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	603,750	297,060	306,685	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65,455	48,585	16,870	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	23,950	13,665	10,285	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	41,500	34,920	6,585	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	175,745	74,265	101,485	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,685	13,040	18,640	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	330,865	161,175	169,690	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	230,230	109,110	121,120	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	17,400	8,030	9,370	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,655	4,235	4,425	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	63,930	32,975	30,955	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	10,650	6,835	3,820	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	720,405	359,295	361,110	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	58,820	32,035	26,785	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	157,735	80,555	77,180	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	503,850	246,705	257,145	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50,370	38,010	12,360	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	17,770	10,345	7,425	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	32,600	27,670	4,935	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	141,365	60,495	80,870	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,545	10,545	15,000	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	286,575	137,655	148,920	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	198,340	93,270	105,065	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,525	6,595	7,930	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,705	3,540	4,165	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	57,340	28,925	28,410	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	8,670	5,320	3,350	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	995,205	494,100	501,110	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	391,460	197,040	194,425	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	35,195	7,430	27,765	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	19,950	8,325	11,620	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,260	2,270	995	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	16,685	6,060	10,630	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	27,690	10,035	17,655	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	3,035	625	2,415	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	6,980	1,835	5,140	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,525	2,845	5,680	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	125	60	65	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,855	1,015	840	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,680	1,630	1,050	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	3,755	1,880	1,880	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	740	150	585	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	65,540	23,280	42,260	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	735	125	610	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,130	2,740	5,395	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,730	825	6,910	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	12,205	4,310	7,890	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	860	200	660	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	10,290	2,320	7,970	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	25,590	12,765	12,825	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	139,545	58,510	81,030	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	175	65	105	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,950	1,200	5,750	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	132,420	57,245	75,180	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,295	17,580	14,710	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,155	4,080	6,080	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	6,025	2,915	3,110	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	305	115	195	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	14,470	10,030	4,445	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,335	445	885	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,160	17,580	9,580	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,105	15,375	6,735	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	1,460	210	1,250	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,300	1,805	1,490	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	300	190	105	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	141,635	120,755	20,880	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	5,350	3,270	2,080	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	58,720	46,645	12,070	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	26,770	21,725	5,045	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	35	0	30	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	22,095	21,395	700	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,140	18,540	605	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	9,525	9,180	345	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	9,055	4,780	4,275	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,665	2,630	2,030	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,385	2,145	2,245	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	82,035	17,425	64,615	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	6,885	3,385	3,500	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	72,655	12,730	59,930	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,495	1,315	1,185	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,590	11,340	12,245	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	15,855	5,095	10,760	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	145	125	20	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	3,285	2,220	1,070	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,200	3,810	395	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	60	20	45	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	20	45	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	720,405	359,295	361,110	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	216,550	112,590	103,965	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	26,940	5,300	21,645	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	26,945	5,295	21,645	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,545	6,820	9,725	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,680	1,850	830	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	13,860	4,970	8,895	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	23,135	8,215	14,920	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,595	525	2,075	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	5,900	1,535	4,365	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,335	2,405	4,925	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	120	60	55	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,495	815	675	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,020	1,200	820	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	3,135	1,550	1,585	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	540	125	415	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	56,210	19,660	36,545	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	615	120	500	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,080	2,340	4,745	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,295	650	5,645	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	10,610	3,525	7,085	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	730	175	555	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	8,665	1,870	6,800	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	22,200	10,975	11,225	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	118,600	49,620	68,980	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	150	65	85	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,890	970	4,915	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	112,560	48,580	63,980	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	26,200	13,905	12,290	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,375	3,285	5,095	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,955	2,410	2,545	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	240	105	135	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	11,620	7,790	3,835	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,005	315	695	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	24,470	15,875	8,595	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,410	14,175	6,230	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	1,165	175	995	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,635	1,370	1,270	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	255	160	105	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	117,760	99,215	18,545	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	4,450	2,585	1,865	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	51,090	40,000	11,090	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	21,885	17,690	4,200	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	30	0	30	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	18,060	17,455	600	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,035	14,555	480	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	7,210	6,925	285	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,865	4,030	3,835	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,890	2,135	1,760	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,975	1,900	2,075	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	67,250	14,710	52,540	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	5,835	2,905	2,930	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	59,180	10,680	48,500	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,235	1,125	1,110	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,835	9,340	9,495	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	12,475	4,170	8,305	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	75	65	10	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	10	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	2,685	1,845	835	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,530	3,195	335	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	50	15	30	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	15	35	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	995,210	494,100	501,110	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	391,465	197,035	194,420	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	603,750	297,060	306,685	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	445,270	219,840	225,430	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	308,130	151,020	157,110	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	137,140	68,825	68,320	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	158,475	77,220	81,260	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	18,870	10,835	8,035	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	27,005	10,400	16,605	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	18,585	9,255	9,330	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	12,830	7,345	5,490	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	11,810	5,565	6,250	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	1,175	680	500	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	68,200	33,145	35,055	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	720,405	359,290	361,110	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	216,550	112,590	103,965	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	503,850	246,705	257,145	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	367,885	181,930	185,960	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	254,900	125,155	129,745	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	112,985	56,770	56,210	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	135,965	64,775	71,185	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	14,875	8,305	6,565	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	24,980	9,530	15,450	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	16,790	8,220	8,570	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	9,210	5,270	3,940	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10,395	4,800	5,595	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	1,025	605	430	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	58,685	28,040	30,645	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	995,210	494,100	501,110	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	727,400	386,440	340,960	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	658,130	347,640	310,490	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	69,270	38,805	30,470	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	267,810	107,660	160,150	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	73.1	78.2	68.0	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	66.1	70.4	62.0	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.0	8.9	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	995,210	494,100	501,115	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	245,050	97,105	147,950	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	750,155	396,995	353,160	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	374,015	215,020	159,000	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	376,140	181,975	194,160	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	727,400	386,440	340,960	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,460	332,765	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	632,520	328,780	303,740	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	79,705	50,675	29,025	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	727,400	386,440	340,960	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,190	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	712,225	379,460	332,765	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	78,170	50,195	27,970	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	126,355	40,255	86,100	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	79,675	61,985	17,695	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	46,840	9,625	37,210	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	72,725	23,280	49,445	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	19,040	8,195	10,845	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	163,590	72,885	90,705	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,345	92,710	6,640	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,845	8,085	1,760	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,635	12,240	4,395	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	727,400	386,440	340,960	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	15,175	6,980	8,195	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	712,220	379,455	332,765	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,485	1,435	1,055	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	44,755	27,955	16,800	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	7,975	5,050	2,925	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	64,960	56,280	8,685	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	36,825	27,150	9,670	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	25,880	17,645	8,230	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	78,685	38,345	40,340	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	39,765	28,015	11,750	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	14,375	8,605	5,775	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	26,420	11,645	14,775	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,460	8,245	6,215	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	76,775	44,995	31,780	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,435	1,825	1,605	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30,815	17,925	12,895	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	45,005	14,380	30,625	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	77,105	14,375	62,730	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,270	7,885	8,385	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	50,545	21,570	28,980	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,960	12,230	17,730	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	25,730	13,925	11,810	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	658,125	347,640	310,490	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	44,725	21,325	23,400	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	2,810	2,145	665	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	89,305	66,790	22,510	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	521,290	257,375	263,915	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	521,290	257,375	263,910	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	489,460	237,345	252,115	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	21,065	12,400	8,670	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,745	5,780	1,965	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	3,015	1,855	1,160	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	610,590	324,165	286,425	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	433,730	243,310	190,420	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	31,375	10,730	20,645	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	96,510	43,190	53,315	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	30,265	14,550	15,715	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	9,860	6,910	2,945	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	8,855	5,470	3,380	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	610,590	324,165	286,425	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	105,445	48,710	56,740	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	256,495	136,765	119,730	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	161,505	91,555	69,945	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	50,720	27,095	23,630	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	36,425	20,045	16,380	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	610,590	324,165	286,425	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	40,155	27,800	12,355	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	123,570	74,495	49,080	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	179,975	93,225	86,750	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	108,835	51,345	57,495	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,150	29,290	37,860	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	90,900	48,015	42,885	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	771,270	406,730	364,535	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	761,730	402,170	359,560	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	752,110	397,185	354,930	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	750,255	396,625	353,630	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	1,860	560	1,300	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	9,615	4,985	4,630	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,605	4,985	4,630	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	205	135	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	45	25	20
Somali	10	0	10	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	335	200	130	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	45	30	15	200	95	100
Arabic	240	150	90	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	10	20	825	335	490
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	10	0	10	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	790	290	495	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	475	230	245
Vietnamese	785	290	500	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	315	145	175	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	25	0	15
Ilocano	15	0	15	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	140	145	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Creole languages	0	0	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tamil	15	10	10	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	0	0	10	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	3,050	1,690	1,360	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	20	15	10	350	220	125
Armenian	0	0	0	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	310	155	155	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Latvian	0	0	0	40	10	25
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Slavic languages	310	155	160	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	155	90	65
Bulgarian	10	0	0	205	110	90
Croatian	10	10	10	220	130	95
Czech	0	0	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	55
Polish	100	70	25	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	155	60	100	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	10	0	0	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Slovak	0	0	0	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	25	0	20	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	80	45	35	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	15	10	10	85	40	40
Danish	0	0	0	90	50	35
Dutch	0	0	0	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	50	35	20	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	30	40
Swedish	10	10	10	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	10	10	10	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	1,790	1,070	725	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650	980	670	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	15	10	10	530	275	245
Gujarati	20	10	10	880	300	585
Hindi	110	50	55	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	30	15	15
Nepali	25	20	15	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	855	510	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	10	0	0	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	40	25	20
Urdu	105	40	65	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	135	85	50	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	0	0	0	185	150	40
Pashto	20	15	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	115	65	50	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	840	405	435	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	0	0	0	30	10	20
Italian	10	10	0	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	90	45	45	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	50	35	15	745	365	380
Spanish	690	320	370	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Japanese	95	35	60	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Georgian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Korean	470	195	280	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	15	80	50	30
Wolof	0	0	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	10	0	10	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	20	35	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	25	10	20	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,365	2,330	2,035	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	4,330	2,310	2,015	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	2,830	1,465	1,365	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	0	0	0	70	25	45
Mandarin	1,360	770	590	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	0	0	0	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	75	50	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	20	15	270	155	115
Burmese	15	10	0	75	35	35
Karenic languages	15	10	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	675	270	405
Lao	0	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	10	10	0	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	30	20	0
Turkish	20	10	10	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	0	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	30	15	595	270	325
Estonian	0	0	0	50	15	40
Finnish	0	0	0	105	40	65
Hungarian	40	35	15	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	9,535	4,560	4,975	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	1,525	615	910	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	7,865	3,875	3,985	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	20	10	15	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	130	65	70	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	771,265	406,730	364,535	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	735,050	388,360	346,690	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	4,985	2,355	2,630	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	7,140	3,250	3,890	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	23,465	12,445	11,025	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	75	20	60	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	23,390	12,425	10,960	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	25	10	15	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	110	50	55	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	495	265	230	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,205,770	601,970	603,795	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	1,014,540	505,275	509,265	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	191,230	96,700	94,530	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	142,630	72,720	69,910	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	48,595	23,975	24,625	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	28,020	13,785	14,235	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	13,535	6,780	6,755	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	14,490	7,005	7,480	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	20,575	10,185	10,390	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	1,143,585	569,985	573,595	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	615,955	305,415	310,540	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	527,630	264,575	263,060	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	330,990	167,285	163,700	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	196,640	97,285	99,355	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	109,560	54,755	54,805	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	40,130	20,085	20,050	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	69,425	34,670	34,755	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	87,080	42,525	44,555	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

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Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

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Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

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Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

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Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

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Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

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Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

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Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

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Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

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Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

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Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

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Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 29, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Calgary [Population centre], Alberta and Canada [Country]