Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario and Madoc, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Bowmanville Ontario [Population centre]			Madoc, TP Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario Map : Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Madoc, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	39,371	...	...	2,078	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	35,168 ^r	...	...	2,166^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	12.0	...	...	-4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	14,263	...	...	889	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,070	...	...	804	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,814.0	...	...	7.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	21.70	...	...	277.97	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	39,375	19,130	20,245	2,075	1,065	1,010
0 to 14 years	8,130	4,170	3,960	310	155	150
0 to 4 years	2,750	1,405	1,345	90	45	40
5 to 9 years	2,835	1,455	1,375	105	55	50
10 to 14 years	2,545	1,310	1,230	110	55	60
15 to 64 years	26,680	12,970	13,710	1,330	675	655
15 to 19 years	2,660	1,330	1,335	120	65	50
20 to 24 years	2,395	1,220	1,170	120	60	60
25 to 29 years	2,665	1,275	1,400	85	40	40
30 to 34 years	3,110	1,505	1,605	95	45	45
35 to 39 years	3,055	1,485	1,565	85	40	45
40 to 44 years	2,835	1,380	1,450	105	50	55
45 to 49 years	2,750	1,290	1,455	135	70	65
50 to 54 years	2,965	1,425	1,540	200	100	105
55 to 59 years	2,380	1,195	1,180	195	110	90
60 to 64 years	1,880	875	1,005	190	100	90
65 years and over	4,565	1,985	2,580	440	230	205
65 to 69 years	1,495	700	795	175	90	85
70 to 74 years	1,110	525	585	105	55	50
75 to 79 years	760	325	430	85	50	35
80 to 84 years	580	250	330	50	25	25
85 years and over	625	180	445	25	5	15
85 to 89 years	380	115	265	15	5	15
90 to 94 years	175	50	130	5	5	5
95 to 99 years	55	10	50	5	5	0
100 years and over	10	0	5	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.6	21.8	19.6	14.9	14.6	14.9
15 to 64 years	67.8	67.8	67.7	64.1	63.4	64.9
65 years and over	11.6	10.4	12.7	21.2	21.6	20.3
85 years and over	1.6	0.9	2.2	1.2	0.5	1.5
Average age of the population	36.9	35.9	37.9	44.5	44.6	44.4
Median age of the population	36.1	35.2	37.0	49.4	49.9	48.9
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,070	...	...	805	...	...
Single-detached house	9,570	...	...	795	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	265	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,210	...	...	10	...	...
Semi-detached house	895	...	...	5	...	...
Row house	1,625	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	410	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,265	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	15	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,070	...	...	805	...	...
1 person	2,735	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	4,335	...	...	355	...	...
3 persons	2,590	...	...	130	...	...
4 persons	2,930	...	...	100	...	...
5 or more persons	1,485	...	...	80	...	...
Number of persons in private households	38,845	...	...	2,075	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	31,245	14,955	16,290	1,770	905	865
Married or living common law	18,845	9,395	9,450	1,175	585	590
Married	15,315	7,635	7,680	950	475	475
Living common law	3,530	1,765	1,770	220	110	110
Not married and not living common law	12,400	5,555	6,840	595	320	275
Never married	8,075	4,215	3,860	375	215	155
Separated	1,110	415	695	45	30	20
Divorced	1,740	650	1,090	70	45	25
Widowed	1,470	280	1,195	105	35	70
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	11,350	...	...	665	...	...
2 persons	4,755	...	...	385	...	...
3 persons	2,635	...	...	125	...	...
4 persons	2,865	...	...	95	...	...
5 or more persons	1,095	...	...	55	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	11,345	...	...	665	...	...
Total couple families	9,320	...	...	585	...	...
Married couples	7,555	...	...	475	...	...
Common-law couples	1,765	...	...	110	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,035	...	...	80	...	...
Female parent	1,615	...	...	50	...	...
Male parent	415	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	9,315	...	...	580	...	...
Couples without children	3,585	...	...	335	...	...
Couples with children	5,730	...	...	245	...	...
1 child	2,015	...	...	105	...	...
2 children	2,680	...	...	90	...	...
3 or more children	1,040	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,035	...	...	80	...	...
1 child	1,170	...	...	50	...	...
2 children	620	...	...	20	...	...
3 or more children	240	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,265	1,965	2,300	245	140	105
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,070	...	...	800	...	...
One-census-family households	10,695	...	...	620	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,340	...	...	320	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	7,360	...	...	300	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	325	...	...	25	...	...
Non-census-family households	3,050	...	...	160	...	...
One-person households	2,730	...	...	140	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	315	...	...	25	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	38,875	18,960	19,915	2,075	1,065	1,010
English only	35,965	17,750	18,215	2,010	1,040	970
French only	10	5	5	0	0	0
English and French	2,820	1,170	1,650	70	30	40
Neither English nor French	85	35	50	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	38,880	18,965	19,920	2,080	1,065	1,010
English	38,170	18,645	19,520	2,065	1,060	1,005
French	580	260	315	15	5	5
English and French	50	25	30	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	80	30	50	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	605	275	335	15	5	10
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.6	1.5	1.7	0.7	0.5	1.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	38,880	18,960	19,915	2,080	1,065	1,010
Single responses	38,550	18,820	19,735	2,075	1,065	1,010
Official languages	36,475	17,815	18,655	2,020	1,035	975
English	35,860	17,535	18,325	2,000	1,030	970
French	610	285	330	15	10	5
Non-official languages	2,080	1,000	1,080	55	25	35
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,080	1,000	1,075	55	25	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	55	45	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	50	40	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	70	35	30	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	35	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	35	55	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	75	35	40	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,485	730	760	55	20	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	155	175	10	5	0
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	5
Latvian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	320	150	175	5	0	5
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	5	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Polish	155	65	85	0	0	0
Russian	40	20	20	0	5	5
Serbian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	395	175	220	30	10	20
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	5	0	0	5
Dutch	215	95	115	15	5	10
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	145	65	80	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	75	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	120	110	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages	155	80	70	5	5	0
Bengali	20	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	35	15	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	40	20	20	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	35	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	235	225	10	0	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	140	85	55	5	0	5
Portuguese	125	60	60	5	5	0
Romanian	30	15	15	5	0	0
Spanish	165	80	90	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	5	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	40	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages	85	35	50	0	0	0
Cantonese	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	35	45	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	325	140	185	5	0	0
English and French	110	45	60	0	0	0
English and non-official language	205	90	105	0	0	5
French and non-official language	10	0	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	38,880	18,960	19,920	2,080	1,065	1,015
Single responses	38,400	18,745	19,655	2,070	1,060	1,010
Official languages	37,755	18,435	19,325	2,055	1,055	1,000
English	37,590	18,355	19,240	2,060	1,055	1,005
French	170	85	85	5	0	5
Non-official languages	640	315	335	15	5	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	640	315	330	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	30	10	15	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	55	25	25	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	365	180	185	10	5	5
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	40	5	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	45	35	5	5	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	5	5	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	15	0	0	0
Russian	15	10	10	5	0	0
Serbian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10	5	0	0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	5	10	0	5	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	65	60	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	85	50	40	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	5	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hindi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	55	65	5	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10	5	0	0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0	0	5
Romanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	15	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	5	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	475	215	265	10	5	5
English and French	70	25	45	0	0	0
English and non-official language	395	185	210	10	5	5
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	38,880	18,965	19,915	2,075	1,065	1,010
None	37,165	18,175	18,985	2,045	1,050	990
English	425	210	210	10	0	5
French	535	215	320	5	5	0
Non-official language	735	355	385	20	10	10
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	735	350	385	20	5	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	5	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	30,730	14,780	15,955	1,765	910	860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	29,205	14,085	15,125	1,685	870	820
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,133	51,587	32,445	28,053	33,664	23,467
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	29,230	14,085	15,140	1,690	870	815
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,491	44,430	29,530	26,016	30,811	21,824
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,030	13,345	13,685	1,435	760	675
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,340	50,868	30,231	27,264	33,600	21,202
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,130	8,460	11,670	1,285	640	640
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,712	1,539	4,780	8,592	8,880	8,176
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	23,835	12,180	11,655	1,180	640	545
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,223	51,104	32,873	26,528	29,056	23,104
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	30,820	14,845	15,980	1,755	915	845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,280	14,220	15,055	1,680	880	805
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,515	59,012	38,603	34,912	39,899	29,468
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	29,295	14,220	15,075	1,680	875	805
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,465	48,076	33,284	30,490	34,543	26,063
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,085	13,530	13,555	1,400	750	655
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,337	58,294	36,399	34,131	39,622	27,838
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,315	8,515	11,800	1,265	600	665
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,803	5,904	7,451	8,601	8,931	8,302
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	23,915	12,330	11,585	1,175	650	525
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,223	55,885	38,000	33,827	37,315	29,523
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	30,820	14,845	15,980	1,755	915	840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	12,770	7,230	5,535	550	345	205
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	59,687	68,267	51,557	48,697	50,838	42,608
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,830	74,095	55,029	49,780	51,218	47,351
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.4	93.9	85.5	81.3	83.7	76.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.7	81.4	74.9	65.3	66.3	63.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.6	6.1	14.6	18.9	16.2	22.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	30,730	14,780	15,955	1,765	905	860
Without total income	1,525	695	830	80	35	40
With total income	29,205	14,080	15,125	1,690	870	815
Percentage with total income	95.0	95.3	94.8	95.8	96.1	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,810	1,430	2,380	235	110	130
$10,000 to $19,999	4,020	1,405	2,615	370	150	220
$20,000 to $29,999	3,240	1,140	2,100	275	135	140
$30,000 to $39,999	3,170	1,345	1,825	195	95	100
$40,000 to $49,999	3,230	1,510	1,715	190	110	80
$50,000 to $59,999	2,700	1,380	1,325	130	75	55
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115	1,210	900	85	60	25
$70,000 to $79,999	1,760	1,090	670	60	45	15
$80,000 to $89,999	1,410	870	540	40	30	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,180	695	485	40	25	20
$100,000 and over	2,580	2,010	570	60	45	20
$100,000 to $149,999	2,005	1,530	475	50	40	15
$150,000 and over	580	485	95	5	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	30,735	14,780	15,955	1,765	905	860
Without after-tax income	1,505	690	815	75	35	45
With after-tax income	29,230	14,085	15,140	1,685	870	815
Percentage with after-tax income	95.1	95.3	94.9	95.5	96.1	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,945	1,455	2,490	250	110	135
$10,000 to $19,999	4,180	1,465	2,720	375	155	220
$20,000 to $29,999	3,950	1,480	2,475	325	160	165
$30,000 to $39,999	3,980	1,790	2,190	235	130	110
$40,000 to $49,999	3,820	1,890	1,935	190	110	75
$50,000 to $59,999	2,880	1,645	1,235	115	70	40
$60,000 to $69,999	2,200	1,390	810	85	60	25
$70,000 to $79,999	1,700	1,030	670	55	25	20
$80,000 and over	2,560	1,945	615	70	45	20
$80,000 to $89,999	1,085	750	330	35	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	550	425	130	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	925	770	160	20	15	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	30,730	14,775	15,955	1,770	905	860
Without employment income	6,900	2,595	4,305	585	270	320
With employment income	23,830	12,180	11,655	1,180	640	545
Percentage with employment income	77.5	82.4	73.0	66.7	70.7	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,155	1,590	1,560	245	140	100
$5,000 to $9,999	1,630	615	1,015	100	45	55
$10,000 to $19,999	2,615	1,005	1,610	155	65	90
$20,000 to $29,999	2,065	845	1,225	145	65	80
$30,000 to $39,999	2,385	930	1,455	125	55	70
$40,000 to $49,999	2,210	985	1,225	120	75	50
$50,000 to $59,999	2,050	1,085	960	65	40	25
$60,000 to $69,999	1,640	945	690	60	45	20
$70,000 to $79,999	1,520	955	560	40	30	15
$80,000 and over	4,560	3,225	1,335	125	75	45
$80,000 to $89,999	1,270	785	485	45	25	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,070	640	435	30	20	15
$100,000 and over	2,220	1,800	420	50	40	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,070	...	...	805	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	91,193	...	...	63,539	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	78,031	...	...	59,264	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	2,735	...	...	140	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,720	...	...	25,792	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,438	...	...	24,512	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	11,335	...	...	665	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	102,809	...	...	74,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	87,483	...	...	66,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,095	...	...	800	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	100,758	...	...	73,037	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	84,097	...	...	63,785	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,730	...	...	120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	54,598	...	...	31,979	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,243	...	...	26,457	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	11,365	...	...	680	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,849	...	...	80,294	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,432	...	...	70,383	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,070	...	...	805	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	340	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	400	...	...	45	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	395	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	475	...	...	45	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	990	...	...	85	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	965	...	...	70	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	975	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,015	...	...	60	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	980	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,170	...	...	205	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,095	...	...	85	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,550	...	...	50	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,675	...	...	45	...	...
$200,000 and over	850	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,070	...	...	805	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	10	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	260	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	375	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	395	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	455	...	...	55	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	530	...	...	40	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	595	...	...	55	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	585	...	...	55	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	...	...	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	...	...	80	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,280	...	...	90	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,225	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,090	...	...	45	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,465	...	...	135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,095	...	...	60	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,230	...	...	35	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,140	...	...	40	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	11,130	...	...	650	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,164	...	...	74,688	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,891	...	...	66,368	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,255	...	...	305	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,906	...	...	65,024	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,980	...	...	59,008	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	5,780	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,340	...	...	99,584	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,283	...	...	81,749	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,875	...	...	70	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,472	...	...	42,880	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,732	...	...	42,112	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	11,165	...	...	670	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,431	...	...	79,272	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,033	...	...	69,489	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,250	...	...	335	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,979	...	...	70,912	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,538	...	...	62,548	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	5,795	...	...	255	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,185	...	...	100,816	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,706	...	...	87,294	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,860	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	70,056	...	...	38,356	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	60,963	...	...	36,131	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,550	1,695	1,860	195	110	80
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	43,573	50,475	37,478	23,872	25,152	23,232
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,869	42,795	33,824	22,976	23,488	22,592
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	3,460	1,695	1,765	175	105	65
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	50,868	59,282	42,797	32,143	32,228	32,004
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,364	48,233	36,734	27,078	26,626	27,809
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	38,845	18,940	19,910	2,080	1,070	1,010
In the bottom half of the distribution	15,140	7,025	8,110	1,190	610	575
In the bottom decile	1,905	840	1,070	185	100	85
In the second decile	2,335	995	1,335	290	150	140
In the third decile	2,995	1,345	1,645	250	125	125
In the fourth decile	3,570	1,720	1,855	235	125	110
In the fifth decile	4,340	2,125	2,210	225	110	110
In the top half of the distribution	23,705	11,910	11,795	885	455	435
In the sixth decile	4,695	2,325	2,375	220	115	100
In the seventh decile	5,375	2,670	2,705	210	100	110
In the eighth decile	5,540	2,785	2,750	190	95	95
In the ninth decile	4,910	2,480	2,440	170	85	85
In the top decile	3,185	1,655	1,530	100	55	45
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	38,845	18,940	19,905	2,080	1,065	1,010
0 to 17 years	9,700	4,930	4,770	380	195	180
0 to 5 years	3,310	1,695	1,620	110	60	45
18 to 64 years	24,955	12,125	12,830	1,265	640	625
65 years and over	4,195	1,885	2,305	435	230	205
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,925	1,250	1,675	290	150	140
0 to 17 years	945	465	480	85	45	35
0 to 5 years	305	150	150	25	20	5
18 to 64 years	1,635	680	955	160	85	80
65 years and over	350	105	245	50	25	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5	6.6	8.4	13.9	14.1	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.4	10.1	22.4	23.1	19.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.2	8.8	9.3	22.7	33.3	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	5.6	7.4	12.6	13.3	12.8
65 years and over (%)	8.3	5.6	10.6	11.5	10.9	12.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,425	630	795	90	55	35
0 to 17 years	415	195	225	25	15	10
0 to 5 years	125	60	65	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	930	410	520	60	35	25
65 years and over	75	25	50	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	3.3	4.0	4.3	5.2	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.0	4.7	6.6	7.7	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.5	4.0	4.5	8.3	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.7	3.4	4.1	4.7	5.5	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.3	2.2	1.1	0.0	0.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	38,970	19,000	19,965	2,075	1,100	975
Official languages	38,900	18,970	19,935	2,075	1,105	975
English	38,895	18,970	19,930	2,075	1,105	975
French	2,820	1,205	1,610	90	50	45
Non-official languages	2,915	1,400	1,515	35	15	20
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,915	1,405	1,515	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	85	100	10	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	155	70	80	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	145	75	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0	10	0	0
Maltese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	50	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	170	60	110	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	50	85	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	130	70	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	15	0	0	0
Tamil	115	70	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,945	995	950	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	195	205	0	0	10
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	400	195	210	10	10	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Polish	205	95	105	0	0	0
Russian	45	25	20	10	10	0
Serbian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	460	220	240	15	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	210	110	100	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	10	0	0	0
German	225	100	125	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	75	35	45	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	340	175	160	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	195	110	90	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	95	55	40	0	0	0
Iranian languages	165	75	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	155	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	375	315	10	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	160	100	60	0	10	0
Portuguese	140	70	70	0	0	0
Romanian	50	30	15	0	0	0
Spanish	340	175	165	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	30	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	35	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	10	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	20	70	0	0	0
American Sign Language	70	15	55	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	25	60	0	0	0
Chinese languages	85	25	55	0	0	0
Cantonese	50	15	35	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	10	25	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	30	50	0	0	0
Estonian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	25	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	38,970	19,000	19,965	2,075	1,100	975
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	38,285	18,690	19,595	2,060	1,095	970
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,685	4,840	4,845	375	225	150
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,600	13,850	14,745	1,690	870	820
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	685	310	375	20	10	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	38,970	19,000	19,970	2,080	1,100	975
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	34,960	17,115	17,840	1,995	1,065	925
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	3,960	1,865	2,100	85	35	50
Before 1981	1,955	930	1,025	75	30	45
1981 to 1990	580	275	305	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	560	250	305	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	725	325	395	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	345	145	200	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	385	180	200	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	145	75	70	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	3,960	1,860	2,100	85	35	50
Under 5 years	675	350	325	20	10	20
5 to 14 years	925	455	470	20	0	15
15 to 24 years	885	355	535	20	10	10
25 to 44 years	1,355	655	695	30	20	10
45 years and over	120	45	75	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,965	1,860	2,105	85	40	45
Americas	835	415	420	10	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	15	10	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	10	10	0	0	0
Guyana	140	60	85	10	0	10
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	220	115	110	0	0	0
Mexico	40	20	15	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	70	40	25	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	150	80	70	0	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	165	75	90	0	0	0
Europe	2,140	985	1,150	75	35	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germany	115	20	90	10	10	0
Greece	20	0	15	0	0	0
Hungary	40	25	15	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Italy	75	50	20	10	0	10
Netherlands	220	105	115	10	0	0
Poland	120	40	80	0	0	0
Portugal	60	35	25	10	0	0
Romania	50	30	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	10	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,230	585	640	45	10	30
Other places of birth in Europe	105	40	65	0	0	0
Africa	215	105	110	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	25	10	15	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	55	60	0	0	0
Asia	740	345	400	0	0	0
Afghanistan	55	30	25	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	40	10	30	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	15	0	20	0	0	0
India	90	40	55	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	70	50	25	0	0	0
Philippines	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	60	45	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	15	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	145	75	70	0	0	0
Americas	35	25	0	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	10	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	20	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	70	25	40	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	25	15	10	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	38,970	19,000	19,965	2,075	1,105	975
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,150	1,935	2,215	85	35	50
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	7,515	3,835	3,680	180	95	90
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	27,305	13,230	14,075	1,810	970	840
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,110	995	1,120	15	10	10
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	975	465	510	10	0	10
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	365	215	150	10	10	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	610	250	355	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	785	335	450	0	0	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	335	180	145	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	38,970	19,000	19,970	2,075	1,105	975
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,145	585	560	90	45	45
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,065	570	495	85	45	40
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	605	315	290	35	25	20
Métis	460	255	205	45	20	25
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	45	10	40	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	35	10	25	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	37,820	18,415	19,410	1,990	1,060	930
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	38,970	19,000	19,970	2,075	1,100	975
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	270	145	120	25	10	15
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	38,700	18,855	19,845	2,050	1,090	960
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	38,970	19,000	19,965	2,075	1,105	975
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	110	80	35	15	0	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115	75	35	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	70	55	25	10	0	0
Métis single ancestry	40	30	15	10	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,870	910	960	155	90	70
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,775	850	925	155	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,245	585	660	110	65	50
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	500	245	255	45	20	25
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	100	65	35	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	65	35	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	36,980	18,010	18,975	1,910	1,010	895
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	38,970	19,000	19,965	2,080	1,100	975
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	3,130	1,590	1,550	55	25	25
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	645	360	290	0	0	0
Chinese	165	60	105	25	15	10
Black	1,065	535	530	10	0	10
Filipino	265	125	135	0	0	10
Latin American	150	95	55	10	0	10
Arab	135	80	50	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	160	70	85	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	115	50	60	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	20	10	10	0
Japanese	25	10	15	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	165	65	105	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	200	110	90	10	10	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	35,830	17,410	18,420	2,020	1,075	945
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	38,965	19,000	19,970	2,075	1,100	975
North American Aboriginal origins	1,985	990	995	170	90	80
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,420	705	715	115	65	50
Inuit	20	15	10	0	0	0
Métis	640	335	305	55	25	30
Other North American origins	15,675	7,655	8,015	725	405	315
Acadian	65	35	35	0	0	0
American	405	230	175	15	15	0
Canadian	15,355	7,470	7,885	695	385	315
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	30	20	10	10	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	29,325	14,195	15,130	1,595	825	770
British Isles origins	22,785	10,900	11,885	1,330	665	670
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	13,520	6,475	7,040	880	405	470
Irish	10,120	4,530	5,585	580	300	280
Manx	10	0	15	0	0	0
Scottish	9,985	4,700	5,285	530	255	275
Welsh	870	395	470	40	15	30
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,305	635	675	40	20	20
French origins	4,470	2,105	2,365	180	110	70
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	4,475	2,105	2,365	180	110	70
Western European origins (except French origins)	6,445	3,215	3,225	455	255	200
Austrian	240	110	125	10	0	10
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	140	70	70	10	10	10
Dutch	2,500	1,230	1,275	130	85	40
Flemish	35	15	20	10	0	10
Frisian	0	0	10	10	0	0
German	3,840	1,910	1,930	345	205	140
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	150	90	60	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	915	390	525	15	10	10
Danish	210	100	115	0	0	0
Finnish	195	55	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	125	45	80	0	0	0
Norwegian	145	70	75	15	0	10
Swedish	245	120	125	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	40	20	15	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	3,825	1,865	1,960	185	100	85
Bulgarian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	35	10	0	10	0
Czech	85	50	35	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	45	20	25	0	0	0
Estonian	20	20	0	25	10	20
Hungarian	395	180	210	10	0	0
Latvian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	10	0	0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,650	775	880	45	25	20
Romanian	135	75	55	0	0	0
Russian	350	150	205	25	10	20
Slovak	125	55	70	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,545	770	775	95	70	30
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern European origins	3,650	1,835	1,815	45	30	20
Albanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	115	65	50	0	0	0
Cypriot	20	10	15	0	0	0
Greek	310	155	155	10	10	0
Italian	1,770	930	840	35	20	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	155	85	70	0	0	0
Maltese	200	90	110	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	670	325	345	0	10	0
Serbian	95	45	45	0	0	0
Sicilian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Spanish	440	230	215	10	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	100	40	60	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	235	120	110	10	0	10
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	85	40	45	10	0	10
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	145	80	65	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	1,095	525	565	0	0	0
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	120	50	65	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dominican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	720	370	350	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	130	65	70	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	170	40	130	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	585	285	300	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Arawak	10	0	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	20	10	15	0	0	0
Colombian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	290	125	160	0	0	10
Hispanic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	100	55	50	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Panamanian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	20	25	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	35	20	15	0	0	0
African origins	580	320	265	10	0	0
Central and West African origins	115	70	45	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	85	45	40	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Libyan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	200	90	110	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	0	0	0
South African	80	40	45	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	220	135	85	0	10	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	95	60	35	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	165	100	65	0	0	0
Asian origins	2,065	1,010	1,055	30	15	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	465	215	245	0	0	0
Afghan	150	70	80	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	55	30	20	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	45	15	25	0	0	0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0	0	0
Israeli	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	100	40	65	10	10	0
Palestinian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	20	10	10	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25	20	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins	795	445	350	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	620	350	270	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	80	45	30	0	0	0
Punjabi	20	20	10	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	45	30	15	0	0	0
Tamil	25	10	15	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	15	0	10	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	860	365	490	20	15	10
Burmese	0	0	10	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	320	115	200	25	10	10
Filipino	305	135	165	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	25	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	55	20	30	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	65	55	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	85	35	50	0	0	0
Australian	55	20	35	0	0	0
New Zealander	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
Owner	11,725	...	...	745	...	...
Renter	2,375	...	...	60	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,100	...	...	805	...	...
Condominium	1,020	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	13,075	...	...	805	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	760	...	...	15	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,920	...	...	110	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,870	...	...	420	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,530	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,810	...	...	40	...	...
5 rooms	1,880	...	...	95	...	...
6 rooms	2,845	...	...	110	...	...
7 rooms	2,495	...	...	190	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,070	...	...	360	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,050	...	...	805	...	...
More than 1 person per room	45	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,100	...	...	800	...	...
Suitable	13,675	...	...	775	...	...
Not suitable	420	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
1960 or before	1,875	...	...	275	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,510	...	...	170	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,435	...	...	90	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,025	...	...	145	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,710	...	...	50	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,995	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,550	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,100	...	...	800	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,545	...	...	720	...	...
Major repairs needed	555	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
1 household maintainer	7,290	...	...	460	...	...
2 household maintainers	6,540	...	...	345	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	270	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,095	...	...	805	...	...
15 to 24 years	180	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,475	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,205	...	...	100	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,280	...	...	170	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,375	...	...	225	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,545	...	...	120	...	...
75 to 84 years	755	...	...	85	...	...
85 years and over	280	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	14,090	...	...	750	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,070	...	...	595	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,015	...	...	155	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,795	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,720	...	...	690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	76.5	...	...	57.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.9	...	...	19.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,587	...	...	883	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,542	...	...	986	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	393,643	...	...	200,381	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	404,669	...	...	246,648	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,375	...	...	60	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.6	...	...	41.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,131	...	...	1,137	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,174	...	...	1,035	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	30,820	14,840	15,975	1,755	910	845
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,370	2,710	2,665	335	185	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	8,960	4,615	4,345	635	330	305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,495	7,525	8,970	790	395	390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,240	1,735	505	210	170	40
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	955	625	330	70	55	25
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,285	1,110	175	135	120	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,265	3,850	5,415	440	175	270
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	165	250	30	15	15
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	4,570	1,770	2,800	105	40	65
Bachelor's degree	3,395	1,345	2,050	85	35	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	395	115	280	10	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	35	45	10	10	0
Master's degree	655	250	410	10	0	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40	20	15	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	21,555	10,360	11,200	1,125	590	540
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,115	1,230	885	135	85	55
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	5,695	3,010	2,690	410	215	200
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,750	6,120	7,630	580	290	285
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,695	1,315	375	170	140	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	720	480	245	55	35	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	975	840	135	120	100	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	7,845	3,240	4,600	325	125	195
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	110	200	10	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	3,895	1,450	2,445	75	20	55
Bachelor's degree	2,875	1,120	1,760	55	15	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	100	250	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	20	40	0	10	0
Master's degree	570	195	375	10	0	10
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	15	15	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	30,820	14,840	15,980	1,755	915	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	14,330	7,320	7,005	965	520	450
Education	970	205	765	50	15	35
13. Education	975	205	770	50	10	40
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	615	290	320	15	10	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	100	40	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	480	190	290	10	10	10
Humanities	570	220	345	20	0	20
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	40	0	35	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	225	45	175	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	55	60	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	35	20	10	0	10
54. History	80	60	25	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,120	495	1,625	95	25	70
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	85	165	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	15	475	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	420	70	355	0	10	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	50	10	35	10	0	10
42. Psychology	365	45	320	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	520	275	245	25	20	10
Business, management and public administration	2,890	985	1,900	115	30	85
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	45	370	15	0	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,475	940	1,535	105	30	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	395	185	205	40	10	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	65	95	20	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	60	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	100	65	35	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	10	10	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	495	320	170	15	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	290	135	15	0	0
25. Library science	15	0	20	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	20	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,755	3,510	250	245	220	25
04. Architecture and related services	65	50	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	340	310	30	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	960	850	115	40	35	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	870	840	30	90	80	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,015	965	50	65	60	0
48. Precision production	495	485	10	55	45	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	160	120	25	20	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	155	85	70	20	20	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	75	50	10	10	10
Health and related fields	2,890	365	2,525	100	20	80
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	245	105	140	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	2,620	250	2,365	85	15	75
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	25	10	20	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,525	790	735	70	35	35
12. Personal and culinary services	630	110	520	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	700	495	205	30	20	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	170	10	20	20	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	21,560	10,360	11,200	1,130	590	535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	7,810	4,240	3,570	550	295	255
Education	800	170	630	20	0	25
13. Education	800	175	630	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	495	205	295	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	65	30	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	145	260	0	0	0
Humanities	480	175	310	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	25	0	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	200	45	160	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	45	50	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	0	0	0
54. History	65	40	25	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	25	0	25	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,810	405	1,410	70	20	55
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	65	150	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	0	405	45	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	380	45	330	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	10	30	0	0	0
42. Psychology	300	30	275	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	450	245	205	15	10	0
Business, management and public administration	2,475	830	1,645	90	20	65
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	350	40	315	0	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,120	790	1,335	85	25	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310	130	175	30	0	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	45	85	10	0	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	25	45	0	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	50	30	0	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	15	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	430	290	135	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	370	265	105	0	0	10
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	20	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,990	2,795	200	210	190	20
04. Architecture and related services	50	40	15	0	0	0
14. Engineering	255	225	30	0	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	815	735	80	35	35	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	690	665	20	75	70	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	805	755	55	55	55	0
48. Precision production	375	370	0	35	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	125	105	15	15	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	135	70	60	10	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	55	50	0	0	0
Health and related fields	2,415	305	2,110	75	20	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	210	95	110	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs	2,185	205	1,985	70	15	50
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	20	10	15	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,295	690	605	45	20	20
12. Personal and culinary services	525	100	425	10	0	10
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	605	430	175	15	10	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	150	10	20	10	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	30,820	14,840	15,980	1,755	915	840
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,330	7,320	7,010	965	520	450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	16,490	7,520	8,970	785	395	390
Location of study inside Canada	15,340	6,945	8,395	765	380	385
Same as province or territory of residence	14,500	6,535	7,970	710	355	365
Different than province or territory of residence	840	410	430	50	30	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,155	580	575	25	15	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	255	150	105	10	0	0
Philippines	70	25	50	0	0	0
India	45	15	30	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	365	210	155	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	10	0	0	0
France	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other	405	175	230	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	21,560	10,360	11,200	1,130	590	540
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,805	4,240	3,570	550	300	250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	13,750	6,120	7,625	575	290	285
Location of study inside Canada	12,900	5,725	7,170	570	285	285
Same as province or territory of residence	12,225	5,400	6,825	530	275	260
Different than province or territory of residence	675	325	345	35	15	20
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	855	395	460	10	10	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	200	110	85	0	0	0
Philippines	60	20	40	0	0	0
India	40	15	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	110	95	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	0	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	330	135	195	10	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	30,820	14,840	15,980	1,755	915	840
In the labour force	22,055	11,225	10,830	995	550	445
Employed	20,395	10,310	10,085	925	510	415
Unemployed	1,655	915	740	70	40	30
Not in the labour force	8,765	3,615	5,150	760	360	395
Participation rate	71.6	75.6	67.8	56.7	60.1	53.0
Employment rate	66.2	69.5	63.1	52.7	55.7	49.4
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.2	6.8	7.0	7.3	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	30,820	14,840	15,975	1,755	915	845
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	8,325	3,335	4,985	690	335	355
Worked	22,500	11,505	10,995	1,065	580	490
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	12,920	7,295	5,625	560	350	205
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,580	4,215	5,365	505	225	280
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.1	44.7	43.4	43.3	45.0	41.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	22,055	11,225	10,830	995	545	445
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	490	215	270	10	10	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	21,565	11,010	10,560	985	540	440
Employee	19,870	10,055	9,825	820	425	390
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	1,695	955	735	170	115	55
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	22,055	11,230	10,830	995	545	445
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	490	215	270	10	10	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	21,565	11,010	10,555	985	545	445
0 Management occupations	1,800	1,110	690	115	95	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,070	775	2,295	125	15	110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,175	935	240	30	30	0
3 Health occupations	1,680	220	1,455	45	10	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,925	860	2,070	105	25	80
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	510	210	305	20	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	4,965	2,050	2,915	195	65	130
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,685	3,445	240	225	210	15
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	280	225	50	30	25	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,480	1,180	300	95	65	30
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	22,055	11,230	10,825	995	550	445
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	490	220	270	10	10	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	21,565	11,010	10,560	985	545	445
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	90	80	75	55	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	40	10	15	10	0
22 Utilities	990	750	245	35	25	10
23 Construction	1,950	1,780	170	105	95	15
31-33 Manufacturing	1,980	1,515	465	125	85	45
41 Wholesale trade	675	500	180	20	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	2,470	1,015	1,455	140	65	70
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,055	785	270	45	35	15
51 Information and cultural industries	415	220	195	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	780	295	490	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	280	150	130	10	0	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	20	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	915	580	335	50	35	10
61 Educational services	1,760	485	1,270	95	25	70
62 Health care and social assistance	2,780	320	2,460	130	20	105
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	395	195	205	10	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,330	530	800	50	20	35
81 Other services (except public administration)	920	420	500	50	25	20
91 Public administration	1,440	775	670	25	15	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	20,395	10,310	10,085	925	510	415
Worked at home	995	435	565	115	70	45
Worked outside Canada	25	25	0	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	2,315	1,730	590	110	105	0
Worked at usual place	17,055	8,125	8,930	695	335	365
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	17,055	8,125	8,935	695	335	365
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,555	2,340	3,210	165	90	75
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,480	3,345	4,135	455	190	265
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,960	2,390	1,570	75	55	15
Commute to a different province or territory	70	50	20	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	19,370	9,855	9,520	805	435	370
Car, truck, van - as a driver	16,410	8,470	7,935	730	395	335
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,160	610	550	40	30	15
Public transit	945	405	535	10	0	10
Walked	615	220	395	25	15	10
Bicycle	45	35	10	0	0	0
Other method	200	100	95	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	19,370	9,850	9,520	805	435	365
Less than 15 minutes	4,600	1,885	2,715	240	100	140
15 to 29 minutes	6,065	2,930	3,140	175	115	65
30 to 44 minutes	3,780	1,845	1,935	140	80	55
45 to 59 minutes	1,595	1,035	560	140	55	75
60 minutes and over	3,340	2,165	1,170	120	85	35
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	19,370	9,855	9,520	805	435	365
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,400	1,715	685	120	100	20
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,225	2,650	1,570	130	55	70
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,530	1,960	2,570	215	95	120
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,995	980	2,020	125	55	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,620	515	1,100	45	25	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,600	2,030	1,570	165	100	70
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	23,035	11,730	11,305	1,125	620	505
Single responses	22,905	11,680	11,225	1,125	625	500
Official languages	22,885	11,670	11,215	1,125	625	500
English	22,795	11,650	11,145	1,120	620	500
French	90	20	70	0	0	0
Non-official languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	130	45	80	0	0	0
English and French	100	30	70	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	20	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	23,035	11,730	11,305	1,125	620	505
None	22,555	11,540	11,015	1,115	620	495
English	80	15	60	0	0	0
French	245	105	140	10	0	10
Non-official language	145	60	80	10	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	145	65	85	0	0	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	38,485	18,770	19,715	2,065	1,090	975
Non-movers	34,005	16,650	17,355	1,910	995	910
Movers	4,485	2,120	2,360	155	90	65
Non-migrants	2,075	970	1,110	55	30	25
Migrants	2,405	1,155	1,250	110	70	40
Internal migrants	2,325	1,120	1,205	105	65	40
Intraprovincial migrants	2,150	1,030	1,125	100	65	40
Interprovincial migrants	170	90	80	0	10	0
External migrants	85	35	50	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	36,195	17,625	18,570	1,980	1,045	935
Non-movers	22,010	10,780	11,230	1,515	790	725
Movers	14,180	6,845	7,340	465	250	210
Non-migrants	6,775	3,245	3,530	160	100	65
Migrants	7,405	3,590	3,815	300	160	145
Internal migrants	7,225	3,525	3,700	300	160	145
Intraprovincial migrants	6,945	3,385	3,555	295	155	140
Interprovincial migrants	280	140	145	10	0	10
External migrants	180	65	110	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario and Madoc, TP [Census subdivision], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 17, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario and Madoc, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario and Madoc, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bowmanville [Population centre], Ontario and Madoc, Township [Census subdivision], Ontario