Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brantford [Population centre], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Brantford Ontario [Population centre]			Yukon [Territory]
	Data quality , Brantford [Population centre], Ontario Map : Brantford [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Yukon [Territory] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	98,179	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	94,269 ^r	...	...	33,897	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	4.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	40,964	...	...	17,987	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,609.0	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61.02	...	...	474,712.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	98,180	47,475	50,705	35,875	18,075	17,795
0 to 14 years	17,440	8,860	8,580	6,280	3,355	2,920
0 to 4 years	5,650	2,840	2,810	2,135	1,155	985
5 to 9 years	6,045	3,090	2,955	2,120	1,130	995
10 to 14 years	5,740	2,930	2,815	2,020	1,075	945
15 to 64 years	63,855	31,220	32,640	25,340	12,500	12,835
15 to 19 years	5,890	3,020	2,870	1,935	1,000	930
20 to 24 years	5,945	2,945	3,000	1,965	1,035	930
25 to 29 years	6,050	2,950	3,095	2,550	1,245	1,310
30 to 34 years	6,400	3,110	3,290	2,890	1,395	1,495
35 to 39 years	6,245	3,085	3,155	2,590	1,235	1,355
40 to 44 years	6,165	3,015	3,155	2,540	1,170	1,370
45 to 49 years	6,215	3,025	3,185	2,465	1,210	1,245
50 to 54 years	7,315	3,590	3,725	2,880	1,390	1,495
55 to 59 years	7,095	3,390	3,705	2,995	1,505	1,490
60 to 64 years	6,540	3,080	3,450	2,530	1,315	1,220
65 years and over	16,885	7,400	9,490	4,260	2,220	2,040
65 to 69 years	5,555	2,640	2,915	1,845	980	870
70 to 74 years	3,855	1,785	2,075	1,090	605	485
75 to 79 years	2,820	1,245	1,575	645	350	295
80 to 84 years	2,185	905	1,280	375	160	215
85 years and over	2,470	825	1,645	300	125	175
85 to 89 years	1,545	545	995	195	90	105
90 to 94 years	725	235	490	80	30	50
95 to 99 years	175	40	135	20	5	20
100 years and over	20	0	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.7	16.9	17.5	18.6	16.4
15 to 64 years	65.0	65.8	64.4	70.6	69.2	72.1
65 years and over	17.2	15.6	18.7	11.9	12.3	11.5
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	0.8	0.7	1.0
Average age of the population	40.8	39.7	41.9	39.1	38.8	39.4
Median age of the population	40.9	39.6	42.0	39.5	39.0	39.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
Single-detached house	24,315	...	...	9,430	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,825	...	...	50	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	11,300	...	...	4,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,940	...	...	1,160	...	...
Row house	3,715	...	...	950	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,450	...	...	605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,105	...	...	1,770	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	65	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	10	...	...	1,185	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 person	11,105	...	...	4,900	...	...
2 persons	13,240	...	...	5,180	...	...
3 persons	6,490	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	5,315	...	...	1,860	...	...
5 or more persons	3,295	...	...	1,025	...	...
Number of persons in private households	96,460	...	...	35,110	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	80,740	38,615	42,125	29,595	14,725	14,870
Married or living common law	44,745	22,340	22,410	16,445	8,210	8,235
Married	36,010	17,975	18,035	11,345	5,680	5,670
Living common law	8,735	4,365	4,370	5,095	2,530	2,570
Not married and not living common law	35,990	16,275	19,720	13,150	6,515	6,635
Never married	21,730	11,650	10,075	9,150	4,905	4,245
Separated	3,285	1,360	1,920	845	370	470
Divorced	5,700	2,195	3,505	2,105	975	1,130
Widowed	5,280	1,065	4,210	1,060	265	795
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	27,985	...	...	9,845	...	...
2 persons	14,120	...	...	5,330	...	...
3 persons	6,445	...	...	2,060	...	...
4 persons	5,125	...	...	1,745	...	...
5 or more persons	2,300	...	...	710	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	27,985	...	...	9,845	...	...
Total couple families	22,025	...	...	7,970	...	...
Married couples	17,655	...	...	5,425	...	...
Common-law couples	4,370	...	...	2,545	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	5,965	...	...	1,875	...	...
Female parent	4,735	...	...	1,390	...	...
Male parent	1,225	...	...	480	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,025	...	...	7,970	...	...
Couples without children	10,600	...	...	4,130	...	...
Couples with children	11,425	...	...	3,840	...	...
1 child	4,665	...	...	1,575	...	...
2 children	4,635	...	...	1,600	...	...
3 or more children	2,125	...	...	660	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	5,960	...	...	1,875	...	...
1 child	3,520	...	...	1,195	...	...
2 children	1,775	...	...	485	...	...
3 or more children	665	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,120	7,555	8,565	7,505	3,895	3,610
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
One-census-family households	26,225	...	...	9,345	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	9,955	...	...	3,915	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	16,270	...	...	5,430	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	865	...	...	245	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,360	...	...	5,620	...	...
One-person households	11,105	...	...	4,900	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,255	...	...	720	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	97,245	47,075	50,165	35,555	17,895	17,660
English only	91,865	44,895	46,965	30,430	15,530	14,895
French only	30	10	15	85	40	45
English and French	4,620	1,910	2,710	4,900	2,260	2,640
Neither English nor French	730	255	470	140	65	75
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	97,245	47,080	50,170	35,555	17,895	17,660
English	95,455	46,330	49,125	33,720	16,960	16,760
French	955	450	505	1,575	815	755
English and French	130	50	75	125	55	70
Neither English nor French	705	240	465	140	65	75
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,020	480	545	1,635	845	790
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.0	1.0	1.1	4.6	4.7	4.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	97,245	47,080	50,170	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	96,070	46,550	49,520	34,885	17,555	17,330
Official languages	85,185	41,415	43,770	30,675	15,585	15,095
English	84,175	40,930	43,240	29,105	14,775	14,335
French	1,015	485	530	1,570	810	755
Non-official languages	10,885	5,135	5,750	4,210	1,970	2,235
Aboriginal languages	40	20	20	675	295	380
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	25	5	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	0	5	20	5	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	20	5	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	5	5	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	560	250	305
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	545	245	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	10	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	80	40	45
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	170	85	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	165	85	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	285	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	210	90	125
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	5	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	20	5	10	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	65	25	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,845	5,115	5,730	3,530	1,675	1,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	340	175	165	50	25	25
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	15	10	5	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	320	165	160	40	25	20
Amharic	5	0	5	5	0	0
Arabic	265	135	125	35	20	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	5	5	0	0
Maltese	45	25	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	645	295	350	50	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	620	285	335	50	25	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	455	175	280	990	415	575
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	10	80	35	45
Fijian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	40	15	25
Ilocano	20	10	10	35	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	15	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	155	245	805	335	465
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	5	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Creole languages	30	10	20	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	15	5	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	100	50	50	55	30	25
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	10	25	10	15
Tamil	30	15	15	25	10	10
Telugu	40	20	15	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,875	3,750	4,125	1,715	885	825
Albanian	35	20	15	5	0	5
Armenian	25	10	10	0	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	2,085	950	1,130	295	150	150
Baltic languages	15	10	10	5	5	0
Latvian	5	5	5	0	5	0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,065	940	1,125	290	145	145
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	10	5	0	5
Bulgarian	15	5	10	5	0	0
Croatian	75	45	35	5	5	5
Czech	25	10	15	55	30	25
Macedonian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Polish	1,440	650	790	65	35	30
Russian	100	40	60	75	35	45
Serbian	90	45	40	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Slovak	60	30	30	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	15	5	10
Ukrainian	195	90	110	50	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	1,090	485	605	945	495	445
Afrikaans	5	5	0	10	5	5
Danish	20	10	10	20	10	5
Dutch	515	245	265	115	50	60
Frisian	10	5	5	0	5	0
German	495	205	290	765	415	355
Icelandic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Norwegian	0	0	5	10	5	5
Swedish	10	5	10	15	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	145	75	70	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,180	1,095	1,080	215	115	100
Indo-Aryan languages	2,085	1,055	1,035	190	100	95
Bengali	55	25	30	25	5	15
Gujarati	250	125	120	20	20	5
Hindi	165	85	80	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,280	630	645	85	40	45
Sindhi	15	5	10	0	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	5	0	5
Urdu	270	145	125	20	10	10
Iranian languages	90	45	45	25	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	85	40	40	25	20	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,320	1,115	1,210	225	105	120
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italian	1,120	540	580	25	15	10
Portuguese	570	275	300	15	5	5
Romanian	120	55	60	10	10	5
Spanish	505	240	265	170	75	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	20	30	95	40	55
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	70	100	45	10	30
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Shona	20	10	15	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10	20	10	5
American Sign Language	15	5	5	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	10	5	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	575	275	300	350	150	195
Chinese languages	565	270	295	350	155	195
Cantonese	205	100	110	225	100	120
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	5
Mandarin	300	140	160	95	40	60
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	15	10	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	10	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	30	30	5	25
Lao	50	20	25	5	5	5
Thai	10	5	5	25	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10	0	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	455	220	240	75	40	35
Estonian	10	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10	25	15	10
Hungarian	430	210	225	45	30	20
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	1,175	530	650	675	345	330
English and French	170	75	100	220	115	100
English and non-official language	945	425	520	420	210	215
French and non-official language	30	5	20	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language	30	15	15	15	10	10
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	97,245	47,080	50,165	35,560	17,900	17,660
Single responses	94,965	45,990	48,975	34,730	17,510	17,220
Official languages	90,225	43,775	46,445	33,135	16,735	16,400
English	89,970	43,655	46,315	32,270	16,315	15,960
French	250	120	135	860	420	435
Non-official languages	4,740	2,215	2,530	1,600	775	825
Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	75	45	35
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	65	35	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,725	2,210	2,515	1,520	730	785
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	65	80	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0	0	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	60	75	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Arabic	130	60	70	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	0	5
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	225	255	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	470	220	245	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	70	90	555	255	305
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	35	20	15
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	15	5	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	65	90	475	215	260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	5	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dravidian languages	65	30	35	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	15	10	10
Tamil	20	10	10	15	10	5
Telugu	30	15	20	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,115	1,450	1,665	540	280	260
Albanian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	755	345	405	85	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	750	345	405	85	40	40
Belarusan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10	5	0	0
Czech	10	0	5	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	595	275	320	20	15	10
Russian	45	20	25	30	15	15
Serbian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0	5	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	245	125	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	20	5	10	10	0	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	35	15	20	225	115	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	45	20	20	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,435	695	740	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages	1,385	680	710	90	45	40
Bengali	30	10	15	15	5	10
Gujarati	180	90	85	15	10	0
Hindi	75	40	35	15	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	460	490	45	20	25
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	140	60	70	10	5	5
Iranian languages	45	20	25	15	10	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	45	20	25	15	15	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	805	345	455	110	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	130	185	5	0	0
Portuguese	180	85	100	0	0	0
Romanian	60	25	30	5	5	5
Spanish	250	105	145	100	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	35	15	15	50	25	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	135	55	80	25	10	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	5	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	25	25	15	10	5
American Sign Language	15	5	10	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	20	10	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	200	180	220	100	120
Chinese languages	375	195	180	215	95	120
Cantonese	120	60	60	155	70	90
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	230	120	110	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	10	0	5
Lao	25	10	15	5	0	0
Thai	5	5	5	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	40	55	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	95	45	55	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Multiple responses	2,285	1,090	1,190	830	385	445
English and French	85	40	50	120	60	60
English and non-official language	2,140	1,030	1,110	680	315	370
French and non-official language	5	5	5	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language	45	20	30	15	10	10
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	97,245	47,080	50,170	35,555	17,895	17,660
None	90,815	44,105	46,715	31,490	15,990	15,500
English	2,125	1,030	1,100	1,250	590	660
French	835	325	505	890	425	470
Non-official language	3,370	1,570	1,795	1,830	845	985
Aboriginal	85	40	50	585	275	315
Non-Aboriginal	3,285	1,535	1,750	1,245	575	675
English and French	10	5	5	20	10	10
English and non-official language	40	25	20	35	15	20
French and non-official language	45	25	25	45	25	25
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	79,040	37,960	41,080	28,895	14,325	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	75,795	36,395	39,405	27,975	13,845	14,135
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,724	38,368	26,732	45,804	48,685	43,192
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	75,810	36,395	39,420	27,975	13,840	14,130
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,193	34,416	25,134	41,235	43,240	39,353
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	66,230	32,570	33,660	26,300	13,005	13,295
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,170	38,164	23,547	43,961	47,135	40,806
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	56,905	24,790	32,115	17,670	8,205	9,465
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,972	5,578	7,554	4,724	4,742	4,708
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	54,665	27,920	26,745	23,940	11,925	12,015
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,802	40,030	26,691	43,341	45,938	40,804
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	79,070	38,015	41,050	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,800	36,415	39,385	27,920	13,860	14,060
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,447	45,728	33,640	53,809	57,649	50,023
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	75,820	36,415	39,405	27,925	13,860	14,065
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,965	38,602	29,680	45,994	48,598	43,429
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	66,215	32,645	33,570	26,255	13,035	13,220
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,733	44,830	30,832	52,102	56,529	47,736
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	57,095	24,925	32,170	17,700	8,290	9,415
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,611	8,096	9,011	7,595	7,499	7,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	54,710	27,960	26,750	23,940	11,940	12,005
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,059	45,262	32,574	50,089	53,885	46,314
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	79,070	38,020	41,050	28,880	14,315	14,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	27,570	15,735	11,840	10,655	5,325	5,330
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,865	54,080	43,141	67,699	72,122	64,301
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	55,694	61,074	48,541	70,536	75,141	65,936
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.8	88.2	78.3	91.1	92.4	89.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	71.2	76.1	65.1	78.7	79.2	78.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.2	11.8	21.7	8.9	7.6	10.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	79,035	37,960	41,080	28,895	14,325	14,570
Without total income	3,245	1,565	1,675	920	485	435
With total income	75,795	36,395	39,405	27,975	13,840	14,130
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,745	4,150	5,590	2,875	1,460	1,415
$10,000 to $19,999	13,895	5,205	8,685	3,350	1,575	1,775
$20,000 to $29,999	12,425	4,980	7,450	3,455	1,605	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	9,920	4,550	5,365	2,815	1,240	1,575
$40,000 to $49,999	8,635	4,230	4,405	2,545	1,195	1,345
$50,000 to $59,999	6,155	3,455	2,700	2,340	1,115	1,225
$60,000 to $69,999	4,385	2,710	1,670	2,370	1,115	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	2,960	1,880	1,080	2,095	1,010	1,085
$80,000 to $89,999	2,185	1,405	785	1,725	885	840
$90,000 to $99,999	1,965	1,190	775	1,340	710	630
$100,000 and over	3,530	2,635	895	3,065	1,930	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	2,740	2,030	715	2,325	1,410	910
$150,000 and over	785	605	185	740	520	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	79,040	37,960	41,080	28,890	14,325	14,565
Without after-tax income	3,230	1,565	1,660	920	485	435
With after-tax income	75,815	36,395	39,420	27,975	13,840	14,135
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	96.0	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,985	4,210	5,775	2,935	1,485	1,445
$10,000 to $19,999	14,530	5,480	9,055	3,525	1,660	1,860
$20,000 to $29,999	14,350	5,965	8,380	3,860	1,800	2,065
$30,000 to $39,999	11,970	5,620	6,350	3,285	1,480	1,810
$40,000 to $49,999	9,235	4,945	4,290	3,080	1,450	1,630
$50,000 to $59,999	5,805	3,500	2,310	3,045	1,445	1,600
$60,000 to $69,999	3,670	2,390	1,285	2,685	1,305	1,380
$70,000 to $79,999	2,730	1,680	1,050	2,095	1,085	1,010
$80,000 and over	3,530	2,590	935	3,475	2,125	1,345
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	1,020	445	1,285	710	580
$90,000 to $99,999	785	590	190	780	490	290
$100,000 and over	1,285	985	300	1,405	930	480
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	79,040	37,960	41,080	28,890	14,325	14,570
Without employment income	24,370	10,035	14,330	4,950	2,400	2,550
With employment income	54,665	27,920	26,745	23,945	11,930	12,015
Percentage with employment income	69.2	73.6	65.1	82.9	83.3	82.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,330	3,555	3,775	2,715	1,355	1,360
$5,000 to $9,999	4,570	1,865	2,705	1,605	745	860
$10,000 to $19,999	7,245	2,895	4,355	2,635	1,245	1,390
$20,000 to $29,999	6,405	2,705	3,700	2,275	1,050	1,225
$30,000 to $39,999	6,515	2,930	3,585	2,060	995	1,065
$40,000 to $49,999	6,215	3,160	3,055	1,985	940	1,040
$50,000 to $59,999	4,510	2,700	1,810	1,875	855	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	3,220	2,135	1,085	1,980	885	1,095
$70,000 to $79,999	2,340	1,545	800	1,750	845	905
$80,000 and over	6,315	4,435	1,880	5,065	3,015	2,055
$80,000 to $89,999	1,800	1,175	625	1,495	810	680
$90,000 to $99,999	1,730	1,060	670	1,135	610	530
$100,000 and over	2,780	2,200	585	2,435	1,590	845
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	62,905	...	...	84,521	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,334	...	...	73,935	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,105	...	...	4,900	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,258	...	...	42,170	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,547	...	...	38,536	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	28,340	...	...	10,315	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	79,302	...	...	110,664	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,246	...	...	96,068	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	39,460	...	...	15,215	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,780	...	...	98,739	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,268	...	...	84,412	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,120	...	...	4,920	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,399	...	...	50,317	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,488	...	...	43,443	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	28,340	...	...	10,295	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,453	...	...	121,861	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,742	...	...	103,975	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	450	...	...	155	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,270	...	...	290	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,665	...	...	555	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,090	...	...	670	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,825	...	...	480	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,975	...	...	510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,990	...	...	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,970	...	...	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,830	...	...	455	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,340	...	...	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,075	...	...	965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,745	...	...	935	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,470	...	...	960	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,175	...	...	860	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,195	...	...	6,220	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,020	...	...	1,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,495	...	...	1,400	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,485	...	...	1,850	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,200	...	...	1,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	39,445	...	...	15,215	...	...
Under $5,000	400	...	...	235	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	460	...	...	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,300	...	...	295	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,725	...	...	580	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,345	...	...	680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,040	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,240	...	...	575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,330	...	...	605	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,305	...	...	575	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,055	...	...	510	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,950	...	...	1,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,420	...	...	1,185	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,120	...	...	1,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,600	...	...	1,005	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	...	...	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,115	...	...	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,500	...	...	1,840	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,905	...	...	1,420	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,710	...	...	1,785	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	27,415	...	...	9,795	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,185	...	...	108,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	70,114	...	...	94,853	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	9,685	...	...	3,890	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,244	...	...	104,425	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,041	...	...	90,825	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	11,565	...	...	3,860	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	103,262	...	...	139,567	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,814	...	...	119,060	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,480	...	...	1,765	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,693	...	...	62,816	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	43,885	...	...	58,386	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	27,390	...	...	9,795	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,470	...	...	120,618	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,681	...	...	102,755	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	9,645	...	...	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,352	...	...	113,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,571	...	...	95,932	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	11,550	...	...	3,885	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	114,006	...	...	151,228	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,783	...	...	127,809	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,550	...	...	1,750	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,196	...	...	72,156	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,778	...	...	64,133	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,140	6,730	7,405	6,685	3,505	3,180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,156	32,334	26,656	39,951	36,718	42,449
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,907	29,239	25,218	36,618	33,829	39,148
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,165	6,795	7,375	6,705	3,630	3,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,134	37,943	34,469	47,879	46,673	49,305
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,585	32,765	30,498	41,460	40,111	43,054
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	96,460	46,800	49,655	35,110	17,645	17,470
In the bottom half of the distribution	54,155	25,340	28,820	12,840	6,500	6,340
In the bottom decile	9,650	4,450	5,200	2,530	1,440	1,090
In the second decile	11,240	4,925	6,315	2,705	1,345	1,360
In the third decile	11,405	5,330	6,075	2,315	1,110	1,205
In the fourth decile	11,135	5,395	5,745	2,420	1,145	1,275
In the fifth decile	10,730	5,250	5,480	2,870	1,455	1,415
In the top half of the distribution	42,305	21,465	20,845	22,270	11,145	11,130
In the sixth decile	10,300	5,195	5,110	3,005	1,500	1,505
In the seventh decile	9,960	5,070	4,885	3,535	1,745	1,790
In the eighth decile	9,155	4,630	4,525	4,495	2,200	2,300
In the ninth decile	8,020	4,080	3,940	5,420	2,755	2,670
In the top decile	4,870	2,500	2,375	5,810	2,950	2,860
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	96,460	46,805	49,655	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	20,995	10,705	10,290	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	59,795	29,040	30,760	0	0	0
65 years and over	15,665	7,060	8,605	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,945	6,640	8,300	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	4,325	2,180	2,145	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,515	755	760	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	8,710	3,845	4,860	0	0	0
65 years and over	1,910	620	1,290	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.2	16.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	20.6	20.4	20.8	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	22.2	22.0	22.5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	13.2	15.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	12.2	8.8	15.0	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,330	3,495	3,840	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,885	940	945	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	675	325	350	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	5,160	2,435	2,730	0	0	0
65 years and over	290	115	170	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	7.5	7.7	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0	8.8	9.2	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	9.5	10.3	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.4	8.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.0	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,110	17,640	17,465
Official languages	95,825	46,585	49,240	35,010	17,605	17,405
English	95,800	46,575	49,230	34,930	17,570	17,365
French	4,715	2,025	2,690	4,910	2,270	2,640
Non-official languages	13,565	6,555	7,015	6,255	2,970	3,285
Aboriginal languages	160	75	80	1,165	535	630
Algonquian languages	35	15	15	40	15	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	10	10	30	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	15	10	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	15	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	870	400	470
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	860	395	465
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	10
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	15	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	95	45	50
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	330	180	150
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	405	160	245
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	275	115	160
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	90
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	50	10	35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Cayuga	40	10	30	0	0	0
Mohawk	115	60	50	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	195	95	100
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	13,415	6,480	6,935	5,105	2,440	2,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	580	270	310	70	50	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	580	270	310	50	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Arabic	500	250	255	30	25	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	15	0	10
Maltese	50	15	35	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	775	370	400	60	35	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Vietnamese	760	365	400	60	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	590	235	355	1,225	490	730
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cebuano	40	10	30	115	55	60
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ilocano	50	35	15	20	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	0	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	225	340	1,095	445	650
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	20	0	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Creole languages	90	50	40	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	15	10	10
Dravidian languages	85	30	55	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10	10	10	0
Tamil	35	10	25	45	20	20
Telugu	35	10	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,700	4,725	4,975	3,060	1,540	1,515
Albanian	65	30	30	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	10	15	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	2,375	1,105	1,270	375	195	185
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,365	1,095	1,265	375	190	180
Belarusan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	10	0	10	0	10
Croatian	130	60	70	25	20	10
Czech	45	25	25	80	55	25
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	1,655	760	890	50	25	30
Russian	165	80	85	145	65	75
Serbian	130	75	55	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	95	60	40	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	30	10	25
Ukrainian	240	95	145	40	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	10	0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	10	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Germanic languages	1,315	600	715	1,360	715	650
Afrikaans	15	15	10	45	25	25
Danish	35	10	25	10	10	0
Dutch	585	290	295	155	75	75
Frisian	10	0	10	0	0	0
German	655	295	355	1,125	585	540
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Swedish	15	0	15	25	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	180	80	95	10	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	2,675	1,385	1,290	315	190	125
Indo-Aryan languages	2,615	1,355	1,260	300	180	120
Bengali	55	20	30	20	10	10
Gujarati	355	190	165	50	45	10
Hindi	770	405	360	170	115	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,665	855	815	150	70	80
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Urdu	480	255	225	50	25	25
Iranian languages	65	30	30	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	60	30	30	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,225	1,595	1,630	1,130	490	635
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,445	755	695	130	45	85
Portuguese	745	375	365	55	30	30
Romanian	180	80	100	15	0	10
Spanish	940	435	505	975	435	535
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	55	40	20	105	55	45
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	195	85	110	70	20	50
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40	65	40	25
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Shona	40	20	25	0	10	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	10	10
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	30	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	155	75	85	55	25	35
American Sign Language	55	25	25	40	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	350	335	305	150	155
Chinese languages	680	345	335	300	145	155
Cantonese	280	145	135	180	105	75
Hakka	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	420	210	210	185	80	105
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	15	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	40	55	40	25	15
Lao	85	35	50	10	0	0
Thai	45	20	25	40	20	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	20	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	15	10	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	10	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	500	240	260	115	65	50
Estonian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	20	45	15	25
Hungarian	450	225	225	75	45	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,110	17,640	17,465
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	93,845	45,520	48,330	32,955	16,610	16,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,830	10,590	10,240	7,085	3,700	3,390
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,015	34,930	38,085	25,875	12,910	12,965
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,685	1,315	1,365	2,155	1,035	1,120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,110	17,645	17,465
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	83,135	40,315	42,820	30,260	15,305	14,950
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	13,075	6,360	6,715	4,410	2,075	2,330
Before 1981	6,015	2,980	3,030	1,325	695	630
1981 to 1990	1,795	885	910	385	200	185
1991 to 2000	2,095	975	1,120	530	235	295
2001 to 2010	2,190	1,040	1,150	1,055	480	575
2001 to 2005	1,070	495	575	330	130	205
2006 to 2010	1,120	545	575	725	350	375
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	985	475	505	1,115	470	645
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	325	165	160	435	255	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	13,075	6,360	6,720	4,410	2,080	2,330
Under 5 years	1,475	755	720	460	205	255
5 to 14 years	2,565	1,305	1,260	765	375	390
15 to 24 years	3,645	1,650	1,990	915	420	490
25 to 44 years	4,530	2,225	2,310	1,970	935	1,035
45 years and over	860	425	435	310	145	160
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	13,075	6,360	6,715	4,410	2,080	2,330
Americas	1,795	905	895	700	295	410
Brazil	80	25	55	10	10	10
Colombia	75	25	45	15	10	0
El Salvador	45	15	30	10	0	0
Guyana	85	50	35	10	0	10
Haiti	20	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	425	225	205	15	0	15
Mexico	75	15	55	45	20	20
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	125	80	45	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	590	290	300	560	235	320
Other places of birth in Americas	280	175	110	45	20	30
Europe	6,860	3,330	3,530	1,730	945	785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	10	10	0
Croatia	100	50	55	10	10	0
France	30	20	10	80	50	30
Germany	335	155	180	440	245	195
Greece	95	50	45	0	0	0
Hungary	185	90	95	40	25	20
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	40	55	35	25	15
Italy	830	430	405	40	20	15
Netherlands	525	285	240	135	70	65
Poland	1,135	490	650	35	10	15
Portugal	375	190	185	10	10	0
Romania	155	70	80	10	0	10
Russian Federation	30	15	15	25	10	20
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	75	40	40	0	0	0
Ukraine	65	25	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	2,320	1,130	1,185	520	260	250
Other places of birth in Europe	475	225	250	355	215	140
Africa	340	185	155	175	125	50
Algeria	10	0	10	10	0	0
Egypt	40	20	25	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kenya	45	25	20	10	10	0
Morocco	10	10	0	10	10	0
Nigeria	20	10	10	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	10	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Africa	190	100	95	45	35	15
Asia	4,000	1,895	2,110	1,695	675	1,010
Afghanistan	35	10	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	35	15	20	10	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 59}	375	160	215	230	80	150
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	40	25	15	15	10	0
India	1,515	740	775	110	50	60
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	15	10	0	15	10	10
Iraq	40	20	20	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	0	20	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	95	40	55	50	25	30
Lebanon	60	20	40	0	0	0
Pakistan	315	170	145	25	10	15
Philippines	575	240	335	1,010	385	625
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	15	0	10
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	10	10	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Viet Nam	535	255	285	60	25	35
Other places of birth in Asia	325	160	165	120	55	70
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	75	50	30	110	40	70
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	985	475	510	1,115	470	640
Americas	175	105	65	85	25	55
Brazil	10	10	0	10	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	25	10	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	60	45	20	35	15	25
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	0	0	0
Europe	110	50	60	170	85	85
France	0	0	0	40	20	20
Germany	0	0	0	60	25	35
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	10	15	10	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Romania	20	10	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	50	30	20	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	10	20	35	20	20
Africa	80	45	40	15	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	10	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	30	10	10	0
Asia	610	270	345	835	345	495
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	60	20	40	40	20	25
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	235	110	120	40	10	25
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	0	15	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	25	15	10
Lebanon	10	0	15	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	30	15	10	20	10	10
Philippines	140	75	70	635	245	390
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	60	20	40	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	20	50	20	30
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	10	10	10
Australia	0	10	0	10	0	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,110	17,640	17,470
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	13,785	6,715	7,065	5,055	2,460	2,590
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	18,335	8,860	9,475	5,570	2,735	2,835
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	64,410	31,265	33,145	24,490	12,450	12,045
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	7,280	3,495	3,785	3,155	1,420	1,740
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,780	1,415	1,365	2,045	990	1,055
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,070	675	395	1,015	565	450
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,715	740	975	1,030	420	605
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	3,330	1,410	1,915	980	340	635
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,155	655	495	125	85	45
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	15	15	0	10	10	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,115	17,645	17,465
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	5,430	2,505	2,925	8,195	3,960	4,230
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	5,255	2,425	2,830	7,925	3,815	4,110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	4,390	1,930	2,460	6,685	3,315	3,370
Métis	845	490	355	1,015	430	590
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	15	230	75	150
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	90	40	45	160	85	75
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	90	30	55	105	60	45
Non-Aboriginal identity	91,095	44,335	46,765	26,915	13,685	13,235
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	96,525	46,835	49,690	35,110	17,645	17,465
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	3,195	1,365	1,830	5,910	2,990	2,920
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	93,335	45,470	47,865	29,200	14,655	14,550
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,115	17,645	17,470
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	1,500	625	880	3,740	1,860	1,880
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	1,470	605	870	3,650	1,810	1,840
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	1,400	575	825	3,405	1,705	1,695
Métis single ancestry	65	30	35	150	65	90
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	95	35	55
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	10	85	50	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	35	20	10	30	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	55	35	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,945	2,345	2,605	4,585	2,140	2,440
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	4,825	2,275	2,550	4,325	2,035	2,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,065	1,895	2,170	3,515	1,680	1,840
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	740	375	365	660	285	375
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	15	145	70	80
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	120	65	50	260	110	155
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	100	55	45	160	65	105
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	90	40	50
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	20	10	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	90,080	43,875	46,210	26,790	13,645	13,145
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,115	17,645	17,470
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	9,485	4,735	4,750	3,000	1,345	1,650
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	3,130	1,575	1,555	500	275	225
Chinese	795	360	435	415	170	240
Black	2,025	1,055	965	270	120	150
Filipino	755	360	400	1,190	480	710
Latin American	445	210	235	130	75	60
Arab	435	215	225	10	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,055	510	540	180	80	100
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	55	25	25	30	20	10
Korean	225	105	120	70	20	50
Japanese	50	25	20	65	35	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	190	105	90	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	320	185	135	120	60	60
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	87,040	42,100	44,945	32,110	16,295	15,815
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	96,530	46,835	49,695	35,115	17,645	17,470
North American Aboriginal origins	6,445	2,960	3,485	8,320	4,000	4,325
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,600	2,545	3,050	7,255	3,535	3,725
Inuit	45	15	30	390	195	200
Métis	955	485	465	1,020	430	590
Other North American origins	32,395	15,440	16,955	9,335	4,775	4,565
Acadian	165	85	85	165	65	95
American	1,110	450	665	675	310	365
Canadian	31,320	14,995	16,325	8,635	4,460	4,180
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	215	90	125	65	30	35
Nova Scotian	35	10	30	10	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	10
Québécois	50	40	10	85	40	50
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	40	20	20	0	0	0
European origins	71,405	34,535	36,865	24,990	12,525	12,465
British Isles origins	50,670	24,200	26,475	17,525	8,740	8,780
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	31,230	14,720	16,510	9,680	4,850	4,825
Irish	18,785	8,885	9,900	6,930	3,310	3,615
Manx	30	25	10	10	0	10
Scottish	21,730	10,275	11,455	8,290	4,065	4,235
Welsh	2,230	1,075	1,155	905	425	480
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,140	1,515	1,625	1,235	595	640
French origins	9,790	4,635	5,160	5,060	2,455	2,605
Alsatian	0	10	10	0	10	0
Breton	0	0	0	15	10	10
Corsican	0	10	10	0	0	0
French	9,785	4,630	5,160	5,035	2,440	2,600
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,930	8,695	9,230	7,690	3,805	3,885
Austrian	435	220	210	365	180	185
Bavarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Belgian	755	330	425	175	85	90
Dutch	6,085	3,050	3,035	1,765	815	945
Flemish	20	20	0	10	0	10
Frisian	50	15	30	15	0	15
German	11,775	5,680	6,105	5,575	2,765	2,810
Luxembourger	20	15	10	10	0	0
Swiss	260	130	130	435	265	170
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	0	30	0	30
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,755	865	890	3,335	1,625	1,710
Danish	530	270	265	555	275	280
Finnish	300	145	160	275	135	145
Icelandic	50	15	35	215	125	85
Norwegian	380	220	165	1,380	690	690
Swedish	440	210	230	1,100	510	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	120	45	70	205	110	95
Eastern European origins	12,670	6,195	6,475	4,495	2,190	2,305
Bulgarian	70	60	10	45	15	30
Byelorussian	60	40	20	20	10	0
Czech	290	150	135	180	110	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	125	65	60	40	10	30
Estonian	105	40	60	15	15	0
Hungarian	2,985	1,545	1,440	485	250	235
Latvian	80	40	35	50	25	20
Lithuanian	175	80	95	35	15	25
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	5,495	2,590	2,900	1,140	530	605
Romanian	485	220	265	130	60	75
Russian	660	315	345	820	365	460
Slovak	270	150	120	110	60	55
Ukrainian	3,525	1,735	1,790	2,205	1,055	1,145
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	15	10	35	20	20
Southern European origins	10,305	5,250	5,060	1,490	690	795
Albanian	60	30	30	10	0	0
Bosnian	20	10	10	20	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	345	175	170	55	25	35
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	495	240	250	90	50	40
Italian	6,495	3,370	3,125	915	400	520
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	35	25	10	15	15	0
Maltese	410	220	190	10	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,685	885	800	70	30	35
Serbian	265	135	130	10	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	10	10	0	10
Slovenian	105	55	50	45	15	30
Spanish	680	300	380	270	140	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	200	100	100	30	15	15
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	380	165	215	450	175	280
Basque	0	0	0	20	0	20
Jewish	185	85	105	150	50	100
Roma (Gypsy)	10	10	0	10	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	10	30	10	20
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	180	70	105	250	115	130
Caribbean origins	1,735	950	795	165	70	95
Antiguan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	0	10	10	0	0
Barbadian	110	65	50	10	0	0
Bermudan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	45	15	30	15	0	0
Dominican	60	45	20	0	0	0
Grenadian	45	30	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Jamaican	1,035	525	510	95	40	50
Kittitian/Nevisian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	10	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	225	140	85	20	0	15
Vincentian/Grenadinian	25	15	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	115	65	50	15	10	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	60	25	35	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	915	445	470	215	110	105
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	35	20	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	35	15	20
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	105	45	60	20	10	10
Chilean	10	0	0	25	20	10
Colombian	105	40	65	25	15	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Guatemalan	50	25	20	0	10	0
Guyanese	225	115	105	10	0	10
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	10	10	0	10
Maya	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mexican	135	65	75	90	50	40
Nicaraguan	50	10	35	0	0	0
Panamanian	10	10	10	10	0	0
Paraguayan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	75	45	30	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	55	35	25	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	20	15	0	0	0	0
African origins	955	460	495	350	165	185
Central and West African origins	110	65	50	60	30	25
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	25	30	10	10	10
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	25	10	15	15	10	10
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0	10	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	20	15	0	30	20	10
North African origins	195	105	95	35	15	20
Algerian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	115	55	65	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	20	0	15
Moroccan	35	35	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	35	10	20	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	190	85	105	125	60	65
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	15	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	10	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	10	10	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	20	10	15	15	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	15	15	10
South African	70	35	35	60	20	35
Tanzanian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	75	35	40	0	10	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other African origins	500	230	270	135	60	75
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	110	40	70	0	0	10
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	395	195	195	130	55	75
Asian origins	7,170	3,555	3,615	2,855	1,260	1,595
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	810	380	430	195	110	85
Afghan	55	35	25	0	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	100	50	50	15	10	10
Armenian	115	45	65	25	15	15
Assyrian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	55	30	25	20	10	10
Iraqi	55	25	35	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	110	50	60	60	45	15
Palestinian	190	95	95	0	0	0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Syrian	45	10	35	0	0	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	10	0	0
Turk	45	20	30	30	15	15
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	0	10	20	10	10
Yemeni	20	10	15	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	20	10	10	0	0	10
South Asian origins	3,240	1,635	1,605	460	265	200
Bangladeshi	35	0	30	30	15	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	2,555	1,310	1,245	315	160	160
Goan	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	10	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	10	0
Pakistani	335	185	150	60	25	30
Punjabi	300	160	140	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	50	20	30	20	20	10
Tamil	10	10	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	105	55	45	0	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,170	1,555	1,615	2,180	890	1,285
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese	1,045	485	555	625	240	380
Filipino	880	430	450	1,330	550	780
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	90	65	30	20	0	15
Japanese	75	45	25	95	50	45
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	255	115	140	80	25	55
Laotian	135	70	70	0	0	0
Malaysian	25	15	10	45	10	40
Mongolian	20	15	0	10	10	10
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	25	10	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	855	410	440	85	50	40
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	10	0	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	15	10	10	25	0	25
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	15	10	0	25	0	25
Oceania origins	125	60	65	170	80	90
Australian	105	50	60	80	35	50
New Zealander	10	10	0	65	30	35
Pacific Islands origins	10	10	0	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	15	10	0	20	20	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
Owner	26,705	...	...	9,680	...	...
Renter	12,750	...	...	5,005	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
Condominium	3,470	...	...	1,495	...	...
Not condominium	35,985	...	...	13,720	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	39,460	...	...	15,215	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	125	...	...
1 bedroom	4,205	...	...	2,515	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,780	...	...	4,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,395	...	...	5,065	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,905	...	...	3,215	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	39,460	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,055	...	...	5,160	...	...
5 rooms	5,485	...	...	2,675	...	...
6 rooms	6,475	...	...	2,340	...	...
7 rooms	6,405	...	...	1,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,040	...	...	3,285	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,165	...	...	14,970	...	...
More than 1 person per room	295	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
Suitable	37,980	...	...	14,490	...	...
Not suitable	1,475	...	...	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	39,460	...	...	15,215	...	...
1960 or before	13,980	...	...	1,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,920	...	...	4,625	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,330	...	...	2,330	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,475	...	...	2,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,080	...	...	1,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,095	...	...	1,435	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,585	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	39,460	...	...	15,215	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	36,615	...	...	13,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,845	...	...	1,900	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
1 household maintainer	23,605	...	...	9,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	15,135	...	...	5,690	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	715	...	...	460	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	39,455	...	...	15,215	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,105	...	...	420	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,540	...	...	2,390	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,700	...	...	2,810	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,745	...	...	3,275	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,945	...	...	3,605	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,845	...	...	1,875	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,240	...	...	680	...	...
85 years and over	1,330	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	39,435	...	...	14,550	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,385	...	...	11,865	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,050	...	...	2,680	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,220	...	...	2,345	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,705	...	...	9,590	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.8	...	...	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.6	...	...	12.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,147	...	...	1,239	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,181	...	...	1,325	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	279,494	...	...	358,721	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	298,642	...	...	371,716	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,750	...	...	5,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.5	...	...	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.2	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	895	...	...	967	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	923	...	...	1,038	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	79,070	38,020	41,050	28,875	14,310	14,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,135	8,765	8,365	4,715	2,635	2,080
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	25,525	12,325	13,195	6,835	3,325	3,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,410	16,925	19,485	17,335	8,350	8,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,760	4,055	1,705	3,145	2,450	695
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,880	1,775	1,105	1,230	785	445
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,875	2,280	600	1,915	1,665	255
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	19,185	7,845	11,340	6,120	2,520	3,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	495	540	825	320	500
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	10,430	4,535	5,895	7,250	3,060	4,195
Bachelor's degree	7,390	3,020	4,370	4,790	1,955	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	345	460	435	175	260
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	190	55	190	115	75
Master's degree	1,780	840	940	1,695	745	955
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	220	145	80	135	65	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	51,625	24,975	26,645	21,030	10,190	10,845
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,315	4,095	3,220	2,255	1,400	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	16,295	8,230	8,060	4,400	2,065	2,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,015	12,650	15,365	14,375	6,730	7,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,020	2,825	1,200	2,400	1,875	520
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,005	1,245	760	885	560	325
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,015	1,580	435	1,510	1,320	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	15,160	6,145	9,015	4,975	2,020	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	710	350	360	665	250	410
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	8,135	3,335	4,795	6,340	2,575	3,765
Bachelor's degree	5,805	2,280	3,525	4,190	1,660	2,530
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	645	265	380	380	140	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	110	50	165	90	75
Master's degree	1,345	575	775	1,500	625	870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175	105	70	110	55	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	79,070	38,015	41,050	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	42,660	21,095	21,565	11,545	5,960	5,585
Education	2,265	605	1,660	1,545	505	1,040
13. Education	2,265	610	1,660	1,545	505	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,400	665	735	525	215	305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	230	85	60	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	1,085	435	650	465	170	295
Humanities	1,850	700	1,150	840	375	470
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	135	40	90	90	15	70
23. English language and literature/letters	420	105	315	215	100	115
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	540	190	350	230	95	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	25	70	45	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	160	135	95	70	25
54. History	320	155	165	120	40	80
55. French language and literature/letters	70	0	65	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,755	1,060	2,695	2,095	705	1,390
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30	60	10	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	115	210	170	45	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	85	970	400	30	365
22. Legal professions and studies	525	150	375	290	140	150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	10	55	45	10	35
42. Psychology	525	115	410	285	80	200
45. Social sciences	1,225	585	640	845	395	455
Business, management and public administration	6,745	2,465	4,280	3,310	960	2,350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	185	870	525	125	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,660	2,265	3,395	2,785	835	1,955
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,055	555	500	690	360	330
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	155	200	380	195	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	110	130	95	45	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	10	15	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	365	255	110	185	100	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	50	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	595	375	405	200	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	500	245	285	170	120
25. Library science	65	10	55	45	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	65	70	25	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,920	7,460	460	3,575	3,250	325
04. Architecture and related services	245	200	45	90	70	25
14. Engineering	820	705	120	470	365	100
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,885	1,735	150	520	455	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	1,330	1,280	50	1,210	1,150	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,080	2,035	50	990	955	40
48. Precision production	1,555	1,505	50	280	255	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	315	265	815	465	355
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	370	180	180	125	70	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	125	80	695	395	300
Health and related fields	6,725	970	5,755	2,200	515	1,690
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	555	265	290	215	90	125
51. Health professions and related programs	6,100	645	5,450	1,945	405	1,545
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	70	60	10	40	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,115	1,525	1,585	1,330	800	525
12. Personal and culinary services	1,560	295	1,265	640	215	425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,005	715	295	225	160	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	540	515	25	455	420	35
Other	35	10	30	0	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	30	10	10	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	51,625	24,980	26,650	21,030	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	23,605	12,325	11,280	6,655	3,460	3,195
Education	1,595	380	1,220	1,245	380	860
13. Education	1,595	380	1,215	1,250	385	865
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	510	575	480	200	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	170	60	55	50	10
50. Visual and performing arts	855	345	510	425	150	270
Humanities	1,395	505	890	675	300	380
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	95	30	60	70	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	315	75	245	190	90	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	440	145	290	165	65	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	55	35	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	100	95	85	70	15
54. History	245	120	125	95	25	70
55. French language and literature/letters	50	0	50	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,985	795	2,195	1,845	620	1,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	280	100	180	150	40	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	875	60	820	320	20	300
22. Legal professions and studies	455	105	345	280	130	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	40	0	40	40	10	35
42. Psychology	380	75	305	245	70	175
45. Social sciences	940	450	490	755	340	415
Business, management and public administration	5,320	1,895	3,420	2,750	750	1,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	150	775	430	95	340
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,375	1,740	2,640	2,315	655	1,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	815	420	390	615	310	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	110	170	330	165	165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	100	85	85	40	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	20	0	10	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	285	190	95	165	85	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	30	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	800	510	290	335	165	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	635	440	195	265	150	115
25. Library science	45	0	40	35	10	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	65	50	30	0	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,875	5,500	370	2,815	2,525	285
04. Architecture and related services	185	140	50	75	55	25
14. Engineering	595	495	105	385	295	85
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,460	1,340	120	415	360	60
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	15
46. Construction trades	980	935	40	1,000	940	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,535	1,505	30	735	695	35
48. Precision production	1,110	1,085	30	190	175	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	240	250	735	405	330
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	300	125	180	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	110	65	625	350	280
Health and related fields	5,265	730	4,540	1,840	435	1,400
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	420	180	235	185	75	115
51. Health professions and related programs	4,805	510	4,290	1,620	350	1,275
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	45	35	10	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,365	1,175	1,200	1,040	625	415
12. Personal and culinary services	1,100	210	890	510	175	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	10	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	810	530	280	180	125	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	430	20	345	320	25
Other	30	10	30	10	10	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	25	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	79,070	38,020	41,050	28,880	14,315	14,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,660	21,095	21,565	11,545	5,960	5,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	36,410	16,925	19,485	17,335	8,350	8,985
Location of study inside Canada	32,395	14,770	17,625	14,515	6,955	7,560
Same as province or territory of residence	31,135	14,155	16,985	3,915	1,885	2,030
Different than province or territory of residence	1,255	620	640	10,600	5,065	5,535
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,015	2,155	1,860	2,815	1,400	1,425
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	820	430	385	635	345	285
Philippines	315	135	180	570	210	360
India	555	295	260	105	65	40
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	620	400	225	265	115	150
China^{Census data footnote 162}	140	60	80	40	15	20
France	20	15	10	65	35	25
Other	1,545	820	725	1,145	610	535
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	51,625	24,980	26,645	21,035	10,190	10,845
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,605	12,325	11,285	6,655	3,460	3,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	28,015	12,650	15,365	14,380	6,730	7,650
Location of study inside Canada	25,330	11,325	14,005	12,045	5,585	6,465
Same as province or territory of residence	24,360	10,870	13,490	3,120	1,450	1,665
Different than province or territory of residence	975	460	510	8,925	4,130	4,795
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,690	1,325	1,365	2,335	1,145	1,185
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	575	280	295	460	245	215
Philippines	255	95	160	550	205	340
India	490	260	230	85	55	30
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	205	115	85	185	90	90
China^{Census data footnote 162}	120	55	70	25	10	20
France	15	0	0	55	30	20
Other	1,035	520	520	975	505	470
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	79,070	38,020	41,050	28,880	14,315	14,565
In the labour force	50,330	25,920	24,415	21,795	11,005	10,795
Employed	46,895	24,245	22,655	19,790	9,765	10,025
Unemployed	3,440	1,670	1,765	2,010	1,240	765
Not in the labour force	28,740	12,100	16,635	7,085	3,310	3,775
Participation rate	63.7	68.2	59.5	75.5	76.9	74.1
Employment rate	59.3	63.8	55.2	68.5	68.2	68.8
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.4	7.2	9.2	11.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	79,070	38,015	41,055	28,880	14,310	14,570
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	27,285	11,470	15,810	5,980	2,790	3,190
Worked	51,790	26,545	25,240	22,900	11,525	11,375
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	28,165	16,120	12,050	10,865	5,465	5,405
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	23,620	10,430	13,190	12,030	6,060	5,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	44.0	42.5	41.1	40.3	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	50,330	25,915	24,420	21,800	11,005	10,790
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	950	405	550	395	220	175
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	49,385	25,515	23,870	21,405	10,785	10,615
Employee	45,490	23,120	22,370	18,810	9,165	9,645
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	3,895	2,390	1,500	2,595	1,620	975
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	50,335	25,915	24,415	21,795	11,005	10,795
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	945	400	545	395	220	175
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	49,385	25,515	23,870	21,405	10,790	10,615
0 Management occupations	4,195	2,410	1,785	2,460	1,325	1,135
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,535	2,020	4,510	3,465	740	2,725
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,205	1,815	390	1,385	1,055	330
3 Health occupations	3,190	505	2,680	1,230	255	970
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,970	1,400	3,570	3,625	1,280	2,345
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,085	475	610	790	345	450
6 Sales and service occupations	12,490	4,830	7,660	3,955	1,660	2,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,570	7,850	715	3,650	3,400	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	780	595	185	505	450	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,370	3,605	1,765	350	285	60
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	50,330	25,915	24,415	21,795	11,005	10,790
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	950	400	545	395	220	175
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	49,385	25,515	23,870	21,405	10,785	10,620
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	405	230	170	245	190	55
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	90	15	505	440	70
22 Utilities	295	210	85	160	115	50
23 Construction	3,325	2,870	455	2,055	1,810	240
31-33 Manufacturing	8,955	6,520	2,440	335	230	105
41 Wholesale trade	2,380	1,660	725	325	240	85
44-45 Retail trade	6,060	2,645	3,415	1,975	1,015	960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,705	1,935	770	1,060	765	300
51 Information and cultural industries	655	355	300	535	300	235
52 Finance and insurance	1,195	500	690	305	95	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	650	345	300	195	105	90
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,020	1,070	950	1,295	645	645
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	25	15	20	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,780	1,485	1,295	565	330	235
61 Educational services	3,275	880	2,395	1,630	520	1,115
62 Health care and social assistance	5,850	850	5,000	2,070	400	1,670
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,285	635	655	600	285	310
72 Accommodation and food services	3,585	1,235	2,355	1,545	605	940
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,155	1,085	1,075	775	415	355
91 Public administration	1,670	900	770	5,205	2,280	2,925
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	46,895	24,245	22,655	19,790	9,765	10,025
Worked at home	2,100	960	1,145	1,420	770	655
Worked outside Canada	115	100	15	25	10	20
No fixed workplace address	4,910	3,625	1,290	2,330	1,795	540
Worked at usual place	39,770	19,560	20,205	16,010	7,200	8,815
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	39,765	19,560	20,210	16,010	7,195	8,815
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,190	10,580	13,610	13,510	6,025	7,485
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,300	2,330	1,970	2,265	1,040	1,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	11,230	6,620	4,610	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	50	35	20	235	135	100
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	44,680	23,185	21,495	18,340	8,990	9,350
Car, truck, van - as a driver	36,785	19,450	17,340	13,990	7,130	6,860
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	3,565	1,700	1,860	1,095	385	710
Public transit	1,725	690	1,035	720	315	405
Walked	1,740	740	1,000	1,735	645	1,090
Bicycle	470	400	70	470	285	190
Other method	390	205	185	320	225	90
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	44,680	23,185	21,495	18,340	8,985	9,355
Less than 15 minutes	18,210	8,170	10,040	9,735	4,695	5,040
15 to 29 minutes	12,205	6,165	6,045	6,195	3,045	3,150
30 to 44 minutes	6,655	3,815	2,835	1,400	625	770
45 to 59 minutes	3,760	2,335	1,425	465	215	245
60 minutes and over	3,850	2,700	1,150	550	405	150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	44,680	23,180	21,495	18,340	8,990	9,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,845	2,790	1,055	520	335	180
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,055	5,655	3,400	1,930	1,150	780
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,030	4,980	5,050	6,185	3,220	2,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,950	2,880	5,075	5,785	2,450	3,335
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,010	1,535	2,480	1,905	805	1,100
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,790	5,345	4,440	2,015	1,020	990
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	53,460	27,375	26,085	23,495	11,810	11,685
Single responses	53,170	27,250	25,920	23,325	11,735	11,595
Official languages	53,015	27,170	25,840	23,230	11,695	11,540
English	52,830	27,130	25,700	22,970	11,600	11,370
French	185	40	145	260	95	165
Non-official languages	155	80	80	95	35	55
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	10	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	160	75	80	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	30	35	25	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	10	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	30	15	25	15	15
Chinese languages	45	30	15	25	15	15
Cantonese	25	15	10	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	290	125	160	165	75	90
English and French	80	30	50	75	35	40
English and non-official language	205	90	115	80	35	45
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	53,460	27,375	26,085	23,495	11,810	11,685
None	52,170	26,830	25,335	21,950	11,185	10,765
English	235	60	170	210	80	130
French	395	155	240	825	330	500
Non-official language	640	315	325	475	205	275
Aboriginal	10	0	10	175	70	105
Non-Aboriginal	630	315	320	305	135	170
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	25	10	15	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	95,350	46,270	49,075	34,705	17,450	17,250
Non-movers	82,040	39,895	42,150	28,875	14,450	14,430
Movers	13,310	6,375	6,930	5,825	3,005	2,825
Non-migrants	8,435	3,980	4,460	3,635	1,895	1,740
Migrants	4,870	2,400	2,470	2,190	1,110	1,085
Internal migrants	4,620	2,280	2,340	1,945	990	955
Intraprovincial migrants	4,290	2,115	2,170	545	265	285
Interprovincial migrants	330	165	170	1,400	725	670
External migrants	245	120	130	250	115	130
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	90,900	44,115	46,780	32,990	16,505	16,480
Non-movers	56,065	27,135	28,935	18,040	9,060	8,980
Movers	34,840	16,985	17,850	14,945	7,450	7,495
Non-migrants	21,145	10,260	10,885	8,245	4,195	4,050
Migrants	13,690	6,725	6,960	6,700	3,260	3,445
Internal migrants	12,515	6,135	6,380	5,515	2,675	2,830
Intraprovincial migrants	11,700	5,740	5,965	1,235	590	640
Interprovincial migrants	810	395	420	4,285	2,090	2,195
External migrants	1,175	595	585	1,190	575	615

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Brantford [Population centre], Ontario and Yukon [Territory] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 24, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brantford [Population centre], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Brantford [Population centre], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brantford [Population centre], Ontario and Yukon [Territory]