Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia and Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Bridgewater Nova Scotia [Population centre]			Markham--Stouffville Ontario [Federal electoral district]
	Data quality , Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia Map : Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia Change geography 1			Data quality : Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,532	...	...	126,064	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	8,241 ^r	...	...	109,780	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.5	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	4,299	...	...	41,171	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	4,077	...	...	40,298	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	625.9	...	...	446.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	13.63	...	...	282.59	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,530	3,900	4,630	126,065	61,415	64,650
0 to 14 years	1,120	575	540	24,995	12,735	12,260
0 to 4 years	340	180	155	7,970	4,065	3,905
5 to 9 years	385	190	195	8,810	4,500	4,315
10 to 14 years	400	210	190	8,210	4,170	4,035
15 to 64 years	5,115	2,410	2,705	81,990	39,935	42,055
15 to 19 years	450	215	235	7,600	3,885	3,720
20 to 24 years	425	205	220	6,925	3,625	3,300
25 to 29 years	465	230	235	6,255	3,120	3,135
30 to 34 years	465	220	245	7,900	3,685	4,215
35 to 39 years	430	190	235	9,225	4,235	4,990
40 to 44 years	475	235	240	10,085	4,940	5,145
45 to 49 years	540	250	295	9,465	4,635	4,830
50 to 54 years	625	285	335	9,195	4,505	4,685
55 to 59 years	635	305	325	8,145	3,925	4,225
60 to 64 years	610	270	340	7,195	3,380	3,815
65 years and over	2,300	915	1,385	19,080	8,740	10,340
65 to 69 years	620	265	360	6,500	3,095	3,405
70 to 74 years	505	205	300	4,625	2,220	2,405
75 to 79 years	430	195	240	3,295	1,570	1,725
80 to 84 years	355	125	225	2,360	1,030	1,330
85 years and over	390	130	265	2,305	825	1,475
85 to 89 years	215	75	145	1,450	550	900
90 to 94 years	135	45	90	645	225	420
95 to 99 years	35	10	30	185	40	140
100 years and over	5	0	5	25	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.1	14.7	11.7	19.8	20.7	19.0
15 to 64 years	60.0	61.8	58.4	65.0	65.0	65.1
65 years and over	27.0	23.5	29.9	15.1	14.2	16.0
85 years and over	4.6	3.3	5.7	1.8	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	46.8	44.6	48.6	39.3	38.5	40.2
Median age of the population	49.2	46.6	51.3	40.1	39.4	40.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	4,075	...	...	40,295	...	...
Single-detached house	2,025	...	...	28,395	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70	...	...	945	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,515	...	...	10,955	...	...
Semi-detached house	215	...	...	2,710	...	...
Row house	80	...	...	5,720	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	105	...	...	1,165	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,095	...	...	1,345	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	15	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	470	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	4,075	...	...	40,295	...	...
1 person	1,490	...	...	5,485	...	...
2 persons	1,635	...	...	10,920	...	...
3 persons	510	...	...	7,860	...	...
4 persons	305	...	...	9,695	...	...
5 or more persons	145	...	...	6,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,270	...	...	124,890	...	...
Average household size	2.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	7,415	3,325	4,085	101,070	48,680	52,395
Married or living common law	4,085	2,035	2,045	65,900	32,855	33,045
Married	3,175	1,580	1,595	61,485	30,650	30,835
Living common law	905	455	450	4,420	2,200	2,215
Not married and not living common law	3,330	1,285	2,040	35,175	15,825	19,350
Never married	1,730	865	865	24,230	12,825	11,405
Separated	275	105	170	1,985	730	1,255
Divorced	595	210	385	4,005	1,375	2,625
Widowed	730	110	620	4,955	890	4,065
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,480	...	...	36,480	...	...
2 persons	1,595	...	...	13,725	...	...
3 persons	485	...	...	8,755	...	...
4 persons	285	...	...	10,390	...	...
5 or more persons	110	...	...	3,605	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,480	...	...	36,480	...	...
Total couple families	1,995	...	...	32,205	...	...
Married couples	1,540	...	...	29,995	...	...
Common-law couples	455	...	...	2,210	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	485	...	...	4,275	...	...
Female parent	400	...	...	3,410	...	...
Male parent	75	...	...	865	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,995	...	...	32,205	...	...
Couples without children	1,270	...	...	11,275	...	...
Couples with children	720	...	...	20,930	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	7,390	...	...
2 children	260	...	...	10,025	...	...
3 or more children	100	...	...	3,520	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	485	...	...	4,275	...	...
1 child	320	...	...	2,455	...	...
2 children	125	...	...	1,365	...	...
3 or more children	35	...	...	455	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,895	740	1,150	10,835	4,195	6,635
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	4,075	...	...	40,295	...	...
One-census-family households	2,425	...	...	31,960	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,255	...	...	9,320	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,175	...	...	22,645	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	20	...	...	2,205	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,625	...	...	6,130	...	...
One-person households	1,485	...	...	5,490	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	135	...	...	645	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,330	3,855	4,470	125,015	61,095	63,915
English only	7,670	3,585	4,085	110,925	55,200	55,720
French only	5	0	0	65	25	35
English and French	650	265	380	8,585	3,630	4,955
Neither English nor French	10	0	0	5,445	2,240	3,200
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,325	3,855	4,475	125,015	61,095	63,920
English	8,200	3,790	4,415	117,545	57,945	59,600
French	110	55	55	1,205	540	665
English and French	15	5	5	890	405	485
Neither English nor French	5	5	0	5,375	2,210	3,165
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	115	60	55	1,650	745	910
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,330	3,850	4,475	125,015	61,100	63,915
Single responses	8,290	3,835	4,455	120,095	58,720	61,375
Official languages	8,075	3,720	4,355	69,455	34,590	34,860
English	7,960	3,660	4,295	68,350	34,105	34,245
French	115	55	60	1,100	485	615
Non-official languages	220	115	100	50,645	24,125	26,520
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	5
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	215	120	100	50,645	24,125	26,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	1,305	655	650
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	25	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	1,270	635	635
Amharic	0	0	0	35	15	20
Arabic	15	5	5	1,140	570	570
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	440	205	235
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	5	15
Vietnamese	5	5	5	420	200	220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	0	2,395	950	1,445
Bikol	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	65	25	40
Fijian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ilocano	0	0	0	60	20	40
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	110	55	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	0	2,065	815	1,260
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	100	50	50
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	6,920	3,355	3,570
Kannada	0	0	0	45	20	20
Malayalam	5	5	0	315	160	155
Tamil	0	0	0	6,360	3,075	3,285
Telugu	0	0	0	200	95	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	80	70	16,485	8,020	8,460
Albanian	0	0	0	70	35	40
Armenian	0	0	0	445	230	220
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	2,175	1,035	1,140
Baltic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Latvian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	20	5	10
Slavic languages	15	10	10	2,125	1,015	1,110
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	60	30	25
Croatian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Czech	5	0	5	65	35	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	795	395	405
Polish	5	0	0	415	195	220
Russian	5	0	0	410	180	225
Serbian	5	5	5	115	65	55
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	45	10	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	20	20
Ukrainian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	35	25	1,025	480	550
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	5	5
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	10
Dutch	10	5	5	220	110	110
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
German	45	20	25	735	330	400
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Swedish	5	0	0	15	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0	1,235	610	620
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	10	7,115	3,480	3,640
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	10	6,150	2,990	3,165
Bengali	0	0	0	280	140	140
Gujarati	5	0	0	1,445	710	735
Hindi	5	5	5	815	395	415
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0	30	15	15
Marathi	5	0	0	95	45	50
Nepali	0	0	0	25	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	0	980	480	505
Sindhi	0	0	0	180	95	80
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	185	90	100
Urdu	5	5	0	2,105	1,005	1,095
Iranian languages	5	0	0	940	475	460
Kurdish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	95	50	45
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	830	420	415
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	4,400	2,155	2,250
Catalan	0	0	0	5	0	5
Italian	0	0	0	2,575	1,290	1,285
Portuguese	15	5	10	465	225	240
Romanian	0	0	0	350	155	200
Spanish	25	10	10	1,000	480	520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	125	40	85
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	5	445	195	250
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	105	45	60
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shona	0	0	0	10	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	5	10	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	20	15	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	15	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	21,740	10,335	11,410
Chinese languages	20	10	5	21,720	10,325	11,400
Cantonese	10	5	5	14,245	6,845	7,395
Hakka	0	0	0	410	180	225
Mandarin	10	5	5	6,320	2,955	3,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	320	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	140	65	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	275	125	150
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0	20	5	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	50	20	35
Lao	0	0	0	25	10	20
Thai	5	0	5	25	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	135	75	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	20	15	10
Turkish	5	5	5	85	50	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Uralic languages	5	0	5	365	160	200
Estonian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Finnish	5	0	0	95	40	55
Hungarian	0	0	0	225	105	125
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Multiple responses	35	20	20	4,920	2,380	2,535
English and French	25	10	15	320	140	175
English and non-official language	10	5	5	4,390	2,140	2,250
French and non-official language	0	0	0	85	40	40
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	120	60	65
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,325	3,855	4,475	125,015	61,100	63,915
Single responses	8,255	3,815	4,440	113,830	55,655	58,175
Official languages	8,180	3,775	4,400	85,030	41,900	43,125
English	8,145	3,760	4,385	84,560	41,690	42,870
French	35	20	15	470	215	255
Non-official languages	80	35	40	28,805	13,755	15,050
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	75	35	40	28,805	13,755	15,055
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	505	240	265
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	5	5	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	5	485	230	255
Amharic	0	0	0	10	0	5
Arabic	10	5	5	450	210	235
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	15	10	10
Hebrew	0	0	0	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	155	75	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	150	70	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	810	360	450
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	25	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	35	15	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	720	320	400
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,325	2,025	2,305
Kannada	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tamil	0	0	0	4,090	1,900	2,185
Telugu	0	0	0	80	40	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	25	20	6,260	2,975	3,285
Albanian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0	200	105	90
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	725	360	370
Baltic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	725	360	365
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Croatian	0	0	0	10	5	0
Czech	0	0	0	15	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	125	135
Polish	0	0	0	155	80	75
Russian	0	0	0	215	105	110
Serbian	0	0	0	20	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	5	10	105	50	55
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Dutch	0	0	0	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	5	10	85	40	40
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	335	160	175
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	3,515	1,670	1,850
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	3,025	1,430	1,595
Bengali	0	0	0	155	75	80
Gujarati	0	0	0	785	365	410
Hindi	5	5	0	320	150	160
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	0
Marathi	0	0	0	40	20	20
Nepali	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	545	250	295
Sindhi	0	0	0	65	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	85	40	50
Urdu	0	0	0	1,005	480	525
Iranian languages	0	0	0	475	230	245
Kurdish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	0	0	0	60	25	30
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	415	200	215
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	1,360	630	735
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	590	265	330
Portuguese	5	5	5	95	45	50
Romanian	0	0	0	165	75	95
Spanish	5	5	5	500	245	255
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	40	20	25
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	5	0	5	250	125	125
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0	25	15	10
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	25	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	16,200	7,810	8,390
Chinese languages	10	5	5	16,190	7,810	8,390
Cantonese	5	0	0	10,605	5,090	5,510
Hakka	0	0	0	180	85	90
Mandarin	10	5	5	5,015	2,440	2,570
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	120	55	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	90	40	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	60	30	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	0	0	0	40	20	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	90	35	50
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	60	25	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	35	35	11,180	5,445	5,735
English and French	20	5	10	265	125	135
English and non-official language	50	25	20	10,650	5,200	5,450
French and non-official language	0	0	0	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language	5	5	0	225	100	125
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,325	3,855	4,475	125,015	61,095	63,920
None	8,055	3,725	4,330	96,215	47,255	48,960
English	55	30	30	12,315	6,120	6,195
French	120	50	65	970	395	575
Non-official language	90	45	45	15,010	7,125	7,890
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	90	45	45	15,015	7,120	7,890
English and French	0	0	0	75	40	40
English and non-official language	0	5	0	250	110	140
French and non-official language	5	5	0	175	60	110
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	7,155	3,245	3,905	99,925	48,320	51,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,925	3,145	3,775	95,170	45,960	49,205
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,160	34,148	23,076	37,645	44,881	31,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,925	3,150	3,780	95,195	45,975	49,225
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	25,149	30,539	22,080	33,954	39,769	29,224
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,895	2,760	3,135	86,970	42,890	44,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,847	31,994	19,248	37,338	45,367	30,747
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,405	2,250	3,160	66,730	28,880	37,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,988	9,102	8,940	2,561	956	3,854
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,435	2,185	2,255	72,780	37,065	35,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	24,151	28,688	21,339	39,603	46,448	33,940
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	7,155	3,245	3,905	99,930	48,235	51,700
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,895	3,120	3,770	95,190	45,850	49,340
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,025	41,594	29,593	53,015	63,966	42,838
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,900	3,120	3,780	95,220	45,860	49,365
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,978	34,940	25,880	42,930	50,395	35,995
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,800	2,720	3,085	87,010	42,810	44,200
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,889	39,694	26,877	53,178	64,833	41,890
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,405	2,230	3,180	66,725	28,655	38,075
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	9,348	9,751	9,066	6,284	5,488	6,883
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,440	2,170	2,270	72,800	36,960	35,845
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,255	38,212	26,565	53,623	63,872	43,055
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	7,150	3,245	3,910	99,930	48,235	51,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,900	1,005	895	37,025	20,875	16,145
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	43,824	51,308	36,747	60,475	66,836	53,863
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	49,086	55,292	42,124	74,560	83,568	62,914
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	79.6	84.2	74.2	91.6	94.5	87.6
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	60.0	63.8	55.5	77.4	80.5	73.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	20.4	15.8	25.9	8.4	5.5	12.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	7,155	3,245	3,905	99,925	48,325	51,600
Without total income	230	100	125	4,750	2,360	2,395
With total income	6,925	3,145	3,780	95,175	45,965	49,210
Percentage with total income	96.8	96.9	96.8	95.2	95.1	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	935	355	585	15,410	6,545	8,865
$10,000 to $19,999	1,505	505	995	14,820	6,260	8,565
$20,000 to $29,999	1,310	525	785	10,555	4,445	6,110
$30,000 to $39,999	935	420	510	8,855	3,830	5,025
$40,000 to $49,999	705	355	350	8,510	3,835	4,675
$50,000 to $59,999	500	310	190	7,000	3,315	3,690
$60,000 to $69,999	350	225	125	6,070	3,100	2,970
$70,000 to $79,999	235	155	80	4,975	2,690	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	150	90	65	4,030	2,260	1,765
$90,000 to $99,999	95	60	35	3,880	2,140	1,745
$100,000 and over	200	140	60	11,065	7,545	3,520
$100,000 to $149,999	140	95	45	7,315	4,745	2,570
$150,000 and over	60	45	15	3,750	2,805	945
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	7,150	3,245	3,910	99,925	48,325	51,605
Without after-tax income	225	100	130	4,725	2,350	2,375
With after-tax income	6,925	3,145	3,780	95,200	45,975	49,225
Percentage with after-tax income	96.9	96.9	96.7	95.3	95.1	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	985	360	630	15,835	6,665	9,170
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	540	1,040	15,425	6,540	8,880
$20,000 to $29,999	1,510	635	870	12,155	5,125	7,025
$30,000 to $39,999	1,110	505	600	10,750	4,755	5,990
$40,000 to $49,999	740	440	295	10,090	4,730	5,360
$50,000 to $59,999	435	290	145	8,045	4,100	3,940
$60,000 to $69,999	270	160	105	6,310	3,510	2,805
$70,000 to $79,999	130	85	45	5,390	3,025	2,365
$80,000 and over	170	125	50	11,200	7,520	3,680
$80,000 to $89,999	50	40	15	3,670	2,170	1,500
$90,000 to $99,999	40	25	15	2,105	1,400	705
$100,000 and over	80	55	20	5,420	3,945	1,475
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	7,155	3,245	3,905	99,925	48,325	51,600
Without employment income	2,715	1,060	1,655	27,145	11,255	15,885
With employment income	4,440	2,185	2,255	72,780	37,065	35,715
Percentage with employment income	62.1	67.3	57.7	72.8	76.7	69.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	795	385	405	8,895	4,110	4,790
$5,000 to $9,999	465	205	255	5,500	2,480	3,020
$10,000 to $19,999	685	280	405	8,920	4,190	4,725
$20,000 to $29,999	600	260	340	6,895	3,045	3,850
$30,000 to $39,999	515	225	285	6,435	2,870	3,570
$40,000 to $49,999	375	190	185	6,325	2,850	3,480
$50,000 to $59,999	300	180	115	5,345	2,645	2,700
$60,000 to $69,999	215	135	75	4,640	2,440	2,200
$70,000 to $79,999	165	100	65	3,945	2,175	1,770
$80,000 and over	335	220	110	15,875	10,260	5,615
$80,000 to $89,999	120	65	50	3,365	1,945	1,420
$90,000 to $99,999	75	45	30	3,430	1,840	1,585
$100,000 and over	135	110	25	9,080	6,470	2,605
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	4,075	...	...	40,300	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	46,836	...	...	102,961	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	42,473	...	...	88,527	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,490	...	...	5,490	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,626	...	...	46,275	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	24,171	...	...	40,582	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,590	...	...	34,810	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,840	...	...	113,150	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	56,843	...	...	96,820	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	4,075	...	...	40,310	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,207	...	...	125,201	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	50,710	...	...	101,421	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,485	...	...	5,495	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,189	...	...	60,203	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	29,062	...	...	49,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,595	...	...	34,805	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,047	...	...	135,469	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	63,056	...	...	109,675	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	4,075	...	...	40,295	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	390	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	410	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	315	...	...	620	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	330	...	...	850	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...	860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	275	...	...	1,005	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	265	...	...	1,065	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...	1,105	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	215	...	...	1,160	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	345	...	...	2,275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	320	...	...	2,285	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	245	...	...	2,410	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	220	...	...	2,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	165	...	...	2,395	...	...
$100,000 and over	605	...	...	20,835	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	270	...	...	5,400	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	155	...	...	4,410	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	115	...	...	5,760	...	...
$200,000 and over	60	...	...	5,255	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,080	...	...	40,300	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	275	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	425	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	330	...	...	650	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	355	...	...	935	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	950	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	320	...	...	1,135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...	1,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	285	...	...	1,385	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	230	...	...	1,360	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	415	...	...	2,855	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	335	...	...	2,895	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	240	...	...	3,035	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	190	...	...	3,030	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	130	...	...	2,830	...	...
$100,000 and over	355	...	...	16,880	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205	...	...	6,030	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	80	...	...	4,280	...	...
$150,000 and over	65	...	...	6,570	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,485	...	...	34,515	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,642	...	...	112,447	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	56,576	...	...	96,151	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,240	...	...	8,995	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,824	...	...	96,805	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	55,211	...	...	82,739	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	730	...	...	20,935	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,416	...	...	127,299	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	79,147	...	...	108,046	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	470	...	...	3,630	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	38,528	...	...	73,472	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	36,992	...	...	64,780	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,485	...	...	34,550	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,198	...	...	134,605	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	63,071	...	...	108,863	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,245	...	...	9,075	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,047	...	...	122,455	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,392	...	...	97,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	725	...	...	20,955	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,250	...	...	148,804	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	81,371	...	...	120,314	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	475	...	...	3,590	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,489	...	...	84,962	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,216	...	...	72,416	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,785	710	1,080	7,350	3,075	4,275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,880	26,048	23,792	40,120	43,424	38,629
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	23,520	24,128	23,002	35,889	38,067	34,837
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,770	685	1,085	7,375	3,035	4,335
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	32,272	30,876	33,154	53,725	57,196	51,293
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,311	26,980	29,152	44,341	46,315	42,959
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	8,265	3,815	4,450	124,885	61,040	63,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	5,570	2,480	3,085	46,195	22,140	24,050
In the bottom decile	1,145	510	625	7,065	3,450	3,615
In the second decile	1,405	580	825	8,905	4,155	4,750
In the third decile	1,130	510	620	9,370	4,475	4,900
In the fourth decile	1,000	470	530	9,605	4,660	4,950
In the fifth decile	890	410	480	11,240	5,405	5,830
In the top half of the distribution	2,700	1,335	1,365	78,695	38,890	39,800
In the sixth decile	785	395	395	12,125	5,935	6,185
In the seventh decile	765	375	390	13,910	6,700	7,205
In the eighth decile	560	280	280	16,035	7,855	8,180
In the ninth decile	310	155	160	18,120	9,020	9,095
In the top decile	270	130	135	18,515	9,380	9,135
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	8,265	3,820	4,450	124,890	61,035	63,855
0 to 17 years	1,370	690	685	29,625	15,075	14,545
0 to 5 years	415	215	200	9,660	4,925	4,730
18 to 64 years	4,775	2,250	2,520	77,165	37,475	39,690
65 years and over	2,120	875	1,245	18,095	8,480	9,615
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,850	775	1,075	11,370	5,465	5,900
0 to 17 years	420	215	205	3,170	1,635	1,535
0 to 5 years	165	80	85	1,020	535	485
18 to 64 years	995	425	570	6,680	3,200	3,480
65 years and over	440	135	300	1,525	635	885
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	22.4	20.3	24.2	9.1	9.0	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	30.7	31.2	29.9	10.7	10.8	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	39.8	37.2	42.5	10.6	10.9	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	20.8	18.9	22.6	8.7	8.5	8.8
65 years and over (%)	20.8	15.4	24.1	8.4	7.5	9.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	790	365	425	7,385	3,565	3,820
0 to 17 years	200	110	90	1,920	970	950
0 to 5 years	60	35	30	610	305	305
18 to 64 years	555	250	310	4,715	2,270	2,445
65 years and over	30	10	20	745	320	425
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6	5.9	5.8	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.6	15.9	13.1	6.5	6.4	6.5
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	16.3	15.0	6.3	6.2	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.1	12.3	6.1	6.1	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.1	1.6	4.1	3.8	4.4
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	8,270	3,820	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,845
Official languages	8,260	3,815	4,445	119,350	58,850	60,500
English	8,260	3,815	4,445	119,250	58,810	60,435
French	640	235	405	8,725	3,625	5,100
Non-official languages	330	170	165	62,830	29,885	32,940
Aboriginal languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	325	165	160	62,830	29,885	32,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,870	920	950
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,835	900	935
Amharic	0	0	0	65	35	30
Arabic	0	0	0	1,635	790	845
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	25	15	15
Hebrew	0	0	0	95	55	40
Maltese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	655	300	360
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Vietnamese	20	10	10	645	290	355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	15	0	2,920	1,165	1,760
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	120	60	65
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	70	25	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malay	0	0	0	150	80	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	30	15	20
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0	2,675	1,040	1,630
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	215	105	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	80	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Dravidian languages	25	25	10	9,215	4,520	4,695
Kannada	0	0	0	85	45	40
Malayalam	25	25	10	435	215	215
Tamil	10	0	10	8,460	4,155	4,305
Telugu	0	0	0	355	160	195
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	220	110	115	23,075	11,205	11,870
Albanian	0	0	0	105	40	65
Armenian	0	0	0	570	275	295
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	2,860	1,375	1,490
Baltic languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Slavic languages	20	15	10	2,815	1,360	1,455
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	50	20	30
Bulgarian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Croatian	0	0	0	125	50	65
Czech	0	0	0	85	45	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	1,200	580	615
Polish	0	10	0	485	235	255
Russian	10	0	10	540	245	295
Serbian	0	0	0	240	130	110
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	60	20	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ukrainian	0	0	10	110	50	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	0	0
Welsh	10	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	35	50	1,595	645	950
Afrikaans	15	10	15	115	45	70
Danish	0	0	0	30	15	20
Dutch	15	0	10	315	110	210
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	30	25	1,095	460	640
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Swedish	0	0	0	55	25	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	1,840	925	915
Indo-Iranian languages	45	25	20	10,220	5,090	5,130
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	9,155	4,510	4,640
Bengali	0	0	0	380	175	205
Gujarati	15	0	10	1,905	945	960
Hindi	15	10	0	3,315	1,630	1,685
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0	55	30	25
Marathi	10	10	0	195	100	95
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	0	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	15	1,740	895	845
Sindhi	0	0	0	265	120	140
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	395	205	190
Urdu	10	10	0	3,570	1,755	1,815
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,145	610	535
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	90	40	50
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	1,065	575	490
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	30	20
Italic (Romance) languages	70	40	30	6,495	3,115	3,380
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	3,655	1,820	1,835
Portuguese	15	10	10	730	340	390
Romanian	0	0	0	465	205	260
Spanish	45	25	20	1,835	865	970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	300	115	190
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	445	200	245
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	340	170	170
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	120	65	55
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	10
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	120	65	60
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	15	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	0	60	20	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	35	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	10	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	24,880	11,760	13,115
Chinese languages	15	10	10	24,880	11,760	13,120
Cantonese	0	0	10	17,785	8,425	9,360
Hakka	0	0	0	530	225	300
Mandarin	20	0	15	10,405	4,780	5,625
Min Dong	0	0	0	10	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	425	170	255
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	240	120	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	110	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Lao	0	0	0	35	10	25
Thai	0	0	0	25	15	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	255	135	115
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	40	25	15
Turkish	0	0	0	185	100	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	440	195	245
Estonian	0	0	0	50	20	35
Finnish	0	0	0	140	60	80
Hungarian	0	0	0	255	120	135
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	8,270	3,815	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,845
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	8,015	3,680	4,335	115,695	56,955	58,735
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,380	710	675	28,615	14,620	13,995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,635	2,970	3,665	87,075	42,335	44,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	245	135	110	9,145	4,040	5,110
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	8,265	3,820	4,450	124,845	60,995	63,845
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	7,760	3,560	4,200	70,790	35,485	35,305
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	430	205	225	52,940	25,015	27,920
Before 1981	250	140	105	11,890	5,810	6,080
1981 to 1990	15	10	10	8,240	4,015	4,225
1991 to 2000	25	10	25	16,060	7,765	8,300
2001 to 2010	85	25	55	12,615	5,645	6,975
2001 to 2005	35	0	30	7,390	3,415	3,975
2006 to 2010	50	20	30	5,225	2,225	3,000
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	55	20	35	4,135	1,785	2,345
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	80	55	20	1,110	495	620
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	430	205	225	52,940	25,020	27,925
Under 5 years	120	50	65	4,475	2,275	2,200
5 to 14 years	80	35	45	9,720	4,930	4,795
15 to 24 years	70	35	30	12,130	5,470	6,665
25 to 44 years	145	75	70	21,255	9,975	11,275
45 years and over	25	10	20	5,355	2,365	2,990
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	430	205	225	52,940	25,020	27,925
Americas	105	45	60	5,305	2,435	2,875
Brazil	10	0	0	130	50	75
Colombia	0	0	0	145	65	80
El Salvador	0	0	0	45	25	25
Guyana	0	0	0	1,120	520	600
Haiti	0	0	0	40	20	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,415	630	785
Mexico	10	0	0	135	65	70
Peru	0	0	0	130	60	70
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	615	295	320
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	75	35	45	815	380	435
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	720	325	395
Europe	210	110	100	8,700	4,260	4,435
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	50	35	15
Croatia	0	0	0	60	30	30
France	10	0	0	65	25	40
Germany	10	10	0	425	165	255
Greece	0	10	0	770	420	350
Hungary	0	0	0	120	55	65
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	145	60	80
Italy	0	0	0	1,730	895	840
Netherlands	10	0	0	205	95	105
Poland	0	0	0	325	140	185
Portugal	0	10	0	275	145	130
Romania	0	0	0	415	185	230
Russian Federation	10	0	10	200	75	135
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	80	45	45
Ukraine	10	0	10	125	55	70
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	150	65	75	2,575	1,310	1,265
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	1,130	535	595
Africa	20	10	10	2,195	1,075	1,125
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0	500	255	245
Ethiopia	0	0	0	65	35	35
Kenya	0	0	0	250	135	115
Morocco	0	0	0	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	70	25	45
Somalia	0	0	0	30	15	15
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	255	110	140
Other places of birth in Africa	0	10	0	990	475	515
Asia	85	30	55	36,640	17,205	19,440
Afghanistan	0	0	0	320	170	155
Bangladesh	0	0	0	230	115	110
China^{Census data footnote 59}	30	10	25	9,150	4,190	4,960
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	6,915	3,310	3,605
India	25	10	15	4,700	2,260	2,440
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	500	280	220
Iraq	0	0	0	175	85	90
Japan	0	0	0	95	25	70
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	10	10	345	160	185
Lebanon	0	0	0	245	120	120
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,915	930	985
Philippines	0	0	0	2,800	1,170	1,630
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	5,660	2,750	2,910
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	55	25	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	515	210	300
Viet Nam	10	0	0	1,130	485	645
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	1,900	920	980
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	95	50	50
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	55	20	35	4,135	1,790	2,345
Americas	15	0	10	320	155	160
Brazil	0	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cuba	10	0	0	25	20	10
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	40	10	30
Mexico	10	10	0	25	15	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	110	55	55
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	80	35	45
Europe	0	0	0	140	70	75
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	15	10	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	20	10	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	60	40	20
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	40	15	20
Africa	0	0	0	125	65	65
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	20	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0	50	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	40	25	15
Asia	40	15	25	3,540	1,485	2,050
Afghanistan	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0	10	10	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	10	10	1,760	715	1,040
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	200	80	130
India	10	10	10	450	205	245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0	30	15	15
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	15	0	10	70	25	45
Lebanon	0	0	0	15	15	10
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	195	80	115
Philippines	0	0	0	265	100	165
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	250	125	125
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	65	25	45
Viet Nam	0	0	10	15	10	15
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	70	35	35
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0	10	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	10	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	8,265	3,815	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,850
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	530	270	260	54,570	25,755	28,815
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	560	300	265	38,370	19,400	18,970
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,170	3,245	3,925	31,895	15,840	16,060
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	180	60	120	41,875	19,625	22,255
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	115	50	70	21,680	10,875	10,800
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35	20	20	8,070	5,330	2,740
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	80	25	50	13,610	5,545	8,065
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	65	15	50	13,855	5,335	8,520
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	0	0	0	5,600	3,060	2,540
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	10	0	0	740	350	395
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	8,265	3,820	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,850
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	340	140	200	680	330	345
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	340	140	200	655	320	335
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	150	55	95	400	190	210
Métis	175	80	95	230	115	120
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	25	15	10
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	20	10	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,925	3,680	4,245	124,165	60,660	63,505
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	8,265	3,820	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,850
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	60	25	30	180	95	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,210	3,795	4,415	124,665	60,900	63,765
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	8,265	3,815	4,450	124,845	60,995	63,845
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	75	20	50	105	45	55
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	75	20	50	95	40	55
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	50	15	30	75	30	45
Métis single ancestry	20	0	15	20	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	505	255	250	970	460	500
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	495	255	240	955	465	495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	295	150	140	710	340	375
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	180	95	90	245	120	125
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	10	15	10	10	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10	0	10	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,690	3,540	4,145	123,770	60,485	63,290
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	8,270	3,820	4,450	124,840	60,995	63,845
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	240	125	115	68,585	33,155	35,430
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90	50	40	22,480	11,240	11,240
Chinese	60	20	45	28,055	13,485	14,570
Black	15	15	0	4,155	1,910	2,240
Filipino	0	0	0	4,305	1,930	2,380
Latin American	20	15	10	870	385	490
Arab	0	0	0	1,360	685	675
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	30	25	10	1,030	445	585
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	0	0	0	1,085	600	480
Korean	20	10	10	590	275	315
Japanese	0	0	0	460	200	260
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	0	0	0	1,360	665	690
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	0	0	0	2,835	1,330	1,510
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	8,030	3,690	4,335	56,255	27,835	28,415
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	8,265	3,820	4,445	124,840	60,995	63,850
North American Aboriginal origins	575	280	300	1,065	510	560
First Nations (North American Indian)	350	170	180	810	380	425
Inuit	30	15	15	0	10	0
Métis	210	95	110	275	135	140
Other North American origins	3,695	1,730	1,965	17,270	8,630	8,640
Acadian	105	50	60	30	15	15
American	105	55	60	840	450	395
Canadian	3,540	1,655	1,885	16,660	8,305	8,360
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	50	40	15
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Ontarian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Québécois	0	0	0	20	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	5,790	2,690	3,100	54,440	26,745	27,700
British Isles origins	4,050	1,810	2,245	31,405	15,415	15,990
Channel Islander	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,360	1,000	1,365	18,590	9,155	9,440
Irish	1,390	660	730	12,580	6,075	6,500
Manx	0	0	0	35	20	15
Scottish	1,735	750	985	13,485	6,545	6,940
Welsh	165	90	80	1,300	635	660
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	185	100	85	2,560	1,200	1,360
French origins	1,085	530	555	4,925	2,365	2,555
Alsatian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,085	530	555	4,915	2,365	2,560
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,510	1,185	1,330	8,810	4,245	4,565
Austrian	0	0	0	630	285	350
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	10	0	10	175	70	100
Dutch	435	220	215	2,240	1,110	1,130
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	15	0	0
German	2,255	1,050	1,210	6,105	2,935	3,165
Luxembourger	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swiss	40	15	20	440	180	265
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	120	45	75	1,440	675	760
Danish	20	0	20	340	165	175
Finnish	0	0	0	465	200	265
Icelandic	20	0	20	70	40	30
Norwegian	55	35	25	300	150	155
Swedish	25	10	15	280	115	165
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	10	0	0	60	35	25
Eastern European origins	170	60	110	6,910	3,395	3,515
Bulgarian	0	0	0	100	60	45
Byelorussian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Czech	0	0	0	315	155	160
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	0	0	0	75	30	55
Estonian	0	0	0	145	70	80
Hungarian	0	0	10	820	430	390
Latvian	0	0	0	145	55	95
Lithuanian	0	0	0	155	60	95
Moldovan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Polish	95	30	65	2,290	1,170	1,120
Romanian	0	0	10	770	390	385
Russian	40	15	20	1,080	465	610
Slovak	0	0	0	225	110	115
Ukrainian	40	15	25	1,915	970	945
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	70	25	45
Southern European origins	140	75	70	19,385	9,735	9,655
Albanian	0	0	0	130	45	85
Bosnian	0	0	0	65	45	20
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	280	140	135
Cypriot	0	0	0	100	30	70
Greek	30	10	20	3,885	1,960	1,930
Italian	95	50	45	10,275	5,175	5,095
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	1,850	960	890
Maltese	0	0	0	165	75	90
Montenegrin	0	0	0	35	25	10
Portuguese	15	10	0	2,295	1,140	1,155
Serbian	0	0	0	325	190	135
Sicilian	0	0	0	100	50	55
Slovenian	0	0	0	195	130	70
Spanish	0	0	0	1,805	790	1,015
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	0	0	0	245	120	130
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	70	35	40	495	295	205
Basque	0	0	0	10	15	0
Jewish	10	0	10	295	190	115
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	55	25	30	160	90	75
Caribbean origins	30	25	0	5,045	2,290	2,755
Antiguan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bahamian	0	0	0	50	30	20
Barbadian	0	0	0	400	210	190
Bermudan	0	0	0	15	0	10
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	15	10	0	95	40	50
Dominican	0	0	0	135	60	75
Grenadian	0	0	0	70	20	55
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	135	50	85
Jamaican	20	15	0	2,630	1,230	1,395
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	10	0	10
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	20	15	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	775	320	455
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	105	50	60
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	810	355	450
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	220	80	135
Latin, Central and South American origins	35	20	15	2,740	1,335	1,405
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	45	25	20
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	100	30	70
Belizean	0	0	0	25	10	10
Bolivian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Brazilian	10	0	0	135	50	85
Chilean	0	0	0	60	20	40
Colombian	0	0	0	260	125	140
Costa Rican	0	0	0	30	10	20
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	100	40	60
Guatemalan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,260	635	630
Hispanic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Honduran	10	10	0	10	10	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	10	0	10	245	125	120
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Panamanian	0	0	0	25	10	20
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	185	90	95
Salvadorean	0	0	0	75	30	45
Uruguayan	0	0	0	15	10	15
Venezuelan	0	0	0	155	85	70
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	10	75	35	35
African origins	30	0	25	3,165	1,535	1,635
Central and West African origins	0	0	0	340	180	160
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	35	20	20
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	210	110	100
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Liberian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nigerian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	20	10	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	15	15	0
North African origins	0	0	0	1,160	585	580
Algerian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Berber	0	0	0	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0	90	55	40
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	950	485	465
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Sudanese	0	0	0	105	45	55
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	15	0	10	750	395	365
Afrikaner	0	0	0	30	10	20
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	125	80	50
Harari	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kenyan	0	0	0	15	10	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	85	45	35
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	55	25	30
South African	0	0	0	255	135	120
Tanzanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	20	15	10
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	20	0	15
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	125	70	55
Other African origins	15	0	20	920	385	535
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	130	45	80
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	15	0	20	795	340	455
Asian origins	225	120	105	62,700	30,330	32,370
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	20	0	0	3,730	1,880	1,855
Afghan	0	0	0	590	315	270
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	220	105	110
Armenian	0	0	0	800	430	370
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	20	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	830	450	375
Iraqi	0	0	0	235	115	125
Israeli	0	0	0	95	45	50
Jordanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Kazakh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kurd	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	30	0	20
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	20	10	10	500	185	310
Palestinian	0	0	0	230	115	115
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	20	0	15
Syrian	0	0	0	110	30	80
Tajik	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tatar	0	0	0	25	15	10
Turk	0	0	0	180	100	80
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	15
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	70	30	35
South Asian origins	90	50	35	22,915	11,360	11,555
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	175	85	90
Bengali	0	0	0	40	15	25
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	80	45	35	12,090	5,965	6,125
Goan	0	0	0	65	35	30
Gujarati	0	0	0	110	55	60
Kashmiri	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	20	15	0	2,170	1,080	1,090
Punjabi	0	0	10	245	125	120
Sinhalese	0	0	0	115	65	50
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	6,470	3,220	3,250
Tamil	0	0	0	2,340	1,185	1,155
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,270	620	650
East and Southeast Asian origins	115	55	55	36,800	17,445	19,360
Burmese	0	0	0	40	10	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Chinese	65	25	40	30,590	14,610	15,980
Filipino	10	15	0	5,100	2,295	2,800
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	180	100	75
Japanese	0	0	0	710	300	410
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10	715	330	385
Laotian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malaysian	0	0	0	145	60	90
Mongolian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Singaporean	0	0	0	65	20	45
Taiwanese	0	0	0	240	120	125
Thai	0	0	0	25	20	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	1,110	530	570
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	90	55	40
Other Asian origins	0	0	0	120	60	60
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	0	0	0	120	60	60
Oceania origins	0	0	0	200	120	85
Australian	0	0	0	125	75	50
New Zealander	0	0	0	40	20	20
Pacific Islands origins	0	0	0	40	25	20
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	20	15
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	4,080	...	...	40,310	...	...
Owner	2,310	...	...	36,025	...	...
Renter	1,770	...	...	4,285	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	4,075	...	...	40,305	...	...
Condominium	130	...	...	3,450	...	...
Not condominium	3,945	...	...	36,855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	4,075	...	...	40,305	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	30	...	...
1 bedroom	605	...	...	1,510	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,425	...	...	4,205	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,410	...	...	14,105	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	630	...	...	20,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	4,080	...	...	40,305	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,190	...	...	4,845	...	...
5 rooms	810	...	...	5,370	...	...
6 rooms	690	...	...	6,490	...	...
7 rooms	445	...	...	6,860	...	...
8 or more rooms	945	...	...	16,745	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	4,075	...	...	40,305	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,075	...	...	39,545	...	...
More than 1 person per room	10	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	4,075	...	...	40,305	...	...
Suitable	3,980	...	...	38,835	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	1,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	4,080	...	...	40,305	...	...
1960 or before	1,210	...	...	2,850	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,105	...	...	6,680	...	...
1981 to 1990	525	...	...	6,155	...	...
1991 to 2000	520	...	...	3,755	...	...
2001 to 2005	235	...	...	5,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	250	...	...	10,005	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	225	...	...	5,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	4,075	...	...	40,310	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,785	...	...	39,305	...	...
Major repairs needed	290	...	...	1,005	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	4,080	...	...	40,305	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,725	...	...	18,675	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,315	...	...	20,135	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	40	...	...	1,495	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	4,075	...	...	40,305	...	...
15 to 24 years	160	...	...	165	...	...
25 to 34 years	475	...	...	3,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	540	...	...	9,105	...	...
45 to 54 years	715	...	...	9,935	...	...
55 to 64 years	750	...	...	8,030	...	...
65 to 74 years	680	...	...	5,515	...	...
75 to 84 years	540	...	...	2,705	...	...
85 years and over	230	...	...	965	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	4,070	...	...	40,170	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,940	...	...	29,095	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,135	...	...	11,075	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,010	...	...	9,640	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,310	...	...	35,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	53.7	...	...	66.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.7	...	...	25.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	728	...	...	1,816	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	882	...	...	1,830	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,056	...	...	779,876	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	178,858	...	...	816,122	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,770	...	...	4,270	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.3	...	...	8.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	48.6	...	...	47.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	802	...	...	1,375	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	844	...	...	1,421	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,155	3,245	3,905	99,930	48,235	51,700
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,670	805	865	14,720	6,845	7,880
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,810	880	925	26,400	12,620	13,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,670	1,555	2,115	58,810	28,775	30,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	670	415	255	4,120	2,925	1,200
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	400	205	195	2,100	1,320	785
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	270	210	60	2,020	1,605	415
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,755	655	1,100	18,590	8,455	10,135
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	45	130	2,690	1,310	1,385
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,060	435	625	33,410	16,085	17,320
Bachelor's degree	790	300	485	24,150	11,395	12,760
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	30	40	2,050	905	1,145
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	0	15	695	345	355
Master's degree	160	80	80	5,975	3,100	2,870
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	20	0	540	350	195
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,185	1,930	2,250	67,450	32,245	35,205
No certificate, diploma or degree	630	350	285	5,075	2,495	2,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	965	510	460	14,990	7,195	7,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,585	1,080	1,510	47,380	22,555	24,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	425	255	165	2,720	1,915	805
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	265	130	130	1,425	895	530
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	165	130	35	1,295	1,020	275
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,290	485	805	14,710	6,725	7,985
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	25	65	2,065	980	1,085
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	780	310	475	27,885	12,935	14,955
Bachelor's degree	600	230	375	20,010	9,130	10,880
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	15	30	1,770	755	1,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	0	20	565	240	335
Master's degree	95	50	45	5,105	2,555	2,550
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	15	10	0	430	255	175
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,150	3,245	3,910	99,935	48,230	51,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	3,480	1,690	1,795	41,125	19,460	21,660
Education	260	90	170	3,750	760	2,985
13. Education	265	90	170	3,750	760	2,985
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	75	35	35	2,145	995	1,150
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	20	0	350	240	105
50. Visual and performing arts	55	20	40	1,795	755	1,040
Humanities	130	65	60	3,360	1,115	2,250
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	20	10	15	325	45	285
23. English language and literature/letters	15	10	0	880	160	720
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	10	1,105	335	770
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	0	170	95	70
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0	250	170	80
54. History	35	15	20	515	285	235
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	95	15	75
Social and behavioural sciences and law	300	50	255	7,690	2,665	5,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	70	0	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	0	15	685	260	420
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	90	1,125	100	1,020
22. Legal professions and studies	40	10	35	1,025	325	695
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	150	20	135
42. Psychology	50	10	45	1,150	300	850
45. Social sciences	85	35	55	3,485	1,660	1,825
Business, management and public administration	950	250	700	15,370	6,925	8,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	30	15	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	0	15	665	100	560
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	920	240	685	14,680	6,810	7,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	35	35	2,955	1,455	1,500
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	10	30	1,130	475	655
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0	935	400	535
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	50	10	40
40. Physical sciences	20	15	0	765	540	225
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	80	35	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	40	40	4,215	2,725	1,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	35	30	3,255	2,205	1,045
25. Library science	15	0	15	115	20	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	775	450	325
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	70	45	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	765	705	60	10,315	9,105	1,205
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	445	310	135
14. Engineering	55	55	0	4,470	3,680	785
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	170	130	40	2,010	1,825	185
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	195	185	10	1,320	1,295	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	275	270	0	1,415	1,375	35
48. Precision production	65	70	0	655	620	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	55	35	25	655	440	215
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	10	10	390	275	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	15	265	160	105
Health and related fields	715	125	600	6,260	1,555	4,710
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	45	25	20	845	450	395
51. Health professions and related programs	665	95	570	5,320	1,060	4,260
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	10	105	45	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	270	130	135	2,095	1,035	1,065
12. Personal and culinary services	180	60	125	1,285	385	900
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	45	35	10	560	420	140
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	40	0	235	210	25
Other	0	0	0	10	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,180	1,930	2,250	67,450	32,245	35,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,595	855	735	20,065	9,690	10,380
Education	150	55	95	2,800	555	2,250
13. Education	145	55	95	2,800	555	2,250
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	25	20	1,670	760	905
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	15	0	275	185	90
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	20	1,390	580	815
Humanities	80	30	50	2,525	765	1,760
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	10	10	280	25	260
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	10	660	105	555
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	10	0	840	220	620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	125	75	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	185	130	50
54. History	30	0	20	345	190	150
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	10	75	10	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	240	40	205	6,260	2,005	4,255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	70	0	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	570	205	370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	0	75	915	75	840
22. Legal professions and studies	40	10	35	845	220	630
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	0	0	0	120	10	110
42. Psychology	40	0	40	880	210	670
45. Social sciences	70	25	45	2,860	1,285	1,570
Business, management and public administration	645	155	485	12,920	5,595	7,325
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	30	15	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	10	10	585	85	505
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	620	150	475	12,305	5,495	6,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	20	20	2,285	1,065	1,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	0	10	860	330	530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	10	0	730	295	430
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	45	10	35
40. Physical sciences	15	15	10	580	405	175
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	65	25	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	35	35	3,920	2,540	1,380
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	35	30	3,125	2,115	1,005
25. Library science	10	0	0	90	20	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	650	370	285
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	60	40	25
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	535	480	55	7,995	6,955	1,035
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	345	245	110
14. Engineering	50	45	10	3,690	2,980	710
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	125	90	30	1,550	1,395	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	140	130	10	900	885	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	185	180	10	1,065	1,040	25
48. Precision production	40	35	0	445	415	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	45	30	20	505	325	185
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	20	10	10	280	190	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	20	10	230	135	95
Health and related fields	520	90	425	4,905	1,215	3,695
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	20	15	660	335	325
51. Health professions and related programs	480	70	405	4,155	845	3,310
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	0	0	90	35	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	215	115	100	1,585	770	820
12. Personal and culinary services	145	55	95	980	285	695
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	40	30	10	435	330	110
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0	160	150	15
Other	0	0	0	0	0	10
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,155	3,245	3,910	99,930	48,230	51,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,485	1,690	1,795	41,120	19,465	21,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,670	1,555	2,115	58,815	28,770	30,040
Location of study inside Canada	3,455	1,430	2,030	43,395	21,125	22,270
Same as province or territory of residence	2,710	1,070	1,645	40,590	19,765	20,830
Different than province or territory of residence	745	360	385	2,810	1,365	1,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	215	125	90	15,415	7,645	7,770
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	40	30	10	1,670	920	750
Philippines	10	15	0	1,355	490	865
India	50	35	20	2,405	1,170	1,240
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	50	25	25	1,405	855	545
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	10	2,130	1,010	1,120
France	0	0	0	45	30	15
Other	55	20	30	6,400	3,175	3,225
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,185	1,930	2,250	67,450	32,245	35,205
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,590	855	735	20,065	9,685	10,380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,585	1,080	1,510	47,380	22,555	24,825
Location of study inside Canada	2,435	990	1,445	35,065	16,775	18,285
Same as province or territory of residence	2,000	775	1,220	33,025	15,805	17,220
Different than province or territory of residence	435	210	225	2,040	970	1,070
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	150	90	65	12,320	5,780	6,535
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	35	25	10	1,390	710	675
Philippines	15	15	0	1,140	390	755
India	40	30	10	2,130	990	1,140
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	25	10	15	820	470	345
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	0	1,870	860	1,010
France	0	0	0	35	25	0
Other	35	15	20	4,930	2,325	2,600
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	7,155	3,245	3,910	99,930	48,235	51,700
In the labour force	3,925	1,910	2,015	67,400	35,115	32,275
Employed	3,575	1,720	1,850	63,395	33,090	30,300
Unemployed	350	190	165	4,005	2,030	1,975
Not in the labour force	3,225	1,335	1,890	32,535	13,115	19,420
Participation rate	54.9	58.9	51.5	67.4	72.8	62.4
Employment rate	50.0	53.0	47.3	63.4	68.6	58.6
Unemployment rate	8.9	9.9	8.2	5.9	5.8	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	7,155	3,245	3,910	99,935	48,230	51,695
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	3,035	1,265	1,770	30,625	12,365	18,255
Worked	4,120	1,980	2,140	69,305	35,865	33,440
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,960	1,045	915	37,985	21,520	16,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,155	935	1,230	31,325	14,345	16,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.4	41.4	43.4	44.2	42.4
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	3,930	1,910	2,020	67,395	35,115	32,280
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	95	45	50	1,390	645	745
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	3,830	1,865	1,970	66,010	34,470	31,535
Employee	3,565	1,725	1,845	57,410	28,840	28,565
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	265	140	125	8,600	5,635	2,965
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	3,930	1,910	2,015	67,400	35,120	32,275
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	95	45	50	1,385	640	740
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	3,830	1,865	1,970	66,010	34,475	31,535
0 Management occupations	305	160	145	9,530	6,070	3,460
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	470	120	345	12,665	4,145	8,525
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	125	100	30	6,815	5,305	1,510
3 Health occupations	355	60	295	3,590	825	2,770
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	445	135	310	7,470	2,215	5,255
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	110	50	60	2,150	1,005	1,135
6 Sales and service occupations	1,115	390	725	14,535	6,990	7,540
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	495	470	25	6,135	5,730	400
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	60	0	910	755	155
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	355	320	35	2,205	1,415	790
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	3,925	1,910	2,020	67,395	35,120	32,275
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	100	50	50	1,390	645	745
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	3,830	1,860	1,970	66,010	34,475	31,535
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	35	10	295	195	95
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0	90	55	35
22 Utilities	30	25	0	520	355	165
23 Construction	210	195	15	4,020	3,340	680
31-33 Manufacturing	495	440	55	5,560	3,685	1,875
41 Wholesale trade	80	55	30	3,700	2,305	1,400
44-45 Retail trade	625	250	375	6,970	3,510	3,465
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	80	75	0	2,270	1,720	550
51 Information and cultural industries	60	50	10	2,125	1,280	845
52 Finance and insurance	85	40	50	6,360	3,115	3,240
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	30	15	20	1,675	910	765
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	150	50	95	7,195	4,155	3,040
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	200	65	135
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	280	140	140	2,960	1,745	1,225
61 Educational services	285	80	205	5,655	1,585	4,070
62 Health care and social assistance	620	110	510	5,745	1,115	4,630
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	60	25	1,455	860	595
72 Accommodation and food services	335	90	245	3,745	1,745	1,995
81 Other services (except public administration)	160	80	80	2,785	1,255	1,530
91 Public administration	170	70	105	2,685	1,480	1,200
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,575	1,720	1,850	63,395	33,090	30,300
Worked at home	165	40	125	5,530	2,865	2,670
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	365	235	125
No fixed workplace address	315	240	85	6,465	4,680	1,785
Worked at usual place	3,085	1,435	1,645	51,035	25,310	25,725
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,080	1,435	1,645	51,035	25,310	25,720
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,055	920	1,135	15,055	6,675	8,375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	760	360	405	11,685	5,695	5,990
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	230	130	100	24,195	12,895	11,300
Commute to a different province or territory	30	30	10	95	40	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,400	1,675	1,725	57,495	29,990	27,505
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,725	1,350	1,375	45,115	24,810	20,300
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	265	130	140	3,680	1,105	2,575
Public transit	10	0	0	6,705	3,175	3,530
Walked	320	135	190	1,305	525	775
Bicycle	10	10	10	195	125	65
Other method	70	50	15	505	250	255
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,400	1,675	1,725	57,500	29,990	27,505
Less than 15 minutes	2,225	1,050	1,165	7,990	3,285	4,705
15 to 29 minutes	690	325	360	13,725	6,655	7,065
30 to 44 minutes	280	170	105	15,960	8,775	7,190
45 to 59 minutes	85	45	40	7,700	4,295	3,405
60 minutes and over	130	75	55	12,120	6,985	5,140
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,400	1,675	1,730	57,495	29,990	27,505
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	215	165	55	3,070	2,265	805
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	540	370	170	9,430	5,515	3,920
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	910	440	465	17,290	8,560	8,725
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	850	290	560	12,665	6,010	6,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	325	120	205	8,380	4,130	4,255
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	555	285	270	6,650	3,510	3,145
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,240	2,050	2,185	71,300	36,855	34,445
Single responses	4,220	2,045	2,175	69,490	36,010	33,485
Official languages	4,215	2,040	2,175	66,720	34,565	32,155
English	4,155	2,015	2,140	66,510	34,520	31,985
French	55	25	35	215	45	170
Non-official languages	10	0	0	2,775	1,440	1,330
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	2,770	1,445	1,330
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	105	45	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	105	40	60
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	110	50	55
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	15	10
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	35	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	30	20	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	2,505	1,320	1,190
Chinese languages	0	0	0	2,505	1,315	1,190
Cantonese	0	0	0	1,695	870	825
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	765	420	345
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	0	10	1,805	845	960
English and French	15	10	10	330	120	205
English and non-official language	0	0	0	1,465	720	745
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,235	2,055	2,185	71,295	36,855	34,445
None	4,120	2,010	2,110	65,680	34,130	31,555
English	25	15	15	1,220	555	665
French	70	25	50	700	290	405
Non-official language	20	10	15	3,595	1,825	1,775
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	25	0	20	3,595	1,825	1,775
English and French	0	0	0	10	10	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	65	35	30
French and non-official language	0	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	8,200	3,780	4,425	123,465	60,315	63,155
Non-movers	6,875	3,150	3,720	111,415	54,290	57,125
Movers	1,330	625	705	12,055	6,025	6,030
Non-migrants	795	360	435	6,380	3,120	3,265
Migrants	540	270	270	5,670	2,905	2,765
Internal migrants	515	250	260	4,665	2,430	2,235
Intraprovincial migrants	385	170	215	4,325	2,265	2,060
Interprovincial migrants	130	85	45	345	165	175
External migrants	25	15	10	1,005	470	535
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,920	3,635	4,285	116,845	56,850	59,990
Non-movers	4,730	2,155	2,580	73,585	35,815	37,770
Movers	3,195	1,485	1,710	43,255	21,030	22,220
Non-migrants	1,715	790	925	21,360	10,300	11,065
Migrants	1,470	695	775	21,895	10,740	11,160
Internal migrants	1,365	625	745	18,120	8,990	9,135
Intraprovincial migrants	1,040	490	550	17,370	8,635	8,730
Interprovincial migrants	325	135	190	750	350	400
External migrants	110	75	35	3,775	1,750	2,025

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia and Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia and Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

Census Profile, 2016 Census Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia and Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Bridgewater [Population centre], Nova Scotia and Markham--Stouffville [Federal electoral district], Ontario