Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brooks [Population centre], Alberta and Portage la Prairie, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Brooks Alberta [Population centre]			Portage la Prairie, CY Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Brooks [Population centre], Alberta Map : Brooks [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Portage la Prairie, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	14,436	...	...	13,304	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	13,656 ^r	...	...	12,996	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	5,406	...	...	5,794	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	5,040	...	...	5,576	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,122.3	...	...	539.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	12.86	...	...	24.68	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	14,430	7,465	6,965	13,305	6,365	6,935
0 to 14 years	3,290	1,695	1,595	2,600	1,305	1,295
0 to 4 years	1,170	630	540	930	475	460
5 to 9 years	1,120	570	545	860	425	435
10 to 14 years	1,000	495	505	810	405	405
15 to 64 years	9,605	5,095	4,505	8,215	4,035	4,175
15 to 19 years	955	490	470	830	455	375
20 to 24 years	790	440	350	805	410	395
25 to 29 years	940	470	475	885	430	455
30 to 34 years	1,240	645	595	765	390	380
35 to 39 years	1,335	705	635	705	305	405
40 to 44 years	1,215	685	535	715	360	355
45 to 49 years	925	520	410	760	370	395
50 to 54 years	825	415	415	920	445	475
55 to 59 years	750	415	340	980	485	500
60 to 64 years	620	320	305	835	390	445
65 years and over	1,540	675	865	2,490	1,025	1,465
65 to 69 years	485	245	235	700	325	375
70 to 74 years	350	160	185	585	255	330
75 to 79 years	240	105	135	430	180	245
80 to 84 years	185	70	115	330	140	190
85 years and over	280	90	195	445	125	320
85 to 89 years	145	55	90	280	90	190
90 to 94 years	95	25	70	125	30	90
95 to 99 years	35	10	25	35	5	35
100 years and over	0	0	5	10	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.8	22.7	22.9	19.5	20.5	18.7
15 to 64 years	66.6	68.3	64.7	61.7	63.4	60.2
65 years and over	10.7	9.0	12.4	18.7	16.1	21.1
85 years and over	1.9	1.2	2.8	3.3	2.0	4.6
Average age of the population	35.5	34.8	36.2	40.6	38.9	42.2
Median age of the population	35.0	35.0	35.0	40.3	38.2	42.3
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
Single-detached house	2,780	...	...	3,940	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	200	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,880	...	...	1,350	...	...
Semi-detached house	385	...	...	140	...	...
Row house	505	...	...	320	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	205	...	...	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	780	...	...	830	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	385	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
1 person	1,095	...	...	1,925	...	...
2 persons	1,570	...	...	1,860	...	...
3 persons	875	...	...	750	...	...
4 persons	825	...	...	605	...	...
5 or more persons	675	...	...	430	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,980	...	...	12,765	...	...
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	11,140	5,775	5,370	10,705	5,065	5,640
Married or living common law	6,630	3,450	3,175	5,525	2,760	2,765
Married	5,575	2,925	2,645	4,480	2,245	2,235
Living common law	1,050	530	525	1,045	515	530
Not married and not living common law	4,520	2,315	2,195	5,180	2,305	2,870
Never married	2,925	1,745	1,180	3,270	1,740	1,530
Separated	355	170	185	325	140	185
Divorced	640	290	345	695	245	450
Widowed	605	115	485	890	175	715
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	3,695	...	...	3,540	...	...
2 persons	1,630	...	...	1,890	...	...
3 persons	800	...	...	740	...	...
4 persons	765	...	...	580	...	...
5 or more persons	505	...	...	335	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	3,695	...	...	3,535	...	...
Total couple families	3,035	...	...	2,675	...	...
Married couples	2,510	...	...	2,155	...	...
Common-law couples	525	...	...	520	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	660	...	...	860	...	...
Female parent	530	...	...	705	...	...
Male parent	130	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	3,035	...	...	2,680	...	...
Couples without children	1,270	...	...	1,435	...	...
Couples with children	1,765	...	...	1,245	...	...
1 child	600	...	...	490	...	...
2 children	700	...	...	480	...	...
3 or more children	465	...	...	275	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	665	...	...	860	...	...
1 child	360	...	...	455	...	...
2 children	200	...	...	255	...	...
3 or more children	105	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,530	1,620	910	2,620	1,175	1,445
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
One-census-family households	3,455	...	...	3,385	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	1,190	...	...	1,405	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	2,265	...	...	1,985	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	115	...	...	75	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,465	...	...	2,115	...	...
One-person households	1,095	...	...	1,925	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	370	...	...	185	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	14,320	7,420	6,900	12,805	6,115	6,690
English only	13,440	7,005	6,435	11,995	5,745	6,245
French only	60	25	35	5	0	5
English and French	475	250	225	775	350	420
Neither English nor French	345	135	210	35	15	20
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	14,320	7,420	6,895	12,805	6,115	6,690
English	13,645	7,095	6,550	12,550	5,995	6,555
French	230	125	105	210	100	110
English and French	100	65	40	10	5	5
Neither English nor French	340	135	205	30	15	15
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	280	160	120	215	100	115
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.2	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	14,320	7,420	6,900	12,805	6,115	6,685
Single responses	13,870	7,175	6,695	12,625	6,030	6,595
Official languages	9,460	4,785	4,670	11,465	5,485	5,980
English	9,285	4,700	4,590	11,210	5,370	5,840
French	175	85	80	250	115	135
Non-official languages	4,415	2,390	2,025	1,160	545	620
Aboriginal languages	15	5	10	180	65	110
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	160	60	100
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	0	5
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140	55	90
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	50	90
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	5	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,400	2,385	2,015	985	475	505
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,360	770	595	5	5	5
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	995	565	430	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	5	0	0	0
Oromo	430	230	205	0	0	0
Somali	555	330	225	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	355	195	165	5	5	5
Amharic	95	50	45	0	0	0
Arabic	205	110	95	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	30	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	95	50	55	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,050	550	495	185	90	95
Bikol	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	140	70	70	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	25	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	795	415	375	175	80	95
Waray-Waray	30	20	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	65	35	30
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	55	30	25
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	0
Telugu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,115	625	490	650	315	340
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	45	45	140	60	80
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	5	0	0
Slavic languages	85	45	40	135	55	80
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	5
Bosnian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5	10	10	10
Russian	20	10	15	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	45	20	20	95	35	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	215	120	95	320	150	175
Afrikaans	10	10	5	10	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	30	10	25	20	5	20
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	160	100	65	285	135	150
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	125	85	85	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	180	105	70	80	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	5	15	10	5
Hindi	20	10	10	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	45	25	25	10	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	70	45	30	25	15	10
Iranian languages	20	15	5	5	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	5	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	335	265	100	60	45
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Romanian	5	5	5	5	0	0
Spanish	585	325	260	85	45	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	20	10	5	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	160	85	80	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	5	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	75	35	40	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	180	100	80	0	0	0
Dinka	130	70	60	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	130	140	10	5	5
Chinese languages	270	130	140	15	5	5
Cantonese	35	15	20	5	5	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	105	105	0	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	25	15	10
Lao	15	5	10	20	10	5
Thai	15	10	10	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hungarian	40	20	20	5	5	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	450	250	205	180	85	90
English and French	25	10	15	40	15	15
English and non-official language	380	205	175	140	65	75
French and non-official language	35	25	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	14,320	7,420	6,900	12,805	6,115	6,685
Single responses	13,260	6,855	6,405	12,550	5,995	6,555
Official languages	10,280	5,210	5,070	12,145	5,785	6,360
English	10,165	5,150	5,020	12,100	5,765	6,340
French	115	65	55	45	25	25
Non-official languages	2,980	1,640	1,335	400	205	190
Aboriginal languages	5	5	0	35	15	20
Algonquian languages	0	5	0	35	15	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	30	15	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,970	1,640	1,330	365	195	175
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,145	650	500	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	895	510	390	0	0	0
Bilen	10	5	5	0	0	0
Oromo	385	210	175	0	0	0
Somali	500	295	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	240	135	105	0	0	0
Amharic	80	45	35	0	0	0
Arabic	125	65	60	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	20	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	595	320	275	90	50	40
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	55	25	25	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	265	235	90	50	40
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0	25	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	705	400	310	200	105	95
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	20	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	25	10	15
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	5	15	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	20	15	10	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	50	25	20
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	15	10	5	45	20	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	95	65	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages	135	80	55	50	25	25
Bengali	0	0	0	5	5	5
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hindi	15	10	10	5	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	35	25	10	5	5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	55	30	25	20	15	10
Iranian languages	20	10	5	5	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	5	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	475	265	205	70	40	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Romanian	5	0	0	0	5	0
Spanish	470	270	205	55	35	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	5	5	0	0	5
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	20	10	10	5
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	35	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	35	15	15	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	65	50	0	0	0
Dinka	90	45	40	0	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	105	95	5	0	5
Chinese languages	200	100	100	5	0	5
Cantonese	30	15	15	5	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	165	85	85	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	10	0	5
Lao	5	5	5	10	5	5
Thai	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,060	565	490	260	120	135
English and French	30	20	10	15	10	10
English and non-official language	985	530	460	240	120	130
French and non-official language	15	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	15	10	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	14,320	7,420	6,895	12,805	6,120	6,690
None	12,250	6,310	5,935	12,025	5,755	6,275
English	1,120	610	510	205	110	100
French	85	40	40	155	70	85
Non-official language	815	425	385	405	180	225
Aboriginal	10	5	5	135	50	85
Non-Aboriginal	805	420	380	270	125	140
English and French	15	15	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	30	20	15	5	5	5
French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	10,700	5,595	5,100	10,165	4,785	5,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,060	5,280	4,785	9,785	4,605	5,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,360	46,347	32,280	33,950	40,596	29,688
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	10,065	5,275	4,785	9,790	4,605	5,190
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,656	41,104	29,690	30,339	35,087	27,053
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	9,330	5,055	4,270	8,730	4,225	4,505
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,636	45,687	29,672	31,308	38,272	25,541
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,205	2,605	3,600	7,310	3,070	4,240
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,614	3,232	5,280	7,029	5,240	8,064
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	8,520	4,705	3,815	6,995	3,560	3,440
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,630	45,062	29,905	33,518	40,026	28,729
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	10,705	5,600	5,105	10,165	4,785	5,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,075	5,225	4,845	9,725	4,540	5,185
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,951	58,805	36,257	40,460	46,172	35,456
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	10,070	5,225	4,850	9,725	4,540	5,180
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,631	48,734	31,901	34,202	38,224	30,677
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	9,345	5,050	4,295	8,705	4,145	4,560
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,984	57,560	34,554	38,067	44,925	31,824
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,235	2,575	3,665	7,275	3,030	4,245
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,073	6,490	7,483	8,515	7,668	9,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	8,525	4,700	3,820	6,995	3,460	3,535
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,787	54,352	33,024	38,913	45,096	32,853
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	10,705	5,600	5,105	10,165	4,780	5,385
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	4,040	2,475	1,560	3,355	1,835	1,520
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,657	52,917	41,868	48,161	54,321	43,770
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	57,401	64,232	46,582	54,103	59,900	47,097
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.6	94.3	84.0	84.2	89.4	78.2
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	79.4	83.0	72.9	69.5	75.3	62.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.4	5.7	16.0	15.8	10.6	21.8
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	10,700	5,600	5,100	10,165	4,785	5,380
Without total income	640	320	320	380	185	195
With total income	10,060	5,275	4,785	9,790	4,600	5,185
Percentage with total income	94.0	94.2	93.8	96.3	96.1	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,085	375	705	1,170	550	620
$10,000 to $19,999	1,150	435	715	1,580	585	995
$20,000 to $29,999	1,275	485	785	1,585	580	1,005
$30,000 to $39,999	1,295	535	760	1,340	545	790
$40,000 to $49,999	1,895	1,070	825	1,335	635	700
$50,000 to $59,999	875	520	355	920	525	400
$60,000 to $69,999	640	425	215	515	315	200
$70,000 to $79,999	420	300	115	450	285	165
$80,000 to $89,999	360	270	90	315	195	120
$90,000 to $99,999	280	200	80	175	110	65
$100,000 and over	790	655	135	405	275	130
$100,000 to $149,999	585	480	105	310	210	100
$150,000 and over	210	175	35	90	65	30
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	10,700	5,595	5,100	10,165	4,780	5,380
Without after-tax income	640	325	315	375	180	195
With after-tax income	10,060	5,275	4,785	9,790	4,600	5,190
Percentage with after-tax income	94.0	94.3	93.8	96.3	96.2	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,115	385	725	1,205	555	645
$10,000 to $19,999	1,215	460	755	1,715	650	1,070
$20,000 to $29,999	1,515	580	935	1,915	720	1,195
$30,000 to $39,999	2,060	1,045	1,020	1,765	785	980
$40,000 to $49,999	1,560	905	655	1,300	720	580
$50,000 to $59,999	860	580	280	765	450	310
$60,000 to $69,999	545	390	150	520	320	200
$70,000 to $79,999	385	280	105	250	150	95
$80,000 and over	800	645	155	360	250	110
$80,000 to $89,999	250	190	65	130	90	40
$90,000 to $99,999	195	155	35	95	65	25
$100,000 and over	355	300	55	140	95	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	10,695	5,595	5,100	10,170	4,780	5,380
Without employment income	2,180	890	1,285	3,170	1,225	1,945
With employment income	8,520	4,705	3,815	7,000	3,560	3,440
Percentage with employment income	79.7	84.1	74.8	68.8	74.5	63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	770	310	460	815	370	445
$5,000 to $9,999	510	205	300	490	225	265
$10,000 to $19,999	915	370	545	900	385	515
$20,000 to $29,999	1,000	390	610	970	415	555
$30,000 to $39,999	965	430	530	895	395	505
$40,000 to $49,999	1,675	1,000	680	880	450	425
$50,000 to $59,999	655	425	230	610	380	235
$60,000 to $69,999	505	355	155	400	250	150
$70,000 to $79,999	345	270	75	330	225	105
$80,000 and over	1,185	950	235	710	470	235
$80,000 to $89,999	300	235	70	270	160	105
$90,000 to $99,999	255	175	80	140	90	50
$100,000 and over	625	545	85	300	215	80
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	83,891	...	...	58,368	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	73,216	...	...	51,499	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,100	...	...	1,925	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,648	...	...	33,536	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,601	...	...	29,739	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	3,940	...	...	3,645	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,520	...	...	77,267	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,591	...	...	67,044	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	5,045	...	...	5,575	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	95,806	...	...	70,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	81,180	...	...	59,636	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,090	...	...	1,930	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,257	...	...	37,944	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,886	...	...	32,526	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	3,950	...	...	3,645	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	107,821	...	...	87,855	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,470	...	...	74,025	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	145	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	165	...	...	320	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	125	...	...	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...	270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	170	...	...	295	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...	305	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	220	...	...	270	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	350	...	...	500	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	335	...	...	415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	370	...	...	440	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	460	...	...	335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	355	...	...	275	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,885	...	...	1,235	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	675	...	...	510	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	470	...	...	330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	480	...	...	250	...	...
$200,000 and over	260	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	5,040	...	...	5,580	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...	150	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	285	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	180	...	...	365	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	145	...	...	345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	170	...	...	340	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	235	...	...	365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	250	...	...	325	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	235	...	...	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	410	...	...	570	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	475	...	...	530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	510	...	...	390	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	430	...	...	335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	355	...	...	260	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,370	...	...	775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	655	...	...	410	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	345	...	...	200	...	...
$150,000 and over	375	...	...	170	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	3,680	...	...	3,520	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,574	...	...	77,078	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,752	...	...	66,736	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	1,180	...	...	1,370	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,723	...	...	77,940	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	76,439	...	...	66,509	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	1,770	...	...	1,255	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,728	...	...	103,219	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,034	...	...	88,064	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	610	...	...	805	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,488	...	...	44,288	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	44,736	...	...	41,472	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	3,690	...	...	3,510	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	103,319	...	...	87,859	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,435	...	...	73,971	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	1,180	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	107,426	...	...	86,803	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	89,104	...	...	72,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	1,750	...	...	1,255	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,337	...	...	113,811	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,017	...	...	94,553	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	640	...	...	785	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,936	...	...	51,162	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,740	...	...	46,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	2,185	1,425	755	2,305	1,025	1,275
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	41,594	43,339	35,285	32,303	35,477	30,784
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,060	38,848	32,592	28,975	30,784	27,925
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	2,145	1,415	730	2,300	1,015	1,285
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,556	49,222	44,319	37,003	38,932	35,478
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	40,488	41,457	38,607	31,732	32,739	30,936
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	13,985	7,285	6,695	12,765	6,085	6,680
In the bottom half of the distribution	7,270	3,750	3,525	7,730	3,505	4,225
In the bottom decile	990	495	495	1,710	745	965
In the second decile	1,270	585	685	1,590	660	930
In the third decile	1,470	755	710	1,505	700	810
In the fourth decile	1,640	860	785	1,530	720	810
In the fifth decile	1,890	1,050	845	1,395	680	720
In the top half of the distribution	6,715	3,540	3,175	5,030	2,585	2,455
In the sixth decile	1,635	850	790	1,320	670	650
In the seventh decile	1,655	855	795	1,185	605	580
In the eighth decile	1,305	685	615	1,170	595	570
In the ninth decile	1,220	655	560	890	465	430
In the top decile	900	490	410	470	245	220
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	13,980	7,290	6,695	12,765	6,085	6,680
0 to 17 years	3,915	2,010	1,895	3,090	1,565	1,530
0 to 5 years	1,370	735	635	1,105	570	535
18 to 64 years	8,925	4,730	4,190	7,435	3,580	3,855
65 years and over	1,145	540	605	2,235	940	1,295
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,430	645	785	2,545	1,070	1,475
0 to 17 years	625	320	305	955	465	490
0 to 5 years	255	135	120	415	210	200
18 to 64 years	695	280	410	1,210	495	715
65 years and over	110	40	70	375	110	265
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	8.8	11.7	19.9	17.6	22.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	15.9	16.1	30.9	29.7	32.0
0 to 5 years (%)	18.6	18.4	18.9	37.6	36.8	37.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	5.9	9.8	16.3	13.8	18.5
65 years and over (%)	9.6	7.4	11.6	16.8	11.7	20.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	705	365	340	1,090	490	595
0 to 17 years	265	135	130	370	175	200
0 to 5 years	110	70	45	185	85	95
18 to 64 years	415	220	200	680	305	375
65 years and over	30	15	20	35	15	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.0	5.1	8.5	8.1	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.7	6.9	12.0	11.2	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	9.5	7.1	16.7	14.9	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.8	9.1	8.5	9.7
65 years and over (%)	2.6	2.8	3.3	1.6	1.6	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Official languages	13,660	7,185	6,480	12,725	6,055	6,670
English	13,600	7,145	6,455	12,720	6,050	6,670
French	565	310	255	770	310	460
Non-official languages	4,950	2,670	2,285	1,360	645	710
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	270	115	150
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	255	105	150
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	35	15	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	230	100	135
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	10	215	95	125
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Dakota	0	0	0	30	20	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,945	2,670	2,280	1,090	530	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,530	890	645	25	20	15
Berber languages	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,005	610	395	0	0	0
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	490	250	240	0	0	0
Somali	510	360	150	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	600	335	270	30	15	15
Amharic	170	95	75	0	0	0
Arabic	380	210	170	0	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0	20	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	30	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	70	50	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	110	65	45	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,315	665	650	230	110	120
Bikol	30	10	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	85	40	45	20	15	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	65	40	20	10	10	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	20	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,200	600	605	230	115	120
Waray-Waray	45	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	15	100	55	45
Kannada	0	0	0	10	10	0
Malayalam	15	10	10	70	40	30
Tamil	0	0	10	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,280	695	585	695	325	370
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	55	45	175	80	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	55	50	175	75	100
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	10	15	15	0
Russian	65	30	35	70	35	35
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	70	25	40	100	35	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	190	95	95	380	180	200
Afrikaans	40	20	25	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	65	25	45	20	10	10
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	80	60	20	350	170	180
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	265	150	115	105	50	55
Indo-Aryan languages	220	120	100	100	55	55
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	10	0	10
Hindi	45	20	20	80	40	40
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Marathi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	60	70	20	15	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	90	50	35	15	10	10
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	40	25	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	725	390	330	80	40	40
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	10	10	10	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Spanish	710	390	330	70	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	20	35	40	25	25
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	285	150	135	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	30	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	165	85	80	0	0	0
Wolof	20	20	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	115	85	0	0	0
Dinka	145	80	65	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	15	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	115	145	10	0	0
Chinese languages	255	115	145	0	0	0
Cantonese	70	35	30	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mandarin	180	70	110	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	15	0	10
Lao	35	15	15	15	0	10
Thai	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	10	10	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	11,070	5,740	5,330	12,185	5,800	6,390
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,215	1,715	1,500	2,970	1,525	1,440
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,855	4,025	3,830	9,220	4,270	4,950
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,925	1,555	1,370	575	285	290
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	9,435	4,855	4,580	11,805	5,605	6,205
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	4,215	2,225	1,995	815	405	405
Before 1981	195	110	90	260	120	135
1981 to 1990	185	100	80	40	20	20
1991 to 2000	315	160	155	20	15	0
2001 to 2010	1,315	690	625	210	110	100
2001 to 2005	395	200	200	40	20	20
2006 to 2010	920	495	425	170	90	80
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	2,205	1,155	1,045	285	140	145
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	340	215	125	140	75	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	4,215	2,220	1,995	810	410	405
Under 5 years	380	185	195	95	75	25
5 to 14 years	770	415	360	140	70	70
15 to 24 years	775	380	395	165	70	90
25 to 44 years	2,025	1,140	885	355	165	185
45 years and over	265	100	165	55	30	25
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,215	2,220	1,995	815	410	410
Americas	500	230	265	120	60	60
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	280	135	150	0	0	0
El Salvador	55	30	25	15	10	0
Guyana	0	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	70	35	35	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	35	15	20	70	35	30
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	15	15	0
Europe	255	140	120	275	130	145
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	25	10	15
Germany	20	20	0	70	40	25
Greece	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungary	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0	10	0	0
Netherlands	65	25	45	0	0	10
Poland	15	10	10	15	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	25	15	10
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	25	35	35	10	20
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	50	30	25	90	40	50
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	10	0	10
Africa	1,680	985	695	25	30	0
Algeria	10	10	10	0	0	0
Egypt	35	15	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	500	255	245	10	0	0
Kenya	35	20	20	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	35	25	10	0	0
Somalia	425	310	110	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	590	335	255	10	10	0
Asia	1,770	865	910	390	185	205
Afghanistan	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	195	90	105	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	0	0	0	0	0
India	105	50	55	120	60	55
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	10	15	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	85	35	50	10	0	0
Philippines	1,195	600	600	205	85	115
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	60	75	45	20	15
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	10	10	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,200	1,155	1,050	290	145	140
Americas	310	135	175	20	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	225	100	125	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	50	20	30	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	15	0	10
Europe	50	20	30	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	15	30	0	10	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Africa	890	565	330	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	65	30	30	0	0	0
Ethiopia	315	170	145	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	0	10	0	0	0
Somalia	340	255	85	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	75	40	0	0	0
Asia	950	435	520	250	120	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	35	15	20	100	55	45
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	10	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	20	0	10	10	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Philippines	865	410	455	125	60	70
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	4,595	2,460	2,135	1,045	535	510
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	2,050	1,090	960	1,375	585	790
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	7,345	3,750	3,600	10,345	4,965	5,380
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,025	2,110	1,915	565	295	275
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,895	980	915	460	240	220
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	680	525	155	225	145	75
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,220	460	760	230	85	145
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	680	240	445	95	50	40
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,445	890	555	15	10	10
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	0	10	0	10	0	10
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	580	275	300	3,990	1,965	2,025
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	575	280	295	3,950	1,950	2,005
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	250	105	140	2,110	1,015	1,095
Métis	320	175	145	1,830	925	905
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	0	0	0	25	15	10
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	0	0	0	15	10	10
Non-Aboriginal identity	13,410	7,015	6,395	8,775	4,120	4,650
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	13,990	7,290	6,695	12,765	6,085	6,680
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	195	80	120	2,005	985	1,020
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,800	7,215	6,580	10,755	5,095	5,660
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	130	55	75	1,730	885	845
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	130	55	70	1,690	875	820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	65	20	40	1,180	600	580
Métis single ancestry	65	30	35	510	275	240
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	10	0	0	40	15	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	600	315	285	2,030	960	1,070
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	585	320	270	1,920	920	1,000
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	300	170	130	735	330	410
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	260	140	120	1,185	590	590
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	15	0	20	110	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	15	110	40	70
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	13,260	6,920	6,340	9,005	4,235	4,770
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	13,990	7,295	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	5,150	2,800	2,350	645	335	310
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	330	175	155	205	105	100
Chinese	270	120	150	15	15	0
Black	1,995	1,160	840	70	45	20
Filipino	1,380	700	680	240	115	125
Latin American	595	325	270	35	15	15
Arab	65	45	25	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	180	100	75	10	0	10
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	70	30	30	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	45	20	25
Japanese	70	50	20	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	50	20	35	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	115	65	50	0	0	10
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	8,840	4,490	4,350	12,115	5,750	6,370
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	13,990	7,290	6,700	12,765	6,085	6,680
North American Aboriginal origins	725	375	355	3,765	1,850	1,910
First Nations (North American Indian)	380	190	190	2,065	985	1,080
Inuit	20	10	15	0	0	0
Métis	345	175	175	1,845	920	930
Other North American origins	3,550	1,905	1,650	3,310	1,590	1,720
Acadian	0	0	0	10	10	10
American	235	85	150	85	25	60
Canadian	3,385	1,840	1,545	3,235	1,565	1,670
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	6,880	3,405	3,475	8,755	4,115	4,645
British Isles origins	4,485	2,130	2,355	5,905	2,735	3,170
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	2,725	1,280	1,450	3,550	1,610	1,940
Irish	1,655	730	925	2,265	1,035	1,235
Manx	0	0	0	0	0	10
Scottish	1,870	915	960	2,935	1,295	1,640
Welsh	185	85	100	190	75	115
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	175	90	80	150	75	80
French origins	1,020	530	490	1,615	705	915
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	1,015	530	485	1,615	700	915
Western European origins (except French origins)	2,560	1,180	1,380	2,690	1,285	1,410
Austrian	70	45	25	125	65	55
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	90	35	60	255	115	140
Dutch	445	210	240	605	250	355
Flemish	10	0	0	25	20	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,150	995	1,150	2,035	970	1,060
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	20	0	15	40	15	25
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,010	520	495	820	340	485
Danish	195	70	130	85	30	60
Finnish	45	25	15	50	20	30
Icelandic	65	45	20	255	120	140
Norwegian	520	280	240	225	90	140
Swedish	285	130	155	205	80	125
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	45	25	20	45	15	30
Eastern European origins	1,350	700	650	2,235	1,080	1,155
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	55	15	40	20	10	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	30	25	10	30	20	15
Estonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	185	90	95	80	40	45
Latvian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	350	180	170	570	260	310
Romanian	35	25	10	25	10	15
Russian	300	160	140	380	200	180
Slovak	15	15	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	635	300	335	1,535	705	830
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	0	10	10	10
Southern European origins	360	160	195	170	70	100
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	20	15	0	10	10	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0	10	0	10
Italian	205	105	105	70	20	55
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	15	10	0	15	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Spanish	100	20	80	55	25	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	65	35	30	80	40	45
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	15	0	10	50	20	30
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	45	30	20	35	15	25
Caribbean origins	25	15	10	60	35	25
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bermudan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	10	10	10	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	0	0	0	30	20	10
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	655	370	280	120	45	70
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belizean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilean	0	10	0	0	10	0
Colombian	305	145	160	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Honduran	40	20	15	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	170	120	50	85	30	55
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salvadorean	100	65	35	15	10	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	25	10	15	10	10	0
African origins	2,200	1,265	930	50	30	25
Central and West African origins	290	140	145	25	15	10
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	150	65	85	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Guinean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ibo	15	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Liberian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	20	10	0	15	10	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	75	40	30	0	0	0
North African origins	455	260	195	0	0	0
Algerian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	30	20	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Libyan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sudanese	355	195	155	0	0	0
Tunisian	25	10	15	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	1,340	800	540	10	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	20	20	10	0	0	0
Burundian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ethiopian	465	235	235	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Oromo	95	45	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	300	200	95	0	0	0
South African	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	330	225	110	0	0	0
Other African origins	145	70	70	20	10	10
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	0	0	0	0	10	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	140	75	70	20	10	10
Asian origins	2,475	1,270	1,205	570	285	285
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	70	35	35	25	15	10
Afghan	25	20	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Iraqi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	15	10	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	325	175	150	210	110	100
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	230	125	105	195	100	95
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	105	60	50	15	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	10	0	10	10	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,015	1,025	985	335	160	175
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	90	65	0	0	0
Chinese	310	140	165	40	20	20
Filipino	1,385	705	680	240	115	125
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	105	70	35	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	25	45	20	25
Laotian	30	10	15	10	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	15	25	0	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	70	35	30	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	70	40	30	0	0	0
Oceania origins	15	0	10	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	5,040	...	...	5,580	...	...
Owner	3,330	...	...	3,600	...	...
Renter	1,715	...	...	1,980	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	5,045	...	...	5,575	...	...
Condominium	400	...	...	205	...	...
Not condominium	4,640	...	...	5,370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	5,040	...	...	5,580	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	80	...	...
1 bedroom	315	...	...	750	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,085	...	...	1,405	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,605	...	...	1,965	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,035	...	...	1,365	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,190	...	...	1,375	...	...
5 rooms	900	...	...	910	...	...
6 rooms	695	...	...	890	...	...
7 rooms	630	...	...	770	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,635	...	...	1,625	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,840	...	...	5,500	...	...
More than 1 person per room	200	...	...	75	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	5,045	...	...	5,575	...	...
Suitable	4,655	...	...	5,290	...	...
Not suitable	390	...	...	290	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	5,045	...	...	5,575	...	...
1960 or before	430	...	...	1,825	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,190	...	...	2,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	515	...	...	740	...	...
1991 to 2000	885	...	...	315	...	...
2001 to 2005	510	...	...	170	...	...
2006 to 2010	390	...	...	150	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	125	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	5,045	...	...	5,575	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	4,775	...	...	5,040	...	...
Major repairs needed	270	...	...	535	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,990	...	...	3,765	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,785	...	...	1,725	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	260	...	...	90	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	5,040	...	...	5,575	...	...
15 to 24 years	185	...	...	230	...	...
25 to 34 years	965	...	...	870	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,335	...	...	805	...	...
45 to 54 years	995	...	...	985	...	...
55 to 64 years	820	...	...	1,065	...	...
65 to 74 years	485	...	...	800	...	...
75 to 84 years	200	...	...	545	...	...
85 years and over	65	...	...	285	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	5,030	...	...	5,565	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,085	...	...	4,610	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	950	...	...	950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	890	...	...	845	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,325	...	...	3,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	66.9	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	13.7	...	...	7.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,257	...	...	777	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,253	...	...	888	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,772	...	...	195,027	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	275,591	...	...	210,023	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,715	...	...	1,980	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.7	...	...	23.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	28.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	988	...	...	699	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,029	...	...	746	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	10,700	5,600	5,105	10,165	4,780	5,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,935	1,635	1,300	2,820	1,490	1,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	3,675	2,005	1,675	3,110	1,435	1,680
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,095	1,965	2,135	4,230	1,865	2,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	995	740	255	805	585	220
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	365	195	175	355	190	160
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	625	545	80	450	390	55
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,505	465	1,040	1,915	655	1,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	155	120	215	90	125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,320	600	715	1,295	525	770
Bachelor's degree	980	415	570	970	370	605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	35	55	115	40	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	50	10	25	20	0
Master's degree	160	85	75	160	85	75
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	30	15	10	25	15	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	7,815	4,110	3,705	6,360	3,045	3,315
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,660	915	745	1,175	715	460
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	2,750	1,525	1,220	2,020	940	1,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,405	1,670	1,735	3,165	1,390	1,775
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	810	635	175	535	395	140
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	270	160	115	240	145	95
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	540	480	65	295	250	45
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,205	390	820	1,480	520	960
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	140	85	130	50	75
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,155	500	655	1,025	425	600
Bachelor's degree	885	365	525	780	310	475
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	25	40	85	30	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	40	10	20	10	10
Master's degree	135	65	70	120	70	60
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	20	10	10	15	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	10,705	5,600	5,105	10,165	4,780	5,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,610	3,640	2,975	5,935	2,920	3,015
Education	445	130	305	440	100	340
13. Education	445	130	310	445	100	340
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	25	20	100	50	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	25	0	35	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	15	65	20	45
Humanities	135	85	50	140	75	65
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	10	10	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	0	0	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	30	15	15	50	20	30
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15	10	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	15	30	20	15
54. History	15	20	0	35	25	10
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	305	90	210	335	90	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	10	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	10	20	20	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	60	125	10	125
22. Legal professions and studies	70	20	50	50	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	10	10	15	0	10
42. Psychology	50	10	40	30	20	15
45. Social sciences	95	50	40	70	25	45
Business, management and public administration	740	190	545	900	270	625
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	10	50	90	20	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	680	185	495	805	250	560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	105	30	70	75	30	45
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	25	50	15	10	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0	20	35	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	10	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	60	50	65	30	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	85	50	40	60	35	30
25. Library science	15	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	10	0	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	1,030	970	55	750	710	35
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	145	135	15	65	60	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	200	175	25	115	110	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	265	265	0	230	225	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	280	265	15	285	270	20
48. Precision production	135	130	10	50	50	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	70	65	130	100	35
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	105	50	50	115	90	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	20	15	15	10	10
Health and related fields	725	150	580	1,015	235	780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	30	25	0	50	35	15
51. Health professions and related programs	680	110	575	955	195	760
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	15	15	0	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	315	140	165	280	165	115
12. Personal and culinary services	200	45	160	160	55	110
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	15	10	10	65	55	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	95	0	45	45	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	7,815	4,110	3,705	6,365	3,050	3,315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	4,410	2,445	1,965	3,195	1,655	1,540
Education	360	105	255	300	75	220
13. Education	360	105	260	295	75	225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	20	15	65	20	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	15	0	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	20	50	15	35
Humanities	105	70	40	100	55	40
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15	0	10	10	10	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	10	0	0	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	15	0	35	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	10	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	25	10	25	15	10
54. History	0	10	0	25	15	0
55. French language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	265	85	180	295	70	225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	15	15	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0	60	105	10	100
22. Legal professions and studies	60	15	50	45	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	10	0	10	10	0	0
42. Psychology	35	10	25	30	10	15
45. Social sciences	90	50	40	75	30	45
Business, management and public administration	620	180	445	705	235	465
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	10	40	80	15	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	570	170	400	620	210	410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	95	25	70	55	30	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	20	45	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	0	20	20	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	45	45	55	25	30
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	40	30	50	20	30
25. Library science	10	0	0	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	890	840	50	570	540	35
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	0	0	0
14. Engineering	140	130	15	65	60	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	160	140	20	95	95	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	220	225	0	170	165	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	245	230	10	195	175	15
48. Precision production	125	115	10	50	45	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	40	65	95	65	30
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	70	20	50	90	60	25
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	20	15	10	0	0
Health and related fields	570	125	445	745	160	585
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	25	25	0	40	25	20
51. Health professions and related programs	530	95	435	695	135	565
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	10	0	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	260	130	130	200	125	75
12. Personal and culinary services	170	45	125	105	35	65
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	10	0	10	50	45	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	85	0	35	35	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	10,705	5,600	5,105	10,165	4,780	5,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,610	3,640	2,975	5,935	2,920	3,010
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	4,090	1,960	2,130	4,235	1,860	2,370
Location of study inside Canada	3,030	1,405	1,630	3,785	1,640	2,145
Same as province or territory of residence	2,145	1,030	1,120	3,190	1,340	1,855
Different than province or territory of residence	885	375	510	595	305	290
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,065	560	500	445	220	230
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	55	45	10	65	45	25
Philippines	465	200	260	130	55	75
India	45	25	20	95	35	55
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	0	10	30	20	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	20	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	10
Other	445	265	185	115	65	45
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	7,810	4,115	3,705	6,365	3,050	3,315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,410	2,445	1,965	3,195	1,655	1,540
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,405	1,670	1,735	3,165	1,390	1,775
Location of study inside Canada	2,415	1,155	1,255	2,780	1,195	1,580
Same as province or territory of residence	1,710	860	850	2,365	980	1,385
Different than province or territory of residence	700	295	400	415	215	195
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	990	510	480	390	200	190
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	20	15	10	50	35	15
Philippines	455	200	255	120	55	65
India	50	25	25	85	40	50
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	15	0	10	20	15	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	30	10	20	0	0	0
France	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other	410	250	160	110	60	50
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	10,705	5,595	5,105	10,165	4,780	5,385
In the labour force	7,980	4,545	3,440	6,295	3,185	3,110
Employed	7,245	4,075	3,175	5,835	2,940	2,895
Unemployed	740	470	265	460	245	215
Not in the labour force	2,720	1,055	1,665	3,870	1,600	2,270
Participation rate	74.5	81.2	67.4	61.9	66.6	57.8
Employment rate	67.7	72.8	62.2	57.4	61.5	53.8
Unemployment rate	9.3	10.3	7.7	7.3	7.7	6.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	10,705	5,600	5,105	10,170	4,785	5,385
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,530	1,015	1,515	3,480	1,455	2,030
Worked	8,175	4,585	3,595	6,685	3,330	3,360
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	4,135	2,535	1,600	3,440	1,895	1,545
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	4,040	2,050	1,995	3,245	1,435	1,815
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.5	42.1	42.2	42.5	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	7,985	4,540	3,440	6,295	3,185	3,105
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	200	100	95	90	20	65
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	7,785	4,445	3,340	6,205	3,165	3,045
Employee	7,110	3,995	3,110	5,750	2,850	2,905
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	680	445	235	455	320	140
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	7,980	4,545	3,440	6,295	3,185	3,110
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	195	100	100	85	25	65
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	7,785	4,440	3,345	6,210	3,165	3,040
0 Management occupations	590	350	245	605	395	210
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	775	155	620	785	170	615
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	260	215	45	230	170	60
3 Health occupations	345	85	260	660	140	520
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	595	185	410	955	295	655
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70	30	45	85	35	50
6 Sales and service occupations	1,665	630	1,035	1,435	660	780
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,275	1,195	80	1,010	955	50
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	570	535	30	120	100	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,635	1,065	575	320	235	85
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	7,985	4,545	3,440	6,295	3,190	3,110
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	200	100	95	90	20	65
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	7,790	4,445	3,345	6,210	3,165	3,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	340	250	90	205	170	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	690	630	60	0	10	0
22 Utilities	55	45	15	55	50	0
23 Construction	480	445	35	450	390	65
31-33 Manufacturing	1,760	1,190	570	540	400	140
41 Wholesale trade	200	145	55	170	120	50
44-45 Retail trade	750	320	435	710	395	315
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	275	190	90	240	220	15
51 Information and cultural industries	35	15	15	80	45	40
52 Finance and insurance	140	15	120	250	75	180
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	100	55	40	50	10	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	255	155	105	135	50	85
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	290	170	115	170	130	40
61 Educational services	480	125	355	525	160	360
62 Health care and social assistance	575	80	490	1,195	270	925
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	50	45	60	30	30
72 Accommodation and food services	555	150	410	515	215	300
81 Other services (except public administration)	370	215	155	280	160	125
91 Public administration	335	190	145	570	270	295
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	7,245	4,070	3,175	5,835	2,935	2,895
Worked at home	250	100	150	145	70	75
Worked outside Canada	0	10	0	30	25	0
No fixed workplace address	930	775	155	550	420	130
Worked at usual place	6,060	3,190	2,865	5,110	2,420	2,690
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	6,060	3,190	2,865	5,110	2,420	2,695
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,865	1,760	2,100	3,750	1,580	2,175
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,025	1,315	710	905	530	375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	165	115	55	440	300	145
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	6,990	3,965	3,025	5,660	2,845	2,820
Car, truck, van - as a driver	5,445	3,160	2,285	4,510	2,285	2,225
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	840	420	425	510	230	280
Public transit	75	45	30	15	10	10
Walked	370	140	230	470	225	240
Bicycle	50	30	20	70	50	10
Other method	205	160	45	90	40	50
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	6,990	3,960	3,025	5,660	2,845	2,820
Less than 15 minutes	4,515	2,220	2,295	4,055	1,865	2,190
15 to 29 minutes	1,845	1,220	635	1,005	570	435
30 to 44 minutes	290	225	65	150	95	55
45 to 59 minutes	55	30	30	95	40	55
60 minutes and over	275	265	10	350	260	90
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	6,985	3,960	3,025	5,660	2,840	2,820
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	775	560	220	320	195	125
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,255	795	460	955	585	370
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,480	845	635	1,690	935	760
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,080	430	655	1,430	520	910
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	555	185	365	485	175	315
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,845	1,155	690	780	440	340
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	8,410	4,720	3,690	6,900	3,445	3,460
Single responses	8,380	4,700	3,685	6,875	3,440	3,435
Official languages	8,290	4,670	3,620	6,855	3,430	3,420
English	8,265	4,665	3,600	6,825	3,425	3,405
French	25	0	20	25	10	15
Non-official languages	95	30	65	25	10	20
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	10	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90	30	60	20	0	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	25	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20	0	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	0	15	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	15	10	25	10	25
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	20	15	10	10	0	10
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	8,410	4,715	3,690	6,905	3,445	3,460
None	8,060	4,550	3,510	6,735	3,370	3,365
English	35	0	25	20	0	15
French	70	45	25	60	20	40
Non-official language	225	120	115	90	50	40
Aboriginal	0	0	0	30	10	15
Non-Aboriginal	230	120	110	65	45	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	15	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	13,700	7,165	6,535	12,570	6,005	6,565
Non-movers	11,220	5,890	5,325	10,590	5,060	5,530
Movers	2,475	1,275	1,205	1,980	945	1,030
Non-migrants	1,740	925	820	1,210	595	610
Migrants	730	350	385	770	350	420
Internal migrants	460	210	250	670	310	360
Intraprovincial migrants	265	110	155	515	235	280
Interprovincial migrants	195	100	90	155	75	85
External migrants	280	140	140	105	40	60
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	12,825	6,705	6,115	11,835	5,670	6,160
Non-movers	6,300	3,305	2,990	6,975	3,285	3,685
Movers	6,525	3,405	3,125	4,865	2,390	2,475
Non-migrants	3,130	1,705	1,430	2,780	1,395	1,380
Migrants	3,395	1,695	1,695	2,090	990	1,095
Internal migrants	1,565	760	805	1,715	815	900
Intraprovincial migrants	935	465	465	1,330	630	700
Interprovincial migrants	640	295	335	385	180	205
External migrants	1,825	935	890	370	180	195

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Brooks [Population centre], Alberta and Portage la Prairie, CY [Census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brooks [Population centre], Alberta and Portage la Prairie, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census Brooks [Population centre], Alberta and Portage la Prairie, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Brooks [Population centre], Alberta and Portage la Prairie, City [Census subdivision], Manitoba