Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Montréal [Population centre], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			Montréal Quebec [Population centre]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : Montréal [Population centre], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	3,519,595	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	3,387,653^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	1,580,731	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	1,493,381	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	2,719.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	1,293.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	3,519,590	1,713,590	1,806,000
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	585,840	299,205	286,635
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	196,790	100,715	96,075
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	204,905	104,675	100,230
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	184,145	93,815	90,330
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	2,354,450	1,165,705	1,188,750
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	192,170	97,570	94,595
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	237,215	118,825	118,385
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	238,190	117,865	120,320
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	243,475	118,610	124,865
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	255,405	125,335	130,070
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	238,965	118,885	120,085
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	238,225	119,210	119,010
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	257,720	129,160	128,565
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	246,300	121,155	125,140
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	206,790	99,080	107,710
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	579,305	248,685	330,620
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	178,130	82,885	95,245
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	138,680	62,735	75,945
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	102,540	44,265	58,270
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	78,850	32,370	46,480
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	81,105	26,425	54,680
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	51,695	18,625	33,070
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	22,830	6,465	16,365
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	5,690	1,215	4,480
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	890	125	765
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	16.6	17.5	15.9
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	66.9	68.0	65.8
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	16.5	14.5	18.3
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.3	1.5	3.0
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	40.6	39.4	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	40.2	39.2	41.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,380	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	418,120	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	149,890	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	923,225	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	75,200	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	52,900	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	131,860	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	658,300	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	4,965	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	2,150	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,385	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	508,245	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	467,480	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	220,090	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	196,450	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	101,120	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	3,441,575	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	2,933,755	1,414,385	1,519,370
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	1,559,025	781,930	777,095
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	1,070,195	535,640	534,560
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	488,825	246,285	242,540
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	1,374,730	632,455	742,270
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	950,390	500,795	449,590
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	52,445	21,910	30,540
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	214,545	78,405	136,140
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	157,355	31,345	126,005
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	934,075	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	454,390	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	208,935	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	190,725	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	80,020	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	934,070	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	757,285	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	513,195	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	244,095	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	176,785	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	139,100	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	37,685	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	757,290	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	344,810	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	412,485	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	158,240	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	177,995	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	76,250	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	176,780	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	109,585	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	50,700	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	16,500	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	716,190	343,140	373,050
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,380	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	902,120	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	333,155	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	568,960	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	15,690	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	575,575	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	508,245	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	67,325	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,120
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	274,085	137,190	136,900
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	1,165,990	519,805	646,185
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	1,977,310	1,016,000	961,315
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	62,270	24,540	37,720
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	721,875	360,670	361,200
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	2,458,705	1,189,905	1,268,800
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	238,595	123,280	115,315
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	60,480	23,680	36,800
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	841,175	422,315	418,855
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	24.2	24.9	23.5
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	3,341,910	1,628,755	1,713,155
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	2,453,405	1,197,530	1,255,875
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	408,250	204,510	203,745
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	2,045,155	993,025	1,052,130
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	888,505	431,225	457,280
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	690	240	450
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	350	135	215
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	300	110	190
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	25	5	20
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	60	20	35
Moose Cree	100	50	55	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	15	10	10
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	50	20	30
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	0	0	5
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	10	5	5
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	0	0	0
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	135	50	85
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	20	10	10
Malecite	305	140	160	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	20	5	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	30	15	15
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	25	20	10
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	10	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	10	5	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	5	0	0
Beaver	190	85	105	0	0	0
Carrier	1,025	465	565	0	0	0
Chilcotin	660	295	360	0	0	0
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	0	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	0	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	0
Sekani	90	45	45	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	0	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	0	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Tahltan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	0	0	5
Haida	75	35	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	255	65	185
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	0	0	5
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	220	55	165
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	35	10	20
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	40	20	20
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	35	20	20
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	5	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	0	0	0
Michif	465	230	235	0	0	0
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	5	5	0
Comox	80	45	40	0	0	5
Halkomelem	475	225	245	0	0	0
Lillooet	315	155	155	0	0	0
Okanagan	270	135	135	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	0	0	0
Squamish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Straits	80	40	40	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	5	0	0
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	0	0	0
Dakota	1,215	570	635	0	0	0
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	0	0	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	0	0	0
Nisga'a	400	200	200	0	0	0
Tsimshian	200	90	110	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	0	0	0
Haisla	90	40	50	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	30	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	887,815	430,985	456,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	174,390	91,400	82,985
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	18,570	9,825	8,745
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	11,125	5,880	5,250
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	7,445	3,950	3,495
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	755	365	395
Bilen	805	455	350	10	5	5
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	5	5	0
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	720	335	385
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	15	15	5
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	154,820	81,080	73,740
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	655	305	350
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	149,820	78,525	71,295
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	125	65	60
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	15	5	5
Harari	1,320	635	685	5	5	5
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	3,775	1,965	1,805
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	10	5	5
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	340	160	180
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	80	45	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	240	130	110
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	32,865	15,440	17,430
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	7,700	3,585	4,115
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	25,155	11,850	13,305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	10	5	5
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	19,930	7,245	12,690
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	110	35	70
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	740	250	490
Fijian	745	400	345	0	0	5
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	400	130	270
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	2,030	735	1,290
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	795	370	420
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	585	235	350
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	200	90	105
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	14,670	5,225	9,445
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	40	5	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	275	115	155
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	53,320	23,475	29,855
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	1,935	915	1,020
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	50,505	22,120	28,390
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	880	440	440
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	14,635	7,305	7,330
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	235	125	105
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	405	215	190
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	13,430	6,620	6,815
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	550	335	215
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	25	10	10
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	478,390	232,280	246,110
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	2,350	1,195	1,155
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	16,085	7,790	8,290
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	55,670	25,050	30,620
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	690	255	435
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	230	85	145
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	460	170	290
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	54,975	24,795	30,185
Belarusan	810	385	430	65	35	25
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	435	210	225
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	6,200	2,995	3,210
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	1,775	885	895
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	1,115	510	600
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	165	80	80
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	11,570	5,000	6,575
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	25,105	11,205	13,900
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	1,850	910	940
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	630	295	330
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	850	365	485
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	655	295	360
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	4,435	1,945	2,495
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	125	65	65
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	100	60	35
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	15	10	5
Welsh	1,075	495	575	25	15	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	60	40	15
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	20,175	9,690	10,490
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	85	40	45
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	260	125	135
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	1,615	805	810
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	10	5	5
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	8,340	3,760	4,580
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	60	25	30
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	135	70	70
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	420	190	230
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	245	100	145
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	8,915	4,525	4,390
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	100	55	40
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	37,170	18,515	18,655
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	70,115	36,155	33,960
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	43,355	22,590	20,765
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	10,655	5,445	5,220
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	5,990	2,935	3,050
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	2,870	1,550	1,315
Kashmiri	565	300	265	20	15	5
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	100	60	50
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	235	135	95
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	250	125	120
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	12,100	6,560	5,535
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	305	150	160
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	600	295	310
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	10,205	5,310	4,900
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	26,430	13,385	13,050
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	770	415	350
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,190	625	560
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	24,475	12,340	12,135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	330	185	145
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	276,730	133,825	142,900
Catalan	865	440	425	250	125	125
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	98,925	48,320	50,605
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	29,810	14,325	15,485
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	32,040	15,340	16,705
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	115,615	55,670	59,945
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	95	55	40
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	2,020	625	1,395
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	160	75	80
Georgian	1,715	910	805	160	75	85
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	4,805	2,130	2,675
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	180	75	110
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	180	75	110
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	18,485	9,355	9,130
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	985	490	500
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	935	515	420
Edo	1,670	770	900	60	35	25
Ewe	1,760	950	805	475	265	210
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	1,565	805	755
Ga	920	445	470	75	40	35
Ganda	1,295	625	665	15	10	10
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	90	50	40
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	1,915	890	1,020
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	1,575	740	835
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	1,350	605	745
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	70	35	35
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	1,230	590	640
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	2,380	1,270	1,105
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	200	125	75
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	5,565	2,900	2,670
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	165	95	70
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	165	90	70
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	700	365	335
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	40	25	15
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	370	180	185
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	285	160	125
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	70,805	32,970	37,840
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	70,590	32,860	37,730
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	23,245	10,950	12,290
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	455	200	250
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	39,605	18,310	21,295
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	25	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	3,085	1,425	1,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	1,015	445	570
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	3,085	1,480	1,605
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	80	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	220	115	105
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	55	25	30
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	0	0	0
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	95	55	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	70	40	30
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	3,950	1,795	2,155
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	3,440	1,665	1,775
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	505	130	375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	5	0	5
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	7,160	3,650	3,510
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	260	145	115
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	6,460	3,300	3,165
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	145	75	75
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	120	60	60
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	165	70	95
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	5,365	2,445	2,925
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	165	65	100
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	260	80	180
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	4,940	2,295	2,645
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	480	260	215
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	137,745	68,785	68,965
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	41,765	21,230	20,540
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	24,820	12,190	12,630
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	55,325	27,215	28,115
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	15,830	8,155	7,680
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	3,221,100	1,571,355	1,649,745
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	2,735,685	1,338,620	1,397,065
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	579,550	288,690	290,865
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	2,156,130	1,049,930	1,106,200
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	485,420	232,735	252,680
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	255	110	145
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	145	65	80
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	140	65	75
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	5	0	5
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	20	5	15
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	10	5	5
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	30	15	15
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	5	0	5
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	70	30	35
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	0	5	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	5	5	5
Algonquin	370	170	200	10	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	0	0	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Beaver	50	30	20	0	0	0
Carrier	245	115	130	0	0	0
Chilcotin	255	125	130	0	0	0
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	5	0	5
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	75	25	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	65	25	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	15	10	5
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	15	5	5
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	0	0	0
Michif	85	40	45	0	0	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	0	0	0
Lillooet	25	15	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	85	35	45	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	20	10	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	5	5	0
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	0	0	0
Dakota	255	140	120	0	0	0
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	0	0	0
Nisga'a	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tsimshian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	0	0	0
Haisla	20	10	15	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	15	5	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	485,165	232,625	252,535
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	81,700	41,455	40,250
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	6,725	3,490	3,235
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	4,540	2,360	2,180
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	2,185	1,130	1,055
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	360	155	205
Bilen	620	330	285	5	0	5
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	0	5	0
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	350	150	200
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	5	0	0
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	74,550	37,780	36,770
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	310	145	170
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	72,245	36,615	35,625
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	90	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	5	0	5
Harari	735	335	400	5	0	0
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	1,670	860	810
Maltese	1,130	525	605	5	0	0
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	185	85	100
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	70	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	23,190	10,830	12,360
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	4,590	2,095	2,495
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	18,595	8,735	9,860
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	9,375	3,760	5,610
Bikol	290	140	155	15	10	10
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	215	100	120
Fijian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	125	55	75
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	745	305	435
Malagasy	435	220	210	250	130	115
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	160	80	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	60	30	30
Pangasinan	240	110	135	15	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	7,730	3,030	4,700
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	55	20	30
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	19,735	8,350	11,380
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	770	345	430
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	18,550	7,820	10,735
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	410	190	225
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	11,290	5,535	5,755
Kannada	1,630	825	800	145	80	65
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	185	90	95
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	10,635	5,170	5,465
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	315	190	130
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	15	10	5
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	265,385	127,145	138,235
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	1,390	680	710
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	11,810	5,590	6,220
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	33,675	15,800	17,870
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	165	70	95
Latvian	1,255	530	725	60	30	30
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	100	40	60
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	33,510	15,730	17,775
Belarusan	230	105	120	20	10	10
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	250	120	130
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	4,605	2,235	2,370
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	750	355	395
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	360	170	190
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	100	50	50
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	5,170	2,325	2,850
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	18,420	8,700	9,725
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	1,050	520	530
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	260	125	140
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	200	100	105
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	215	90	125
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	2,065	925	1,140
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	25	15	10
Celtic languages	360	205	155	20	15	5
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	5	0	0
Welsh	95	50	45	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	10	10	5
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	8,515	4,315	4,200
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	10	5	5
Danish	855	410	445	35	15	20
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	225	100	120
Frisian	185	95	90	0	0	0
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	1,460	655	810
Icelandic	270	120	150	30	10	20
Norwegian	345	145	200	15	10	10
Swedish	1,045	500	545	80	40	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	20	5	15
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	6,625	3,465	3,165
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	10	5	0
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	18,125	8,650	9,475
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	49,340	24,765	24,580
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	29,755	15,095	14,665
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	7,980	3,960	4,020
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	3,805	1,840	1,960
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	1,465	750	710
Kashmiri	135	70	70	0	0	0
Konkani	720	355	370	30	15	15
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	75	40	35
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	165	80	90
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	10	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	8,710	4,620	4,090
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	130	60	70
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	340	175	165
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	7,035	3,545	3,495
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	19,440	9,585	9,850
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	390	205	185
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	875	435	440
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	18,180	8,945	9,225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	140	80	60
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	142,515	67,330	75,190
Catalan	355	165	190	90	40	50
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	32,010	14,140	17,860
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	14,240	6,780	7,465
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	22,300	10,895	11,410
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	73,850	35,455	38,395
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	30	15	15
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	865	355	510
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	70	35	35
Georgian	1,035	565	475	75	40	35
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	3,365	1,545	1,820
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	145	65	70
Mongolian	910	435	470	140	65	75
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	4,435	2,120	2,315
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	435	210	230
Bamanankan	340	180	160	215	115	95
Edo	415	175	240	10	5	5
Ewe	410	185	225	95	40	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	430	205	225
Ga	250	105	140	15	5	10
Ganda	345	160	185	0	0	0
Igbo	1,000	485	510	10	5	5
Lingala	1,045	455	590	470	190	275
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	445	205	240
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	325	135	190
Shona	1,035	475	560	20	10	10
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	360	180	180
Wolof	1,380	745	635	745	395	345
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	45	20	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	815	395	420
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	55	30	25
Dinka	1,130	580	550	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	55	30	25
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	925	525	400
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	60	30	35
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	400	200	195
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	465	295	170
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	56,025	26,715	29,310
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	55,905	26,655	29,255
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	17,235	8,145	9,080
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	155	75	80
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	33,840	16,240	17,600
Min Dong	345	150	195	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	1,765	805	965
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	755	345	410
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	2,120	1,020	1,100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	40	15	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	120	60	60
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	20	10	10
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	0	0	0
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	65	35	25
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	30	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	2,020	980	1,045
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	1,855	905	945
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	170	70	100
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	4,645	2,305	2,340
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	90	45	50
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	4,310	2,140	2,170
Uyghur	610	315	290	100	55	45
Uzbek	990	505	490	95	45	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	55	25	30
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	1,820	795	1,020
Estonian	975	365	610	25	10	15
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	40	15	25
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	1,750	775	980
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	105	60	40
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	258,550	126,180	132,370
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	55,395	28,110	27,280
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	50,005	24,120	25,890
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	115,640	55,130	60,500
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	37,520	18,820	18,705
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	3,479,655	1,697,540	1,782,115
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	2,624,250	1,274,015	1,350,235
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	279,380	141,520	137,860
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	233,550	115,230	118,320
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	265,980	128,905	137,075
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	330	125	205
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	265,645	128,780	136,870
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	32,275	16,240	16,040
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	22,075	10,825	11,250
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	20,875	10,160	10,715
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	1,270	650	625
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,135
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	2,742,430	1,331,835	1,410,600
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	32,535	36,504	29,148
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	29,319	32,185	26,759
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	2,422,145	1,200,630	1,221,515
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	30,531	35,538	26,010
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	2,120,085	959,120	1,160,965
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	5,667	3,540	7,483
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	31,856	35,548	28,452
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	2,742,500	1,331,435	1,411,065
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	44,907	52,008	38,207
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	2,743,015	1,331,510	1,411,510
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	36,221	40,777	31,923
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	2,422,145	1,200,245	1,221,905
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	43,885	52,241	35,677
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	2,119,805	958,580	1,161,230
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	7,955	6,826	8,887
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	1,998,375	1,024,315	974,060
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	43,596	50,180	36,673
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	2,857,035	1,385,465	1,471,565
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	877,695	479,085	398,605
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	49,397	53,619	45,129
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	61,611	68,817	52,950
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	86.3	90.5	80.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	70.7	74.1	66.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	13.7	9.5	19.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	2,856,565	1,385,430	1,471,140
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	114,135	53,600	60,535
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	2,742,435	1,331,830	1,410,600
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	381,980	181,360	200,625
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	501,560	207,285	294,270
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	400,305	173,950	226,355
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	337,555	159,045	178,510
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	294,060	139,610	154,445
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	218,165	108,980	109,185
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	156,985	83,255	73,735
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	124,000	67,715	56,285
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	86,040	49,210	36,825
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	57,645	36,030	21,610
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	184,130	125,380	58,750
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	117,875	77,795	40,080
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	66,255	47,585	18,670
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	2,856,570	1,385,430	1,471,140
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	113,630	53,520	60,115
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	2,742,935	1,331,915	1,411,025
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	394,555	184,405	210,150
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	524,800	219,045	305,755
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	482,720	215,670	267,055
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	435,320	208,720	226,600
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	321,405	159,455	161,955
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	211,225	112,595	98,630
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	138,220	77,355	60,870
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	78,590	48,375	30,215
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	156,095	106,300	49,800
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	46,750	30,175	16,570
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	28,790	19,210	9,580
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	80,565	56,910	23,650
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	2,856,570	1,385,425	1,471,140
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	858,455	361,135	497,320
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	1,998,115	1,024,295	973,820
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	69.9	73.9	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	258,865	129,000	129,865
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	160,610	73,025	87,585
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	292,790	134,985	157,805
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	243,810	113,855	129,960
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	229,640	110,295	119,345
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	195,230	94,965	100,265
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	151,650	79,915	71,740
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	115,265	63,620	51,645
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	99,765	55,425	44,335
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	250,500	169,220	81,285
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	64,590	40,190	24,400
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	44,635	29,445	15,190
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	141,275	99,580	41,690
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,385	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	60,609	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	52,838	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	508,245	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	33,049	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	29,605	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	985,135	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	80,227	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	69,097	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	82,466	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	66,528	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	508,225	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	42,605	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	34,853	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	985,215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	103,028	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	82,867	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,380	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	29,440	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	27,450	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	50,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	74,000	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	73,640	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	64,980	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	70,615	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	74,015	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	73,600	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	70,350	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	130,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	112,165	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	98,075	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	83,990	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	71,265	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	388,640	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	134,105	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	87,960	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	89,465	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	77,115	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,380	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	31,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	27,850	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	50,975	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	77,820	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	82,970	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	77,895	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	90,115	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	91,635	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	87,235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	84,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	150,280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	125,890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	102,920	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	84,930	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	69,010	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	258,460	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	116,775	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	61,205	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	80,485	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	935,490	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	81,469	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	69,946	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	326,075	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	74,868	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	63,595	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	414,015	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	104,694	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	88,599	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	168,810	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	53,914	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	48,788	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	935,345	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	104,779	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	84,022	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	325,740	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	97,081	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	76,913	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	414,500	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	129,051	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	102,708	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	168,475	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	64,515	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	54,846	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	642,400	311,885	330,515
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	29,654	30,644	28,864
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	27,081	27,600	26,672
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	641,600	310,655	330,940
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	39,204	40,679	37,820
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	32,365	33,039	31,732
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	3,441,575	1,684,145	1,757,425
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	1,961,905	939,675	1,022,235
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	379,670	187,715	191,950
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	383,565	174,535	209,035
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	424,315	202,190	222,125
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	403,050	194,180	208,865
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	371,310	181,055	190,255
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	1,479,670	744,475	735,190
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	347,270	172,080	175,190
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	325,310	162,625	162,680
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	302,375	152,520	149,850
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	260,815	132,605	128,210
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	243,900	124,645	119,255
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	3,441,575	1,684,150	1,757,425
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	694,385	354,435	339,950
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	237,140	121,340	115,800
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	2,229,410	1,099,655	1,129,760
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	517,780	230,060	287,715
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	554,710	261,605	293,105
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	115,500	59,195	56,305
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	40,365	20,605	19,760
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	348,340	170,145	178,195
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	90,865	32,265	58,600
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	16.1	15.5	16.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	16.6	16.7	16.6
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	17.0	17.0	17.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	15.6	15.5	15.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	17.5	14.0	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	454,010	219,685	234,325
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	85,345	43,760	41,585
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	29,860	15,235	14,620
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	307,720	155,015	152,710
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	60,940	20,905	40,030
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	13.2	13.0	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	12.3	12.3	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	12.6	12.6	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	13.8	14.1	13.5
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	11.8	9.1	13.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,490	1,683,830	1,757,660
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	3,379,530	1,659,680	1,719,850
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	2,235,665	1,145,250	1,090,415
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	3,108,310	1,523,560	1,584,750
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	1,289,660	621,780	667,885
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	885	400	485
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	370	210	160
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	290	145	150
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	15	0	10
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	70	35	40
Moose Cree	195	80	115	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	70	40	30
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	10	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	10	0	0
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	120	50	70
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	30	30	0
Malecite	755	370	390	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	35	30	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	35	30	10
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	30	20	10
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	10	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	10	10	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	0	0	0
Beaver	340	180	165	0	0	0
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	0	0	0
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	0	0	0
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	0	0	0
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	0	0	0
Tahltan	270	140	130	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0
Haida	465	205	260	0	0	0
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	420	135	285
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	0	0	0
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	375	125	260
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	45	15	30
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	75	55	20
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	70	55	10
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	10	0	10
Kutenai	175	95	80	0	0	0
Michif	1,210	585	625	0	0	0
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	0	0	0
Comox	185	75	110	0	0	0
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	0	0	0
Lillooet	790	405	385	0	0	0
Okanagan	820	370	450	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	0	0	0
Squamish	285	125	155	0	0	0
Straits	360	160	200	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	0	0	0
Dakota	1,760	870	890	0	0	0
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	0	0	0
Tlingit	260	140	120	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	10	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	0	0	0
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	10	0	0
Tsimshian	410	180	235	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	0	0	0
Haisla	175	65	110	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	10	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	1,288,840	621,410	667,425
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	267,820	139,520	128,300
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	24,400	12,855	11,540
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	14,305	7,565	6,740
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	10,235	5,360	4,875
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	1,100	535	565
Bilen	1,085	625	470	35	20	15
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	30	20	10
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	1,030	485	545
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	0	0	0
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	255,455	132,985	122,470
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	970	470	505
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	237,485	123,665	113,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	160	80	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	10	0	10
Harari	1,710	855	860	10	10	10
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	17,550	9,195	8,350
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	15	10	10
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	360	165	195
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	170	80	90
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	595	310	290
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	41,735	19,910	21,825
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	10,280	4,885	5,395
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	31,790	15,195	16,595
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	30	15	10
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	28,685	10,890	17,795
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	105	50	55
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	875	310	565
Fijian	1,660	955	705	15	10	0
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	500	185	315
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	2,430	870	1,560
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	1,385	650	730
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	960	415	545
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	195	100	95
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	55	15	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	25,220	9,335	15,890
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	45	10	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	395	195	200
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	106,715	47,760	58,955
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	4,320	2,000	2,320
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	100,615	44,925	55,690
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	2,355	1,125	1,225
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	18,360	9,325	9,035
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	390	200	190
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	485	270	210
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	16,990	8,555	8,430
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	885	520	370
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	15	0	10
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	719,495	345,180	374,315
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	2,780	1,400	1,380
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	19,880	9,555	10,325
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	72,175	33,515	38,655
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	905	405	500
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	260	110	150
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	645	295	350
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	71,425	33,190	38,235
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	295	130	170
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	540	260	285
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	6,625	3,220	3,400
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	2,695	1,300	1,390
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	1,595	730	865
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	225	100	120
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	14,585	6,485	8,100
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	40,590	19,210	21,380
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	2,370	1,100	1,265
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	945	415	530
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	1,160	560	600
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	860	410	450
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	7,710	3,290	4,415
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	120	55	65
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	350	210	140
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	100	55	40
Welsh	1,690	830	860	60	35	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	200	125	75
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	44,775	22,230	22,545
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	290	190	105
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	525	250	275
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	3,075	1,615	1,450
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	10	10	0
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	28,000	13,900	14,100
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	100	65	30
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	330	160	170
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	1,135	540	595
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	410	130	280
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	12,225	6,125	6,095
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	155	65	85
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	48,615	24,160	24,455
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	86,210	44,270	41,940
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	56,120	29,130	26,990
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	12,450	6,390	6,055
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	7,805	3,795	4,020
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	14,710	7,835	6,875
Kashmiri	905	490	420	45	35	15
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	145	75	75
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	460	235	220
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	240	125	115
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	17,335	9,415	7,920
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	455	225	230
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	1,255	575	670
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	15,775	8,270	7,505
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	31,345	15,760	15,580
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	945	480	465
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	1,620	895	725
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	29,210	14,660	14,550
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	615	330	285
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	472,760	222,975	249,785
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	655	395	260
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	156,690	75,670	81,015
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	43,920	22,065	21,855
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	38,205	18,360	19,845
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	261,895	120,390	141,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	325	215	110
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	5,265	2,400	2,860
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	200	100	100
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	200	100	100
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	5,710	2,615	3,095
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	225	120	110
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	225	115	110
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	35,895	17,930	17,965
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	1,695	890	805
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	1,715	880	835
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	165	80	85
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	965	610	355
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	2,670	1,390	1,285
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	280	145	135
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	55	20	30
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	220	145	75
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	7,370	3,285	4,080
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	2,110	985	1,125
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	1,860	835	1,025
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	130	55	70
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	4,005	1,960	2,045
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	4,630	2,485	2,140
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	675	370	305
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	12,245	6,310	5,940
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	300	180	120
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	300	180	120
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	3,665	1,470	2,200
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	380	145	240
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	2,195	805	1,390
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	1,230	565	660
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	82,355	38,765	43,595
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	82,175	38,655	43,515
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	30,155	14,080	16,080
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	515	225	295
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	53,410	24,795	28,620
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	20	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	4,010	1,785	2,225
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	1,185	515	670
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	4,195	2,035	2,155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	90	35	50
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	210	125	85
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	70	45	25
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	0	0	0
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	50	35	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	95	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	6,020	2,855	3,165
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	4,975	2,440	2,535
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	1,635	655	980
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	10	0	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	11,155	5,545	5,610
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	445	240	210
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	10,280	5,115	5,165
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	190	85	100
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	180	80	105
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	195	100	95
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	6,630	3,075	3,560
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	120	50	75
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	325	125	200
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	6,180	2,895	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	10	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	1,415	800	610
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	3,135,275	1,532,635	1,602,635
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	647,960	330,550	317,415
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	2,487,310	1,202,085	1,285,230
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	306,210	151,190	155,020
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	2,464,970	1,208,785	1,256,190
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	906,835	438,335	468,495
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	199,205	95,870	103,340
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	109,740	54,190	55,550
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	158,650	75,415	83,235
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	263,385	127,160	136,225
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	114,605	55,380	59,230
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	148,780	71,780	77,000
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	175,855	85,705	90,145
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	69,685	36,700	32,980
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	906,830	438,340	468,490
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	86,215	42,510	43,705
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	143,490	71,640	71,850
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	181,795	82,600	99,200
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	432,620	213,190	219,430
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	62,710	28,400	34,310
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	906,830	438,335	468,495
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	202,820	92,675	110,145
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	5,590	2,690	2,900
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	15,690	7,160	8,535
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	9,685	4,790	4,895
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	2,335	1,005	1,335
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	74,475	32,445	42,030
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	4,115	1,795	2,320
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	12,505	5,640	6,870
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	11,530	5,185	6,345
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	3,665	1,675	1,990
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	16,665	8,505	8,160
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	46,560	21,790	24,770
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	242,700	118,610	124,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	1,025	490	540
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	1,540	790	755
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	52,715	27,840	24,865
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	5,980	2,590	3,390
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	17,695	8,665	9,025
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	2,930	1,390	1,545
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	610	355	255
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	47,855	23,255	24,605
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	1,160	630	535
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	8,965	3,840	5,125
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	15,835	7,625	8,210
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	25,410	12,050	13,355
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	9,780	4,265	5,515
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	1,290	585	705
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	7,400	3,205	4,190
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	9,280	4,800	4,475
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	33,230	16,230	17,000
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	199,510	102,665	96,845
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	53,320	27,715	25,605
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	18,240	9,490	8,750
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	860	425	430
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	600	285	315
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	53,270	27,340	25,930
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	1,085	590	490
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	470	225	240
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	655	350	305
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	71,020	36,240	34,780
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	260,760	123,820	136,940
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	6,125	3,055	3,075
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	7,665	3,855	3,815
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	42,270	17,980	24,290
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	4,490	2,200	2,290
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	17,255	8,905	8,355
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	16,345	8,120	8,225
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	2,925	1,570	1,360
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	1,405	345	1,060
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	3,520	1,625	1,890
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	35,350	18,710	16,645
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	9,440	4,960	4,475
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	22,880	8,620	14,260
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	10,515	5,225	5,285
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	16,225	8,010	8,215
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	2,450	1,020	1,430
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	23,155	10,720	12,435
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	38,735	18,905	19,835
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	1,045	570	480
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	175,850	85,710	90,145
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	39,210	18,630	20,580
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	2,245	1,135	1,120
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	5,120	2,420	2,695
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	1,840	930	910
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	15,580	7,085	8,495
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	155	110	45
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	3,355	1,565	1,795
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	3,175	1,785	1,390
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	1,680	805	875
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	6,055	2,805	3,250
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	30,620	15,510	15,110
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	14,495	7,795	6,700
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	435	200	230
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	100	75	30
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	3,535	1,605	1,930
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	2,615	1,120	1,495
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	1,740	775	960
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	2,070	950	1,125
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	640	425	215
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	4,995	2,565	2,430
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	58,845	29,255	29,590
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	14,910	7,290	7,620
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	5,535	2,690	2,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	2,075	985	1,090
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	3,580	1,755	1,820
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	4,185	2,165	2,020
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	45	30	20
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	115	60	60
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	11,720	5,805	5,915
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	430	225	200
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	70	40	35
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	130	80	50
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	4,620	2,330	2,290
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	11,415	5,800	5,615
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	46,910	22,145	24,760
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	1,035	470	565
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	840	440	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	9,715	4,415	5,305
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	100	35	60
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	2,865	1,505	1,360
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	7,070	3,340	3,725
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	635	315	320
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	595	355	245
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	285	30	255
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	730	310	420
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	3,610	1,930	1,680
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	60	30	30
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	1,565	805	765
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	5,135	2,210	2,925
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	425	200	225
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	855	375	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	6,320	3,175	3,150
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	120	50	75
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	490	250	235
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	280	145	130
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	1,295	485	810
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	2,895	1,290	1,610
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	265	165	100
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	140	90	50
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	125	75	50
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	993,665	483,955	509,710
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	616,115	310,495	305,625
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	1,831,710	889,380	942,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	720,305	348,470	371,840
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	398,125	206,130	191,995
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	190,085	115,490	74,590
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	208,045	90,640	117,405
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	197,715	78,420	119,300
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	114,490	59,200	55,290
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	9,970	4,720	5,250
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	26,875	12,605	14,275
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	25,130	11,810	13,320
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	12,180	5,780	6,405
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	12,080	5,725	6,355
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	870	310	560
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	625	300	325
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	1,125	495	630
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	3,414,610	1,671,225	1,743,385
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	3,441,485	1,683,830	1,757,660
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	6,785	3,305	3,475
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	3,434,700	1,680,520	1,754,185
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	15,330	6,975	8,355
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	14,810	6,750	8,060
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	12,075	5,480	6,600
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	2,235	1,095	1,145
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	500	180	315
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	515	220	295
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	410	170	235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	105	55	55
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	77,950	35,250	42,705
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	76,715	34,615	42,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	66,730	30,105	36,620
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	9,010	4,100	4,915
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	975	410	570
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	1,235	635	600
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	985	535	455
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	185	75	110
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	3,348,210	1,641,610	1,706,605
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,490	1,683,825	1,757,660
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	880,010	430,060	449,950
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	84,410	43,705	40,705
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	87,390	40,155	47,240
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	261,175	124,755	136,420
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	32,480	13,235	19,245
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	105,570	50,975	54,590
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	187,785	98,980	88,805
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	54,485	26,075	28,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	28,530	14,230	14,295
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	6,835	3,240	3,595
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	3,705	1,420	2,290
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	7,945	3,755	4,195
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	19,690	9,535	10,160
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	2,561,475	1,253,765	1,307,715
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	3,441,485	1,683,825	1,757,660
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	93,280	42,220	51,055
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	80,495	36,415	44,075
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	1,835	740	1,090
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	12,705	5,920	6,785
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	1,448,695	700,880	747,810
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	12,270	5,740	6,530
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	24,080	11,545	12,535
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	1,359,895	656,570	703,325
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	360	185	180
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	335	150	185
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	270	115	155
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	565	270	300
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	75,475	37,835	37,640
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	115	55	55
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	1,502,485	739,290	763,195
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	351,250	168,795	182,455
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	375	170	200
Cornish	1,975	995	975	40	20	20
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	119,795	58,530	61,265
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	201,615	94,930	106,685
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	130	70	60
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	107,560	51,340	56,220
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	6,955	3,325	3,630
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	21,980	10,410	11,570
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	729,090	361,085	368,000
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	515	225	285
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	4,160	2,025	2,140
Corsican	1,750	950	805	865	505	365
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	725,705	359,390	366,315
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	130,245	62,930	67,315
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	9,305	4,500	4,810
Bavarian	940	485	455	35	15	15
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	26,665	13,085	13,585
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	14,045	6,855	7,195
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	685	340	345
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	0	10	0
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	75,875	36,030	39,845
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	540	260	275
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	11,635	5,955	5,680
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	95	60	40
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	14,380	6,965	7,410
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	3,370	1,565	1,800
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	1,905	860	1,045
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	615	330	290
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	3,960	1,960	2,005
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	4,360	2,085	2,270
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	1,115	545	570
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	201,045	97,360	103,685
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	8,070	3,900	4,165
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	2,055	1,005	1,050
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	4,820	2,285	2,540
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	1,565	805	760
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	735	385	350
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	23,130	11,495	11,635
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	1,430	680	750
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	5,410	2,715	2,695
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	7,075	3,450	3,625
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	60,900	29,655	31,245
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	46,430	22,625	23,805
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	47,120	22,340	24,785
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	3,575	1,810	1,770
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	32,465	15,550	16,910
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	2,655	1,375	1,275
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	434,525	215,445	219,085
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	3,180	1,640	1,540
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	870	430	440
Catalan	1,280	740	535	545	270	275
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	4,920	2,435	2,490
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	420	210	205
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	64,400	32,690	31,710
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	260,155	128,795	131,355
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	310	170	140
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	590	320	265
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	830	435	395
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	340	190	150
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	52,935	26,595	26,340
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	3,515	1,650	1,860
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	950	485	465
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	1,965	945	1,015
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	63,970	31,020	32,950
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	2,005	945	1,060
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	210	130	80
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	30,295	15,480	14,815
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	2,070	1,100	970
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	23,055	11,795	11,255
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	330	200	130
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	260	125	135
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	4,810	2,405	2,405
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	177,195	82,035	95,160
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	310	140	165
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	360	180	180
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	4,735	2,190	2,545
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	60	20	45
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	365	140	220
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	7,360	3,605	3,755
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	9,490	4,335	5,155
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	1,790	710	1,080
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	775	375	405
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	129,010	59,435	69,575
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	11,775	5,550	6,225
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	315	170	150
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	1,340	640	700
Montserratan	930	460	470	220	125	95
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	395	200	195
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	730	365	360
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	5,685	2,570	3,115
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	3,665	1,510	2,150
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	5,020	2,270	2,750
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	3,475	1,640	1,835
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	128,475	62,155	66,315
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	4,625	2,165	2,455
Arawak	1,440	610	830	135	35	100
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	4,010	2,010	2,000
Belizean	1,755	915	845	45	20	20
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	1,300	645	650
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	6,265	3,065	3,210
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	11,400	5,715	5,675
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	21,445	10,015	11,435
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	870	405	460
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	2,155	980	1,180
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	8,245	4,275	3,975
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	3,255	1,590	1,670
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	850	435	410
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	3,755	1,880	1,880
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	1,255	720	540
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	19,765	9,520	10,245
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	2,010	965	1,045
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	1,245	655	590
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	260	120	140
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	16,650	7,815	8,835
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	16,715	8,250	8,470
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	1,420	665	755
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	6,460	2,925	3,535
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	4,805	2,430	2,370
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	312,085	159,925	152,165
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	62,370	31,995	30,375
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	505	270	235
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	740	345	390
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	105	75	25
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	2,800	1,485	1,315
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	1,675	900	780
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	12,925	6,495	6,435
Chadian	1,845	955	885	750	375	380
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	13,765	6,625	7,135
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	95	50	45
Ewe	845	470	375	330	190	140
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	655	290	365
Gambian	975	495	475	115	75	50
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	2,825	1,440	1,385
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	4,135	2,175	1,960
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	165	80	80
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	6,015	3,035	2,980
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	85	30	50
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	2,460	1,230	1,230
Malinké	1,125	585	535	520	280	240
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	2,250	1,220	1,035
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	1,725	880	845
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	5,775	3,110	2,665
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	105	55	55
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	2,770	1,470	1,305
Wolof	840	495	345	490	290	200
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	350	175	175
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	4,480	2,430	2,050
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	196,985	102,430	94,555
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	53,495	27,540	25,950
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	29,440	15,420	14,020
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	660	365	295
Dinka	900	500	400	20	10	15
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	26,465	13,735	12,730
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	920	500	415
Maure	1,190	655	535	410	230	180
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	75,540	38,925	36,615
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	280	150	130
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	17,225	9,335	7,885
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	2,885	1,615	1,275
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	18,965	9,240	9,730
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	95	65	30
Amhara	1,530	815	715	40	20	20
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	1,275	675	600
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	2,930	1,385	1,545
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	235	105	130
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	505	255	250
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	1,350	685	665
Harari	665	355	305	15	10	10
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	430	220	210
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	2,455	1,220	1,240
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	3,195	1,485	1,705
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	20	10	10
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	2,835	1,340	1,490
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	705	320	385
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	1,350	660	685
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	675	350	320
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	165	95	70
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	70	25	45
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	150	70	80
Zambian	1,860	935	920	30	10	20
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	255	135	120
Zulu	945	475	475	45	25	20
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	995	475	520
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	37,040	17,995	19,045
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	2,840	1,350	1,490
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	34,720	16,910	17,815
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	497,295	243,865	253,435
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	210,610	108,180	102,430
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	9,170	4,670	4,500
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	38,355	20,120	18,235
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	25,810	12,675	13,130
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	345	195	155
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	505	270	235
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	545	255	295
Hazara	1,515	810	705	350	165	190
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	23,060	11,570	11,485
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	4,575	2,305	2,270
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	5,745	3,055	2,695
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	1,365	725	640
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	540	260	280
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	1,830	985	845
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	75	35	40
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	210	110	100
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	67,300	35,160	32,135
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	6,230	3,190	3,040
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	480	270	215
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	610	365	245
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	24,250	12,245	12,005
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	315	140	180
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	790	375	415
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	13,145	6,450	6,695
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	40	30	15
Uighur	1,555	775	785	325	150	175
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	395	180	215
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	695	375	320
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	2,190	1,225	965
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	88,930	45,485	43,445
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	6,805	3,495	3,315
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	4,035	1,990	2,050
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	50	30	20
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	47,235	24,255	22,975
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	195	100	100
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	405	205	205
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	260	155	105
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	280	150	125
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	12,900	6,645	6,255
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	2,950	1,665	1,285
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	260	110	150
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	14,440	7,130	7,300
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	3,045	1,585	1,460
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	2,080	1,150	925
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	200,540	91,440	109,100
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	220	130	90
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	13,100	6,275	6,820
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	106,040	48,825	57,215
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	34,895	14,290	20,600
Hmong	805	420	390	30	10	20
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	1,040	440	600
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	5,115	2,045	3,075
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	0	0	0
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	7,370	3,490	3,880
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	6,350	3,215	3,135
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	515	235	280
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	725	330	395
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	100	60	40
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	1,915	820	1,095
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	1,870	765	1,105
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	65	35	30
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	37,935	18,285	19,650
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	240	110	130
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	1,605	835	770
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	1,605	835	770
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	2,320	1,240	1,080
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	1,545	870	675
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	335	165	165
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	510	240	270
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	60	25	35
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	40	20	20
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	60	35	20
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	160	70	90
Samoan	1,100	625	475	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	210	100	110
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	792,165	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	701,275	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	257,170	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	1,236,270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,445	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	15,695	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	319,095	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	478,475	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	443,605	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	236,570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	652,580	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	260,010	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	154,685	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	141,880	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	284,290	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,445	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	1,462,860	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	30,580	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	1,400,980	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	92,465	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,445	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	408,255	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	489,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	210,540	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	139,245	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	82,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	89,310	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	74,350	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	1,393,340	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,440	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	940,735	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	523,875	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	28,830	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	1,493,445	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	51,085	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	228,605	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	282,645	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	301,455	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	281,400	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	199,555	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	110,325	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	38,365	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	1,491,345	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	1,111,925	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	379,420	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	326,480	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	792,065	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	63.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	16.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	1,194	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	1,283	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	324,403	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	383,731	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	701,275	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	8.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	36.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	781	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	848	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	491,785	240,535	251,245
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	611,030	295,005	316,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	1,754,215	849,920	904,300
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	358,465	207,255	151,210
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	259,375	133,375	126,000
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	99,090	73,880	25,205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	497,000	223,425	273,570
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	115,785	48,355	67,425
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	782,965	370,880	412,085
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	482,435	220,110	262,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	73,335	34,170	39,170
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	21,590	10,810	10,780
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	174,310	87,200	87,115
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	31,290	18,595	12,695
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	1,912,585	940,435	972,145
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	206,950	110,950	96,005
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	341,735	171,985	169,750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	1,363,900	657,500	706,390
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	273,400	154,245	119,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	200,515	100,170	100,345
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	72,885	54,075	18,815
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	347,985	160,640	187,345
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	87,310	37,135	50,175
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	655,200	305,480	349,725
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	401,200	182,205	218,990
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	60,400	27,015	33,380
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	17,110	7,535	9,575
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	151,140	74,420	76,720
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	25,355	14,310	11,050
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,102,810	535,545	567,270
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	102,085	22,195	79,890
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	102,085	22,195	79,890
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	94,275	44,290	49,985
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	13,840	10,310	3,530
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	80,430	33,980	46,450
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	116,935	44,455	72,485
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	20,775	4,560	16,215
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	10,015	3,030	6,985
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	50,080	20,005	30,070
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	435	190	250
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	6,135	3,780	2,350
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	3,905	2,555	1,345
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	9,590	5,365	4,225
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	16,000	4,955	11,040
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	214,200	74,870	139,330
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	2,660	720	1,945
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	29,730	10,390	19,340
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	33,100	3,125	29,975
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	39,735	15,560	24,175
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	4,545	1,105	3,440
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	29,500	7,225	22,275
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	74,925	36,750	38,180
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	421,125	173,085	248,040
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	405	160	245
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	17,875	4,005	13,875
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	402,845	168,920	233,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	79,455	42,570	36,885
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	29,100	11,835	17,265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	14,900	8,725	6,180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	8,800	4,465	4,330
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	23,670	15,945	7,725
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	2,990	1,600	1,390
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	87,380	61,300	26,075
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	71,550	53,710	17,840
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	5,630	1,065	4,560
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	8,870	5,530	3,345
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	1,330	995	330
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	318,500	281,185	37,315
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	16,935	9,875	7,065
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	100,950	81,795	19,160
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	53,920	48,495	5,425
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	35	10	25
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	58,165	56,225	1,940
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	55,545	53,570	1,980
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	32,945	31,220	1,730
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	17,360	9,155	8,205
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	11,715	5,995	5,725
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	5,640	3,160	2,480
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	202,960	44,940	158,020
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	11,855	5,975	5,875
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	184,595	35,435	149,155
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	6,515	3,530	2,985
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	99,745	51,810	47,940
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	58,480	17,360	41,120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	100	90	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	380	370	15
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	21,495	16,710	4,785
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	19,285	17,275	2,015
Other	3,170	885	2,280	205	70	130
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	200	70	135
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	1,912,580	940,435	972,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	548,685	282,930	265,755
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	71,150	14,685	56,470
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	71,150	14,680	56,470
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	74,475	35,380	39,095
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	10,710	7,805	2,905
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	63,760	27,575	36,190
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	78,605	29,915	48,690
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	16,430	3,580	12,850
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	7,685	2,305	5,380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	28,550	12,130	16,420
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	295	125	175
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	4,375	2,710	1,670
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	2,400	1,595	805
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	7,025	4,020	3,000
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	11,835	3,450	8,390
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	169,075	57,940	111,135
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	2,180	570	1,610
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	24,825	8,795	16,035
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	26,505	2,155	24,350
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	32,380	11,895	20,485
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	3,130	775	2,355
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	22,735	5,345	17,385
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	57,325	28,410	28,920
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	341,060	137,975	203,080
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	325	135	195
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	14,395	3,185	11,205
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	326,335	134,655	191,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	53,615	27,870	25,745
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	24,020	9,525	14,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	7,635	4,415	3,225
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	1,880	1,085	790
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	17,795	11,625	6,170
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	2,280	1,220	1,055
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	76,745	54,155	22,590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	64,640	48,500	16,140
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	4,430	880	3,550
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	6,695	4,080	2,610
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	980	695	290
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	250,200	217,215	32,980
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	14,265	8,120	6,145
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	86,415	68,905	17,510
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	41,310	36,800	4,510
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	35	10	20
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	42,255	40,600	1,655
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	41,825	40,155	1,670
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	24,090	22,620	1,470
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	14,475	7,435	7,040
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	9,610	4,745	4,865
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	4,865	2,695	2,170
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	156,205	34,180	122,020
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	9,755	4,855	4,900
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	141,345	26,875	114,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	5,100	2,455	2,650
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	78,130	40,700	37,430
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	45,060	13,130	31,935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	65	55	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	245	230	10
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	16,750	12,945	3,805
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	16,010	14,335	1,670
Other	2,590	745	1,845	170	45	120
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	170	50	120
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,102,815	535,545	567,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	1,754,220	849,920	904,295
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	1,449,780	694,595	755,185
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	1,398,585	667,795	730,785
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	51,195	26,800	24,395
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	304,435	155,325	149,110
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	20,200	11,950	8,245
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	11,735	3,385	8,350
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	6,475	3,485	2,990
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	8,760	5,040	3,720
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	15,430	6,990	8,435
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	49,795	28,030	21,765
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	192,050	96,455	95,600
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	1,912,585	940,435	972,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	548,685	282,930	265,750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	1,363,895	657,505	706,395
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	1,113,230	532,330	580,900
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	1,073,585	511,835	561,750
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	39,645	20,490	19,150
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	250,670	125,175	125,495
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	14,585	8,310	6,275
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	9,840	2,745	7,095
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	4,620	2,345	2,275
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	5,830	3,330	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	13,835	6,185	7,650
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	41,955	23,255	18,695
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	160,005	79,015	80,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	1,876,245	968,165	908,080
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	1,731,345	889,975	841,370
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	144,895	78,190	66,705
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	980,785	417,300	563,485
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	65.7	69.9	61.7
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	60.6	64.2	57.2
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	7.7	8.1	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	2,857,030	1,385,465	1,471,565
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	939,280	397,870	541,410
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	1,917,745	987,595	930,155
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	900,485	494,500	405,980
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	1,017,265	493,090	524,175
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	42.4	42.8	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	1,876,245	968,165	908,080
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	55,950	28,015	27,935
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	1,820,295	940,150	880,145
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	1,605,355	806,625	798,725
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	214,945	133,525	81,415
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	1,876,245	968,165	908,080
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	55,950	28,015	27,935
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	1,820,295	940,150	880,145
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	195,940	121,825	74,115
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	328,325	112,295	216,030
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	150,130	117,385	32,745
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	123,630	27,345	96,285
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	223,385	67,350	156,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	80,795	39,825	40,970
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	446,655	218,635	228,020
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	188,645	177,420	11,225
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	10,395	8,765	1,630
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	72,400	49,305	23,095
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	1,876,240	968,165	908,080
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	55,950	28,010	27,940
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	1,820,295	940,150	880,140
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	5,575	3,470	2,105
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	2,160	1,615	545
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	11,975	7,575	4,395
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	84,025	72,805	11,225
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	176,725	121,710	55,015
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	85,240	52,785	32,455
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	217,870	105,690	112,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	88,900	66,225	22,675
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	67,355	40,170	27,185
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	92,360	41,210	51,155
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	34,100	19,885	14,215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	172,105	98,800	73,310
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	2,425	915	1,510
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	88,710	53,180	35,530
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	142,910	47,570	95,335
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	221,370	45,755	175,610
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	42,295	22,175	20,115
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	123,345	63,030	60,315
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	79,135	34,005	45,135
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	81,695	41,575	40,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	1,731,345	889,975	841,375
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	115,440	59,135	56,310
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	6,240	4,425	1,815
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	147,265	106,145	41,125
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	1,462,395	720,270	742,130
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	1,462,395	720,270	742,130
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	749,930	353,160	396,760
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	206,610	101,195	105,415
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	500,850	262,820	238,030
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	5,010	3,090	1,920
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	1,609,665	826,410	783,255
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	1,013,430	563,125	450,305
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	51,850	17,375	34,475
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	405,265	175,440	229,825
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	89,475	40,060	49,415
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	36,415	23,180	13,235
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	13,235	7,235	5,995
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	1,609,660	826,415	783,255
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	272,975	126,840	146,135
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	521,490	271,540	249,950
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	428,470	234,340	194,135
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	202,860	103,215	99,645
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	183,860	90,470	93,395
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	1,609,665	826,410	783,250
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	112,530	83,300	29,230
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	272,180	156,545	115,625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	451,420	205,525	245,895
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	340,865	152,480	188,385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	195,405	91,290	104,120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	237,265	137,265	100,000
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,325
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	1,726,980	883,560	843,425
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	1,708,380	874,295	834,080
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	387,615	208,840	178,775
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	1,320,765	665,460	655,305
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	18,605	9,260	9,345
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	55	10	40
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	25	10	15
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	30	10	15
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	15	15	10
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	0	10	0	0	0
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	25	0	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	30	0	25
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	15	10	10	0	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	18,550	9,245	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	1,760	1,030	730
Berber languages	35	10	30	35	0	25
Kabyle	20	0	20	20	0	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	20	10	10
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	1,725	1,020	705
Amharic	200	95	100	0	0	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	1,585	955	630
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	0	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	140	70	70
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	1,585	795	795
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	255	115	140
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	1,335	685	650
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	10	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	10	10	0
Creole languages	350	125	225	255	80	175
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	240	70	170
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	10	0	10
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	145	75	70
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	8,020	3,890	4,135
Albanian	350	220	125	20	15	0
Armenian	450	220	230	280	135	145
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	1,020	445	575
Baltic languages	95	35	60	15	10	10
Latvian	40	10	25	10	0	10
Lithuanian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	1,000	435	565
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	205	110	90	45	10	30
Croatian	220	130	95	10	10	10
Czech	70	40	30	10	0	10
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	155	60	95
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	665	310	350
Serbian	530	320	210	15	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	1,090	450	630
Afrikaans	85	40	40	0	0	0
Danish	90	50	35	10	10	10
Dutch	1,165	630	540	20	10	15
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	195	70	120
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	0	0	0
Swedish	125	55	70	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	850	370	480
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	515	260	255
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	1,225	705	520
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	635	365	275
Bengali	530	275	245	100	75	30
Gujarati	880	300	585	20	10	10
Hindi	1,405	755	650	35	25	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	410	225	190
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	75	40	35
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	585	335	245
Kurdish	185	150	40	10	0	10
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	570	340	230
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	3,885	1,885	2,005
Catalan	30	10	20	10	0	10
Italian	1,705	895	805	560	300	260
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	510	300	215
Romanian	745	365	380	305	135	165
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	2,500	1,140	1,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	215	75	140
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	10	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	10	0	10
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	295	145	150
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	20	15	10
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	15	10	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	95	35	70
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	60	10	55
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	35	25	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	5,795	2,970	2,820
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	5,795	2,970	2,825
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	2,600	1,290	1,310
Hakka	70	25	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	2,910	1,530	1,380
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	70	35	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	200	105	95
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	0	0	0
Burmese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Karenic languages	135	75	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	65	25	40
Lao	150	70	80	50	20	25
Thai	525	205	325	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	100	50	45
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	10	0	0
Turkish	685	435	255	90	45	50
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	40	0	30
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	435	225	215	40	10	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	10	0	0
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	251,260	133,360	117,895
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	229,525	122,235	107,295
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	5,745	3,285	2,460
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	5,355	2,480	2,875
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	10,630	5,360	5,270
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	1,978,240	1,016,915	961,320
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	1,138,970	572,880	566,090
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	560,025	296,475	263,550
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	223,325	118,290	105,040
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	37,570	19,885	17,685
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	150	60	90
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	37,420	19,825	17,595
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	1,470	690	780
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	11,175	5,485	5,690
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	5,645	3,180	2,470
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	45	30	15
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	3,403,225	1,664,265	1,738,960
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	2,974,895	1,452,100	1,522,800
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	428,325	212,165	216,160
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	265,230	131,400	133,830
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	163,090	80,765	82,325
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	114,820	56,515	58,300
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	103,915	50,710	53,210
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	10,905	5,810	5,095
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	48,270	24,245	24,030
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	3,244,940	1,583,295	1,661,650
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	1,979,750	960,675	1,019,075
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	1,265,195	622,620	642,575
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	716,775	352,890	363,890
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	548,415	269,735	278,685
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	356,905	173,875	183,025
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	330,025	160,425	169,600
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	26,880	13,455	13,425
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	191,515	95,855	95,660

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and Montréal [Population centre], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Montréal [Population centre], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Canada [Country] and Montréal [Population centre], Quebec

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and Montréal [Population centre], Quebec